, 2

: :
, , IV-3

, 2017. .


1. .........................................................................................................................................3
2. ...................................................................4
3. .........................................................................5
3.1. ....................................................................5
3.2. ...................................................................5
3.3. ..............................................................................6
3.4. ................................................................6
4. .............................................................................................................7
5. ........................................................................................8
6. .........................................................................................10
6.1. ............................................................................................10
7. .............................................................................................11
7.1. ................................................................................................12
8. ........................................................................13
8.1. .................................................................................13
8.2. .....................................................................................13
..................................................................................................................................14
1...............................................................................................................................15
...............................................................................................................................16

2
1.
: (), (Mg),
(Ca), (Sr), (Ba) (Ra).
.

2 (2-7).

, ,
.
.
. ( ), ,

.
 , IV-3

2.

1908.
, ,
, BaSO4. 1828.
BeCl2, .
.

2 1898. 0,09
, .
1903.
1911.
.

4
 , IV-3

3.

3.1.
, . , ,
,
.
,
. , .
s- ,
, .

,
(
),

.

3.2.
,
,
. , ,
,

. ,
.
. , ,
,
.
,
. ,
, .
( ) ,
.
, , .
,
s p- .

5
 , IV-3

3.3.
,
.
,
, .
. :

Ca Mg Ba

3.4.

: 2 + 2 22

: + H2O M(OH)2 + H2

: MO + H2O M(OH)2

: 3 + N2 M3N2

. ,
.
. .

6
 , IV-3

4.
.
, .
. Mg2+. .
(- CaCO3)
( ).
CaSO42H2O

Be3O2(SiO3)6.
.

7
 , IV-3

5.
, , .
,

, .
, ,
,
.
, , :

(s) + 2H2O M(OH)2(s) + H2(g)

,
, .
, :

2M + O2 2MO

( ).
, .
( ):

(s) + H2O M(OH)2(s)

.
.
. -
, Be(OH)2.

8
 , IV-3

,
(6Li + N2 2Li3N).

(
),
.
, ,
.

.
.

9
 , IV-3

6.

2.
12. +2.
.

. , 1808. .
[Ne]3s2. 3 :

1. g 24 79%. :
2. g 25 10%. :
3. Mg 26 11%. :

6.1.

g2+ .

1. - (MgO) (MgO2)

g(s) + H2O MgO(s) + H2(g).

, (IV) ,
( , ):

CO2 + 2Mg 2MgO + C.

2. Mg(OH)2
3. CaCO3 * MgCO3
MgCl2 * KCl * 6H2O
gCO3

10
 , IV-3

7.

.
20. ,
. Ca2+
.
.

,
.

11
 , IV-3

7.1.

2Ca + O2 2CaO
3Ca + N2 Ca3N2

:
Ca(s) + 2H2O Ca2+ + 2OH- + H2(g)

.
. CaCO3 .

CaSO4 - , .

Ca(OH)2 , .
, .

CaO ,
. .

CaC2 , ,

12
 , IV-3

8.

8.1.

2, N2 C2,
.
.

.
- 3 5000 .

8.2.

.
,
.
;
. .

:
, , ,
.
.
.
.
.
.

13
 , IV-3

5.

14
 , IV-3

15
 , IV-3

1. http://stari.svethemije.com/zemnoalkalni-metali
2. https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-el/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD
%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC
3. https://www.britannica.com/science/alkaline-earth-metal
4. II .
1997.
5. http://www.znanje.org/i/i24/04iv01/04IV01030623/IIa%20grupa.htm
6. http://www.devetagimnazija.edu.rs/kontent/stranicy/hemija/ZEMNOALKALNI
%20METALI.pptx.

16
 , IV-3

: ______________

:
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_______________
_______________

: _____________ __________ (___)

17