PRE-SPANISH

EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE

- Promote education for survival, conformity and enculturation

METHOD OF INSTRUCTION

- Informal Education (tell me & show me, trial & error)

- Practical Training

(The fathers taught their sons how to look for food and other means of livelihood. The mothers
taught their girls to do the household chores)

- Theoretical Training
- Problem-centered Approach

TRENDS IN EDUCATION

- The medium of instruction was baybayin

OTHER FEATURES

- Evidence of early education; ceramic industry, syllabary writing

among Tagbanwas and Mangyans, Megalicthic structures of rice
terraces.

SPANISH-DEVISED CURRICULUM

EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE

- Propagate Christianity
- Promotion of Spanish language
- Imposition of Spanish culture

METHOD OF INSTRUCTION

- Formal Education
- Religious Education
- Vocational Courses/Education
- Education through dictation and memorization, moro-moro/cenaculo, theater presentation.

TRENDS IN EDUCATION

- Vernacular: medium of instruction

- The medium of instruction were Latin and Spanish
 - The primary grades curriculum included religion, religious doctrine, sacred history and
ethics, reading, writing, Spanish language, arithmetic, Spanish history and geography,
manners, music and practical local agriculture.

PROMULGATED LAWS

- 1565: Parochial Schools started in Cebu by Augustinian Missionaries

- Colegios: School for Boys
- Beaterios: School for Girls (both are equivalent to high schools)
- Royal Decree 1863: Establishment of an overall public school system and provision for the
training of teachers through a normal school.

OTHER FEATURES

- Spanish friars produced the 1st grammars and dictionaries that led to the development of
Filipino languages.
- Jesuits and Dominicans opened the first higher education institutions

AMERICAN-DEVISED CURRICULUM

EDUCATION PURPOSE

- Teach democracy as a way of life

- Train Filipinos for self-government
- Develop learners into becoming enlightened and intelligent citizens of a democratic society

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

- Formal Education
- Education is through socialized recitation and active participation of students

TRENDS IN EDUCATION

- English as common language

- Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Language, GMRC, Civics, Hygiene and Sanitation, Gardening,
Domestic Science, America and Philippine History were the subject areas for study.

PROMULGATED LAWS

Educational Act of 1901 (Act No. 74):

- Establish a department of public instruction

- Establish a highly centralized system
- Provide for the importation of teachers
- Create the Philippine Normal School

OTHER FEATURES

- 1908: University of the Philippines was founded as the 1st with University status.
 - The school supported by the Government should be absolutely divorced from church.
- The curriculum was based on the ideals and traditions of American and it hierarchy of values.

CURRICULUM DURING COMMONWEALTH

EDUCATION PURPOSE

- 1935 Constitution: Develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and
vocational efficiency to teach the duties of citizenship.
- Continue the promotion of democratic ideals and ways of life

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

- Training was done through public schools, private schools (sectarian, non-sectarian)
- The methods used were memorizations, C.A.T., and recitation.

TRENDS IN EDUCATION

- Education under the Commonwealth was to help prepare for the coming independence of a
new Filipino nation
- Curricular emphasis on character education and citizenship training
- Introduction of adult education to eliminate illiteracy as well as vocational
- Citizenship training to adult citizens in the country.

PROMULGATED LAWS

- Education Act 1940 (Commonwealth Act 586): Revision of Public Elementary Schools by:
1. Shortening of elementary grades to six years
2. adoption of double-single sessions in the primary grade with one teacher
3. one class assignment of intermediate teachers
- Act No. 4607: complete abolition of matriculation fees
- E.O 134 in 1936: Tagalog as the basis of national language
- E.O 236 in 1940: teaching of national language in the senior year of all high schools and all
years in normal schools
- C.A 117: placed all public school teachers under civic service rules
- C.A 578: conferred the status of persons on authority on supervisors, principals, teachers
and professors training adults
- C.A 80: provide the legal basis for adult education pursuant to the constitutional provision on
citizenship training for adults
- C.A 589 in 1940: established school ritual in all public and private elementary and high
schools consisting of solemn patriotic ceremonies that include the singing of the national
anthem and recitation of patriotic pledge
- C. A 1: National Defense Act of Dec. 21, 1935, provided for the preparatory military training
- P.D 1706 of 1980: known as the National Service Law, required all citizen to render civic
welfare service, law enforcement service and military service
JAPANESE-DEVISED CURRICULUM

EDUCATION PURPOSE

- Make people understand the position of the Philippines in the Greater East Asia Co-
prosperity Sphere
- Inspire people with the spirit to love labor

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

- Formal education focused on vocational, agricultural and technical

TRENDS IN EDUCATION

- Curricular content centered on values rooted on love of labor

- Diffusing the use of Niponggo
- Termination of the use of English language in schools

OTHER FEATURES

- Stressed on the dignity of manual labor.

CURRICULUM DURING PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

EDUCATION PURPOSE

- Promotion of equal education for all

- Full realization of democratic ideals
- Attainment of Social and Economic Development

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

- Formal education
- Formation of PCSPE (Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine Education)
- Restatement of National Development Goals and Educational Aims
- It is both work and value oriented
- Relevant actual work experience along academic subjects.
- Vernacular-medium of instruction

TRENDS IN EDUCATION

Cultural content stressed on:

- Social orientation as manifested by the conservation of the Filipino heritage

- Training for occupation
- Promotion of the democratic nation building
- A new thrust on community development
- More of science and mathematics
- Character education is focused with other discipline
 - Work education includes training and experiences in agriculture, fishery, homemaking and
family living, industrial arts, and other activities.

PROMULGATED LAWS

- Elementary Education Act of 1953: This is to restore Grade 7 which was abolished by the
Education Act of 1940.
- Republic Act No. 1265: compulsory daily flag ceremony
- Republic Act No. 1425: Rizal as subject to be taught.

OTHER FEATURES

- Home industries are being fostered as a means of enabling our people to have a
supplementary source of income.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM

EDUCATION PURPOSE

- Provide the knowledge and develop the skills, attitudes and values essential for personal
development, a productive life, and constructive engagement with a changing social milieu.
- Provide learning experiences that increase the childs awareness of and responsiveness to the
just demands of society.
- Promote and intensify awareness of, identification with, and love for our nation and the
community to be which the learner belongs.
- Promote experiences that develop the learners orientation to the world of work and prepare
the learner to engage in honest and gainful work.

SECONDARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM

EDUCATION PURPOSE

- Continue the general education started in elementary.

- Prepare the learners for college.
- Prepare the learners for the world of work.

REVISED SECONDARY EDUCATION PROGRAM

EDUCATION PURPOSE

- To foster love of country.

- To teach the duties of citizenship.
- To develop moral character, self-discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational
efficiency.
 - To acquire the basic occupational skills acknowledge and information essential for gainful
employment and for making intelligent choice of occupation or career.

TRENDS IN EDUCATION

- A bilingual education scheme, it required Filipino and English to be used in schools. Science
and Math subjects as well as English language and literature classed were taught in English
while the rest were taught in Filipino.
- The subjects are: social studies, health and sciences, youth development training,
communication arts and citizenship advancement training.
- Exploratory coursed were offered.

PROMULGATED LAWS

- D.O. 20 s. 1073:
1. Guidelines on the revised marking System for the Secondary Schools.
2. Character Grade Checklist
3. Secondary Students Permanent Record (Form 137 A)
4. Secondary Students Report Card (Form 138)
5. Report on promotion, Form 18 A

OTHER FEATURES

- There will be four grading period.

- The averaging method is to be used for marking.
- The averaging per subject at the end of the course will be computed up to the second decimal
place.
- The passing mark in any given subject should be a grade of 75% or better.