Parts of Speech

-
Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology

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Chapter 1

Nouns

A. Countable Noun a , an
two, three, four, etc.
two tables, three pencils
Countable Nouns 2
1. Common Nouns () city,
baby, man, desk, ect..
2. Collective Nouns () herd, flock,
bunch, etc.
Collective Nouns family, group, committee, class , jury, cabinet, etc.....
(unit)
(individual)
The committee has agreed on a plan. ()
The committee have not agreed on the plan. (
)
Collective Nouns Common Nouns

an army of soldiers () a bunch of keys(grapes) ()

a band of musicians()
a crowd of people ()
a staff of teachers ()
a shoal of fish ()
a series of books ()
a fleet of ships ()
a gang of robbers ()
a cluster of stars ()
a hive of bees ()
a bouquet of flowers ()
etc.
a heap of stones ()
a team of football-players(
)
a flock of sheep ()
a set of cards ()
a pair of shoes ()
a group of boys ()
a herd of deer ()
a basket of fruit ()
a tribe of people ()
a range of mountains ()

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B. Uncountable Nouns article

the
1. Mass Nouns ( material nouns)
(quantity) (number) water , air, meat ,coffee ,sugar
,salt, pork, ink, chalk, paper, butter, flour, rice,etc.

Mass Nouns
a) article

She drinks milk every morning.
Water is neccessary for life.
b)

a bowl of ------- rice , sugar
a bottle of ------- ink, milk, water, beer
a cup of ------- tea , coffee
a bar of -------- soap ,chocolate
a jug of ---------water , milk
a tube of -------- toothpaste
a tin of -------- jam
a jar of ------- jam , water , honey
a sheet (piece) of ------ paper
an item of ---------- news
a piece of --------- news , furniture , information
a slice (piece) of --------- bread , ham
a loaf of -------------- bread
a kilo (pound) of -------- sugar , cheese , steak, etc.
? s , es "of"
two pounds of sugar
five pieces of paper
c) much , a lot of, plenty of, a great deal of, little , a little

There is plenty of cheese in that shop.
much salt
little rice
a little tea
a lot of coffee
a great deal of steak

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2. Abstract Nouns ()
a) (state) poverty , richness, pleasure , etc
b) (quality) beauty , honesty, kindness , cleverness, etc.
c) (action) movement , flight , revenge , etc.
article the

1. a) Air is necessary for life.
b) The air in this room is fresh.
2. a) Books are good friends.
b) The books in the library was all new

The plural of nouns ()

1. s es

Singular Plural Meaning

boat boats
hat hats
house houses
river rivers
chair chairs
boy boys
girl girls
computer computers
car cars

2. y y y i es

Singular Plural
cry cries
fly flies
candy candies
city cities
lady ladies
baby babies
party parties
Note: y s

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day days
key keys
monkey monkeys

3. o o es

Singular Plural
tomato tomatoes
mango mangoes
potato potatoes
pamelo pameloes
hero heroes

Note: o s
Singular Plural
zoo zoos
radio radios
studio studios

o s
photo
piano
casino

4.

Singular Plural
woman women
man men
child children
knife knives
tooth teeth
foot feet
bus buses
person people
leaf leaves
wife wives
life lives
loaf loaves ()
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box boxes
kiss kisses
glass glasses
cactus cacti
fungus fungi
nucleus nuclei
syllabus syllabi
thesis theses
crisis crises
phenomenon phenomena
criterion criteria

5.

Singular Plural
sheep sheep
fish fish
species species
deer deer

6.

Examples:
news
The news is on at 6.30 p.m.
athletics:
Athletics is good for young people.
liguistics:
Linguistics is the study of language.
darts
Darts is a popular game in England.

7.

trousers:
My trousers are too tight.

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jeans:
Her jeans are black.
glasses:
Those glasses are his.
scissors
shorts
thanks
stairs
congratulations
wages
spectacles
goods

Countable and Uncountable Nouns ()

1.Countable nouns ()
a.
one dog
a cat
six men
a house

b.
three dogs
ten ducks
a woman
the shops.

2. Uncountable nouns ()
a.
tea
sugar
water
air
rice
food

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milk
snow
dust
wood
hair
money
meat
coffee

b.
richness
movement
beauty
love
knowledge

Compound Nouns ()

1.noun +noun
girl + friend = girlfriend
traffic + lights =traffic lights
noun + verb
head + ache = headache

2. verb + noun
work + man = workman

3. noun + verb
hair + cut = haircut

4. verb + prep.
hold + up = holdup

5. adj.+ noun
green +house = greenhouse
quick + silver = quicksilver

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Proper Nouns ()
Capital letters
:

1.
Somchai
the President of the United States

2
Death in Venice, The Barber of Seville

3.
Monday, October, Easter

4.
Thai cooking, a German car

5.
French Alps, the Nile , the Atlantic

6.
Main Street, Central Park, Silom Road

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Chapter 2

Pronouns
Pronoun ( ) ( nouns- equivalent )

(pronouns ) 7

Personal Pronoun ( ) I, you, we, he , she ,it, they

Possessive Pronoun ( ) mine, yours, his, hers, its,theirs,
ours
Reflexive Pronouns ( ) - self myself,
yourself,ourselves
Definite Pronoun ( Demonstrative Pronouns
) this, that, these, those, one, such, the same
Indefinite Pronoun ( ) all, some, any, somebody,
something, someone
Interrogative Pronoun ( ) Who, Which, What
Relative pronoun ( ) who, which, that

1. Personal Pronouns () 3

1 I, we
2 you
3 he, she. it , they

Possessive Form Reflexive

Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
I me my mine myself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
they them their theirs themselves

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I saw a boy on the bus. He seemed to recognize me.

( He a boy me I )
My friend and her brother like to swim. They swim whenever they can.

( they My friend her brother 1 )

Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronoun ( preposition )

Please tell him what you want. ( tell )

Mr. Wilson talked with him about the project.
( with )

verb to be

It was she who came here yesterday.

( she )
It was her whom you met at the party last night.
( her you met )

2. Possessive Pronouns ( )

mine,ours, yours, his, hers,its,theirs

The smallest gift is mine.

This is yours.
His is on the kitchen counter.
Theirs will be delivered tomorrow.
Ours is the green one on the table .

Possessive pronouns possessive adjectives

This is my book.
( my possessive adjective book )
This book is mine.

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( mine possessive pronoun (

complement) is)

3. Reflexive Pronouns ()
-self form of pronoun
myself. yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, ourselves. themselves, itself

(object )

She herself doesn't think she'll get the job.
The film itself wasn't very good but I like the
music.
I spoke to Mr.Wilson himself.


They blamed themselves for the accident.
( blamed )
You are not yourself today.
( are )
I don't want you to pay for me. I'll pay for myself.

Julia had a great holiday. She enjoyed herself very much.

George cut himself while he was shaving this morning.

wash/shave/dress
myself

Who repaired your bicycle for you? Nobody, I
repaired it myself.
.
I'm not going to do it for you. You can do it yourself.
( )

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By myself on my own

on ( my/your/his/ her/ its/our/their ) own

by ( myself/yourself ( singular) /himself/ herself/ itself/ ourselves/
yourselves(plural)/ themselves )

I like living on my own/by myself.
Did you go on holiday on your own/by yourself?
Learner drivers are not allowed to drive on their own/ by themselves.

Jack was sitting on his own/by himself in a corner of the cafe.

4. Definite Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns

this, that, these, those, one, ones, such, the same, the former, the latter

That is incredible! ()
I will never forget this. ()
Such is my belief. ( )
Grace and Jane are good girls. The former is more beautiful than the latter.
() ()

5. Indefinite Pronouns ()

everyone everybody everything some each

someone somebody all any many
anyone anybody anything either neither
no one nobody nothing none one
more most enough few fewer
little several more much less

Everybody loves somebody.

Is there anyone here by the name of Smith?
One should always look both ways before crossing the street.

Nobody will believe him.
Little is expected.

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We, you, they personal pronoun indefinite pronoun

We should prepare ourselves to deal with any emergency. ( )

)
You sometimes don't know what to say in such a situation.
.

6. Interrogative Pronouns () Who,

Whom, What, Which Whoever, Whomever, Whatever, Whichever

Who want to see the dentist first? ? (who

)
Whom do you think we should invite? ? (whom
- object )
To whom do to wish to speak? ? (whom - object )
What did she say? ? (what say )
Which is your cat? ? (which )
Which of these languages do you speak fluently?
? (which speak )

which what interrogative adjective who, whom ,

which relative pronoun

7. Relative Pronouns ()
who,
whom, which, what, that, indefinite relative pronouns whoever, whomever,
whichever, whatever

Children who (that) play with fire are in great danger of harm.
The book that she wrote was the best-seller
He's the man whose car was stolen last week.
She will tell you what you need to know.
The coach will select whomever he pleases.
Whoever cross this line will win the race?
You may eat whatever you like at this restaurant.

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Chapter 3

Adjectives

Adjective
1. Descriptive Adjective young, rich,
new, god, black, clever, happy
2. Possessive Adjective my, your, his, her, their, our, its
3. Quantitativt Adjective some, half, little,
enough
4. Numeral Adjective -
one, two, first, many
5. Demonstrative Adjective this, that, these, those
6. Interrogative Adjective which, whose, what

- Which way shall we go?
- Whose dictionary is this?
7. Proper Adjective

which way shall we go?
8. Distributive Adjective each, every, either, neither

(Positions of Adjective)
1. Adjective
* Peter wears a black suit.
* Tom is a good guy.
2. Verb to be Linking Verbs
* The traffic is terrible at 5 oclock on Friday.
* He felt tired.

Linking Verb subject adjective
taste , smell , turn , keep , feel , appear , grow , get , become , go , look
, seem , sound
* The soup tastes good.
* The rose smells sweet.
* Uncles hair turns grey.

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Adjective ( Verb to be Linking

Verbs)
main () only ()
upper () former ()
chief () inner ()
outer () principal ()
indoor () outdoor ()
elder () eldest ()
drunken () wooden ()
golden ()

Adjectives
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Article Ordinal Cardinal Quality Size Age Shape Color Participle Origin Material Noun
demonstrative () () () () () () () (v.3/v.ing) () ()
possessive
the first two cute - young - - - - - ladies
- - many delicious big - - green - Chinese - apples
a - - - small - - blue - - plastic chair
those - four - big - - black - - - rocks
the - - - - old square - broken French wooden table
his third - - - - - - boring - - job
adjective

(Adjective) (Noun)
(Pronoun)

He is good boy.

good adjective boy
There are ten books on the table.

ten adjective book

This is a large house.
large adjective house

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Adjective

adjective 2

1. Adjective adjective

Adjective adjective Descriptive

adjective adjective

1.1. one, two, three, four, five, six, seven etc.

1.2. the first, the second, the third, the fourth, etc.
1.3. his, her, my, your, its, our, their etc.
1.4. , , , large, tall, fat, thin, small etc.
1.5. good, bad, lovely, nice etc.
1.6. white, silken, Thai, English, German etc.
2. Adjective

Adjective

Adjective (Noun) Command Noun

a school boy (school adjective boy

)
a music show (music show
adjective)
a college student (college student
college adjective)
2.2 Adjective Non-finite Verb Participle

2.2.1 Present Participle Adjective V.ing

a crying boy (crying Present Participle boy
crying adjective )
a singing lady (singing Present Participle lady

singing adjective)
a reading lamp (reading Present Participle lamp

reading adjective)

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2.2.2 Past Participle adjective Verb 3 Verb ed

a frighted cat (frighted Past Participle cat

frighted adjective)
a punished student (punished Past Participle student

punished adjective)
a repaired radio (repaired Past Participle radio

repaired adjective)
a broken chair (broken Past Participle chair

broken adjective)
2.2.3 Perfect Participle adjective Perfect Participle Phrase
Present Participle Past
Participle 2

having + Verb 3
Having drunk six cans of beer, Wichai handed his car-key to his friend.

( Perfect Participle


Present
Participle Past Participle )

Having been exhausted for a long time, the tourists went to sleep immediately.

( Perfect Participle


Participle
Present Participle Past Participle
)

2.3 Adjective adjective Noun,

adverb Past Participle ed ( Past Participle)
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a four-door car. We have a four-door car.

a two-storey house This is a two-storey house.

a fifty-dollar note This is a fifty-dollar note. 50

a well-dressed lady She is a well-dressed lady.

a carefully-written report This is a carefully-written report.

an absent-minded man He is an absent-minded man.

Adjective

1. Adjective (Adjective of Quality)

good, bad, white, blue, German, Indian

Somrak is a good boxer.

The sky is blue.

He is a German sailor.

2. Adjective (Adjective of Quantity)

little, much, enough, no

She drinks a little milk.

We dont have much time.

I have enough money to spend.

It has no meaning.

3. Adjective
(Demonstrative Adjective) this,
that, those, these

This boy is taller than that.

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These students like to study English.

Those pictures are mine.

4. Adjective
(Distributive Adjective)
each, every, neither

Each student wants to pass the exam.

Every boy likes to play football.

Either side may win the race.

Neither charge has been proved.

5. Adjective
(Interrogative Adjective)
what, which, whose

What kind of book is it?

Which way should we follow?

Whose house is that?

1. Adjective ful, less, some, ish, y, en, em, ly, ous,

able, ible, like, ic. al
Noun Adjective
harm harmful
beauty beautiful
trouble troublesome
quarrel quarrelsome
north northern
day daily
glory glorious
duty dutiable, dutiful
sense sensible
talent talented
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2. Adjective (Verb)
Verb Adjective
talk talkative
prevent preventive
destroy destructive
close close
run running
3. Adjective
Adjective Adjective
red reddish
comic comical
glad gladsome
good goodly
tasty tasteful

(Position of Adjective)

1.
a nice boy
a poor man
a beautiful girl
a shot eye
He is a rich man.
The warm sun melted the deep snow.
The new secretary doesnt like me.
A long road leads to the old house.
A brave soldier was awarded a medal.
2. Helping Verb ( V. to be ) Linking Verb ()
taste, get, become, remain, grow, feel, look, appear, seem, smell, turn, keep, sound, etc.
The boy feels happy.
He looks pleased.
The orange tastes sour.
She keeps the roses fresh.
That dress is new.
It doesnt smell good.
It is getting dark.
He becomes famous.

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Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
good =
bad =
tall =
short =
beautiful =
clever =
fat =
thin =
dirty =
white =

Adjective 2

1.
The fat man can't run quickly.
(fat man )
A clever boy can answer a difficult problem.
()

2. Verb to be
Somsri is beautiful. Manu is tall.

My gather is short. My dog is black.

Adjective 1 2 Adjective
Adjective
2
1. Adjective
:-sorry =
afraid =
well =
alive =
ashamed =
worth =
awake =

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ill =
alike =
asleep =
aware =
alone =
content =
unable = : -
: This boy is sorry.

: This is a sorry boy.

: That girl is afraid.

: That is an afraid girl.

: I am well.

: I am a well man.

: Wilai is ill.

: Wilai is an ill girl.

2. Adjective
Verb to be : -
former =
latter =
inner =
outer =
upper =
elder =
drunken =
middle =
entire =
letter =
wooden =
golden =

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neighboring =
especial =

: Burma is a neighboring country.

: Burma is neighboring.

: She met a drunken teacher.

: The teacher was drunken.

3. Adjective (Compound Pronoun)

: -
someone everybody no one
something everywhere nothing
somebody anyone nobody
somewhere anybody nowhere
everyone anything :-
I'll tell you something important.
(: Ill tell you important something.)
There's nothing new for us to do.
(: There's new nothing for us to do.)

4. Adjective ( )
This river is two hundred miles long.
200
( : This river is long two hundred miles.)
This mountain is five hundred feet high.
500
( : This mountain is high five hundred feet)

5. Adjective 2

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Adjective and :-
He is a witty and wise teacher.
He is a teacher, witty and wise.

Somsak bought a new, powerful, and expensive car.

somsak bought a car, new, powerful, and expensive.

6. Adjective
( Adjective

the :-
King Naresuan, the great.

Ivan, the Terrible.

Kukrit, the wise of Siam.
, Adjective

Adjective 8

1. Descriptive Adjective
2. Proper Adjective
3. Quantitative Adjective
4. Numberal Adjective
5. Demonstrative Adjective
6. Possessive Adjective
7. Interrogative Adjective
8. Distributive Adjective

2.1 Descriptive Adjective

good , gat , bad , tall , short , white , thin , rich , poor , etc.

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The rich man lives in the big house.

2.2 Proper Adjective

Proper Noun

(proper (proper
Noun) Adjective)
England English
America American
Thailand Thai
India Indian
Germany German
Italy Italian
Japan Japanese
China Chinese

2.3 Quantitative Adjective

much, many, little, some, any, all
He has many friends.

I have much money.

Please give me some money.

All boys stand up.

2.4 Numberal Adjective

one , two , tree , ...... , etc.

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She has two books. Daeng has friends.

2 10
I have few cars. The first girl is tall.
2-3

2.5 Demonstrative Adjective

the same, this, that, these, those, such, such a,

This man is my brother. That woman is my mother.

I never say such things. He is in the same room.

2.6 Possessive Adjective

3
my, your, our, his, her, its, their,

This is my house. His dog is white.

Her hands are very clean. That is your suitcase.

2.7 Interrogative Adjective

What,
Which, Whose

What book is he reading? Which book do you like?

? ?
Whose ruler is this? Whose house is that?
? ?

2.8 Distributive Adjective

each () either () neither
() every ()

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Each student is writing his name. Either bank is flooded.

Neither school is close to my house. Every girl puts a hat on her head.

Adjective
Adjective 8
(Adjective)
"" 8





1. (noun) Adjective
They study at Suan Kularb school every day.

(Suan Kularb Adjective school)

2. Apostrophe's Adjective

Daeng's house was built in Bangkok last year.

(Daeng's Adjective house)

3. Infinitive

This is the book to read.
(to read Infinitive Adjective book)

4. Participle

The standing boy is afraid of the running dod.

(standing,running Participle boy,dog )
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5. Gerund ing Adjective

We have a swimming pool near the school.

(swimming Gerund pool)

6. Adjective Clause Adjective

The boy who is learning English is my brother.

(who is learning English boy )

WORD ORDER

Word order Word order

Position of Adjectives

1 Pointing word 3
. Articles a, an, the
. Demonstrative Adjectives this, that, these, those
. Possessive Adjectives my, your, her, his
2 Quantity 3
. Ordinal number first, second, third,
. Cardinal number two, three, four,
. Indefinite adjectives some, many, few, a lot of

3 Size big, large, small, tall

4 Quality good, bad, beautiful
5 Colour red, blue, white
6 Nationality Thai, Burmese
7 Material silk, leather , steal
8 Noun skirt, cat, purse

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Adjective Adjective

1. He is reading an English newspaper in his room.

2. Some people have much money but never happy.
3. This car was bought from Japan last month.
4. Six boys are playing football in the field.
5. They love their teacher very much.
6. Which pencil do you like best?
7. I like to read the Thai literature every day.
8. Either bank is flooded.
9. Every girl has her lunch at school.
10. She has many friends in America.

Adjective

1. Even he was (asleep, sleeping) but his brain seemed to be at work.

2. Today John is (good, well) so he smiles all time.
3. A (good, well) student must be at school every day.
4. We live in the (wooded, wood) houses.
5. I saw the (awake, waking) boy in the house last night.
6. A (ill, sick) man can't work hard.
7. He is my (older, elder) brother working with this company.

Adjective

1. (................) Seri is tall six feet.

2. (................) This road is twenty feet wide.
3. (................) She is sixteen years old.
4. (................) Is there necessary anything to do?
5. (................) I here is nothing important for us to see.
6. (................) The wise John is coming here soon.
7. (................) We love Napoleon, the Great.
8. (................) Burma is our neighboring country.
9. (................) Isabella is a well girl.
10. (................) I am a short teacher.
11. (................) David is interested in new something.
12. (................) They are twenty years old.

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Chapter 4

Verbs

Types ()

(Action) (being)
(state of being)
,
He eats He is a boy. He seemed tired.
He went home She has a beautiful house. This cake tastes good.

1. (Object) 2

1.1 Transitive Verbs () He bought a

book. ( a book )
1.2 Intransitive Verbs () He arrived late.

2. (Main Verbs) (Auxiliary Verbs)

2.1 Main Verbs ( ) He

went to Australia last year.
2.2 Auxiliary Verbs ( ) He has gone to
Australia.

3. ( Finite Verbs) ( Non-finite Verbs)

Finite Verbs ( )
Subject , Tense, Voice Mood
Subject Tense
I go to school every day He goes to school every day
He goes to school every day He went to school yesterday
They go to school every day He's going to school tomorrow
Voice Mood
Someone killed the snake. ( Active ) I recommend that he see a doctor.
The snake was killed . ( Passive ) ( he sees )
If I were you, I would not do it. ( I was )
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Non-finite Verbs ( ) Verbal

3

a. Infinitives 1 to noun ,
adjective adverb

He lacked the strength to resist.

( to resist adjective)
We must study to learn.
( to learn adverb)
b. Gerunds ing ( noun )

They do not appreciate my singing.

( singing )
I like swimming.
. ( swimming like )
c. Participles ing 3 ( Adjective
) 2

* Present Participles ing

The crying baby had a wet diaper.
( crying baby )

* Past Participles 3
The broken bottle is on the floor.

4. (conjugation)

Regular Verbs ( ) ed past past participle

walk walked walked

stop stopped Stopped
work worked worked

Irregular Verbs ( ) past past participle

send sent sent

go went Gone
see saw seen
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Chapter 5

Adverbs

Adverbs () (verb) , (adjective)

(adverb)

Adverb
1. (verbs)
She walks clumsily. ()
v. adv.

2. (adjective)
She is very cute.
adv. adj.

3. (adverbs)
That dog runs very quickly.
adv. adv.

Adverbs

1. Adverb of Manner adverb

How? hard = , fast = , happily =

1. I run quickly.
2. She looks at me angrily.
* Adverb of Manner

-ly adjective adjective y y a , e , o , u

y i -ly
good well
adjective adverb hard , fast , late , early

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2. Adverb of Degree very = , quite = , rather =

, almost = , extremely = , too =

1. It's very loud.
2. adverb She sings very sweetly.

3. Adverb of Place up , down , here , there

Jim came here yesterday.
We have to go there. ()
Please bring then inside.

4. Adverb of Frequency
sometimes

always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
never

Examples: Sandy always goes to school early.

Mary usually cooks dinner.
We often drink milk.
I never go to London.
Sometimes I eat pizza for lunch.

5. Adverb of time When Tonight () , during winter (

) , early () , tomorrow () , yesterday () , soon ()

I will go to London next week.

Tomorrow I will fly to Italy.

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Adverbs

1. He worked carefully in the office every day last year.

(M) (P) (F) (T)
2. My sun sometimes went go to school by bike last month

M = Manner
P = Place
F = Frequency
F = Time

Adverb Adverb

The old woman walks slowly.
(slowly Adverb walks)

Saensak is very strong.
(very Adverb strong)

The train runs very fast.
(very Adverb Adverb "fast")

Averb
Adverb 3
1. Simple Adverb =
2. Interrogative Adverb=
3. Conjunctive Adverb=

Simple Adverb

Simple Adverb
Simple adverb 6
1. Adverb of Time now, ago, then, already, soon, late,
before, after, since, yesterday, tomorrow, today, every day, every week, etc.

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I must go now.
Somsri bought a book yesterday.

2. Adverb of Place near, far, in, out, here, there, inside,

outside, outside, etc,
He goes there twice a day. 2
We have to stay here today.
The manager has just gone out when you come in.

3. Adverb of Frequency always, often, seldom,

hardly, once, twice, again, sometimes, usually, rarely, frequently, lately, etc.

He always goes to the cinema after school.

4. Adverb of Manner well, slowly, quickly, fast,

probably, certainly, etc.
He speaks Thai well.
Why do you walk so quickly? ?

5. Adverb of Quantity many, much, very, too,

quite, rather, etc,
This question is very easy.
She loves me very much.

6. Adverb of Affirmation or Negation yes, no,

not, not at all
Do you understand me? ? Yes, I do.,
Does he come here every day? ? No, he doesn't. ,

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Interrogative Adverb

1. (Time) When () How long ()

When will he come here again? ? Next Year.
How long have you been here? ? For five years. 5

2. (Place) When ()
Where does he live? ? He lives in Bangkok.
3. (Number How many () How often ()
How often does she come here? ? ()
How many books have he? Ten. ? 10
4. (Manner) How ()
How do you do this?
How does she come here?
5. (Puantity) How much ()
How much do you pay?
How much is it? ?
6. (Reason) Why ()
Why do they go to Hong Kong every day? ?
Why doesn't she love you? ?

Conjunctive Adverb

why, where, when, how, whenever,
while, as, wherever, etc.
comjunctive adverb 2

I know what you did yesterday. (what conjunctive
adverb)
He knows how I go there. (how conjunctive adverb)
Do as I told you. (As conjunctive adverb)
He will go wherever she goes. (wherever conjunctive
adverb)
My aunt likes to visit me whenever I am at home. (whenever
conjunctive adverb)
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Adverb

Adverb
1. adverb
Daily ,
Sometimes
Week, month, etc. , ,
2.
here, there, hard, always, well, often, too, very, early, seldom, etc.
3. adverb
to + day = today
to + morrow= tomorrow
in + side= inside
out + side= outside

4. A

a + way= away, ,
a + go= ago
a + bed= abed
a + foot= afoot,
a + live= alive

5. ly
Adverb ly

5.1 Adjective y y y I ly

easy easily
heavy heavily
happy happily
merry merrily
lazy lazily

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5.2 Adjective e e l e y
ly

suitable suitalbly
simple simply
comfortable somfortably

5.3 1-2
(Adverb) ly

bad badly
brave bravely
quick quickly
slow slowly
wise wisely
sad sadly

Adverb Adjective
Adverb Adjective Adverb
Adjective Adverb
Adjective

Adjective Adverb

fast first fair

hard deep long ,
low high right
loud wrong straight
enough short late

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Verb to be, taste, feel, smell,

etc. Adjective Verb to do
Adverb

Adjective Adverb
This is a fast train. This train runs fast.

He is a hard worker. Kriangsak works hard today.

She sings with a low voice. Con you speak low?
?
Danai is the first boy. Danai must go first.

Adverb ly ly

ly
late lately
hard , hardly
direct directly
fair fairly
high highly
near nearly
short shortly

late , lately
Adjective : Daeng was late for his class.
Adverb : They com late.

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Adjective Adverb
1. The weather is..................cold today. (many, much, very, too)
2. She is..................old to work with me. (very, much, little, too)
3. He writes his name..................(well, bad, quick, slow)
4. Don't go to school..................(lately, late, soon)
5. My family lived with each other..................(happy, happily, happiness)
6. It is raining..................to go out. (hardly, hard, hardness)
7. Your answer is very..................(correctly, correct)
8. I..................get up at six o'clock. (usual, usually)
9. The Thai soldiers fought with the Burmese..................(brave, bravely)
10. I..................(hard, hardly)have free time these days.
11. These students go to school..................(late, lately)every day.
12. Isabella has just heard from her husband..................(late, lately)
13. John is a..................(short, shortly)man.

Adjective Adverb
14. That plane flew high over the high mountain.
_____________________.
15. The water in the Chao Phaya River is deep and it runs deep.
_____________________.
16. Lob comes late to class today. He is ten minutes late.
_____________________.
17. Chit must work hard because his work is hard.
_____________________.
18. This is a fast train and it will run fast.
_____________________.
19. Your answer is right because you do it right.
_____________________.
20. His voice is loud so he speaks loud.
_____________________.

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Chapter 6

Prepositions

Preposition
on, in, under, at, between

1.
1.1 (prepositions of place) at, on, in, etc.
Jane is at home.
Henry is on the ship.
The Smiths are in Italy.

1.2 (prepositions of position) above, beneath, behind, in front

of, etc.
There is a big tree in front of Janes house.
Henry is hiding behind the bush.
Peters book is beneath Bills book.

1.3 (prepositions of motion) through, into, towards, out

of, away from, etc.

The train is going through the tunnel.
Peter is walking towards the monument.
Ann is driving into the parking lot.

1.4 (prepositions of direction) up, down, across, along, etc.

Susan is driving up the hill.
Peter is walking across the street.
Jane is walking along Chaeng Watthana Road.

1.5 (prepositions of time) on, in, at, by, after, before, etc.
I play football on Monday.
I will finish the project in a year.
Jane gets up at six oclock.
I arrived before Jim.

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1.6 (prepositions of manner) in, with, without, etc.

Ann speaks in a very low voice.
Peter listened with great interest.
Nobody can live without hope.

1.7 (prepositions of relationship) about, of, with, in, from,

etc.
The children are talking about toys.
Bangkok is the capital of Thailand.
The girl with long hair is my sister.
The boy in the blue suit is my son.

2.

2.1
on in

I study English on Monday.

I started studying English in 1990.
I watch TV in the evening.

2.2

1. approve of () We approve of the new plan.

2. angry at angry with ()
3. satisfied with ()
4. believe in ()
5. depend on ()
6. have faith in ()
7. look at ()
8. look after ()
9. look for ()
10. proud of ()
We are angry at/with John.
We are satisfied with our success.
We believe in God.
We have to depend on our parents.
We have faith in our government.
Tom is looking at a painting.
Jane looks after her aged mother.
Jane is looking for her lost ring.
We are proud of our children.

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in on at

at
at noon
at night
at midday
at six o'clock
at Christmas

at
at first
at once
at last
at lunch time
at present

on
on Sunday
on Monday
on Tuesday
on Wednesday
on Thursday
on Friday
on Saturday

on
on May 1st 1
on Christmas Day
on New Year's day
on holiday
on vacation

in
in the morning
in the afternoon
in the evening

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in
in 2000 2000
in summer
in June 1999 .. 1999
in the 21th century 21
in the past
in time
in the future
in a few months 2-3
in two hours
in a week's time

in on at
at at 224 Mango Street, at 987 Big Elm Road, at 67 Sukhumvit Road

at

at home
at the hospital
at the airport
at the bus station
at the meeting
at the window
at the river
at the concert
at
at work
at best
at will
at least
at loss
at worst
at large

on
on Silom Road
on the way home

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on
on the table
on the ceiling
on the sidewalk
on the floor
on the train
on a bicycle
on the wall
on the coast
on paper

on
on business
on tour
on the radio
on air
on television
on the phone
on purpose
on fire
on the list
on pleasure
on duty
on guard

in
in Chiang Mai
in Asia
in the world
in the army
in the sky
in the river
in the sea
in the parking lot

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during
till, until
before
after
from
from...to ...
from...till ...
between... and ...
by ()

in front of
outside
inside
behind

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Chapter 7

Conjunctions

Conjunction

I study English, but he studies French.

A boy and a girl are dancing.

He comes and stays with me at home.

Conjunction 2
1. Conjunction (Single Conjunction)
2. Conjunction (Conjunction Phrase)

1. Conjunction
and
or
but
so
as
because
for
whether
until
after
before
if
though
that
when
besides

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We study in the morning and play in the afternoon.
He is sick so he goes to see a doctor.

2. Conjunction conjunction
either.....or
neither.....nor
as well as
not only.....but also .....

Either...or 2

Either you or he is punished tonight.
Either he or I am mistaken.

Neither...nor "" 2

Neither her friends nor she speaks Chinese.
Neither you nor he studies mathematics.

as well as "" 2

Manop as well as his friends is playing football.

He as well as I is sick.

Not only...but also "... "

Malisa is not beautiful but also clever.

Wichai is not only stupid but also lazy.

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not only.......but also "" 2

Not only your friends but also your sister wants to see the cinema tonight.

Not only I but also my friends are studying English every day.

Conjunction

and, or, but, as, because, so, until, either...or,

neither...nor, as well as, not noly...but also

1. .............. he or you are to go to see the lawyer this evening.

2. A boy.............. a girl are learning English now.
3. Suchat is..............clever.............. diligent.
4. She is ill..............she goes to hospital.
5. They nust wait..............their parents return here.
6. Prachuab..............his friends is doing his exercises.
7. Although he is a fool..............he is honest to everybody.
8. He is punished..............he was absent for school yesterday.
9. ..............Sak..............his relatives are working in the field.
10. Rice.............. curry is very nice food for Thais.
11. We like him..............he is honest.
12. You..............I are a student of English.
13. Suphat is..............writing.............. speaking.
14. Danai doesn't do his homework..............he is very lazy.
15. She her nother goes to the temple on Sundays.

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Chapter 8

Interjection

(Interjection)

(Exclamation mark) !

Aha! Ahem! All right! Gadzooks!

Gee Whiz! Good! Gosh! Yippee!
Hey! Hooray! Indeed! My Goodness!
Nuts! Oh no! Oops! Ouch!
Phew! Right on! Ugh! Dear me!
Whoopee! Wow! Yikes! Yoo-hoo!
Yuck! Tut! tut! Hey! Pooh!

(Phrase)
Ala! Im sad. Ha! Im happy.
Ah! Im surprised. Ha! Im surprised.
Ah! Im happy. Hurrah! Im exited.
Ah! Im disappointed. Hush! Keep quite.
Bravo! Well done. Oh! What a surprise!

1. (Joy) Hurrah! () , Ah! (), Ha ()

Hurrah! We have won.

2. (Sorrow) Alas! ()
Alas! He is ruined.

3. (Surprise) Ha! (), What! (), Oh! ()

Oh! What a fright.

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4. (Excitement, Approval)
Bravo! ()
Bravo! Well done.

5. (Happiness) Ah! (), Ha! ()

Ha! Im happy.

6. (Silence) Hush! ( )
Hush! The baby is asleep.

(Exclamation Sentence)
What beautiful flowers!
What a pity!

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