Estante, Daryl Cloyd T.

December
2, 2020
BSE-3A English
ProfEd 312
The Teacher and the Community, School Culture and Organizational Leadership
Activity no. 2
Application-Let's Apply
1. Why was the focus of education different for different groups of people in
different places and at different periods in world history? What does this point
to regarding relationship of schools and society?

The focus of education becomes different for different groups of people, different
places and at different periods in world history because of the given legacy of every
various foreign conqueror of our country such as Spaniards, Americans and Japanese.
The education also changes through time based on the necessity and resources of a
certain period because the focus of education depends upon its society. As society
transforms, education also transforms. Philippine education is a clear example of a boat
sailing in a body of changes and challenges because of its educational system that both
shifting its paradigms and efforts of reform within education that leads to an awareness
of new ideas and new needs. The educational reformation of the Philippines manifested
in every Filipino people's efforts from different places and periods taken to adjust in a
diverse learning environments designed to meet the needs of all learners of those
times. Today, the focus of education is on the expanding access and ensuring more
Filipinos to receive a decent basic education, as a means of reducing poverty and
improving the societal competitiveness. For a reason that society and schools are
intertwined to each other. The schools reflect society, and society reflects the schools.
That linkage contains the dynamics for the improvement of education. Education is not
only part and parcel of those schools in which it is offered but also of the society that
gave it birth.

Given the different characteristics of the different periods in Philippine history,

what were the goals of education/schools during the:

a) Pre-colonial - During the pre-colonial period, most children were provided with solely
vocational training but lesser academics for them to be good fathers and mothers,
which was supervised by parents, tribal tutors or those assigned for specific, specialized
roles within their communities. In most communities, stories, songs, poetry, dances,
medicinal practices and advice regarding all sorts of community life issues were passed
from generation to generation mostly through oral tradition.
b) Spanish period - Spanish missionaries established schools immediately after
reaching the islands. The schools are focused on religious formation to help them live
the Christian faith. Aside from the teaching of new industrial and agricultural
techniques.
c) American regime - The Americans were keen to open up seven schools with army
servicemen teaching with army command-selected books and supplies. More schools
were opened, this time. High schools were created and the curriculum focused on
practical job skills that would better prepare students for professional white collar or
skilled blue collar work. They educated the Filipinos to become good citizens of a
democratic country.
d) Japanese regime - Make the people understand the position of the Philippines as a
member of the East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Eradication of the idea of reliance upon
Western States particularly the US and Great Britain. Fostering a new Flipino culture
based on the consciousness of the people as Orientals and they taught them the love
of labor.
e) Post-colonial period - Education aimed at the full of realization of the democratic
ideals and way of life in order to achieve the following goals: to foster love of country;
to teach the duties of citizenship; to develop moral character self-discipline; and
for scientific, technological and vocational efficiency.

3. Was equal access to quality education met during the:

a) Pre-colonial - Though during the pre-colonial period are informal, unstructured,
decentralized because most children were provided with solely vocational training rather
than academics but children are given equal opportunity to access education through
their parents that time distributes an equal responsibility for their children. The fathers
taught their sons on how tolook for food and other means of livelihood and mothers
taught their daughters how to do household chores. Through this they will be able to
become a good fathers and mothers.
b) Spanish period - Since the education was formal and organized and students
acquired the same learning such as; Christian doctrines, sacred songs and music and
prayers yet it's still not considered equal access to quality education because there
were special treatment to wealthy Filipinos or ilustrados as they were accommodated in
schools.
c) American regime - During the American regime all children have an equal access to
quality education and experience the system of free and compulsory elementary
education that was established by the Malolos Constitution it was The Educational
Decree of 1863, where attendance in school was compulsory between the ages of
seven and twelve during that time as they promote the democratic ideals and
democratic way of life.
d) Japanese regime - During their regime, they strive for the diffusion of the Japanese
language in the Philippines and the termination of the use of English in schools, and
they strive to teach Filipinos a new culture instead of letting us exercise our own identity.
As a result, children does not acquire an equal access to quality education because
they were focused in promoting the vocational education rather than academics without
considering that not all students were skilled or will be more interested in terms of
vocational trainings.
e) Post-colonial period up to the present - In this period up to the present, people
have an equal access to quality education as it aimed to have a full of realization to the
democratic ideals of way of life, meaning we have the freedom and rights to any
aspects especially when it comes to the education of the children. Today, the focus of
education is on the expanding access and ensuring more Filipinos to receive a decent
basic quality and relevant education, as a means of reducing poverty and improving the
societal competitiveness.
4. DepEd's mission is “to protect and promote the right of every Filipino to
quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education” Has the
Philippine educational system from pre-colonial to present given equal access to
quality, culture-based and complete basic education? Or was it a privilege of a
few? Explain your answer.

The Philippine educational system from pre-colonial to present have partially met
equal access to quality education in the sense that the education has considered as a
fundamental human right of every Filipino and not just as privileged of the few, as a
result we are much freer in exercising our educational rights throughout the various
years. However, because of the changes and challenges of our educational system, we
just have met only the partial of it yet. Despites the fact that there are still several
uneducated Filipinos in the country from the lack of opportunity, financial support, and
even discrimination; but our political leaders and stakeholders are trying their best to
offer us the quality and relevant education in accordance to its vision and mission of
various educational institutions. A clear evidence of the value placed on education is the
proportion of the national government budget going to the sector. The Department of
Education (DepEd), the country’s biggest bureaucracy, is given the highest budget
allocation among government agencies each year as required by the 1987 Philippine
Constitution. It has been consistent with the priorities of every Administration, the
Department of Education (DepEd), State Universities and Colleges (SUC's), the
Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) collectively will receive the largest portion of the 2020
budget to the tune of PhP 692.6 billion (www.dbm.gov.ph). The 1987 Constitution
likewise guarantees the right to education of every Filipino. It provided that, “The State
shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and
shall take appropriate steps to make education accessible to all.” The right of every
Filipino to quality basic education is further emphasized in Republic Act 9155 or the
Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001. Along with Republic Act 6655 or the Free
Secondary Education Act, these laws reaffirm the policy of the State to protect and
promote the rights of all Filipinos by providing children free and compulsory education in
the elementary and high school level. Also the latest Universal Access to Quality Tertiary
Education Act or known as Republic Act 10931. This is a law in the Philippines that
institutionalizes free tuition and exemption from other fees in state universities and
colleges (SUCs), local universities and colleges (LUCs) in the Philippines. We are now
being freer in exercising our educational right as compared to when we were still being
colonized. The government had provided and funded big amount of money for the
education sector. They have programs to help the parents who are struggling to support
the studies of their children. They have scholarships and a lot of programs to help
improve the educational system in the Philippines but there are still lapses on it. As we
look around us, there are still street children and children who choose to stay at home
because they failed to go. Yes, Philippines had provided for education but it is not
enough because it doesn't achieve its fullest sense. In terms of quality education, we
are blessed to have those mentioned programs and scholarships where students learn
in a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and motivating environment but we cannot
deny the fact that there are still children who were deprived from illiteracy and
educational opportunity. To equitable education we are all have equal opportunity in
education, men and women, private or public, regardless of their social class, race,
gender, sexuality, ethnicity background or physical and mental disabilities. To culture-
based education, student learning the values, norms, knowledge, beliefs, practices,
and. language that are the foundation of Filipino culture excluding any ethnocentrism
idealism instead promoting cultural relativism. Lastly, complete basic education of the
Philippines is not only being accessible to all, it must be of the highest quality. And it is
not a privilege to be bestowed by a government, it is a legal right for everyone –
children, youth and adults. As a piece of advice, we should help one another and don't
waste the opportunity given by the government so that later on, when we become
professionals we could have an impact in transforming the nation towards eradicating
illiteracy and poverty, so that we may finally call the Philippines a progressive country.

DOLE urged to address job-skills mismatch

Published June 19, 2018
By Vanne Ellaine Terrazola
Senator Joel Villanueva on Tuesday prodded the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE) and other concerned agencies to report on the status of its
programs aimed at addressing job-skills mismatch. Sen. Joel Villanueva (Senate of the
Philippines Facebook page/MANILA BULLETIN)
Villanueva, chairperson of the Senate committee on labor, employment and human
resources development, made the appeal as he called anew on the government to
make sure that the workers who will be employed under the "Build, Build, Build"
infrastructure program are skills-ready" It has been our consistent call on the concerned
government agencies-Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Department of Labor
and Employment (DOLE), Department of Education(DepEd), and Technical Education
and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)-to up-skill our workers and address the
problem of job-skills mismatch which becomes imperative with the implementation of
the administration's Build-Build-Build program," Villanueva said in a statement.

5. Read the article above. What does job-skills mismatch imply about the
relevance of schools to present society? Are schools, effective agents of
socialization in preparing Filipino graduates for their job roles?

Job mismatch is generally defined as a worker in a job that does not correspond
with his or her level of qualifications as defined by their education, skills, knowledge,
and abilities. The article above emphasizes the job-skills mismatch implication about the
relevance of schools to present society, wherein the higher education system is
ineffective in producing quality graduates that have the skills needed by the labor
market. As what Sen. Joel Villanueva trying to find out what actions does various
agencies in eradication job mismatch cases in the Philippines which is so common
among today’s workforce, hence more and more employees become restless and
frustrated with their current jobs and career paths. We could imply that the school itself
have a relevance why this is happening in our present society. Looking at its personal
opinion, there are a lot of reasons why the job mismatch issue remains controversial to
this very day. Such wrong choice of college course – either strong parental influence in
decision-making, or taking a course about a job that is “in” or trend. Students should get
their college course that matches to their skills and whole personality, because this will
help you to be work driven for your future jobs in long term. This just shows that
students need to have a better career assessment that helps them define their skills and
attributes and understand how these match different career options. That is why
educational agencies especially the Senior High School (Grade 11 and Grade 12) offers
three different tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts.
The Academic track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business and Management
(ABM); Humanities education, and Social Sciences (HUMSS); and Science, Technology,
Engineering, Mathematics (STEM). The added two-year Senior High Track aims to
equip the students with knowledge and skills that will help us to be prepare better for
your chosen path - be it higher education, employment, or entrepreneurship. This failure
to implement the needed reforms in the country’s education system have been step-by-
step addressed by our government and experts and since we are the first batch of the
K+12 Curriculum hopefully we could see its positive impact after when we graduate and
find for our jobs as we eradicate job mismatch. Yes, schools are effective agents of
socialization in preparing Filipino graduates for their job roles because the official
purpose of school is to transfer subject knowledge and teach life skills, such as
following directions and meeting deadlines which are significant in their future career
journey. However, if ever schools are failed to perform these roles, students will be
confused and ineffective in choosing their career path that will results to job-skills
mismatches. Therefore, schools are very relevant agent of socialization in honing the
necessary skills of the students and in helping them decide the career that fits their
skills.

6. Education is a function of society. Considering the positive and negative

elements of 21st Century society:
 State the educational goals that 21st Century schools should pursue;
1. 21st century schools should cultivate a skilled workforce.
2. 21st century schools should prepare children for citizenship.
3. 21st century schools should teach cultural literacy.
4. 21st century schools should prepare students for college or tertiary education.
5. 21st century schools should help students become critical thinkers.
6. 21st century schools should help students to be globally competitive.
7. 21st century schools should give students the skills they need to succeed in this
new world, and helping them grow the confidence to practice those skills.
8. 21st century schools should focus students' skills on making sense of the
information, sharing and using it in smart ways despite of the overflowing amount
of information accessible especially online which may be misleading and
confusing.
9. 21st century schools should blend knowledge, thinking, innovation skills, media,
information and communication technology (ICT) literacy, and real life experience
in the context of core academic subjects.

 Describe the ideal 21"Century graduate; and

An ideal 21 st century graduate is someone who is equipped with 21 st century skills
such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication, information literacy,
medla literacy, technology literacy, flexibility, leadership, initiative, productivity, and
social skills, but at the same time equipped with good moral values. They we're
someone who we're equipped with these skills: collaboration and teamwork, creativity
and immagination, critical thinking, and problem solving skills. These skills could be
valuable to a new hign school graduate and to employers, as well as how these skills
interact with one another. More than technological expertise, 21 st century skills refer to
content knowledge, literacies and proficiencies that prepare individuals to meet the
challenges and opportunities of todays world. The mportant skills a 21 st century
graduate should have: Flexibility and adaptability, Global and cultural awareness,
Information literacy, and leadership.

 Describe the education delivery mode.

The 21st-century education delivery model is an education that gives students the
skills they need to succeed in this new world and helping them grow the confidence to
practice those skills. With so much information readily available to them, 21st-century
skills focus more on making sense of that information, sharing and using it in smart
ways. In short, it is an education that provides students with the skills and competencies
they need to thrive or survive in this competitive 21s century. In addition, the delivery
model in the 21 century is it emphasized compliance and conformity over creativity, two
skills that were necessary to do well in a professional or corporate environment and to
hold down a good job for decades. Compliance and conformity are now a relic, but they
are still key values in many schools, informing policy even when not being expressly
promoted to students. Furthermore, the delivery model in the 21* century doesn't just
require students to just sit down the whole period but engages them with hands-on
activities. It engages them for collaboration and creativity, critical thinking, and develops
their communication skills.

Will the survival skills taught in primitive societies suffice for the citizens of a 21"
Century world?

Yes, I believe that the survival skills taught in primitive societies will still suffice for
the citizens of a 21* century world because what we are right now are something that
primitive society do. As Steve Watts said, "Primitive skills are our shared inheritance. It
is the shared thread which links us to our prehistory and binds us together as human
beings.’ So, it is the primitive society having their inherent concepts and disciplines that
able us to survive up to this 21 century. We still use our awareness and connection. We
still practiced a keen sense of awareness, awareness of our self, our situation, and our
surroundings, and a strong sense of connection to nature, to ourselves, and to our
community today. It will always suffice the primitive survival skills into the kind of skills
relevant today. We often unconsciously practiced this as part of our day-to-day life.
Such connection and awareness to ourselves and our surroundings will always be
relevant to what we are facing right now. These relevant skills were also used practically
by the primitive people to survive during those days. The same with today, we use those
skills to thrive although we use it not literally because we practice some of these
primitive survival skills with the help of technology for transformation and modification
for common usage and consumption. We still have that primitive survival skills in us
because we all have to and ought to survive.

Let's Check for Understanding

1. In not more than two sentences, state the relationship of society and schools.

Schools shape children's perceptions of the world, the values, beliefs, and norms
of society are internalized within children so that they come to think and act like
other members of society. School is the representative of the society which strives
for the fulfillment of its desires while society provides a line of action to education
(school) which makes them intertwined to each other.
2. What is meant by socialization as a function of schools?

Socialization as a function of schools is meant to be a process of learning one’s

culture and how to live within it. The role of socialization is to acquaint individuals
with the norms of a given social group or society. It prepares individuals to
participate in a group by illustrating the expectations of that group. Since education
is the most significant factor of socialization. The socialization functions in education
can be defined as available for work and an ability to make decisions independently
so that the individual in his later life period could perform his social roles and
integrate into social structures with specific role types.

3. Can school change the socializing effect of family, the primary agent of
socialization? Can an excellent school undo the socializing effect of an
extremely deprived home?

Yes, the school could change the socializing effect of the family but this will take time
along with the process since the family is the most important agent of socialization in
almost every society. Its primary importance rests in its role as the principal socializer of
young children. Children first interact with others and first learn the values, norms, and
beliefs of society through their families. However, this socialization process that the
children experience from their home could be continued those experiences in school.
The school will serve as a home for children that is why we call the school our second
home. Since then that we start our educational journey we continue our socialization
process in school wherein we are guided by our second parents which is the teachers.
Throughout their vocation as a teacher, they have shape our minds and help us to
recognize our talents and goals. To some teachers, it is nothing but a job that pays the
bills. But to others, it is their life. The academic relation between teachers and their
students has been build through constant socialization. Even our classmates, we cannot
deny the fact that we treated them as our biological siblings as we create a bond of
friendship. Both parents and teachers play an instrumental role in shaping the academic
and social development of a child, especially in socialization. I believe that when
children begin going to school, teachers play a more important role than parents
because they spend most of their time in school and parents rarely have time to teach
them. For reason that school is important because it is a tool to help prepare us for life.
Not only can we learn the basic skills to read, write, and do the arithmetic but we can
learn about peoples, places, and nature. Able to learn how to interact positively with
their peers and teachers. They learn about healthy relationship skills and develop them
further through interactions, both in the classroom and in the home. Both home and
school are important agents in socialization. Parents should support after school
learning by interacting with their child positively about school and teachers, providing a
supportive environment at home, and nurturing the child's interests. Being involved in a
child's education shows that parents support their learning. This is the reason why
parents and teachers should cooperate to achieve its utmost result in children's social
skills.

4. In the Philippines, was education a privilege enjoyed by all Filipinos since the
pre-colonial period? Why or why not?
 Yes, education in the Philippines was a privilege enjoyed by the Filipinos since the
pre-colonial period because since then we have already informal education being
practiced by our ancestors now. As time pass by, our educational system has gone
through different periods wherein it faced many changes and challenges it to experience
like from inequalities and biases of the authority in that period until to the time of what
we have cherished today. The educational system has been modified and formalized in
accordance with the necessity and resources of a certain period at that time. Even there
is no modern technology during the pre-colonial period through the use of their
resources around them our ancestors are still able to teach their children to be good
fathers and mothers in the future which is their necessity as they were a lack in
parenting skills during that time. Until other colonizers take over the different periods
and impart their own legacy to improve the educational system of our country. But at the
present education has been considered now as a fundamental right, not just a privilege.
For a reason that education is a right because it cannot be taken away as a privilege
can. This right to be educated has been strengthening with the 1987 Constitution with
various supporting laws that would protect and promote the right of every Filipino to
quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education. Despite the challenges
and lapses of Philippine education that we all experience and witness from the pre-
colonial period up to now, we still to be grateful that our ancestors never stop and give
up on using their privilege for us to achieve the right that we are exercising at the
present. 

5. Was the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) in support of equal

access to quality education? Why was it abolished when it did exactly what
Filipinos then wanted?

No, the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) is not in support of equal
access to a quality education because it discourages those students who fail in taking
the NCEE. Since it is a standardized test that aims to test the academic competencies
of graduating high school students all over the Philippines, which means that the results
of it were used whether a student can enter college and get a four-year degree program
or not. This is a biased type of assessing students' capacity because it only focuses on
one-sided results without taking into consideration the side of the students who fail the
exam. We should be flexible in terms of assessing students' intellectual capacity
because I believe that every student has multiple intelligences according to Howard
Gardner. That is why a paper-pencil test will not always be enough way to dictate a
student's future in college. Thanks to that it was abolished in 1994 by Education
Secretary Raul Roco who said that he wanted all high school students to be able to
enter college and have a chance of a better career in the future. Yes! Everyone must
enter college and not only a few. Actually, we cannot assure that everyone who passed
the exam was truly capable because he or she could just pinpoint those answers until
luckily they passed and we cannot say also that those who fail are incompetent because
we should consider a lot of possible external reasons why they fail the exam. Such as
the conductivity of the room while taking the exam, the health status or the
concentration, or he or she was not good in paper-pencil test especially the objective
type of test which I admit that I was not good. The Filipinos are slowly favoring NCAE
over NCEE since it is more responsive to the changing time while enhancing the
development of every student's core skills. "It provides a complete overview as to the
particular direction one could take after finishing secondary schooling," according to
Education Secretary Jesli Lapus.
Let's Reflect
1. Should college education be for all? Or should it be given only to those who
are intellectually capable of college education? Those who are not should be
directed to technical education. Isn't giving access to college education for
one who is not intellectually capable a waste of time and resources? Was that
not the very purpose of the National College Entrance Examination then to
redirect to tech-voc courses those who were not capable of a college course?
Write your reflections.

College education should be for all because since it would greatly help the nation if
everyone were well-educated, and creating a vastly more competitive economy. The
potential of giving each citizen their own degree would also be a benefit to the
government itself. That is why we must all have equitable education that will offer equal
opportunity for men and women, private or public, regardless of their social class, race,
gender, sexuality, ethnicity background, or physical and mental disabilities, especially
we don't judge a learner-based only on his/her intellectual capacity as a criterion to
enter to college. We should erase the biased perception for the learner that the only
who can pursue college education are those intellectually capable. How about those
who are intellectually challenged persons? Actually, there was no such illiterate person
in this world if everyone has the opportunity to learn how to read and write. Due to
stereotyping and biased treatment for the pitiful lower social class of our society, some
were suffering from illiteracy and ignorance. That is why education should be for all and
not only for the selected few regardless of their intellectual capacity. Despite a person's
intellectually challenging dilemma, if they were given attention by our government as
well as the partnership and encouragement of every teacher and parents, they could
possibly develop the willingness and eagerness with a desire or readiness to acquire
new knowledge that would impact the nation. That is why never estimate someone's
capability because we are not in a position to judge and stop them from achieving their
dreams. Also, to those who are intellectually challenged should not be directed to
technical education because we as a human is gifted with something distinct within us
that makes us different from others. Every human being has been blessed with different
abilities, talents, and capabilities. We differ from each other in that we have different
interests and inclinations. It could be that someone might be good at their chosen
courses but not in terms of technical course or vice versa. It was just the same scenario
with the college requirement based only on grades. We could not say that if someone
who has low grades in high school will have no more chances to enter college
education based only on their previous grades because there's a lot that I have known
of having bad grades but still became successful today. Just like our President Rodrigo
Duterte, he confirmed that he was just a normal lawyer student before who also
experience having failing grades but look at him now, whoever thought that law student
who experiences having a failing grade before would be the first-ever Mindanaoan
President. As a matter of fact, President Duterte appointed Perfecto Yasay Jr. as the
Cabinet Secretary for the Department of Foreign Affairs who happen before his former
college roommate and one of the top students at his time. It was just an irony that their
top student Perfecto Yasay Jr. was working on him where in fact he has a failing grade.
President Duterte's experience was one only of the many testimonies that tell us that
grades will never dictate someone's future. If you have failing grades, don't give up.
Study hard and pray harder. Let us eradicate any college criteria that will limit the
learner's opportunity to choose their chosen educational courses and will also stop in
finding undiscovered dreams and potentials. Because at first, it is their life and not ours
and it is never being a waste of time and resources in giving a chance a learner to have
access to college education the person who was not intellectual capable. For a reason
that it is a fundamental human right of every Filipino learner as what the 1987
Constitution guarantees that the State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens
to quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education at all levels and shall
take appropriate steps to make education accessible to all. No one must be treated as a
waste and burden of society because we are all created equal in eyes of God. Also, it is
very ineffective if the very purpose of the National College Entrance Examination is to
redirect to tech-voc courses those who were not capable of a college course because
the paper-pencil test is not always correct in terms of reliability and validity. Because if
we only based on the result of scores in NCEE it would greatly affect those who got low
score results without considering their external factors why they fail the NCEE exam
during that time. Re-directing a learner to tech-voc only because he/she got a low score
doesn't mean he/she was not intellectually capable because I believe that, THERE WAS
NO INTELLECTUALLY CHALLENGE LEARNER IF EVERYONE IS GIVEN AN
ATTENTION AND A CHANCE TO LEARN.

2. Should we bring back the NCEE? Why or why not?

No, we should never ever bring back NCEE because it would just kill the
undiscovered dreams and potentials of every Filipino learners. Since NCEE stood for
National College Entrance Examination, a standardized test that aimed to test the
academic competencies of graduating high school students all over the Philippines.
Passing it meant a student has met the academic standards required for a graduating
student and is ready to tackle the academic requirements as a freshman in college.
Actually, NCEE's goal was good ONLY for those who passed the exam. But how about
those who fail the exam? This is my point, NCEE tends to be biased for those who fail
the exam because if you fail you would have a hard time to enter college education
because it is a requirement. NCEE tends to stereotype those learners who got a low
score as not intellectually capable learners. This should be eradicated and have a
solution. Due to the fact that there was no person who intellectually challenges it was
our judgments towards them. Instead of treating them as failures let us look the other
side by questioning why they fail? We cannot just them just because of their score we
should consider also the external factors and reasons such as the multiple choice
paper-pencil test which is very prone to cheating and guessing. What if the reason why
the learners who happen to passed the exam are just passed because of cheating and
guessing? Also, the room conductivity, proctor's instruction, test construction, quality of
test papers, learner's emotion, and health status during the test must be put into
consideration before concluding that the learner could no longer enter college
education. Because everyone has a dream, one of those is to graduate in college this is
not solely dreamed by students but especially with the parents. Also, why we need an
NCEE to determine student's capability to enter college if every State College and
Universities public or private conducted their own entrance exam. If NCEE back it was
just a double burden to the students. I am very lucky that I haven't experienced this kind
of unequal assessment because this is very challenging and pressure especially
passing the exam knowing the consequences if you fail. We are blessed that it was
already abolished in 1994 by Education Secretary Raul Roco who said that he wanted
all high school students to be able to enter college and have a chance of a better career
in the future. Because in this world that is full of competition, changes, and challenges
we should not stress more our learners but instead offer them easy access to quality
and relevant education which is meant to happen. We should not take away the dreams
of every Filipino learner because whether we like it or not later on they will be the hope
of our nation. Instead of restrictions create access. Instead of stereotyping and biased
system, promote unity and equality. Instead of stress spread love and learnings.
Through this, there will be no space for NCEE but FREE EDUCATION FOR ALL.

3. Of the developments in Philippine education in the post-colonial period, which

to you is most important?

For me, the most important development in Philippine education in the post-colonial
period is the integration of values in all learning areas. I believe because it is very
important that at an early young age student will be able to develop moral values.
There’s just too much distraction around them such as using social media at a very
young age that if without the proper guidance of parents and teachers this would lead to
worse. Remember that kids are like sponges. They absorb everything they see or hear.
And it falls on us, adults, to steer them to the right path. As future teachers and parents,
it is our responsibility to instill moral values in the children as early as possible. They
look up to us as role models. If we want them to grow up to be productive members of
society, we must teach them how. While learning children also develop their moral
values as the teachers integrate their lessons for them to hone their fullest potentials.
Knowing good moral values such as kindness, humility, courage, and compassion at an
early age builds a child’s character. It forms the very core of their being and becomes a
foundation of their moral beliefs. At the end of the day, the values installed in us will
determine the quality of our lives and the quality of our relationship with others. That is
why it’s essential to integrating moral values in teaching the lesson while they’re still
children. Those moral values will mold them to become the person we want them to be.

Taking it to the Net

1. In the Philippines, education from elementary to secondary education is free.
What law made tertiary education free? Research on the tertiary education of
other countries. Is it also free, or "only in the Philippines?" Share your
findings in class.

The law that made tertiary education free in the Philippines is the Universal
Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act or known as Republic Act 10931. This is a
law in the Philippines that institutionalises free tuition and exemption from other fees in
state universities and colleges (SUCs), local universities and colleges (LUCs) in the
Philippines. The law also foresees subsidies also for private higher education
institutions. It is intended to give underprivileged Filipino students a chance to earn a
college degree. The law was filed first by senator Ralph Recto, principally sponsored by
Senator Bam Aquino, and was signed by Rodrigo Duterte, President of the Philippines,
on August 3, 2017. Aside from the Philippines, Argentina, Brazil, European countries
(France, Malta, Germany and Scotland), Fiji, Iran, Mauritius, New Zealand, Russia, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Uruguay, and Tanzania also offers
free tuition. In Argentina, education is free since 1949 in every public university, not
only for Argentine students, but also for international students willing to study in
Argentina. In Brazil, free education is offered by the Ministry of Education, which offers
scholarships for graduate degrees, masters, doctoral and post-doctoral for Brazilians
and immigrants who have Brazilian citizenship. In European countries such as France
and Malta, tuition is usually free for European students, and in Germany, tuition is free
for all European and international students. In Scotland, university tuition is free for all
Scottish nationals and is discounted for all European students. In Fiji the government
announced in 2013 it would cover the costs of primary and secondary school education,
equivalent to 250 Fiji dollars per year per student. In Iran, most prestigious universities
are called governmental universities which offer free education for students who pass a
very competitive entrance exam with high scores. In Mauritius, the government
provides free education to its citizens from pre-primary to tertiary levels. In New
Zealand, the Labour government will introduce three years of free post-school study or
training. In Russia, prior to the break-up of the Soviet Union, tuition was free for
everyone obtaining sufficient grades. In Sri Lanka, free education is provided by the
government at different levels. In Thailand, free education began around in 1996.
Trinidad and Tobago offers free tertiary education to its citizens up to the
undergraduate level at accredited public and select private institutions. In the United
States, students pay tuition to attend community colleges, with many taking on debt in
the form of federal loans i.e. "student loans". Uruguay adopted free, compulsory, and
secular education in 1876. In Tanzania, the government introduced a fee free education
for all the government schools in 2016.

2. Life skills were taught to primitive society. Are these, life skills for primitive
society the same life skills for the 21st Century? Find out.

Yes, the life skills for primitive society is the same life skills for the 21 century
because we still practice the modified primitive skills in today's Modern Era that still play
a critical role in our society. Earth living and primitive survival encompass a huge range
of skills and knowledge. We have got everything from the basic survival skills of feeding
ourselves and protection from the elements, all the way to the huge array of complex
processes and techniques that allow our species to thrive in a natural environment. We
could say that they are not that essential in our society anymore, because of the
presence of technology that makes everything easier and convenient without any extra
effort. But this doesn’t mean they’re useless. These disciplines are not only very
worthwhile, but arguably an essential component of human development and ability,
both in terms of our health, and the sustainability of our relationship with the natural
world that unconsciously we practiced in our day-to-day lifestyle in the recent 21st
Century. Every day we work hard to survive. To survive we need basic things of
wilderness living such as shelter, fire, water, food, and self-expression. These are the
things that we still need and practice throughout the year from primitive up to now. We
need shelter for our safety and security. In primitive, they use to have shelter in the
trees, caves, and beside the river banks wherein they could potentially find their food.
They develop their hunting skills, critical thinking, and creativity when catching a wild
boar as food, in creating fire out of stones and primitive cave paintings and signed
language has morphed into an endless variety of ways to express oneself to other
humans. Like Umalohokan they were responsible for going around and making people
aware of new laws and policies enacted by the Datu or chieftain as a result they use
ivory and seashell to produce sound in delivering a message. They are a lot to mention
about the challenges that have been encountered by our ancestors during the primitive
times but they able to overcome those challenges that eventually inherited from us
today. In today's 21st Century, we still practice those primitive skills but with
modifications to coincide with its Modern period. The practice of making a shelter is still
 there, but with technological modifications, even in the fire, water, food, and self-
expression today we can say that everything was manipulated by technology but the
thing that hasn't changed was the concept and discipline of action in doing such task
because we still use our awareness and connection. We still practiced a keen sense of
awareness, awareness of our self, our situation, and our surroundings, and a strong
sense of connection to nature, to ourselves, and our community today.

LET Clinchers
1. Education is a function of society. What does this imply?
I. Citizens are taught what society considered most important.
II. Society determines curriculum to be taught.
III. Those in education taught what they believed should be taught regardless of
society's need.
A. I only
B. II and III
C. I and II
D. III only
2. If education is a function of society then it has to be.
A. relevant
B. for a selected few
C. complete
D. free
3. Complete the analogy. Athenian education: well-rounded development of individuals
Spartan education:
A. military training
B. religious formation
C. liberally educated
D. wholistically developed person
4. While the Japanese taught the Filipinos love for labor, the Americans taught the Filipino
A. citizenship in a democratic country
B. survival skills
C. love for country
D. dignity of labor
5. Schools are tasked for socialization. Which is a CORRECT explanation of socialization?
A. Developing the young to become socialite
B. Learning the roles, statuses and values necessary for participation in
society
C. Developing speaking and relating skills
D. Developing the socialite to remain forever young