Heavy equipment refers to heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for

executing construction tasks, most frequently, ones involving earth

moving.

They are also known as construction equipment, earth movers,

engineering vehicles, or just plain equipment.

They usually comprise five equipment systems: implement, traction,

structure, power train, control and information.

Through the mechanical advantage of this simple machine, the ratio

between input force applied and force exerted is multiplied.

Currently most equipment use hydraulics as a primary source of

transferring power.
 The use of heavy equipment has a long history. The ancient Roman
engineer VITRUVIUS (1st century BCE) gave detailed descriptions of
heavy equipment and cranes in ancient Rome in his treatise DE
ARCHITECTURA.

The first bulldozers were adapted from Holt farm tractors that were
used to plough fields. Their versatility in soft ground for logging and
road building led directly to their becoming the armoured tank in
World War I.

By the 1920s, tracked vehicles became common, To dig canals, raise

earth dams, and do other earth moving jobs, these tractors were
equipped with a large thick metal plate in front.

The backhoe loader was invented in the UK in 1953 by Joseph Cyril

Bamford , founder of J. C. Bamford (JCB), by equipping a farm tractor
with both a backhoe and a front-mounted loading bucket.
 In Britain and Ireland they are commonly referred to simply as JCBs due to the
the company being the inventor and major supplier.

The dragline was invented in 1904 by John W. Page of Page Schnable Contracting for
Contracting for use digging the Chicago Canal.

The steam shovel was invented by William Otis, who received a patent for his design
his design in 1839.
CONCLUSION:-
Proper planning, selection,
procurement, installation,
operation, maintenance &
equipment replacement policy
plays an important role for the
successful completion of the
project.

Plays important role in

construction of roads,
highways, large buildings,
dams, canals, airways &
power houses etc.

production of coal has

increased from 25 million
tonnes to 125 million tonnes, of
iron ore from 3 million tonnes
to 45 million tonnes
PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENTS

SERVICE
EQUIPMENTS
 BACKHOE LOADER. GRADER.
BULLDOZER. PAVER.
DRAGLINES. SKID STEER LOADER.
SCRAPER. RECLAIMERS.
CHAIN TRENCHER. DREDGE / DREDGER.
WHEEL TRENCHER. EXCAVATOR.
CLAMSHELL. SUCTION EXCAVATOR.
STEAM SHOVEL. DUMPER.
POWER SHOVEL.
BACK HOE LOADER:-
Tractor-like vehicle with an
arm and bucket mounted on the
back and a front loader mounted
on the front.

The boom is attached to the

vehicle through a pivot known as
the kingpost, which allows the arm
to slew left and right, usually
through a total of around 200
degrees.

Can be used with hydraulic

powered attachments such as a
tiltrotator, breaker, a grapple or
an auger.

Usually employed together

with loaders and bulldozers.
BULL DOZER:-
A bulldozer is a crawler ,
equipped with a substantial metal
plate ( blade) used to push large
quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc.,
during construction work and
typically equipped at the rear with a
claw-like device ( ripper) to loosen
densely-compacted materials.

Large and powerful tracked

heavy equipment. The tracks give
them excellent ground hold and
mobility through very rough
terrain.

Used to clear areas of obstacles,

shrubbery, burnt vehicles, and
remains of structures.
DRAGLINES:-
Dragline are heavy equipment used in
civil engineering and surface mining.
Smaller types are used for road and port
construction. The larger types are used in
strip-mining operations to move
overburden above coal, and for tar-sand
mining.

Stands among the largest mobile

equipment (not water-borne), and weigh
in the vicinity of 2000 metric tonnes.

Bucket system consists of a large

bucket which is suspended from a boom
with wire ropes. The bucket is
manoeuvred by means of a number of
ropes and chains.
SCRAPER:-
It is a piece of heavy equipment used for
earthmoving. The rear part has a vertically
moveable hopper with a sharp horizontal
front edge. When the hopper is lowered, the
front edge cuts into the soil or clay like a
cheese slicer and fills the hopper.

Having two engines ('tandem powered'),

one driving the front wheels, one driving the
rear wheels, with engines up to 400 kW (550
HP).

When the hopper is full (8 to 34 m (10 to

45 yd) heaped, depending on type) it is
raised, and closed with a vertical blade
(known as the apron).
CHAIN TRENCHER:-
Construction technology equipment
used to dig trenches.

Typically used for laying pipes or

cable, or for drainage.

Size from walk-behind models, to

attachments for a skid loader or
tractor, to very heavy tracked heavy
equipment.

A chain trencher cuts with a digging

chain that is driven around a rounded
metal frame, or boom. It resembles a
giant chainsaw.

Can cut ground that is too hard to

cut with a bucket-type excavator.
ROCKWHEEL
TRENCHER:-
A rockwheel is a
toothed metal wheel-
effectively a giant circular
saw.

Can cut harder

ground than a chain
trencher, including
cutting through solid
stone.

Also used to cut

pavement for road
maintenance and to gain
access to utilities under
roads.
CLAMSHELL:-
Machine which comprises of
both dragline & crane.

Digging is done like a dragline

; when bucket is filled works
like a crane.

Very useful for accurate spot

dumping in a confirmed place.

Can be used for handling of

loose & medium hard
materials only.

Since the shape of the bucket

is like a clam fish & has hinged
double shell , it is named as
CLAMSHELL.
STEAM SHOVEL:-
Steam-powered large
excavating machine
for lifting and moving
such as rock and soil.

Earliest type of power

shovel.

Perhaps the most famous

application of steam shovels
the digging of the Panama
Canal across the Isthmus of
Panama. One hundred and
shovels worked in that
long dig.
POWER SHOVELS:-
Its is a bucket equipped machine,
usually electrically powered, used for
digging and loading earth or fragmented
rock, and mineral extraction.

Used principally for excavation and

removal of overburden in open-cut mining
operations, though it may include loading
of minerals, such as coal.

The shovel operates using several

main motions:
Hoist - pulling the bucket up through the
bank .
Crowd - moving the dipper handle out the
depth of cut and when positioning to
dump
Swing - rotating the shovel between
digging and dumping
Propel - moving the shovel unit to
different locations or dig positions.
GRADER:-
Commonly referred to as a road
grader, a blade, a maintainer, is a
construction machine with a long
blade used to create a flat surface.

Can produce inclined surfaces

and surfaces with cambered cross-
sections for roads.

Commonly used in the

construction and maintenance of
dirt roads and gravel roads , in the
construction of paved roads , to
create a wide flat surface for the
asphalt to be placed.

Also used to set native soil

foundation pads to finish grade
prior to the construction of large
buildings & sometimes for snow
removal.
PAVERS:-
A paver (paver
finisher, asphalt
finisher) is an
engineering vehicle
used to lay asphalt on
roadways. It is
normally fed by a
dump truck. A
separate machine, a
roller, is then used to
press the hot asphalt
mix, resulting a
smooth, even surface.
The sub-base being
prepared by use of a
grader to trim crushed
stone to profile after
rolling.
SKID STERR LOADERS:-
Small rigid frame, engine-powered
machine with lift arms used to attach a
wide variety of labor-saving tools or
attachments.

Capable of zero-radius, "pirouette"

turning, which makes them extremely
maneuverable and valuable for
applications that require a compact,
agile loader.

The conventional bucket can be

replaced with a variety of specialized
attachments, powered by the loader's
hydraulic system. These include
backhoe, hydraulic breaker, pallet forks,
angle broom, sweeper, auger, snow
blower, trencher, dumping hopper,
ripper, tillers, grapple, tilt, roller, snow
blade, wheel saw, cement mixer, and
wood chipper machine.
 RECLAIMERS:-
A reclaimer is a large machine
used in bulk material handling
applications. A reclaimer's function
is to recover bulk material such as
ores and cereals from a stockpile.

Rated in m3/h for capacity, based

on the average bulk density of the
material being reclaimed.

Normally travel on a rail between

stockpiles in the stockyard.

Can typically move in three

directions: horizontally along the rail;
vertically by "luffing" its boom and
rotationally by slewing its boom.

Generally electrically powered by

means of a trailing cable.
DREDGERS / DREDGE:-
Dredging is an excavation activity or
operation usually carried out at least
partly underwater, in shallow seas or
fresh water areas with the purpose of
gathering up bottom sediments and
disposing of them at a different location.

Often used to keep waterways

navigable, also used as a way to
replenish sand on some public beaches,
where too much sand has been lost
because of coastal erosion.

A dredge is a device for scraping or

sucking the seabed, used for dredging.

A dredger is a ship or boat equipped

with a dredge.
EXCAVATORS:-
Heavy equipment consisting of a
boom (backhoe), bucket and cab on
a rotating platform (known as a
"house").

Excavators are used in many

ways:

1. Digging of trenches, holes,

foundations
2. Brush cutting with hydraulic
attachments
3. Forestry work
4. Demolition
5. General grading/landscaping
6. Heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing
of pipes
7. Mining, especially, but not only
open-pit mining
8. Driving piles, in conjunction with
a Pile Driver
SUCTION EXCAVATOR:-
A suction or vacuum excavator is
a construction vehicle that removes
earth from a hole on land, or
removes heavy debris on land, from
various places, by powerful suction
through a wide suction pipe which is
up to a foot or so diameter.

The suction inlet air speed may

be up to 100 meters/second = over
200 mph.

The end of the tube may be

toothed. This helps to cut earth
when use for excavating.

The earth to be sucked out may

be loosened first with a
compressed-air lance, or a powerful
water jet.
DUMPER:-
Designed for carrying bulk
material, often on building
sites.

Usually an open 4-
wheeled vehicle with the load
skip in front of the driver.

The skip can tip to dump

the load; this is where the
name "dumper" comes from.

Normally diesel powered.

A towing eye is fitted for
secondary use as a site
tractor.