Chng 5 DONG CHAY EU TRONG ONG

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I. HAI TRANG THAI CHAY
Th nghiem Reynolds

1. Chay tang : Khi van toc nho , Re = VD/ < Regh

Qua o:

2. Chay roi : Khi van toc ln , Re = VD/ > Re gh

Trong th nghiem nhan thay:

Regh(tren) Roi
Tang

Tang Roi
Regh(di) =2300

II. PHNG TRNH C BAN CHO DONG EU TRONG ONG

Trong ong xet oan vi phan dong chay eu hnh tru co dien tch dA nh hnh ve:
1
Lc tac dung tren phng L
F1=p1dA
dong chay ( phng s) : dA
2
ro
r
Gsin
+ =
F2=p2dA
1
G =0
+ =
z1 2 s
z2 =max
+ =
Mat chuan

+ + = + + =

PT N ng
+ + = + + + + + =
l ng (1-2)
L hd
hd = = R = Phng trnh c ban cua dong eu
R L
V i J = hd / L , d c n ng l ng = ng suat tiep ty le bac nhat theo r

PT c ban co the viet = =

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 II.PHAN BO VAN TOC TRONG DONG CHAY TANG

r0
r0
r
dr

=
= J
=

u=
2 rdr + C
=
= + Tai r=r0 ta co u=0, suy ra =


=

( )
J 2 r02 r 2
Tai r=0 ta co u=umax umax = r0 u = umax 2 hay =

4 r0

Phan bo van toc trong chay tang co dang Parabol

Lu lng va van toc trung bnh:

dA
=

( )

= = =

( ) r
ro

=

( ) =


= = = =

Ton that doc ng

Thay J = hd/L
T = =

Suy ra hd sap xep lai =

=

Vi Re = VD/ ( He so Reynolds)

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 III. PHAN BO VAN TOC TRONG DONG CHAY ROI TRONG ONG
oi vi dong chay roi, ng suat tiep phu thuoc chu yeu vao o chuyen ong hon loan cua cac
phan t lu chat.

Theo gia thiet cua Prandtl: =

y

vi c goi la h s nht roi =

u
y : khoang cach t thanh en lp chat long ang xet ro

l :chieu dai xao tron o

o
Prandtl: ng suat nht roi khong phu thuoc vao tnh nht cua lu chat.

Theo th nghiem cua Nikudrase, chieu dai xao tron l trong ong =

Vi k : hang so Karman ( k = 0,4)

Neu xem t le tuyen tnh vi ban knh r : = Th =


Thay vao :
= T (2) =

Thay vao (1) : = =

=

y

at =

( van toc ma sat , m/s)
u
ro
= =
o
o

= +C
ng cong
Tai tam ong r = ro u = umax thay vao cho = logarit

= 0 < y ro

Phan bo lu toc trong trng hp chay roi co dang ng logarit

Do o ta nhan thay s phan bo van toc trong trng hp chay roi tng oi ong eu gan vi van
toc trung bnh hn so vi trng hp chay tang. o cung la ly do tai sao cac he so sa cha ong
nang () hay he so sa cha ong lng (o) khi ch y r i co the lay bang 1

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 Ton that doc ng trong dong chay roi:
i v i dong r i t ly thuyet khong the suy ra c ton
that doc ng. Dung phng phap phan tch th nguyen L V2
hd =
va th nghiem chng to c ton that doc ung co dang D 2g
Xac nh he so ton that :
Dong chay tang: = hd t l V1

Dong chay roi:

Roi thanh trn thuy lc: (2300 < Re < 105 ) = f(Re).
0 ,316
Blasius: = 1/ 4
Re

Prandtl-Nicuradse:
1

(
= 2 lg Re 0 ,8 )
Roi thanh nham thuy lc: ( Re > 105 ) = f(Re, /D).
0,25
Antersun: 100
= 0,1 1,46 +
D Re
Colebrook: 1 2,51
= 2 lg +
3,71.D Re
Chay roi thanh hoan toan nham (khu sc can bnh phng) (Re rat ln >4.106 = f( /D).

1 D D
Prandtl-Nicuradse: = 2 lg + 1,14 2 lg 3,17 hd t l V2

Khu chuyen tiep

O TH MOODY
0,1 Khu chay roi
Khu
0,09 thanh nham Khu chay roi thanh nham hoan toan (Khu sc can bnh phng)
Chay tang
0,08
0,07 0,05
0,04
0,06
0.03
0,05 0,02
0,015
0,04 0,01
0,008
0,006
0,004 _
0,03

0,025 =/D
0,002

0,02 0,001
0,000 6
Khu chay roi 0,000 4
0,015 thanh trn
0,000 2
0,000 1
0,000 05
0,01
0,000 005
0,009 0,000 007
0,008 0,000 01

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 III. TNH TOAN TON THAT CUA DONG CHAY TRONG ONG
1.Ton that ng dai: Cong thc tnh ton that doc ung co dang

L V2 (Darcy) = f(Re, /D) : he so ton that

hd =
D 2g : He so nham tuyet oi (chieu cao cac mo nham )

thay D = 4R =

vi J = hd/L = va at = ( he so Chezy)

= ( Cong thc Chezy)

lu lng = = Vi module lu lng =

He so Chezy C co the tnh theo cong thc Manning : = ( n la o nham

Cong thc Manning ch dung khi do chay roi thanh hoan toan nham

T cong th tnh lu lng = = =

3.Ton that cuc bo: Tnh theo cong thc thc nghiem Weisbach:

V la he so ton that cuc bo (phu thuoc vao tng dang ton that)
h c = c
g V la van toc dong chay tai v tr sau khi xay ra ton that

M rong ot ngot
V1 V2
= vi V1
A1
vi V2 A2
=

Hai cong thc tren c chng minh t ly thuyet

mieng ra cua ong: c=1

mieng vao cua ong: c=0,5

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 IV. CAC BAI TOAN TRONG NG ONG
1. Phan biet ng ong dai, ngan hc<5%hd : ong dai h f = hd
hc>5%hd : ong ngan h f = hd + hc
2. ng ong mac noi tiep
A A

Mat chuan B B
h

l1; d1; 1
l2; d2; 2
V1
V2 l3; d3; 3
V3

VA2 p A V2 p
+ + zA = B + B + zB + h fA B
2g 2g

= + + + + + +

= + + + + + +

Trong o A1, A2 , A3 la tiet dien ong 1, 2, va 3. Q chay trong ong neu biet
cac thong so con lai

3. ng ong mac song song (bo qua ton that cuc bo).
Q1?

Q Q2?

Q3 ?

Goi HA va HB la nang lng tai A va B.

Neu xet dong chay i t A en B tren ong 1 , ta co ton that tren ong so 1 la :

Tng t, xet dong chay t A en B tren ong 2 va 3 ton that ong 2 va 3 la :

Nh vay

Neu bo qua ton that cuc bo : = =

= (i)

= (ii)

va (iii)

T 3 phng trnh (i), (ii), (iii) Q1, Q2 va Q3

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 4. ng ong noi 3 ho cha (bo qua ton that cuc bo).

ng nang ng nang ga s
Hj
Hj

1
Hj 2
Z2
l1; d1; n1
l2; d2; n2
Z1

J
Mat
chuan
l3; d3; n3
3
ng nang
Chay t J ve 2
Chay t 2 ve J
Khong chay tren ong 2

Cach xac nh chieu dong chay tren ong 2

ng nang ga
s
Hj

1
2
Z2
l1; d1; n1
l2; d2; n2
Z1

J
Mat
chuan
l3; d3; n3
Gia s cao trnh nang lng tai J , 3
Hj ngang vi mc nc trong bon 2

= = =
Ton that tren ong 1

Ton that tren ong 2 = =

Ton that tren ong 3 = = =

Q1 > Q3 => trong ong 2 dong chay i t J ve bon 2

Q1 < Q3 => trong ong 2 dong chay i t bon 2 ve J
Q1 = Q3 => trong ong 2 khong co dong chay
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 Hj

1
2
Z2
l1; d1; n1
l2; d2; n2
Q1 Z1
Q2
J
Mat
chuan Q3
l3; d3; n3
3

Th du trng hp 1 xay ra, Q1 > Q3

Ton that tren ong 1 : = =

Ton that tren ong 2 = =

Ton that tren ong 3 = =

5. Mang ng ong kn:

Lu lng trong tng ong c xac nh da vao 2 ieu kien cua dong chay trong mang kn nh sau
1. Tai mot nut lu lng en phai bang lu lng i
2. Trong mot vong kn, tong ton that phai bang khong
Qui c dong chay theo chieu tnh toan ton that lay dau dng (+)
va dong chay ngc chieu tnh toan ton that lay dau am (-)

Bc tnh toan
Bc 1: T phan phoi lu lng tren tng ong sao cho thoa man ieu kien 1
Bc 2: ieu chnh lai lu lng tng ong sao cho thoa man ieu kien 2

Ap dung phng phap Hardy Cross

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 Phng phap Hardy Cross

Ap dung cho nhng cong thc tnh ton that doc dng co dang

Th du =

Goi Qi la lu lng t phan phoi c tren ong i ( cha thoa man ieu kien 2)
Q la lu lng can ieu chnh trong mot vong e thoa man ieu kien 2
Ton that nang lng tren ong i khi a ieu chnh la
hdi = mi (Qi +Q)x hdi = mi (Qi x +xQ Qx-1 + .)

Gan ung hdi = mi (Qi x +xQ Qx-1)

Trong mot vong kn, tong ton that phai bang khong

( +
) = vi k la so ong trong mot vong
=

=
+ =

=

mQ i i
x

Q = i =1
k
x mi Qix 1
i =1

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