Professional Documents
Culture Documents
For Stringing Training
For Stringing Training
TRANSMISSION LINES
STRINGING - METHODS
Basically there are three methods of stringing
Manual Method
Tension Method
Helicopter method
STRINGING METHODS
Manual Method:
In this method, conductor is pulled along the
ground by means of a pulling vehicle. The
conductor drum shall be mounted on a drum
lifting jack.
The major drawback is that surface condition of
the conductor will get damaged
Tension stringing method
This method is used to keep conductor surface safe during stringing process.
In this method, the conductor is kept under tension during the stringing
process to keep the conductor clear of the ground.
A pulling line is initially pulled into the travelers which is then used to pull
the conductor from the reel stands using specially designed tensioners and
pullers.
There are basically two types of pulling machines used in the construction of
transmission lines being strung under tension. These are defined as bullwheel and
drum/reel-type.
Pullers should be equipped with load-indicating and load-limiting devices.
Tensioners should be equipped with tension indicating devices. The capacities of the
puller and tensioner should be based on the conductor, span length, terrain, and
clearances required above obstructions.
Sag tensions should never be exceeded during stringing. Required capacity for both
puller and tensioner can be calculated as mentioned in IEE 524.
Positive braking systems are required for pullers and tensioners to maintain
conductor tension when pulling is stopped.
The pulling and braking systems should operate smoothly and should not cause any
sudden jerking or bouncing of the conductor
TENSION STRINGING TOOLS AND PLANTS
Details
Essential parameter
Maximum Tension(kN):30
Continuous Tension(kN):25
Maximum speed (km/h):5
Bullwheel bottom of groove dia
meter(mm):1200
Number of grooves:5
Maximum pullback (kN):20
Maximum suitable conductor di
ameter (mm): 32,
Engine power /speed (kW/rpm)
:11/2200
Dimensions (mm): 3560 1600
2220
Weight(kg):1700
Features of Tensioner (YK-YZ30A)
It adequate to tension releasing various conducts and earthwires .and also useful
for tension releasing OPGW optic cable compounded earth wire and ADSS self
stand optic cable .etc
Hydraulic Puller (YK-YQ30)
Essential parameter
Maximum linepull (kN):30
Continuous linepull (kN):25
Maximum linespeed (km/h):5
Bullwheel bottom of groove
diameter(mm) :300
Bullwheel grooves number : 7
Maximum suitable steelrope
diameter (mm): 13
Maximum through connector
diameter (mm): 40
Engine power /speed
(kW/rpm):31/2200
Dimensions(mm):320016002000
Weight (kg): 1500
Features of (YK-YQ30):
1. Infinitely variable speed and line control ,the pull in the rope
can be read on the line pull gauge .
2. The max pull for conductor stringing operation can preset
,automatic overpull protection system .
3. Spring applied hydraulic release brake acts automatically in
case of hydraulic failure ensure to safety .
4. Attached reel winder with automatically level wind .load and
unload conveniently .
main component :
1.Chinese famous diesel engine.
2. Main pump:SAUER SUNDSTRAND pump .main motor : SAI
techniques product .
3. Radiator:AKG
4.Hydraulic instrument:WIKA
5.Mating with model GSP950 drum
Stringing tools
Engine-winch-machine-
hydraulic-compressor
compression die sets diesel-5-ton-capacity
machine-motorised
Equalizer-pulley Eye-type-four-sheave Four-Sheave-pulley
pulley
hydraulic-cond-cutter- kitto-clamp
open-type-single
two-cup-up-to-40mm-dia-
sheave-pulley
acsr
OPGW-Cable-Comealong patta clamp
pulley-blocks
Turn-buckle-3t-10t
turn-table-with-
snatch-type-
swivel-joint & breaking
steel-pulley
connector
HELICOPTER METHOD
?
During stringing what should be strung first
Swivel
Tensioner Puller
OPGW Cable with optical fiber are similar to those used for installation of the standard
ground wire cable special care should be taken to avoid any damage to the fibers by
observing the minimum bending radius at all times
Therefore, specific components and machinery are used for the OPGW cable: pullers,
tensioners, anti twisting counterweights, swivels, pulling grips, pulley-blocks, self-
gripping clamps, pulling ropes, pulling cables, etc
Survey of the line:
The OPGW drum lengths are determined based on the following considerations:
position of the tension towers, tower access, distance between supports and crossing
with other lines, roads, railways, routes, services and other obstacles.
The position of the splices depends on the maximum available length of OPGW, on the
position of the towers and the tower access.
Transport, loading, unloading and storage:
The drums should always be transported in vertical position with the cable ends
fixed to prevent cable from slackening. All of the staves and/or safeguards should
be maintained until the drums are situated for immediate installation.
After the transport, the drums should be inspected to verify that they have not
been damaged and that none of the staves and/or safeguards are broken.
The drums should never, under any circumstances, be thrown from the lorry
during unloading, nor moved by uncontrolled rolling.
Loading and unloading are performed so that the drum ream ins in vertical
position and the sides of the drum are not damaged.
The drums can be moved by rolling a short distance ensuring that there are no
objects that may damage the staves. The direction in which the drum turns
should be the same as that in which the cable is wound during manufacture.
The drum should not be stored on its side under any circumstances whatsoever.
The ends of the cable should be sealed to prevent water penetration.
The drums should be stored on flooring that is strong enough to prevent sinking.
The drums should be stored to facilitate handling and loading. They should be
located far from any activity that may damage them.
Positioning the equipments
The drum must be located at a distance of 2 or 3 metres from the tensioner.
The lifting components usually used are hydraulic jacks and a bar with the
suitable dimensions inserted in the central opening of the drum. The drum
must be located at a height of 10 to 15 cm from the ground.
Puller and tensioner
Either the puller and the tensioner must be placed at a minimum distance from
the tower equal or greater than 2 times the height of the tower. The tensioner
as well as the puller should be placed aligned with the conductors. The
maximum acceptable deviation angle is 30. (a < 30 see Figure)
If it is not possible to achieve this angle, the puller and/or the tensioner are placed
close to the following tower, using an additional pulling cable of the required
length.
90 or less retracking of the optic cable is not allowed.
The tensioner as well as the puller should be positioned at a minimum distance
equivalent to twice the height of the support to which the cable is fastened.
Positioning the equipments
The tensioner must be equipped with a dynamometer (i). Its reels must be
protected with material that does not damage the outer layer of the OPGW cable.
The puller must also be equipped with a dynamometer with automatic
disconnection in case of over tension on the cable.
The pulling cable should be joined to the OPGW cable by a swivel and a pulling
grip
The minimum diameter of the reels (where the OPGW is to be coiled) used during
the installation should be at least 80 times the diameter of the OPGW cable, with
no need of exceeding 1500mm. For example, the tensioner reels for a 15mm
cable should have a diameter of approximately 1.2 meters.
In the tensioner, the first groove the cable will pass through must be
perpendicular to the axis of the drum. A double armour OPGW in the tensioner it
will enter from the left and leave from the right for right-hand lay sense (and from
the right and leave from the left for left-hand lay sense).
Ground connection of the OPGW
the breaking device and the puller have to be suitably connected to the ground by a
system of moveable rollers
Before commencing of stringing, the angle towers where the stringing is to be started
have to be provided with guy supports for all the phases.
What are the precautions which should be taken at the time of guying?
The guys used generally are 20 mm steel wire rope. The guys are attached to the
tower at the tip of the cross arm , to the strain plates with suitable D-shackles.
The guys are anchored in the ground at an angle of 45 deg. or less from the
horizontal, attached to dead end anchors .
The guy wire is attached to the dead end anchor wire with the help of turn buckles of
10 tons capacity.
In 400 KV lines V-type insulator strings are used on all suspension A-O and A-5 towers (up to a
deviation of 5 degrees). Double tension insulator strings are used at all B-30, C-60 and DE type
Tension towers.
The number of insulator units to be used on various types of strings are vary.
Double suspension insulator strings are used in 132 KV & 220 KV lines on Suspension towers of
River and Power line Crossings only.
Double Tension insulator strings are used in 132 KV & 220 KV lines on Tension towers of Railway,
River and Power Line Crossings only
What are the precautions which should be taken at the time of insulator hoisting?
INSULATOR HOISTING:
PRECAUTIONS:
After opening of the crates, insulators shall be laid in series, on wooden
planks below the suspension points.
The insulators shall be cleaned with water and wiped dry with cloth free from
grease and oil.
Insulators shall be checked for any chipping or crack and shall be replaced
with new one.
The no. of insulators required for string shall be joined and R clips in the
clevis shall be expanded to avoid slippage of the pin.
The hardware of the string on the tower side is assembled and joined to the
first insulator by ball eye.
The bottom insulator is joined to the twin moose roller. The neoprene rubber
cushion on the outer rollers shall be checked for any cracks/wearing out and
shall be changed if required.
A single sheave pulley is fixed to the cross arm very near to the suspension
hanger. A 20 mm polypropylene rope is passed through the pulley.
Both the end of the rope is brought to the ground. One end of the rope is
firmly tied below the 3rd or 4th insulator. The complete string with roller is
lifted up by pulling the rope through a pulley attached to one of the tower
legs by using tractor/manually.
After reaching the top the string is attached to the suspension hanger and
string is released slowly to hang free.
Precautions shall be taken for hosting of insulator strings:
Semicircular grooves with depths in the order of 0.5 or more times the conductor
diameter and with flare angles in the order of 5 to 15 from the vertical generally
have been found to be satisfactory for stringing.
The number of grooves in the bull wheel must be sufficient to prevent the outer
layer of wires of multilayer conductors from slipping over underlying layers.
In order to avoid loosening of outer layer of strands as it passes on bull wheel, for
normal conductors having a right-hand direction of lay for the outer wires, bull
wheels should be arranged so that, when facing in the direction of pull, the
conductor will enter the bull wheel on the left and pull off from the right side and
will enter the bull wheel on the right and pull off from the left side for normal
conductor with outer layer having left had direction of lay.
The material and finish of the grooves must be such as not to damage the surface
of the conductor.
PAYING OUT OF CONDUCTOR: