TLL201

EPIC LITERATURE

STUDY GUIDE (5 CU)

Course Development Team

Head of Programme : Dr Shanmugam K

Adjunct Advisor : Dr S P Thinnappan

Course Developer : Dr R Kasirajan

Production : Educational Technology & Production Team

2017 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

No part of this material may be reproduced in any form or by any means

without permission in writing from the Educational Technology &
Production, Singapore University of Social Sciences.

Educational Technology & Production

Singapore University of Social Sciences
461 Clementi Road
Singapore 599491

Release V1.0


1. 1

2. ...1

3. .2

4. ..14

5. ...15

6. .18

7. ..18

8. ..19

9. .20

...............................................................................................SU1-1

..............................................................................................................SU1-1

..........................................................................................SU1-10

................................................................................................SU1-11

..................................................................................................................SU1-13

..................................................................................................SU1-14

.............................................................................SU1-15
 2

2.

.......................................................................................SU2-1

.............................................SU2-1

..........................................................................SU2-2

- ........................................SU2-3

..............................................................................................SU2-3

......................................SU2-4

....................................................................................SU2-4

..................................................................SU2-5

....................................................................SU2-5

.............................................................................SU2-6

................................................................SU2-6

.........................................................................................SU2-7

............................................................................................SU2-7

.................................................................................................SU2-8

...................................................................................................SU2-9

...................................................................................SU2-10

......................................................................................SU2-10

...........................................................................................SU2-10

...................................................................................SU2-11
....................................................................................................SU2-11

..............................................................................SU2-13

...........................................SU2-13

..................................................................SU2-14

- ..................................SU2-14

..................................................................................SU2-14

...................................SU2-15

...................................................................................SU2-16

.......................................................SU2-16

................................................................SU2-17

...........................................................................SU2-18

.......................................................................................SU2-18

..........................................................................................SU2-19

................................................................................................SU2-19

..................................................................................................SU2-20

...................................................................................SU2-21

......................................................SU2-21

............................................................................................SU2-22

......................................................................................................SU2-25

..................................................................................................SU2-26

.............................................................................SU2-27
 3

3.

...........................................................................................SU3-1

..............................................................................SU3-1

............................................................................................SU3-2

() .......................SU3-2

..........................................SU3-3

.............................................................................................SU3-4

.....................................................................................SU3-5

......................................................................................................SU3-5

.................................................................................SU3-6

.......................................................................SU3-7

....................................................................................SU3-8

() .....................SU3-8

.....................................SU3-9

.................................SU3-10

............................................................................................SU3-10

......................................................................................................SU3-12

..................................................................................................SU3-13

.............................................................................SU3-14
 4

4. -

...................................................................SU4-1

.........................................................................................................SU4-2

......................................................................................................SU4-3

.........................SU4-7

.....................................................SU4-8

- ...............................................................................SU4-9

.............................SU4-11

.....................................................................................SU4-12

......................SU4-13

..................SU4-15

..................................SU4-18

...........................................................................................SU4-18

...................................................................................SU4-19

....................................................................................................SU4-19

(1-5).................................................................SU4-20

(6-11)......................................................................................SU4-20

(12-24)...........................................................................SU4-21

(25-27)........SU4-23

(28-30).................................SU4-24
 - (31-37).................................................................SU4-25

(38-40).................SU4-26

(41-43).........................................................................SU4-27

(44-63)................SU4-27

(51-58)......SU4-30

(54)........................................................................SU4-30

(56-58)......................................................................SU4-31

(59).............................SU4-31

............................................................................................SU4-32

......................................................................................................SU4-34

..................................................................................................SU4-35

.............................................................................SU4-36

5. -

............................................................................................SU5-1

(5-13) ....................................................................SU5-2

(14-22) ...................................................................................SU5-5

(23-31)..........................................................................................SU5-8

(32-35).............................................SU5-11

...................................................................................SU5-13

....................................................................................................SU5-13
 (1 4)......................................................................SU5-14

(5-13).........................................................SU5-15

(14-22)............................................................................SU5-16

(23-31)................................................................................SU5-17

(32-35)......................................SU5-18

............................................................................................SU5-19

......................................................................................................SU5-21

..................................................................................................SU5-22

.............................................................................SU5-23

6. -
(. )

...............................................................................................SU6-1

..............................................................................................SU6-1

.................................................................................................................SU6-3

................................................................................SU6-6

......................................................................................................SU6-7

...................................................................................SU6-7

.......................................................................................SU6-9

..................................................................................SU6-11

....................................................................................................SU6-11

(1-3)............................................................................SU6-12
 (4-11)...........................................................................SU6-13

(12-24)..........................................................................................SU6-14

(25-29)..........................................................SU6-15

(30-32)..............................................................................SU6-16

(33-40).....................................................................SU6-16

.....................................................................................SU6-17

............................................................................................SU6-18

......................................................................................................SU6-20

..................................................................................................SU6-21

.............................................................................SU6-22

7. -

.........................................................................SU7-1

..............................................................................................SU7-2

..............................................................................................SU7-3

.....................................................................................SU7-4

- .............................................................................................SU7-5

- .........................................................................................SU7-5

- ..................................................................................................SU7-5

...........................................................................................SU7-6

.....................................................................................SU7-8
......................................................................................................SU7-8

(1-3).........................................................SU7-9

(4 6).............................................................................SU7-9

: (7-8)...........................................................................SU7-10

(9)..................................................................SU7-11

(10)...........................................................................SU7-11

- : (11)...............................................................................SU7-12

- : (12 15)................................................................................SU7-12

: (16 17)........................................................................SU7-12

............................................................................................SU7-13

........................................................................SU7-13

......................................................................................................SU7-15

..................................................................................................SU7-16

.............................................................................SU7-17

8.

..............................................................................................SU8-1

........................................................................................SU8-2

...............................................................SU8-3

....................................................................SU8-4

.....................................................................................SU8-5
......................................................................................................SU8-5

(1-2)............................................................................SU8-6

(3-5)............................................................................SU8-6

(. 6 - 8) ......................................SU8-7

(9-11).................................................SU8-7

(12-15).........................................................................SU8-8

..............................................................................................SU8-8

......................................................................................................SU8-10

..................................................................................................SU8-11

.............................................................................SU8-12

9. -

.....................................................................................SU9-3

......................................................................................................SU9-3

..................................................................................................SU9-4

..............................................................................................SU9-5

........................................................................................................SU9-6

....................................................................................................SU9-7

...............................................................................SU9-8
 10

...................................................................................SU10-1

.........................................................................SU10-1

.................................................................SU10-2

.........................................................SU10-2

..................................................................................................SU10-3

...................................................................................................SU10-3

-44 .................................................................................SU10-20

................................................................................................SU10-33

...........................................................................SU10-34

11

...................................................................................SU11-1

......................................................................................................SU11-1

..................................................................................................SU11-2

: ..............................................................SU11-2

.......................................................................................SU11-4

...............................................................................................SU11-4

...........................................................................SU11-21


COURSE GUIDE
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

1.

TLL201

. ,

, .

. ,

2.

. , ,

, .

+ =

, ,

. . ,

1
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

; :

, .

, , , ,

19 ,

, ,

, ,

3.

1 -

. :

1. -

2.

3. -

2
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

4.

5.

2 - -

. , ,

. 15 .

. ,

, .

. , , ,

. .

, 15

; 15

3
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

, ,

, .

, .

3 -

. .

30 .

() . ,

4
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

( )

. ,

, . .

4 - -

12- .

(6).

( )

; ; -

5
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

; ;

5 - -

72

. 63 ,

. 11

. .. 1113

1150 .

. . .

13 , 63 .

11-

. 35 .

6
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

() (1 4)

(5 13) (14

24) (22-3),

(24) (24 31), ,

(32 35) .

6 - -

. 20

. ,

7
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

.
.

, ,

; .

100

. ,

. .

; ,

, , , ,

, ,
,

8
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

7 - -

20-

. ,

, , ,

. , ,

. ,

, , ,

--, -, -, -,

9
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

8 -

; ;

; ;

. ,

. , ,

, , , - -

.
.

. , , ()

() - .

10
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

; ;

, ;

105; 100; , ,

, , ,

, ,

, , , ,

, - ,

, , ,

, , ,

, - , .

9 - -

. .

11
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

. ,

. , ,

. .

10 -

. ,

, , ,

12
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

11 -

13
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

4.

1. . (1976) ,

2. . (. 1980, . 2015) ,

NCBH,

3. . (1990) Evolution and Evaluation of Epics in

Tamil, Mathy Pathipagam,

4. . (2009),

1,2 ,

5. (1994) 1 & 2) ,

6. . . . , (1986) ,

7. , (2005), ,

14
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

8. , (1987), , ,

9. , (2001), , ,

10. . , 1973,

11. , ,

. . ..

, .., .. , ,

. ,

( )

, , , ,

. 19-20

5.

Overall

Continuous Assessment Score (OCAS);

Overall Examinable

Score (OES).

. (50%)

15
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

1
(Tutor-Marked 25%

Assignment)

2
(Tutor-Marked 25%

Assignment)

2

15%

10%

Oral Presentation

15

100%

16
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

(Overall Continuous Assessment Score)

, ( 11)

. 1.5

100

, 25%

. 50%

, .

(Overall Examinable Score)

100%

50% .

1. (TMA)

40% .

17
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

2. 40% .

(The Student Handbook)

(Student Portal) .

6.

, .

. (online quizzes)

7.

(Course Schedule) .

, ,

(Student Portal) .

: ,

(Student Portal) .

18
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

8.

(a)

(b) 7

(c)

(d) - 3 .

18 .

(Study Guide)

(iStudyGuide)

(iStudyGuide) .

19
 TLL201 EPIC LITERATURE

9.

(Academic Policies), (Academic

Integrity), (Course Administration)

. ,

. ,

(Plagiarism) .

20
STUDY UNIT 1
1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

, ,

. :

1. -

2.

3. -

4.

5.

1. -

. -

SU1-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

, EPIC

. .

. ,

. ,

, ,

. , ,

(Epic)

, ,

; EPIC

. EPIC EPO

; to tell

epos , any thing to tell Epic .

SU1-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

. ,

( )

; Epic ,

2.

, , ,

, .

, ,

(impromptu verse)

1. (court poetry)

2. (courtesan poetry) 3. (ballad) 4.

(myth) ,

, ,

; .

; ,

; ;

SU1-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

; ,

, . ,

. ..

, -

. .

; , ,

, - ,

. ?

. ,

, . ,

- ;

. ,

; , ,

SU1-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

. > .

(without tribal god worship there is

no epic)

, .

, .

, ,

, , ,

; ,

. ,

. , ,

. ,

32

8-

. ;

, ,

. ,

. .

SU1-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

. ( )

()

. ,

- ,

( , , )

, ,

, ()

; ,

, (Myth)

(Legend) (Animal Tale) (Fable),

(Fairy Tale) (Folk Tale) .

( ) . ,

SU1-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

. ,

, , ,

. ,

2.

. ,

, ,

(oral or folk epic, primitive epic), (literary epic),

(chivalric epic),
, (chivalric (Romance),

(Romantic epic or Romance)

, , , , ,

, ,

. , .. 12

. ,

, , ,

SU1-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

, .

, , , ,

- , ,

, , ,

. ,

(Episode) ,

;
.

. ,

: ()

? ? ?

SU1-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

; ;

. ,

- .

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6. - 7.

1. :

, . , ,

2.

3.

. , , ,

, ,

4. , :

. ,

, .

(Divine Comedy)

5.

. .

SU1-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

, ;

6. , ,

; , ,

, .

7.

. ;

; ,

, , , , ,

, .

. ;

, ,

, ,

, ;

; ,

SU1-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

Without Relgion there is no epic; without Tribal god worship there is no epic

. (National epic with national

theme)
(Hero)

. , ,

, , .

, , , ,

, ,

, , .

; ;

, .

(External structure) (Internal

structure) .

1. ; , ,

, , , , ,

; ,

SU1-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

2.

. , , ,

3. , , , , ,

, , , , ()

; ,

, (, , , )

4. - , ,

, , . , , ,

, , , , ,

. ,

. ,

, , , , , ,

, , .

, , , , ,

. , , ,

, , ,

, .

, .

, , .

SU1-12
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

, ,

SU1-13
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

1. . (1976) , ,

2. . (. 1980, . 2015) , NCBH,

3. . (1990) Evolution and Evaluation of Epics in Tamil,

Mathy Pathipagam,

4. . (2009),

1,2 ,

5. (1994) 1 & 2) ,

6. . . . , (1986) ,

7. , (2005), ,

8. , (1987), , ,

9. , (2001), , ,

SU1-14
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 1

1. ?

2. ?

3. , ?

4. ?

5. .

SU1-15
STUDY UNIT 2
2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

2.

10

15

20

SU2-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

25

30

35

40

SU2-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

45

50

55

60

65

SU2-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

70

75

80

85

90

SU2-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

95

100

105

110

115

SU2-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

120

125

130

135

140

SU2-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

145

150

155

160

SU2-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

165

170

175

180

185

SU2-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

190

195

200

205

210

SU2-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

217

, ; ; - ;

; ; - ; -

, ; - ; - ; , -

; - ; - ;

; ; ; - ;

; ; ; ,

; - ; - ,

- ; ; - ;

- ; , ;

; - ; - ;

; ; ; -

; - .

SU2-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

2.

. , ,

. 15 .

. , ,

. ,

, ,

. .

, 15 ;

15 .

, , ,

.
SU2-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

, .

1. .

2. ( ) ,

, , .

3.

4. , , -

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

SU2-12
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

... (1 14)

- ,

, ,

, ,

, !

... (15-28)

; , . ,

, ( ) ,

. ,

, ,

, , , , , ,

, .

SU2-13
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

.... (29 43)

, ; .

, , ,

. ,

, ,

.... (44-54)

. ,

! !

... (55-70)

, .

; !, ?
SU2-14
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

? . .

, - , ,

, , ;

? -

. , ;

.... (71-83)

: ,

, , ,

. , , ,

. ,

. ,

. ,

, .

. -

. ,

. ,

SU2-15
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

.... (84-91)

- ,

, , , ,

, -

, ! !

! ! ! !

! .

... (92-104)

, , ,

, .

, ,

; (

) ;

SU2-16
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

, ( )

,
.

.... (105-126)

, ,

, ,

, -

, .

()

, .

. , ;

; , ,

. ,

SU2-17
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

..... (127 147)

- .

. , ,

, .

. , , !

, ,

,
.

..... (148 153)

; ,

, ,

.......

()

SU2-18
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

.... (154-163)

, ;

. ,

.... (164-189)

, . ,

, , , ,

; ,

SU2-19
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

; ,

, , ( )

... (190-209)

. ,

( )

. ,

. .

. ,

SU2-20
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

..... (210-217)

, ;

, ,

, .
.

, , , ,

SU2-21
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

( ) .

. ,

, ,

. ,

(Aesthetic Cristicism)- (Theory of Aesthetic)-

. , , , , , ,

, ,

( ), (

) ( )

20- , (, )

. ,

SU2-22
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

. .

( : 81-83)

: ,

( )

, ; ?

? ?

(: 92-93)

. ;

; ;

SU2-23
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

? ;

() , ( )

, .

- .

SU2-24
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

, ,

. -

SU2-25
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

1. ... , ,

2. .. , ,

3. , (2004), , ,

4. , , (), (2004),

, ,

5. , , (2003), 1 & 2, :

, ,

6. , (2000), , ,

7. , (2009), , ,

8. , (2009), , ,

9. , (2009), , ,

10. , (2013), , ,

SU2-26
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 2

1. ?

2.

3. .

4. , ?

5. .

SU2-27
STUDY UNIT 3
3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

3.

, ,

....

10

15

?....

20

SU3-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

25

30

35

....

()

40

! ....

, , 45

SU3-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

, ....

50

55

; ;

, ! ;

60

65

; !,

70

SU3-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

75

- ; - , ;

- ; (); - ; -

; - ; - ; ;

; - , ; - , ,

, , .

SU3-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

3.

, ,

. , .

, .

, ;

, ,

30 . .

, .
SU3-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

() . ,

( )

. ,

. .

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

.... (1-17)

; ,

; ,

, ,

, ,

, . ,

SU3-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

! ;

; -

.... (18 32)

; ;

- , , ,

, , , ; ;

, ,

; ,

, , ,

, , ()

, ,

, , () ,

, , ,

() - ,

SU3-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

. () ,

, ,

, ,

. ;

; ,

... (33-37)

; ,

. ,

()

... (38-57)

. , .

, ;

, ,

SU3-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

(58-75)

! .

, ,

( )

()

, , , ,

. , ,

, ,

SU3-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

; ,

; ; .

; .

, .

( ). , ;

; .

. , . ,

. ,

, , .

. .

-
SU3-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

() ;

. - ; -

; ,

( Form)

SU3-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

, ,

, ,

- ,

. ,

SU3-12
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

1. , (2002), , ,

2. , (2005), , ,

3. , (1998), ,

4. , (2000), , ,

SU3-13
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 3

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. ?

SU3-14
STUDY UNIT 4
4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

4. -

1 , ,

2 ,

, ,

3 ,

4 ,

, ;

SU4-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

6 ,

? ,

, ,

9 , ,

, ,

, ,

SU4-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

10 , ,

11

12 ,

13 , ,

, ,

14 ,

, ,

, ?

SU4-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

, ?

15

16 ;

17 ,

SU4-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

18 ,

, ?

; ,

19

20

; ,

, ,

, ,

SU4-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

21

22 ,

23

SU4-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

24 ,

, ;

, ,

25 ;

26

SU4-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

27 , ,

28 ,

29 ,

SU4-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

30

? .

31

, ,

, ,

, ,

32

SU4-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

33

? ,

34 , ;

, ;

, ;

35

! ,

, !

SU4-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

36 ,

37

, ,

, ,

38 .

, !

;! .

SU4-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

39 ;

40 , ,

41

? , ;

, ;

SU4-12
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

42

, ,

43 ,

, ! .

44 , , ,

SU4-13
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

45

46

...

47 , :

? ,

SU4-14
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

48 ,

, , , ,

49

50 ,

51

! ?

SU4-15
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

52 ,

, ?

53
!

54

, !

SU4-16
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

55 ,

, , ?

, ;

56 ,

, ,

, ,

57 ,

58 , ,

SU4-17
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

59

, ; ,

-; -; -; - -;

-; - ; , , - - ; - ;

-; - , -, -;

-; --; - ; -; -

, -; -, -; -

, - ; -, - ; -

; -; - ; -; -

SU4-18
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

4. -

12- .

(6). ,

, ;

( )

; ; - ;

; ;

SU4-19
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

(1-5)

()

: ,

; , ,

() :

, .

. ,

60,000 . (21870 , 21870 ; 65610

; 1,90,350 2, 18, 700 ).

(6-11)

. ;

; .

, ()

; 25,00,000

SU4-20
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

; ; .

; , ;

; ,

(12-24)

; ;

; ,

; ;

; ;

() ;

() ?

SU4-21
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

; ,

: ,

, ;

, ?

! ( )

, , ,

, !

; , ,

, () , ( )

! .

! ,

; ?

. ; ()

, ! .

; ,

, ;

;
;

SU4-22
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

, ,

; ,

, ,

, (

) ;

() .

, ;

; ;

; ,

(25-27)

. ;

; ;

; ; ,

; ;

. ; ;

; ;

SU4-23
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

! ( )

; .

( )

, ,

()

, ;

(28-30)

; ; ,

; ; ;

() ;

. ;

( ) ()

; ()

; ;

; ;

() ()

SU4-24
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

- (31-37)

; ;

; , -

; ( )

; .
,

, ! !

? ; ,

; (

) ,

; ;

, ! !

()

SU4-25
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

. ,

() ! ! .

, ,

, .

? ;

. ()

; ( ) ,

(38-40)

, ,

, ,

!
; .

;
,

, () .

! !

, ,

SU4-26
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

. ,

! .

(41-43)

, ,

. ,

; ;

(44-63)

; ,

, ,

. , ,

SU4-27
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

, .

, ,

, !

. ? .

. ( ) ,

, , ,

, ,

; ,

. ,

, , .

, .

, ,

. ,

SU4-28
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

; ,

: , , , ,

: ;

; ;

. ;

, .

, ,

; ,
,

, , ,

. :

, ,

SU4-29
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

(51-58)

; ,

; ,

,
. ,

, ()

,
,

( )

() ;

, !

;
( - )

! ,

(54)

, ,

SU4-30
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

(56-58)

( - ) ,

, ,

()

, ,

() ,

; ;

; ,

( )

? .

. ,

; , ,

. ,

. .

(59)

. ,

SU4-31
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

, ()

( ) ;

.
,

, , ,

( ), ,

SU4-32
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

, , , ,

, , ,

. ,

, ;

, , .

SU4-33
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

, -

, ,

, ,

. ,

. -

SU4-34
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

1. , (2010), , ,

2. , 1994.

3. - .

4. , . . , 1967

5. , ..

- 1982

SU4-35
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 4

1. .

2.
.

3. -

4. () ?

5. ?

SU4-36
STUDY UNIT 5
5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

5.

()

3.

SU5-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

4.

(5-13)

SU5-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

SU5-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

10

11

12

()

SU5-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

13

(14-22)

14

15

SU5-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

16

17

18

SU5-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

19

20

21

SU5-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

22

(23-31)

23

24

SU5-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

25

26

27

SU5-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

28

29

30

SU5-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

31

(32-35)

32

33

SU5-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

34

35

()

SU5-12
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

5. -

72

. 63 ,

. 11

. . . 1113 1150

. ,

. . .

13 , 63 .

11- . 35

() (1 4),

(5 13), (14 24),

(22-3), (24),

(24 31), , (32 35)

SU5-13
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

(1 4)

, ()

, ,

( ) ;

; ( )

() ;

()

. .

. ,

; ( ).

, ,

() , ,

( ) .

, ,

SU5-14
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

( ) . ,

(5-13)

()

; ();

; ; ,

, ; ( )

; .

().

. ,

, .

; ()

, .

SU5-15
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

()

() ; ;

() , , ,

, .

()

,

(14-22)

, ,
,

, ,

; ,

( ) .

(), ,

, ;

SU5-16
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

. ,

, ,

, .

, ,

, , , ()

, .

(23-31)

, ,

; ,

, , ()

. , ,

, ;

, ,

, ,

, .

, ,

SU5-17
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

, ()

; ;

; ; ,

; ;

, ,

; ,

. .

(32-35)

. ,

( ),

, ;

SU5-18
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

; ,

, . ,

. ,

, . ,

: ( )

SU5-19
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

SU5-20
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

SU5-21
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

1. - , , 1970

2. . - ,

- 1980

3. ..

SU5-22
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 5

1. .

2. .

3. , ?

4.

5. , .

SU5-23
STUDY UNIT 6
6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

6. -

(. )

2 ? ?

? ?

3 !

! !

4 !

? !

SU6-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

5 ?

7 !

9 !

SU6-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

10

? ?

11

12 !

? ?

13

! ?

? ;

14

SU6-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

15 ?..... !

16

17

18

! ?

19

! !

? !

SU6-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

20 !

21 ? !

; !

22

23

24

SU6-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

25
;

26

27

28

? !

29 !

SU6-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

30 ! ? ?

? ?

31

!
!

32

! ! !

33

34

? !

SU6-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

35

36

? ? ?

37 ? ?

? ?

38 !

39

SU6-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

40 !

! !

! ?

41 !

42

43

SU6-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

44

45

47 ? ?

SU6-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

6. -

. 20

. ;

, ,

SU6-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

. , ,

; .

100 .

. ,

. .

; ,

, , , ,

, , ,

(1-3)

SU6-12
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

!
!

! ! !

, !

(4-11)

, ;

, ;

. ,

. ;

. ,

, ! .

, ,

!
!

SU6-13
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

. ,

(12-24)

. ?

, .

; ;

.
.

; !

; .

() ;

. .

. !

? ;

SU6-14
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

. ;

. ; ;

- ; ;

; ; ;

(25-29)

,

,

, .

, ( )

? ;

. ; , ,

SU6-15
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

; ,

(30-32)

? ?

? !

. . ;

; ;

(33-40)

, . ,

; ( )

! ! ;

, ;

; !

. ?

! ? ?

? ?

SU6-16
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

, ,

, ;

(),

, ,

; ;

; ;

; ;

. ()

. ; !

, ;

, .

; ;

; -

SU6-17
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

; ?

; .

; .

. .

. ,

. ,

(: 12:34:45)

SU6-18
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

SU6-19
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

, ,

SU6-20
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

1. . , 1979,

SU6-21
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 6

1. ?

2. .

3. ?

4.

5. ?

6. .

SU6-22
STUDY UNIT 7
7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

7. -

SU7-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

? !

SU7-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

SU7-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

SU7-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

10

11

12

SU7-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

13

14

15

16

SU7-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

17

SU7-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

7.

, ;

20-

. ,

, , ,

. , ,

. , ,

, , --, -,

-, - , .

SU7-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

(1-3)

. ,

. ;

, ;

, ;

, .

(4 6)

, , , , ,

; ? .

, () (, ,

) ;
,

SU7-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

; .

. ()

: (7-8)

SU7-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

. ,

; . ,

; .

. , ;

. - ; - ;

; ;

; ;

; ;

. .

(9)

; ,

(10)

, ,

- ( ) ;

SU7-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

- : (11)

. ,

() . ,

()

- : (12 15)

; ;

( ).

; , ,

- ,

. .

: (16 17)

, ,
SU7-12
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

, ? ;

; .

- -

, ,

() .

, ,

: .

;:

: :

. , ,

() ,

, :

SU7-13
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

. - :

- ;

- :

SU7-14
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

. -, -, -

; -

, .

SU7-15
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

1. , , 1997

SU7-16
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 7

1.

2. - -

3. ?

4. - .

5. - ?

SU7-17
STUDY UNIT 8
8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

8.

SU8-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

()

; ;

, !

! !

! !

SU8-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

SU8-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

! ?

10

! !

11

SU8-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

; ; ;

. , ;

. , ,

, , , - -

SU8-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

. ,

, , , () -

. .

; ;

, ;

105; 100; , ,

, , ,

, , ,

, , , -

, ,

, , , , ,

, - ,

(1-2)

, , ,

, -
.

. ,

(3-5)

; ;

; ; .

SU8-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

; ; ;

; ; ;

; ,

. , ;

(. 6 - 8)

, ; ; ,

; ; ; ,

; ;

; .

, ;

; .

; ( - )

(9-11)

, ,

. ,

, .

. ?; ?;

()

SU8-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

; ; ; ,

; ; ; ;

? ;

(12-15)

- - ;

. ()

; .

. ; ;

- .

, ,

, .

- , - ,

. -

SU8-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

SU8-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

, - ,

, ,

. ,

, ;

SU8-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

1. , , , 2014

SU8-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 8

1.

2. , ;

3. - -

SU8-12
STUDY UNIT 9
9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 9

9. -

1
; -

, ;

2 ; -

, -

SU9-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 9

3 -

; -

! -

, !

SU9-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 9

9. -

. ,

, ,

. , ,

. ;

SU9-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 9

, ,

. ,

.
;

() ;

. ,

. -

, ;
-

,
:

() ; ;

, ;

; ,

, ,

, ;

SU9-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 9

; ; ! ,

. .

, , - .

;
,

;
.

SU9-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 9

(-),

SU9-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 9

1. , , , .

SU9-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 9

1.
?

2.

3.
?

SU9-8
STUDY UNIT 10
10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

10

. ,

. ,

. ,

. .

. .

, ,

SU10-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

( .19).

, (), (.), (.

.. ), ( ), (.

), , , ( ),

, (. )

. , ,

, ,

. ,

. .

. .

. ,

; .

SU10-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

1. -

! -

, ,

. ,

SU10-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

2.

()

SU10-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

3. -

SU10-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

; ,

4.

SU10-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

5.

: ;

, ,

SU10-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

6.

, ,

, ,

SU10-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

7.

, .

. , ,

. ,

8.

SU10-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

9.

. ,

. , .

SU10-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

10.

() - .

, . (

)
SU10-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

. ,

. ,

11.

( )

. .

SU10-12
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

. ,

. ,

12.

SU10-13
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

13.

, .

, ,

. ,

. .

SU10-14
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

14. !

SU10-15
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

15. !

( ).

, ,

. .

16.

SU10-16
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

. , ,

17.

? !

? ! .

SU10-17
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

! .

18. !

, .

, ,

.
SU10-18
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

SU10-19
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

-44

. .

SU10-20
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

, .

SU10-21
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

SU10-22
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

/ /

() / / ,

SU10-23
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

SU10-24
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

SU10-25
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

SU10-26
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

()

SU10-27
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

. .

? .

SU10-28
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

. ,

. ,

, ,

() .

SU10-29
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

SU10-30
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

, , .

SU10-31
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

, , , ,

SU10-32
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

1. , (1994), , ,

2. (. ) (1997), ,

, , ,

SU10-33
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 10

1. ?

2. ?

3.

SU10-34
STUDY UNIT 11
11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

11

(.) .

; .

. .

. ,

. , , ,

, ,

, 1991) .

SU11-1
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

,,

. .

: :

. ,

. .

(, )

SU11-2
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

, ......

, ,

( ) .

( )

. ,

(, -31)

( -

149 ( ) .

SU11-3
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

, ,

.,

. ,

; .

. ?

SU11-4
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

? .

. , ,

. .

, .

SU11-5
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

! !

SU11-6
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

. .

SU11-7
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

! !

.)

.)

/ / .

. .

SU11-8
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

! !

. .

. .

SU11-9
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

. ?

SU11-10
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

. .

, .

SU11-11
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

SU11-12
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

. .

. ;

SU11-13
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

- .

SU11-14
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

SU11-15
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

SU11-16
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

; !

! !

SU11-17
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

SU11-18
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

. .

! ;

; !

( )

SU11-19
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

. .

SU11-20
 TLL201 STUDY UNIT 11

1. .

2. ?

3.

SU11-21