Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IU KHN PHN TN
Lecture Notes
B iu khin PID kh nn
(1920-1930) Cc h iu khin c
Compact Digital
Controller DCS PLC-based DCS
PC-based DCS
NI
Thit b iu khin t ng
NI I/O NI
ni trc tip
NI ni qua mng
I/O
NI network interface
NI (giao din mng)
Cm bin v chp hnh I/O input/output
(vo/ra)
Qu trnh k thut
Qu trnh k thut
2.2.2 Cp iu khin
Nhim v chnh ca cp iu khin l nhn thng tin t cc cm bin, x
l cc thng tin theo mt thut ton nht nh v truyn t li kt qu
xung cc c cu chp hnh. Khi cn iu khin th cng, nhim v c
ngi ng my trc tip m nhim qua vic theo di cc cng c o lng,
s dng kin thc v kinh nghim thc hin nhng thao tc cn thit nh
n nt ng/m van, iu chnh cn gt, nm xoay v.v... Trong mt h thng
1
Mt thit b c gi l thng minh, khi n c kh nng x l thng tin. Thc t, mi
thit b thng minh phi c t nht mt b vi x l ring.
2002, Hong Minh Sn 7
iu khin t ng hin i, vic thc hin th cng nhng nhim v c
thay th bng my tnh.
MTK
Phng iu khin trung tm
I/O
Hin trng
A S A S A S
MTK
Phng K trung tm
S A S A S A
bus h
thng
A S A S A S
HIN TRNG
MTGS MTGS
bus h
thng
MTK 1 MTK 2
PHNG IU
KHIN CC B
bus trng bus trng bus trng
S A S A S A
HIN TRNG
My
PCtnh
phng th
Factory LAN
System bus
Remote
I/O Station
PROCESS
Engineering
Station
Operator
Station
Terminals bus
System bus
Controller
OS OS ES SS
SYSTEM BUS
FIELDBUS
I/O Controller
Motor
Control
S A S A Center
S
I/O Controller
A
S A S A
S A S A S A
ng h Giao din
Vi x l
nhp lp trnh
Vo tng t v vp s
Ra tng t v ra s
Tn hiu iu khin
(AO, DO)
Tn hiu o
(AI, DI)
B nh B nh
chng trnh lm vic
Ngun nui
(PS)
3.3 Cc vn k thut
Cc vn k thut di y ng vai tr c bit quan trng khi nghin
cu v cc h iu khin phn tn, s c cp chi tit trong cc phn
sau.
Kin trc x l phn tn (distributed processing): Cu trc phn tn v
mt vt l (a l) dn n phn tn v mt x l thng tin. X l phn
tn l mt khi nim vay mn t lnh vc tin hc. X l phn tn khc
vi x l cc b v khc vi x l ni mng tnh thng nht, xuyn
sut trong vic xy dng ng dng v trao i d liu gia cc trm.
Tnh nng thi gian thc (real-time): Tnh nng ca mt h thng lun
sn sng phn ng vi cc s kin bn ngoi v a ra p ng mt
cch ng n v kp thi. Vi kin trc x l phn tn, vic p ng
tnh nng thi gian thc c ci thin bi kh nng x l thng tin ti
ch. Song cng nhiu vn c t ra trong vic giao tip gia cc
thnh phn (real-time interprocess communication), trong vn
giao thc mng ng mt vai tr quan trng.
Tnh sn sng (availability) v tin cy (reliability): Mt c im
ni bt so vi cc hng gii php khc l tnh sn sng cao thng qua
kh nng d phng tch hp, c th la chn d phng cho tng thnh
phn. Tnh sn sng, phng php giao tip s, kin trc x l phn
tn, phn mm ng gi, phn cng chun ha cng nghip, tch
hp cao gia cc thnh phn phn cng v phn mm l cc yu t
gip cho cc h thng iu khin phn tn c tin cy cao.
H tr chun (standard support): Thc ra, y khng phi l c im
tiu biu ca cc h DCS truyn thng. Nhng y l mt yu cu
khng th thiu c trong cc h DCS mi. c bit, s tng thch
vi cc chun cng nghip l tin cho tnh nng m, cho kh nng
tng tc vi cc thit b ca cc hng th ba.
4.1.4 X l phn tn
X l phn tn gip nng cao nng lc x l thng tin ca mt h thng,
gp phn ci thin tnh nng thi gian thc, nng cao tin cy v tnh linh
hot ca h thng.
Phn bit cc khi nim:
X l cc b - ng dng n c
X l cnh tranh - ng dng a nhim
X l tp trung - ng dng tp trung
X l ni mng - ng dng mng
X l phn tn - ng dng phn tn
Cn phn bit r gia ng dng mng v ng dng phn tn. Trong mt
ng dng mng, cc chng trnh trn mi trm tn ti hon ton c lp vi
nhau v vic giao tip gia chng c thc hin qua c ch hin (explicit
communication). Web l mt ng dng mng tiu biu. Trong mt ng dng
phn tn, cc chng trnh trn cc trm hp tc cht ch vi nhau thng
qua c ch giao tip ngm (implicit communication) cng thc hin mt
nhim v tng th ca h thng. Chc nng iu khin trong mt h iu
khin phn tn c thc hin di dng mt ng dng phn tn.
Cc vn ca x l phn tn
Phn chia v phi hp nhim v
Giao tip gia cc trm
ng b ha cc qu trnh x l phn tn
D phng, khc phc li
Hp th (Mailbox)
Cc trm s dng mt mi trng trung gian nh files, mt c s d
liu hoc mt chng trnh server khc ghi v c d liu
Mi bc th mang d liu v m cn cc (ni dung th hoc/v ngi
nhn)
Gi v nhn th c th din ra ti bt c thi im no
Linh hot nhng km hiu qu, khng m bo tnh nng thi gian
thc
p dng cho trao i d liu c tnh cht t quan trng, thch hp cho
kin trc Client/Server hoc kin trc t tr.
<<active>>
sensor actuator
Controller
Sensor Actuator
1 controller
sensors valves
Thermometer ControlSystem Valve
* 1..*
1 plant
Plant
<<friend>> <<friend>>
PT2
5.2.2 Mu thit k
Mu thit k l s hnh thc ho ca cch tip cn ti mt vn thng
gp trong ng cnh c th. Mi mu thit k m t mt gii php cho mt vn
thit k c th trong mt ng cnh xc nh. Gii php ny c chng
minh l hp l, s dng nhiu ln em li kt qu tt v do c tru
6.1 Yu cu chung
Mt kin trc i tng phn tn to iu kin cho vic lp trnh mt
mc tru tng cao hn so vi phng php hng i tng c in. C th,
im khc bit so vi lp trnh hng i tng c in nm tnh trong
sut phn tn (distribution transparency), th hin qua cc c tnh sau:
Trong sut v tr: Mt client khng cn bit rng i tng server nm
trong cng mt qu trnh tnh ton, thuc mt qu trnh tnh ton khc
trn cng mt trm hoc trn mt trm khc, cch s dng i tng
server l thng nht. Ngc li cng vy.
Trong sut th hin: Client khng cn quan tm ti vic i tng
server c th hin bng ngn ng lp trnh no v bng phng php
no, m ch cn quan tm ti giao din c th s dng.
Trong sut nn: Mt client khng cn bit rng i tng server nm
trn h iu hnh no, trn nn my tnh kin trc ra sao.
Trong sut truyn thng: M thc hin client v cc i tng server
khng lin quan ti mng truyn thng v giao thc truyn thng c
th
6.2 Cc mu thit k
p ng cc yu cu trn, ngi ta thng p dng cc mu thit k
sau y:
Proxy: Mt i tng i din cho server bn pha client, client c
th s dng i tng server n gin nh vi mt i tng ni trnh
(v d thng qua con tr).
Broker: B phn che du chi tit v c ch truyn thng c th, to iu
kin cho client/proxy v server giao tip vi nhau m khng ph thuc
vo nn v h thng truyn thng bn di. Broker c mt c bn client
v server.
Adapter: i tng trung gian, c vai tr thch ng giao din gia
broker v server, to iu kin cho vic pht trin server mt cch c
lp, cng nh s dng cc server c sn (cha tun theo kin trc i
tng phn tn).
2002, Hong Minh Sn 42
Marshaling/Unmarshaling: C ch thc hin m ha v ng gi cc
li gi hm bn client thnh cc bc in tng ng vi c ch truyn
thng cp thp, cng m gi v gii m cc bc in thnh li gi hm
chi tit bn i tng server. Cc phng thc tng t cng c thc
hin chuyn kt qu t server tr li client. Cc nhim v ny do
proxy, server hoc/v adapter m nhim.
Interface Mapping: Gii quyt vn trong sut th hin bng cch
m t cc giao din bng mt ngn ng c lp IDL (Interface
Description Language) v cho php nh x sang thc hin bng mt
ngn ng c th.
2: marshal ( ) 3: dispatch( )
IUnknown
A i tng
Cc giao
din khc B
Function1(...)
{
Interface Pointer ...
}
Interface Function Table
...
Function3(...)
{
...
}
...
Client Object
Application Interface
Pointer
Object
Application
Qu trnh client
server
client
object
Hnh 6-7: Giao tip gia i tng v khch hng trn cng qu
trnh
COM
Engine
Hnh 6-8: Giao tip gia i tng v khch hng trn hai qu
trnh khc nhau
Security Security
CoCreateInstance() DCE RPC DCE RPC
Provider Provider
(Remote)
Activation
SCM SCM
DCOM network-
protocol
Hnh 6-9: Giao tip gia i tng v khch hng trn hai my
khc nhau vi DCOM
HRESUL hr = CoCreateInstance(
CLSID_CData, // nh danh lp ca i tng yu cu
NULL,
CLSCTX_REMOTE_SERVER, // dch v t xa c yu cu
&si); // tham s u ra cha con tr giao din
CONFIGURATION
RESOURCE RESOURCE
FB FB FB FB
ACCESS PATHS
FB
Function block
Variable
FB1 FB2
a b
CONFIGURATION C
PROGRAM A PROGRAM B
VAR_EXTERNAL VAR_EXTERNAL
x: BOOL; x: BOOL;
END_VAR END_VAR
FB1 FB2
FB_X VAR_GLOBAL FB_Y
a x x: BOOL; x b
END_VAR
Hnh 7-4 biu din cch giao tip a nng nht thng qua khi chc nng
giao tip. Chi tit v loi khi chc nng ny c m t trong IEC 61131-5,
y ch lu rng, s dng khi chc nng truyn thng, gi tr ca bin c
th c truyn gia cc b phn ca chng trnh, gia cc chng trnh
trong cng mt cu hnh hay trong cc cu hnh khc nhau, thm ch gia
chng trnh chy trong PLC vi cc h thng khc khng phi PLC.
CONFIGURATION C CONFIGURATION D
P1
PROGRAM A PROGRAM B
FB1
FB_X
TO_FB2 FB2
a Z READ FB_Y
RD1 b
'CSX' VAR_1
VAR_ACCESS
CSX: P1.Z : REAL READ_ONLY;
7.2 IEC-61499
IEC 61499 l tiu chun lin quan n vic s dng cc khi chc nng
vi t cch l cc module phn mm trong h thng o lng - iu khin
ng dng B
ng dng C
Qu trnh k thut
ng dng A
ng dng C ng dng C
Qu trnh k thut
S kin
D liu
Khi chc Khi chc
nng giao Thut nng giao
din dch v ton din dch v
nh x qu trnh
Cc hm dch v
Lung s kin
Lung d liu
u vo s kin u ra s kin
Tn khi
Lung s kin iu khin Lung s kin
thc hin
(che giu)
Tn kiu
Thut ton
Lung d liu (che giu) Lung d liu
D liu ni b
(che giu)
u vo d liu u ra d liu
Nng lc ti nguyn
(Lp lch, nh x truyn thng, nh x qu trnh)
My tnh
KGS
Client
H thng mng truyn thng
Cc thit b khc c
PLC1 PLC2
giao tip vi PLC
iu khin
Hai phng php iu khin cn c PLC h tr: iu khin tham s
(parametric) v iu khin kha lin ng (interlocked)
iu khin tham s: Hot ng ca cc thit b c iu khin bng
cch thay i cc tham s ca chng. PLC s dng khi WRITE
thc hin hat ng ny t mt chng trnh ng dng.
iu khin kha lin ng: Mt client yu cu server thc hin mt
php ton ng dng v thng bo kt qu cho client. PLC s dng cc
khi SEND v RCV thc hin vai tr client and server.
Bo ng
Mt PLC c th gi cc bo ng ti cc client khi mt s kin xy ra.
Client c th thng bo li xc nhn ti b iu khin. PLC s dng cc
khi ALARM v NOTIFY trong cc chng trnh ng dng gi cc thng
bo cn xc nhn v khng cn xc nhn.
Qun l cc mi lin kt
Cc chng trnh ng dng trong PLC s dng khi CONNECT qun l
cc mi lin kt.
VB Scripts,... Interface
Nh c minh ha trn Hnh 8.2, hai kiu i tng thnh phn quan
trng nht trong kin trc OPC l OPC-Server v OPC-Group. Trong khi OPC-
Server c nhim v qun l ton b vic s dng v khai thc cc d liu, th
cc i tng OPC-Group c chc nng t chc cc phn t d liu (items)
OPC Server l mt i tng phn tn, cung cp giao din OPC chun cho
cc ng dng. Vic giao tip qua cc mng cng nghip c thc hin bng
cc li gi n gin, thng nht khng ph thuc vo mng truyn thng v
giao thc c s dng.
OPC Server h tr hai phng php truy cp d liu :
Polling: Client ch ng yu cu Server cung cp d liu mi khi cn
Publisher/Subscriber: Client ch cn mt ln yu cu Server, sau
ty theo cch t (Theo chu k, theo s thay i ca gi liu hoc theo
mt s kin no ). Phng php ny cn c gi l truy cp khng
ng b.
OPC-Client OPC-Client
OPC-Interface OPC-Interface
IUnknown IUnknown
truy nhp d liu dng OPC Custom Interfaces, ta cn thc hin hang
lot cc bc sau:
2
Lu khi nim Automation c dng y hon ton khng c lin quan ti k thut t ng
ha
2002, Hong Minh Sn 75
To mt (bn sao) i tng OPC-Server
Tm v lu tr con tr (a ch) ca cc giao din cn dng, trong
c IOPCServer
Dng cc phng php thch hp ca giao din IOPCServer to mt
s i tng OPC-Group nh cn thit
Tm v lu tr con tr (a ch) ca cc giao din cn dng ca cc i
tng OPC-Group
S dng cc giao din thch hp ca OPC-Group t chc v cu
hnh cho cc i tng ny, k c vic xy dng mi lin h vi cc
phn t d liu thc
S dng IOPCSyncIO v IOPCAsyncIO2 ca cc i tng OPC-Group
c hoc vit d liu theo c ch ng b hoc khng ng b (ty
hoc nh k)
Gii phng cc giao din khng s dng na
X l cc li trong tng bc nu trn.
XML EDITOR
OPC framework
HMI/SCADA C++ CONTROL
iPC
<dll filename="FuzzyFB.dll">
<FB_list>
<FB type="MAMDANI" id="LC103"> <init> filename=LC103.mam; </init> </FB>
</FB_list>
</dll>
Tng t nh vy, cc khi chc nng vo/ra tng t qua mng Profibus-
DP (a ch slave=3, module 3) s dng trong mch vng iu khin c
khai bo nh sau:
<dll filename="DPIO.dll">
<FB_list>
<FB type="AI" id="AI103"> <init> slave=3; module=3; </init> </FB>
<FB type="AO" id="AO103"> <init> slave=3; module=3; </init> </FB>
</FB_list>
</dll>
9.2 Lu P&ID
Cc biu tng lu P&ID c s dng tng i thng nht trn ton
th gii. Hai chun do ISA (Instrument Society of America) pht hnh c
chp nhn rng ri trn ton th gii l:
ANSI/ISA S5.1: Instrumentation Symbols and Identification.
ANSI/ISA S5.3: Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared
Display Instrumentation, Logic and Computer Systems.
Tn hiu kh nn
Tn hiu in
Tn hiu thy lc
ng ni c hc
ng mao dn
Ch ci u Cc ch ci ng sau
t nng (Burner,
B combustion) Ty s dng Ty s dng Ty s dng
iu khin
C Ty s dng (Control)
Chnh lch
D Ty s dng (Differential)
E in p Phn t sensor
Tn sut thay
K Thi gian, lch trnh i
Trm iu khin
O Ty s dng Hn ch (Orifice)
Bc x, phng x
R (Radiation) Ghi chp (Record)
Chuyn mch
S Tc , tn s (Speed) An ton (Safety) (Switch)
Truyn, pht
T Nhit (Temperature) (Transmit)
Truyn ng,
Z V tr, kch thc Trc Z
chp hnh
V d minh ha
Hnh 9.1 minh ha mt v d mch vng iu khin p sut. Lu chi
tit bn tri l c s cho thit k h thng v pht trin phn mm, trong khi
lu n gin ha bn phi c th xut hin trn cc lu cng ngh.
Mch vng iu khin p sut c iu khin bi trm iu khin DCS.
Gi tr t c a t mt my tnh thng qua ng truyn d liu. Mch
vng iu khin c s nhn 211, k hiu vng iu khin s 11 trn lu s
2. Thit b o p sut PT-211 c ni vi ng dn qua mt van kha v
phm vi lm vic 0-300 PSIG. Tn hiu ra l dng in 4-20mA, c k hiu
u vo AI-17 trong h DCS. B iu khin PIC-211 c thc hin thut
ton PI trn trm s 2 (C-2). u ra ca b iu khin c k hiu AO-21
c a vo mt b chuyn i dng-p sut (PY-211) gn trn van iu
chnh PCV-211. Van iu chnh l loi tuyn tnh, ng an ton, c trang b
b nh v (P). C b nh v v b bin i c cp kh nn.
C-#2
PAH (PI)
AI-17 dP/dt PIC AO-21
211
S.P. PIC
211
0-300#
PT PY
AS
211 211
P
AS
LIN. FC
PCV
Chi tit n gin ha
211
Thit b lp ti v tr m rng:
1) Lp trn panel ti v tr m rng, thng thng c giao
din s dng tng t, khng lp ti trm vn hnh trung
tm
2) C th l mt b iu khin d phng hoc mt trm
thao tc bng tay
3) Truy nhp c th ch qua ng truyn thng
4) Giao din vn hnh qua ng truyn thng.
AND A B C
A C
-| |--|/|----------------( )
B
ANY
ANY_DERIVED
ANY_ELEMENTARY
ANY_MAGNITUDE
ANY_NUM
ANY_REAL
LREAL
REAL
ANY_INT
LINT, DINT, INT, SINT
ULINT, UDINT, UINT, USINT
TIME
ANY_BIT
LWORD, DWORD, WORD, BYTE, BOOL
ANY_STRING
STRING
WSTRING
ANY_DATE
DATE_AND_TIME
DATE, TIME_OF_DAY
STT M t/v d
KHAI BO HM S DNG HM
Name Name
Data Type P1 P1
Data Type P2 Data Type X P2
Data Type P3 0.25 P3
(* Khai bo v nh ngha hm *)
FUNCTION fct1 : REAL
VAR_INPUT
a, b: REAL;
c : REAL:= 1.0;
END_VAR
fct1 := a*b/c;
END_FUNCTION
(* Gi hm *)
...
y := fct1(a:= x, b:= 2.0);
...
Cn lu :
Khai bo VAR_INPUT .. END_VAR cho cc bin u vo
Khai bo VAR .. EBD_VAR cho cc bin cc b
Kt qu tr v c gn cho tn hm
Cc hm cng c th c np chng c th p dng vi nhiu kiu
d liu khc nhau (Hnh 10-3).
ADD ADD_REAL
ANY_NUM REAK
ANY_NUM REAL REAL
ANY_NUM
ANY_NUM REAL
FUNCTION_BLOCK
Hm v khi chc nng l cc khi t chc chng trnh c gi tr s dng
li. Mt khi chc nng ging nh mt i tng, c trng thi v c th c
nhiu u ra, v d cc b iu khin ng, cc khu Flip-Flop, Timer,
Counter. Nu so snh vi mt i tng th mt khi chc nng ch c mt
hm thnh vin duy nht, v th cch gi mt khi chc nng tng t nh
cch gi mt hm. Mi khi chc nng c mt trng thi ring nn ta phi
phn bit gia kiu khi chc nng (ging nh lp) v th nghim khi chc
nng (ging nh i tng). Ty theo ng cnh m khi nim khi chc
nng c th hiu theo mt trong hai ngha trn. Vic gi mt khi chc nng
cng c thng qua tn ca bin th nghim, ch khng thng qua tn kiu
khi chc nng, nh minh ha trn Hnh 10-4.
KHAI BO KHI CHC NMG S DNG KHI CHC NNG
Tn bin th nghim fb1
FB_NAME FB_NAME
FUNCTION_BLOCK Example
VAR_INPUT
X : BOOL;
Y : BOOL;
END_VAR
VAR_OUTPUT
Z : BOOL;
END_VAR
Cn lu :
Khai bo bin u vo vi VAR_INPUT .. END_VAR
Khai bo bin u ra vi VAR_OUTPUT .. END_VAR
Khai bo bin vo/ra vi VAR_IN_OUT .. END_VAR
Khai bo cc bin ni b (trng thi) vi VAR .. END_VAR
PROGRAM
Mt chng trnh c th coi nh mt mng cc hm v khi chc nng ni
vi nhau. Khc vi hm v khi chc nng, mt chng trnh c th s dng
cc bin ton cc, cc bin vo/ra qu trnh hoc cc bin nh a ch trc
tip. Mt bin c th thuc cc kiu d liu c bn hoc dn xut nu,
nhng cng c th l mt khi chc nng. Nh vy, cc khi chc nng c gi
tr s dng li, trong khi chng trnh th khng. Mt chng trnh hoc mt
khi chc nng c th c thc hin tun hon, theo s kin hay lin tc
nh cc tc v (TASK) tng ng. Nhiu chng trnh v khi chc nng c
th chia s cng mt tc v.
RETURN ;
3 Quay v RETURN
D := B*B - 4*A*C ;
4 iu kin r nhnh if
IF D < 0.0 THEN NROOTS := 0 ;
ELSIF D = 0.0 THEN
NROOTS := 1 ;
X1 := - B/(2.0*A) ;
ELSE
NROOTS := 2 ;
X1 := (- B + SQRT(D))/(2.0*A) ;
X2 := (- B - SQRT(D))/(2.0*A) ;
END_IF ;
TW := BCD_TO_INT(THUMBWHEEL);
5 Phn nhnh CASE
TW_ERROR := 0;
CASE TW OF
1,5: DISPLAY := OVEN_TEMP;
2: DISPLAY := MOTOR_SPEED;
3: DISPLAY := GROSS - TARE;
4,6..10: DISPLAY := STATUS(TW - 4);
ELSE DISPLAY := 0 ;
TW_ERROR := 1;
END_CASE;
QW100 := INT_TO_BCD(DISPLAY);
J := 101 ;
6 Vng lp FOR
FOR I := 1 TO 100 BY 2 DO
IF WORDS[I] = 'KEY' THEN
J := I ;
EXIT ;
END_IF ;
END_FOR ;
Transition 1
Step 2 S Empty
Transition 2
Step 3
LP BO CO IU KHIN CAO
T NG C S D LIU CP
(REPORTING) QU TRNH
I/O-
I/O- I/O-
I/O
DRIVERS
DRIVERS SERVERS
Phn mm:
Giao din vo/ra (phn mm giao din qu trnh), di dng cc I/O-
Drivers, I/O-Servers (DDE,OPC,...).
Giao din ngi-my
C s d liu qu trnh
H thng cnh bo, bo ng
Lp bo co t ng
iu khin cao cp: iu khin m, iu khin trnh t, iu khin
cng thc, iu khin chuyn gia...
11.3.1 Yu cu chung
n gin, d s dng (easy-to-use)
Bn vng, kh gy li (robustness)
Tnh thng tin cao (informativeness)
Nht qun (consistency)
p, nh nhn (good-looking, elegant)
12.2 C ch d phng
Yu cu:
Cc thnh phn quan trng cn c d phng hon ton trng
hp li mt thnh phn n (phn cng & phn mm) khng lm mt
i tnh nng do n cung cp
Li mi module hoc card c php khng gy ra t lit hn mt trm
vn hnh hoc mt vng iu khin.
Phn bit
D phng lnh
D phng nng: D phng cnh tranh v d phng d tr
Cc bin php d phng nng
D phng CPU: Mi trm iu khin cn c CPU d phng cnh tranh,
thc hin song song v ng b vi CPU chnh v so snh kt qu
D phng trm iu khin: D phng d tr 1:1, chuyn mch kp
thi, trn tru
D phng d tr h thng mng: D phng cp truyn, d phng
module truyn thng v cc thit b mng khc, chuyn mch kp thi,
trn tru, thi gian chuyn mch < 1ms
D phng vo/ra
D phng trm vn hnh 1:n
2002, Hong Minh Sn 107
D phng trm server 1:1
D phng lnh:
Cho php thay th trc tuyn cc module vo/ra v cc card khc
Cho php thay th cc trm iu khin trong mt thi gian nhanh nht
12.3 C ch an ton
C c ch dng an ton, dng khn cp (mch cng hoc qua bus an
ton) khi h thng c cc c cu chuyn ng
Tn hiu ra tng t h tr ch an ton khi mt lin lc vi trm
iu khin hoc khi pht hin trm iu khin c li (gi gi tr cui
hoc a v gi tr mc nh)
12.5 Bo mt
t ch bo mt theo trm hoc theo ngi s dng hn ch,
kim sot quyn truy nhp d liu v iu khin
t ch bo mt da trn tng tag ring r hoc tng ca s ring r
Ngi vn hnh cn s dng m ID v mt khu
Cho php thc hin bo mt theo nhm
12.6 Bo tr
Ch bo tr: H thng cn cho php ngi vn hnh a trc tip gi
tr bin qu trnh trong trng hp thit b trng hng, cn sa cha
hoc ang c hiu chnh
Ch th li: mi module, mi card hoc b ngun cn c trang b n
LED hoc n khc ch th trng thi vn hnh
Chn on: H thng phi h tr chn on trc tuyn vi cc yu cu
ti thiu nh:
- CPU ca trm iu khin cn c bin php pht hin v sa li trong
2002, Hong Minh Sn 108
b nh
- Mng truyn thng thi gian thc cn s dng bin php bo ton d
liu pht hin li
- Thng bo li v cc thng tin chn on vi ngi vn hnh v cp
ngun, qut thng gi/lm mt, cc card DCS, my in, ROM ca trm
iu khin, li thc hin thut ton iu khin, li np chng trnh
ln/xung,...
System back-up: Ton b h thng phn mm cn c lu tr
backup trn cc phng tin ph thng, tt c cc phn mm pht
trin, chng trnh ng dng v cc gi phn mm chun cng nh tu
chn phi c cung cp cng a cng hoc a CD.
Cc cng c c bit do nh sn xut cung cp, phc v chn on v
thay th thit b
Agent hp tc-hc
2 Hc
Hp tc
4 Agent thng minh
1 3
15.2.1 t vn
H thng giao thng ni chung v h thng iu khin tn hiu giao thng
th ni ring l nhng h phn tn tiu biu, vic p dng phng php
iu khin cc b hay tp trung u khng thch hp. phc tp ca cu
trc phn tn y khng nhng th hin qua phn b a l trn phm vi
rng, m cn qua s phn tn chc nng v tnh bt nh, d thay i ca m
hnh. Da trn tng tr tu phn tn, ngi ta c th xy dng mt m
0 2 4 6 8
[9] ng Anh Vit, Bi Quang Vit: Xy dng phn mm khung cho gii
php iu khin trn nn PC. n tt nghip, BM iu khin T
ng, i hc Bch khoa H Ni, 5/2002.