Historical Development of

Philippine Education
 EDUCATION FROM
EARLY FILIPINOS /
PRECOLONIAL PERIOD
900-1521
EDUCATION FROM EARLY
FILIPINOS/PRECOLONIAL PERIOD
 Educationwas decentralized, informal, unstructured,
and devoid.
 Alibata, the native alphabet - the medium of
instruction used
- 17 symbols/letters (3 vowels and 14 consonants)
 Babaylan and Katalonan
- the teachers during the pre-colonial era - gifted
with wisdom and knowledge on spirituality
- they were respected by the people of the society
(beliefs and traditions)
 Sincethere was insufficient scientific learning, they
lacked efficient means of economic production.
 Thefathers trained their sons how to look for food
and other means of maintaining livelihood.
 The mothers were in charge of their girls and
instructing on household chores.
 Purpose:prepare both boys and girls to become good
husbands and wives in the future.
SPANISH REGIME
1521-1898
SPANISH REGIME
 formal
 The Religious Congregations - schools from the
primary level to the tertiary level of education were
established.
 The schools focused on the Christian Doctrines.
 There was a separate school for boys and girls.
 The wealthy Filipinos or the Ilustrados were
accommodated in the schools.
King Philip II’s Law of the Indies (Leyes de
Indias)
- The Spanish authorities in the Philippines were
mandated to educate the natives, to teach them how to
read and write, and to learn Spanish.
Hindrances:
1. The number of Spaniards in the Archipelago was
limited so the teaching of Spanish at that time was
minimal.
2. The Philippines was inhabited by diverse tribes with
different languages all with unique customs and
religions.
3. the topography of the country
4. the absence of enough good roads
Educational Decree 1863
 The first educational system for students in the
country
 the decree required the government to provide school
institutions for boys and girls in every town -- the
Spanish schools started accepting Filipino students
 Itwas during this time when the intellectual Filipinos
emerged.
 The Normal School was also established which gave men
the opportunity to study a three-year teacher
education for the primary level.
Education during the Spanish Regime and
Its Colonial Effects to the Filipinos
 The withholding of the Filipinos to learn other bodies
of knowledge (the teaching of Mathematics and
Science) were neglected.
 In entirety, education during the Spanish regime was
privileged only to Spanish students (the Filipinos
became followers to the Spaniards in their own
country)
 Filipinos became cronies, to the extent that even
their life styles were patterned from the Spaniards.
Several educated Filipinos referred to as ilustrados began
movements directed towards change in the system of
government in the Philippines. Despite their wealth and
education, the ilustrados were still considered by the
Spaniards to be inferior. One of the goals of the
ilustrados was to be in the same level with the proud
Spaniards. The growing number of ilustrados in the
Philippines maybe considered one of the major effects of
education by the Spaniards in the Philippines.
FIRST REPUBLIC
FIRST REPUBLIC
 Aguinaldo’s Republic under a Revolutionary Government
 Schools maintained by Spain were temporary closed, but
reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of Interior.
 The Burgos Institute (the country’s first law school), the
Academia Militar (the country’s first military academy),
and the Literary University of the Philippines were
established.
 A system of free and compulsory elementary education
was established by the Malolos Constitution.
AMERICAN REGIME
1899-1943
AMERICAN REGIME
 An improved public school system was established
during the first decade of American rule (Schurman
Commission)
 Freeprimary instruction that trained the people of
the duties of citizenship and avocation (Taft
Commission per instructions of President William
McKinley)
 Chaplains and non-commissioned officers were
assigned to teach using English as the medium of
instruction.
A highly centralized public school system was installed in
1901 by the Philippine Commission virtue of Act No. 74
 In August 1901, more than 1000 teachers called
"Thomasites" from the United States arrived
 In 1902, the Philippine Commission established the high
school system
 In1908, the Philippine Legislative approved Act No. 1870,
which created the University of the Philippines
 The Commonwealth provided free education in public
schools all over the country (1935 constitution)
Impacts on Education:
1. Education also emphasized nationalism so the students
were taught about the life of the Filipino heroes.
2. Vocational education and some household activities like
sewing, cooking, and farming were also given
importance
3. Good manners and discipline were also taught to the
students.
4. In 1941, the total number of students studying in the
400 private schools in the country reached 10,000.
5. Education focused: democracy and formation of good
citizens including the rights and responsibilities of the
people
6. Education allowed the Americans to spread or share
their culture, particularly the English language
7. Volunteer Filipino soldiers became the first teachers
of the Filipinos. Part of their mission was to build
classrooms in every place where they were assigned.
8. Every child from age 7 was required to register in
schools located in their own town or province.
9. The students were given free school materials.
10. Elementary – 4 primary years and 3 intermediate
years
Secondary or high school level - 4 years
College or tertiary level
11. There was also the existence of "Adult Education" in
order to give formal education even to adults.
JAPANESE REGIME
1943-1946
JAPANESE REGIME
 Japanese educational policies were embodied in
Military order No. 2 in 1942.
 The Philippine Executive Commission established the
Commission of Education, Health and Public Welfare
and schools were reopened in June 1942.
 OnOctober 14, 1943, the Japanese - sponsored Republic
created the Ministry of Education.
 The teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History, and
Character Education was reserved for Filipinos.
 OnFebruary 27, 1945, the Department of Instruction
was made part of the Department of Public Instruction.
The government made some changes in the system of
education in February 1942. These changes were:
1. To stop depending on western countries like the U.S.,
and Great Britain -- promote and enrich the Filipino
culture
2. To recognize that the Philippines is a part of the Greater
East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere so that the Philippines
and Japan will have good relations
3. To be aware of materialism to raise the morality of the
Filipinos
4. To learn and adopt Nihongo (the Japanese Language)
and to stop using the English language
5. To spread elementary and vocational education
6. To develop love for work
THIRD REPUBLIC
THIRD REPUBLIC
 In1947, by the virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the
Department of Instruction was changed to the
Department of Education.
 The regulation and supervision of public and private
schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private
Schools
FOURTH REPUBLIC
FOURTH REPUBLIC
 On January 17, 1973, President Marcos ratified the
1973 Constitution by Proclamation of 1102
 The Three Fundamental Aims of Education in the 1973
Constitution:
1. Foster love for country
2. Teach the duties of citizenship
3. Develop moral character, self discipline, and
scientific, technological and vocational efficiency
The Education Act of 1982
 providedan integrated system of education covering
both formal and non-education at all levels
 Created the Ministry of Education , Culture, and Sports
 Section 29 – quality education
 Section16 and 17 – upgraded the obligations and
qualifications for teachers and administrators
 Section41 – government financial assistance to the
private schools
FIFTH REPUBLIC
FIFTH REPUBLIC
 On February 2, 1987, a new Constitution for the
Philippines was ratified
1987 Constitution
 Section3, Article XIV – the ten fundamental aims of
education in the Philippines
(https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-
constitution/#article-xiv)
 Section
2 (2), Article XIV – only elementary school is
compulsory
 In 1987 by the virtue of Executive Order No. 117 – the Ministry
of Education, Culture and Sports became the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports. The structure of DECS as
embodied in the order remained practically unchanged until
1994.
 On May 26, 1988, the Congress of the Philippines enacted the
Republic Act 6655, the Free Public Secondary Education of
1988, which mandated free public secondary education
commencing in the school year 1988-1989.
 On February 3, 1992, the Congress enacted Republic Act 7323,
which provided that students aged 15-25 may be employed
during Christmas and summer vacation with salary not lower
than the minimum wage (60% of the wage is to be paid by the
employer and 40% is by the government).
 The Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM)
report 1991 recommended the division of DECS into three
parts.
Trifocal System of Education in the Philippines
1. OnMay 18, 1994, the Congress passed R.A. 7722, the
Higher Education Act of 1994 – creating the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED), which assumed the Bureau of
Higher Education, and supervises tertiary education
2. On August 25, 1994, the Congress passed R.A. 7796,
the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of
1994 – creating the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA), which absorbed the
Bureau of Technical-Vocational Education plus the
National Manpower and Youth Council, and supervises
non-degree technical vocational programs
3. DECS retained responsibility for all elementary and
secondary education
2000s
2000s
 In August 2001, R.A. 9155, otherwise called the
Governance of Basic Education Act – transformed the
name of DECS to Department of Education and
redefined the role of field offices (regional offices,
division offices, district offices, and schools)
 The goal of basic education is to provide the school age
population and young adults with skills, knowledge and
values to become caring, self-reliant, productive and
patriotic citizens.
2010 AND THE K-12
PROGRAM
2010 AND THE K-12 PROGRAM
 On May 12, 2013, The Congress of the Philippines enacted
the R.A. 10533 known as The Enhanced Basic Education Act
of 2013. This law mandated that the basic education
program encompasses at least one year of kindergarten
education, six years of elementary education, four years
junior high school, and two years senior high school.
 TheK to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of
basic education -to provide sufficient time for mastery of
concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare
graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills
development, employment, and entrepreneurship
 Senior High School is two years of specialized upper
secondary education; students may choose a specialization
based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The
choice of career track will define the content of the
subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS
subjects fall under either the Core Curriculum or specific
Tracks.
 CORE CURRICULUM
 Thereare seven Learning Areas under the Core Curriculum.
These are Languages, Literature, Communication,
Mathematics, Philosophy, Natural Sciences, and Social
Sciences. Current content from some General Education
subjects are embedded in the SHS curriculum.
 TRACKS
 Eachstudent in Senior High School can choose among three
tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and
Sports and Arts. The Academic track includes three strands:
Business, Accountancy, Management (BAM); Humanities,
Education, Social Sciences (HESS); and Science, Technology,
Engineering, Mathematics (STEM).
 Students undergo immersion, which may include earn-
while-you-learn opportunities, to provide them relevant
exposure and actual experience in their chosen track.
NON-FORMAL
EDUCATION
Formal Education
- systematic and deliberate process of hierarchically
structured and sequential learning corresponding to the
general concept of elementary and secondary level of
schooling.
Informal Education
- a lifelong process of learning by which every person
acquires and accumulates knowledge, skills, attitudes and
insights from daily experiences at home, at work, at play
and from life itself.
Non-formal Education (NFE)
- refers to any organized, systematic educational activity
carried outside the framework of the formal system to
provide selected types of learning to a segment of the
population.
Legal Foundations of the NFE
1. 1987 Philippine Constitution
➢The State shall protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education accessible to
all. (Art. XIV, Sec 1, 1987 Phil. Constitution)
2. RA 9155 (The Governance Act of Basic Education)
➢This law recognized the ALS as a complement of
formal education and a major component of basic
education
3. EO No. 356 (Renaming BNFE to BALS)
➢Aside from renaming the bureau, this law also directed
BALS to provide a systematic and flexible approach to
reach all types learners outside the school system.

4. Education for All Plan 2015

➢One of its main goals is to transform all non formal and
informal education interventions into an ALS to yield
more EFA benefits.
Who Finances NFE?
1. Bureau of Alternative Learning System
2. Local Government Units
3. Non-government Organizations
4. Private Groups/Donors
MAJOR TYPES OF NFE PROGRAMS
1. BASIC LITERACY PROGRAM
➢This aims to provide illiterate out-of-school children,
youth and adults the basic literacy.

2. ACCREDITATION & EQUIVALENCY PROGRAM ➢This aims

to provide learners a range of alternative pathways in
order that they may continue their learning outside of
the formal school system and upgrade their skills and
competencies and functional literacy.
3. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S EDUCATION
➢This aims to develop ALS intervention that is
acceptable to the IP’s in general and specific IP
communities.

4. MADRASAH EDUCATION
➢This program aims to foster better understanding
between the migrant Muslims and their host
communities.
Assignment:
 Research and read the History and Structure
of the Department of Education (DepEd)
https://www.deped.gov.ph/about-
deped/history/