number AND algebra Number and place value

Worked Example 19
3
2 a5
Simplify 2 .
d
Think Write
3
1 Write the problem. 2a 5
d 2
21 3 a 5 3
2 Simplify using the Fourth Index Law for each =
term inside the grouping symbols. d2 3
2 a15
3
=
d6
3 8a15
Calculate the coefficient. =
d6

remember

1. The Fourth Index Law states that when a power is raised to another power, the indices
are multiplied. That is, (am)n = am n.
2. Every variable and every number inside the brackets should have its index multiplied
by the power outside the brackets. That is,
(a b) m = a m b m
m
a am
b = b m
3. Any number or variable that does not appear to have an index really has an index of one;
that is, 2 = 21, a = a1.

Exercise
3e Fourth Index Law (raising a power to
Individual another power)
Pathways
Fluency
eBook plus
1 WE17 Simplify each of the following leaving your answers in index form.
Activity 3-E-1
Mammal dot to dot A
a (32)3 b (68)10 c (1125)4
doc-6848 d (512)12 e (32 103)4 f (13 173)5
10 2
Activity 3-E-2 33 7e 5
Mammal dot to dot B g h (3w9q2)4 i
r 2q 4
doc-6849 22
Activity 3-E-3
Mammal dot to dot C 2 WE18 Simplify each of the following.
doc-6850
a (p4)2 (q3)2 b (r5)3 (w3)3 c (b5)2 (n3)6
d (j6)3 (g4)3 e (q2)2 (r4)5 f (h3)8 (j2)8
g (f4)4 (a7)3 h (t5)2 (u4)2 i (i3)5 (j2)6
3 Simplify each of the following.
a (23)4 (24)2 b (t7)3 (t3)4 c (a4)0 (a3)7
d (b6)2 (b4)3 e (e7)8 (e5)2 f (g7)3 (g9)2
g (3a2)4 (2a6)2 h (2d7)3 (3d2)3 i (10r12)4 (2r3)2

Chapter 3 Index laws 63

 number AND algebra Number and place value

eBook plus
4 a MC What does (p7)2 p2 equal?
A p7 B p12 C p16 D p4.5 E p11
Digital doc
Spreadsheet ( w 5 ) 2 ( p 7 )3
Raising a b What does equal?
power to ( w 2 ) 2 ( p3 ) 5
another power A w2p6 B (wp)6 C w14p36 D w2p2 E w6p19
doc-2162
c What does (r6)3 (r4)2 equal?
A r3 B r4 C r8 D r10 E r12

eBook plus
5 Simplify each of the following.
a (a3)4 (a2)3 b (m8)2 (m3)4 c (n5)3 (n6)2
Interactivity
d (b ) (b )
4 5 6 2
e (f7)3 (f2)2 f (g8)2 (g5)2
Indices
int-2360 (c6 ) 5
g (p9)3 (p6)3 h (y4)4 (y7)2 i
(c 5 ) 2
( f 5 )3 (k 3 )10 ( p12 )3
j k l
( f 2 )4 (k 2 )8 ( p10 )2
6 WE19 Simplify each of the following.
2 2 3
3b 4 5h10 2k 5
a 3 b c 8
d 2 j 2 3t
2 3 4
7 p9 5y 7 4 a3
d 22 e 13 f 5
8q 3z 7c

Understanding

7 Simplify each of the following using the index laws.

a g3 2g5 b 2p6 4p2 c (w3)6
d 12x 2x
6 e (2d3)2 f 5a6 3a2 a2
14 x8
g 15s8 5s2 h 4bc6 3b3 5c2 i
7x4
16u6 v 5
j (f 4g3)2 k l x2y4 xy3
6u3 v
m 5a6b2 a2 3ab3 n x y4 xy3
2 o (4p2q5)3
8 Simplify each of the following, giving your answer in index form.
4 x 5 3x
a (w3)4 w2 b c (2a3)2 3a5
2x4
(2k 3 ) 2
d 12x6 2x 3x5 e 2d3 + d2 + 5d3 f
4k 4
4 p5
g h 15s8t3 5s2t2 2st4 i 12b4c6 3b3 4c2
p4 6p
(3 p3 )2 4 p7
j (f 4g3)2 - fg3 f 7g3 k l 2(x2y)4 8xy3
eBook plus 2( p4 )3
Digital doc m 5a6b2 + a2 3a4b2 n 24x2y4 12xy3 - xy
WorkSHEET 3.2
doc-6852 4 p2 q 7 (3 p3 q)2
o reflection
Weblink 6( pq)3 p5 q 4
Multiplying How will you remember to raise all coefficients
numbers in to the power outside the brackets?
index form

64 Maths Quest 8 for the Australian Curriculum