INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA

Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set

- Page 1

Q.1. Let A & B be sets. What does it mean if we say that A is NOT equal to B?
(a) For every x in A, there is some y in B, such that x is not equal to y (b) There is some element x
of A which is not in B, and there is some element y in B which is not in A. (c) For every x in A and
every y in B, x is not equal to y (d) There is some x in A and some y in B such that x is not equal to
y (e) Either there is some element x of A which is not in B, or there is some element y in B which is
not in A, or both
A.(e)

Q.2. Prove that (A I B I C) U (B I C) U (A I C) = C

Q.3. If A={1,2,3}, B={3,4,5,6}, C={1,2,7,5}, find

(a) A U B (b) B I C (c) B U B (d) A-B (e) B-A (f) (A U B) U C (g) A I (B U C )
(h) (A I B) I C (i) A-(B-C) (j) A U (B C ) (k) A x B
A.(a) {1,2,3,4,5,6} (b) {5} (c) {3,4,5,6} (d) {1,2} (e) {4,5,6} (f) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
(g) {1,2,3} (h) (i) {1,2} (j) {1,2,3,4,6} (k) {(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5), (2,6), (3,3),
(3,4), (3,5),(3,6)}

Q.4. If A={1,2,3}, B={1,2,3,4}, C={3,4,5,6,7}, U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}, find A, B, C .

A. A ={4,5,6,7,8}, B ={5,6,7,8}, C ={1,2,8}

Q.5. An analysis of an insurance companys new policyholders revealed the following figures:
796 bought automobile insurance
402 bought life insurance
667 bought home insurance
347 bought automobile and life insurance
580 bought automobile and home insurance
291 bought life and home insurance
263 bought automobile, life and home insurance
What is the number of new policy holders?
A.910

Q.6. In a survey of 75 college students, it was found that of the three news magazines A,B and C:
23 read A
18 read B
14 read C
10 read A and B
9 read A and C
8 read B and C
5 read all three
(a) how many read none of these three magazines? A.42
(b) how many read A alone? A.9
(c) how many read B alone? A.5
(d) how many read C alone? A.2
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 2

(e) how many read neither A nor B? A.44

(f) how many read A or B or both? A.31

Q.7. Let A be a 3 x 4 matrix and let B be a 3 x 4 matrix. Which of the four operations A x B, B x
A, A +B, A-B make sense?
(a)none of the operations make sense (b) all the operations make sense (c)A x B makes sense (d) A
x B and B x A make sense (e) A+B and A-B make sense
A.(e)

1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0
Q.8. 1
For matrices A = 0 3 - 1 , P = 0 1 1 , Q = 0 1 1 , find (a)PA (b) AQ (c)
2
0 - 1 3 0 1 - 1 0 1 - 1
T T T
PQ (d) (PA)Q (e) P(AQ) (f) Q A P
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

A.(a) PA = 0 2 2 (b) AQ = 0 1 2 (c) PQ=I (d),(e),(f) 0 2 0
0 4 - 4 0 1 - 2 0 0 4

1 0
1 2
, B = 2 3 , compute (a)AB (b)BA .
0
Q.9. Given A =
3 1 2
1 0
1 0 2
3 0
A.(a) AB = (b) BA = 11 3 10
7 3
1 0 2

Q.10. Calculate the given matrix products:

1 - 1 2 1 0 1 3 - 1 3
(a) - 1
- 2 1 0 1 0 A. 0 - 2 0
4 0 - 2 1 0 1 2 0 2

1 0 1 1 - 1 2 5 - 1 0
(b) 0 1 0 - 1 - 2 1 A. - 1 - 2 1
1 0 1 4 0 - 2 5 - 1 0
3 1 - 1
1 - 1 2 0 1
3 3 2
0
(c) A.

0 2 1 0 1 2 6 7 6

0 0 - 1 2 - 2 - 1 - 2 -5 1
(d) 0 - 1 0 - 1 - 3 1 A. 1 3 - 1
- 1 0 0 2 5 - 1 - 2 2 1

Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 3

1 1 1 1 3 4
- 1 1 1 - 1 3 - 1 - 2
(e) -1 2 3
A.
2 3 0 2 1 1 2 4 7 9

1 - 1 1 - 3 1 2

1 1 1 x1
Q.11. Solve Ax=b by row reducing the augmented matrix, where A = 2 - 1 - 3 , x = x 2 and

3 1 4 x 3
0
b = 1 .
5
A.x1=-1, x2=2,x3=-1

Q.12. Solve the system of linear equations by reducing the augmented matrix to row reduced
form:
(a) 2x+4y-z+w=1, x+2y+3w=4, x+y+3z=2, 3y+2z+w=-1
A.x=2,y=-1,z=1/3,w=4/3

(b) x+y+z+w=9,x+y+2z=11, x+2z-w=8,y+3z-w=11

A.x=2,y=1,z=4,w=2

(c) x+y+z+4w=0, x-y-2z=0, x+2y+8z-w=0, y+3z+w=0

A.x=y=z=w=0

(d) x+z=2,y+w=4,z+v=6,x+w=8,y+v=0
A.x=0,y=-4,z=2,w=8,v=4

Q.13. Solve the following underdetermined system by reducing its augmented matrix to row
reduced form. State the solution in terms of a parameter t.
(a) x-z=2,y+z=7 A.x=2+t,y=7-t,z=t
(b) x+y-2z=2, -3x+y+6z=7 A.x=-5/4+2t,y=13/4,z=t

Q.14. Compute the following determinants:

1 - 2 2 -1 3
1 -1 1 -1 1 3 2 0
2 -1 1 4 1
2 1 -1 1 4 2 1 0
(a) (b) (c) 0 0 - 2 0 0
3 2 1 -1 3 0 3 -1
2 0 2 2 3
4 3 2 1 2 0 1 -4
1 0 1 3 1
A.(a) 27 (b) 120 (c) 32

Q.15. Find the solution to the following equations by using matrix inverse:
(a) 2x+y+3z=3, 2y+z=2, x+y+2z=1
(b) 2x+y-z=2, x+2y+3z=1, 2x+3y+4z=1
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 4

(c) 2x-y+3z=33, y=-2, 2x+y+z=11

(d) x+z=2, -x+2z=1, y+3z=3
A.(a) x=6,y=3,z=-4 (b)x=-4, y=7, z=-3 (c) x=2,y=-2,z=9 (d) x=z=1,y=0

Q.16. Find the inversion of the following matrices using the principle of adjoint:
0 3 2 1 1 0 0 1
1 0 3 3 1 1 0
(a) 0 1 2 (b) (c) 0 1 0 - 2
2 1 4 2 0 0 1 3
5 2 4
1 0 2 3 4 3 2 8
1 3 2 5 0 0 1 2
3 2 1 1 3 2 0
0 1 - 2 2 8
(e) 1 2 2 (f) 1 1 0 (g)

1 0
(d)
2 0 1 0 1 - 1 3 14
0 0 4 4 1 2
5 0 0 1 0 1 2 7

5 20 - 5 5 8 3 2 - 1
0 - 6 3
1 1 20 8 - 13 2 1 - 8 - 2 - 4 2
A.(a) - 10 11 2 (b) (c)
15 55 - 5 - 13 28 - 17 4 12 9 10 - 3
5 2 - 1
5 2 - 17 28 - 4 - 3 - 2 1
1 3 2 5 16 11 - 10 12
2 - 4 0 - 5
1 3 28 - 6 - 15 1 3 -3 4
(d) (f) - 2 6 0 (g)
37 2 - 6 33 - 10 2 - 1 2 -2 2
- 3 5 1
5 - 15 - 10 12 1 -1 1 - 1

Q.17. Find the inverse of each matrix A and solve the equation AX=B by use of A-1:
2 1 7 1 3 - 1 2
(a) A = ,B = A. A 1 = ,X =
1 3 11 5 - 1 2 3
1 3 - 1 3 32 - 9 - 2 2
(b) A = 3 10 - 4, B = 8
A. A = - 14 4 1 , X = 1
1
2 3 2 11 - 11 3 1 2
1 2 1 6 22 - 5 - 3 1

(c) A = 3 7 2, B = 16
1
A. A = - 8 2 1 , X = 1
2 3 4 17 - 5 1 1 3
1 2 3 15 20 - 2 - 31 2

(d) A = 5 11 1 , B = 35
A. A = 9
1
1 14, X = 2

- 1 - 2 - 2 12 1 0 1 3
2 - 1 0 3 1 - 1 - 1 3

(e) A = 1 0 - 1, B = 5
A. A = 1 - 2 - 2, X = 3
1
0 - 1 1 5 1 - 2 - 1 2

Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 5

Q.18. Solve the following equations by Cramers Rule:

(a) 2x-z=1, 2x+4y-z=1, x-8y-3z=-2 A. x=1,y=0,z=1
(b) 2x+y+z=8, 3x-y-2z=-6, x-y+3z=7 A. x=1,y=3,z=3
(c) 2x+3y-z=9,3x-2y-z=1,2x-y+2z=4 A. x=2,y=2,z=1

Q.19. The frozen sea fish market is essentially made up of two competing producers- Big Fish
and Tasty Ones. Suppose that 65% of the customers buying the Big Fish product one month will
remain loyal the next month, while 25% of those buying the Tasty Ones product one month switch
to Big Fish the next month. Set up the brand switching matrix describing the loyalty transitions
from one product to the other. Supposing that the original market share of Big Fish is 90%,
determine its share two months hence. What is the equilibrium value of market share of Big Fish?
0.65 0.25
A. , 49%, 42%.
0.35 0.75

Q.20. Three major suppliers dominate the compact disk market, their products being MAG5,
D5MR and 5MEM. Computer users regularly purchase these disks in packs of 20 on a quarterly
basis. Of those users purchasing MAG5 one quarter, 90% will purchase the same product the next
quarter, the remainder evenly switching between D5MR and 5MEM; 70% of D5MRs customers
remain loyal, 20% switching to 5MEM; of those customers purchasing 5MEM one quarter, an
average 10% will switch to MAG5, and another 10% will switch to D5MR the next quarter. Set up
a brand switching matrix describing this consumer behaviour.
0.9 0.1 0.1
A. 0.05 0.7 0.1
0.05 0.2 0.8

Q.21. A small country produces three forms of energy- electricity, oil and coal. Production of 1
unit of electricity requires 0.2 units of electricity, 0.2 units of oil and 0.1 units of coal. Production
of 1 unit of oil requires 0.4 units of electricity, 0.4 units of oil and 0.2 units of coal. Production of 1
unit of coal requires 0.1 units of electricity, 0.1 units of oil and 0.3 units of coal. What gross
production is necessary to meet an external demand for 100 units of electricity, 200 units of oil and
100 units of coal.
A. 440 units electricity, 540 units oil and 360 units coal.

Q.22. If one is solving three linear equations involving two unknowns, what happens?
(a)There will always be infinitely many solutions (b)Usually there will be infinitely many solutions,
but occasionally there will be one or no solutions (c) Usually there will be no solution, but
occasionally there will be one or more solutions (d)There will always be exactly one solution (e)
There will never be a solution
A.(c)

Q.23. Determine whether the following systems are consistent, inconsistent or dependent. If
consistent, determine the solution:
(a) x+y=2, x-y=4 A.consistent, x=3,y=-1
(b) y=2x+8, x-y/2=-4 A.dependent
(c) y=-2x-5, y=x/2+5 A.consistent, x=-4,y=3
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 6

(d) x/2+y/6=1,x/3+y/3=1 A.consistent,x=y=3/2

(e) 12x+8y=5,-9x-6y=5 A.inconsistent
(f) y=-2x-3,y=x/2+5 A.consistent, x=-16/5,y=17/5

Q.24. In an election, the three candidates for office received 20%, 27% and 53% of the vote,
respectively. The winning candidate had a majority of 732 votes over the total of her opponents.
How many votes did each get? Set up a system of linear equations and solve by the Gauss-Jordan
method.
A.2440,3294,6466

Q.25. In the following exercises, the augmented matrix for a system of linear equations has been
changed to row echelon form. Decide in each case whether the corresponding system is consistent
or inconsistent and, if it has any solutions, find all of them.
1 - 3 2 - 4
1 3 5 1 - 2 - 2 1 0 0 1
2
(a) 0 1 2 (b) 0 0 1 4 (c)
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

A.(a) inconsistent (b) consistent, solution is 9+2t,t,4 for any real number t
(c) inconsistent

Q.26. Use a Gauss Jordan reduction of the appropriate matrix to find all the solutions to the given
system of linear equations, if any exist.
(a) x+y+z=0, x-y+z=0, x-3y+z=0 A.(-t,0,t) for t
(b) x-y+z=0, 2x+3y-5z=0, 3x+2y-4z=0 A. (2t,7t,5t) for t
(c) x+y=w, w+x=y, w+z=2x, x-y=z A. (0,t,-t,t) for t
(d) x-2y-2z=-1, 2x+3y-z=1,x+y-z=0 A. (1,0,1)
14 + 5t 1
(e) x-y-z=3, 2x-2y+3z=5 A. , t , for t
5 5
(f) x+2y-2z=0, 3x-y+3z=1, 4x+y+z=2 A.inconsistent
(g) u+v-w-x=0,u-v+w-x=0, u+v-w+x=0 A.(0,t,t,0) for t
2 3
(h) x-3y+z=1, 2x+y-z=2, x+4y-2z=1, 5x-8y+2z=5 A. 1 + t , t , t for t
7 7

Q.27. Write the augmented matrix for the system of equations:

x-y+z=1, x+2y-z=2, 2x-3y+3z=1
Reduce the matrix to its reduced row echelon form and solve the system, if it has any solution.
A.(2,-1,-2)

Q.28. Use a Gauss-Jordan reduction of the appropriate matrix to find all of the solutions to the
following system of equations, if any exist:
-x-3y+z=1, -2x+y-z=2, -x+4y-2z=1, -5x-8y+2z=5
A.x=-1,y=0,z=0 is the unique solution

Q.29. Use a Gauss-Jordan reduction of the appropriate matrix to find all of the solutions to the
following system of equations, if any exist:
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 7

3x-3y+z+2w=1, -2x+y-z+3w=3, -x+4y-2z+w=-2, 6x-2y+2z+4w=8

A.x=-1, y=3/2, z=53/10, w=8/5 is the unique solution

Q.30. Given that the homogeneous system of equations,

(1-a)x+y-3z=0, ay+2z=0, (1+a)z=0
(a) does not have a unique solution, find all possible values of a; then find all the solutions of the
resulting homogeneous system of equations (b) for what values of a does the homogeneous system
of equations have a unique solution? What is the unique solution?
A.(a)a=0,1,-1; for a=0, x=-t,y=t,z=0, t being any real number; for a=-1, x=t/2, y=2t,z=t; for a=1,
x=t,y=z=0 (b) for all a different from a=0,1,-1, the system has the unique/trivial solution x=y=z=0.

Q.31. Find the value of Rs 1000 deposited in a bank at 10% interest for 8 years compounded (a)
annually (b) quarterly (c) continuously
A.(a) 2144(b) 2204 (c)2226

Q.32. A loan shark lends you Rs 100 at 2% compound interest per week rate. How much will you
owe after 3 years? What is the sharks profit on such a loan?
A. 2196,2096

Q.33. A rich uncle wants to make you a millionaire. How much money must he deposit in a trust
fund paying 8% compounded quarterly at the time of your birth to yield Rs 1,000,000 when you
retire at age 60?
A.8629

Q.34. A Rs 15,000 machine depreciates by 35% per year. Find its value after 4 years?
A. 2678

Q.35. A sum is invested at 12% interest compounded quarterly. How soon will it double in value?
A. 5.9 years

Q.36. Find the inverse of the given functions:

x
(a) h ( x ) = 5( x 3) A. h 1 ( x ) = + 3
5
x
(b) g ( x ) = 2( x 3) A. g 1 ( x ) = 3
2
1
(c) d( x ) = x + 4
3
A. d ( x ) = x 4
3

(d) p( x ) = 3 x + 4 A. p 1 ( x ) = x 3 4
2 2
(e) R ( x ) = A. R 1 ( x ) = + 3
x 3 x

Q.37. Determine the domain of the functions in interval notation:

x
(a) G ( x ) = A. x2
x2
(b) G ( t ) = 5 11t A. (-,5/11]

Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 8

5
(c) P( w ) = A. (3, +)
w 3

Q.38. Determine whether the function given is even, odd or neither:

2x
(a) g ( x ) = 2 A.odd
x 1
(
(b) f ( x ) = x 2 3x ) 2
A.neither
(c) G ( x ) = x 2x 2
A.even

Q.39. Determine the equation of the line described in the form y=mx+b.
(a) The line passes through (2,1) and (-1,-8) A.y=3x-5
3 1
(b) The line passes through (2,1) and is parallel to the line 3x-7y=5 A. y = x+
7 7
7
(c) The line passes through (12,-8) and is perpendicular to the line 12x+7y+10=0. A. y = x 15
12
(d) The line is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment with end points (5,10) and (1,-2).
1
A. y = x + 5
3

Q.40. Determine the functions f+g,f-g,fg and f/g and state their domains:
(
(a) f ( x ) = 2x 4 x 2 , g( x ) = x 2 + 3 )2

A. (f + g )( x ) = 3x 4 + 5x 2 + 9, (f g )( x ) = x 4 7 x 2 9, (fg )(x ) = 2 x 8 + 11x 6 + 12 x 4 9 x 2

f (x ) = 2x x , all domain :
4 2

g (
x2 + 3
2
)
x+2
, g (x ) = 2
3
(b) f ( x ) =
x x
4x + 2 2x 2
A. (f + g )(x ) = 2
, domain : x 0 ; (f g )(x ) = , domain : x 0
x x2
(fg )(x ) = 3x +3 6 , domain : x 0 ; f g (x ) = 3x , domain : x 0,2
x x+2
x x+2
(c) f ( x ) = , g(x ) =
x+4 x
2x + 6x + 8
2
6x 8
A. (f + g )( x ) = , domain: x0,-4; (f g )(x ) = 2 , domain: x0,-4
x + 4x
2
x + 4x
x+2 x2
(fg )(x ) = , domain: x0,-4; f (x ) = , domain: x0,4,-2
x+4 g (x + 2)(x + 4)
Q.41. Find f o g and g o f for the following functions:

(a) f (x ) = 5x , g (x ) = A. (f o g )(x ) = , (g o f )(x ) =

1 5 1
x x 5x

Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 9

(b) f (x ) = x 2 , g (x ) = x 1
2
x
x 4 x 2 2x
A. (f o g )(x ) = x 1 , (g o f )(x ) =
2
x 1 x
(c) f (x ) = x 2 2 , g(x ) = x +
1
x
A. (f o g )(x ) = x 2 + 2 , (g o f )(x ) = x 2 2 + 2
1 1
x x 2

(d) f (x ) = 3 , g (x ) = 3
1 1 5x
x +5 x
A. (f o g )(x ) = x, (g o f )(x ) =x

(e) f (x ) = 3 , g(x ) =2x+3

x
2
A. (f o g )(x ) = x-3/2, (g o f )(x ) =x-3

Q.42. Find f o f for the following functions:

(a) f(x)=2x-1 A.4x-3
(b) f(x)= 9 x 2 A.-|x|
x 1
(c) f (x ) = A.-1/x
x +1

Q.43. Suppose that you are observing the behavior of cell duplication in a lab. In one experiment,
you started with one cell and the cells doubled every minute. That is, the population cell is
increasing at the constant rate of 100%. Formulate an equation to determine the number
(population) of cells after t hours.
A. f (t ) = 2t

Q.44. If you start a biology experiment with 5,000,000 cells and 45% of the cells are dying every
minute, how long will it take to have less than 50,000 cells?
A. 7.7 minutes

Prof.Bodhibrata Nag