V1498454791amathematics 9th Solution PDF

CHAPTER
SECTION
B
1 REAL NUMBERS
TOPIC-1
Rational Numbers
WORKSHEET-1
98 98 875
1. = = 49 = 7 5. –0.00875 = −
2 2 100000
So, it is a rational number. 1 − 35
177 59 × 3 3 =
2. = = . 1 4000
413 59 × 7 7 −7
3. Yes, zero is a rational number. = 2
800
0 0 0
Zero can be expressed as , , etc, [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
5 26 100
6. Since LCM of 7 and 11 is 77,
p
which are in the form of, where p and q are 5 5 11 55
q \ = = = 1
7 7 11 77
integers and q ≠ 0. 2 5 5 11 55
and = = = 1
1 7 7 11 77
4. x=
7 5
Hence, three rational numbers between and
7
0.142857

)
7 10 9
11
are :
7

30 56 57 58
, , 1
28 77 77 77
20
14 7. Any example & verification of example :
60 Let m = 4/5, n = 9/2
56 9 4 37
Difference = − = (Rational Number) 1
40 2 5 10
35 4 9 53
Sum = + = (Rational Number) 1
50 5 2 10
49 4 9 36
Product = × = (Rational Number) 1
1 5 2 10

9 4 45
\ x = 0.142857 2 Division = ÷ = (Rational Number) 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 2 5 8
WORKSHEET-2
7
58 2. = 0.875. 1
1. = 0.058 (Decimal point is shifted three 8

1000
places to the left) 1 31
3. = 0.248. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 125
S O L U T I O N S P-1
7. Let a = 3 & b = 4
2157
4. = 3.4512 1½ Here, we find six rational numbers, i.e., n = 6
625
Terminating ½ b−a 4−3 1
So d = = =
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] n +1 6+1 7
Alternative Method : 1 22
3.4512 1st rational number = a + d = 3 + = ½
7 7
625) 2157 1
1875 2 23
2nd rational number = a + 2d = 3 + = ½
2820 7 7
2500 3 24
3200 3rd rational number = a + 3d = 3 + = ½
7 7
3125
750 4 25
4th rational number = a + 4d = 3 + = ½
625 7 7
1250 5 26
5th rational number = a + 5d = 3 + = ½
1250 7 7
×
6 27
2157 6th rational number = a + 6d = 3 + = ½
= 3.4512 (Terminating) 1 7 7
625
22 23 24 25 26
5. Two rational numbers between 0.1212212221 ... So, six rational numbers are , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7
and 0.1414414441 ... are 0.13 and 0.14
22
13 14 & .
i.e. and
100 100 7

13 7 8. Since LCM of 5 and 6 is 30
⇒ and . 2
100 50
1 1 5 5 5 25
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] \ = × = × = ½
6 6 5 30 5 150
6. LCM of 5 and 7 is 35 1 1 6 6 5 30
and = × = × = ½
3 3 7 21 5 5 6 30 5 150
\ = × = ½
5 5 7 35
1
5 5 5 25 Hence, four rational numbers between
and = × = ½ 6
7 7 5 35
1
21 22 23 24 25 and are :
so, < < < < ½ 5
35 35 35 35 35
The required three rational numbers are 26 27 28 29
, , , ½+½+½+½
22 23 24 150 150 150 150
, and . ½
35 35 35 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
WORKSHEET-3
1 4 4 5
1. − = − 1 2. 4 = × 5 and 5 = × 5
3 12 5 5
2 8 20 25

and − = −
i.e., 4 = and 5 =
3 12 5 5
So three rational numbers and are
21 22
5 6 7 The numbers are and 1
− , − , − 5 5
12 12 12
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
P-2 M A T H E M A T I C S – IX
3. Let, x = 0.999.... 6 2
⇒ x = = . 1

⇒ 10x = 9.999.... 9 3

⇒ 10x–x = (9.999.....) – (0.999.......) ½
7. 1000x = 237.237 1

⇒ 9x = 9
237

⇒ x = 1 ½ ⇒ x = 1
999
4. Let, x = 2.9 = 2.9999 ...... [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

⇒ 10x = 29.999.... Alternative Method : Let

⇒ 10x – x = (29.999.....) – ( 2.999 ......) x = 0.237 = 0.237237237237.......

⇒ 9x = 27

⇒ 1000x = 237.237237........ ½
27
⇒ x = ⇒ 1000x – x = (237.237237.....) – (0.237237....) ½

9

⇒ 999x = 237 ½
= 3 1
5. Let, x = 0.777.... 237
\ x = .. ½
999

⇒ 10x = 7.777......

⇒ 10x – x = (7.777......) – (0.777.....) 8. Let x = 0.328 = 0.3282828....... ½

⇒ 9x = 7

⇒ 10x = 3.282828..... ½
7

⇒ x = . 1
⇒ 1000x = 328.282828........ ½
9
⇒ 10000x – 10x = 328.2828..... – 3.2828..... ½

6. Let, x = 0.6
x = 0.6666................. ....(i)
⇒ 990x = 325.000
multiplying 10 on both the sides, we get, 325 65

⇒ x = = . 1
10 x = 6.6666 ....(ii) 1 990 198
From (ii) – (i), we get
9 x = 6.0
TOPIC-2
Irrational Numbers
WORKSHEET-4
1. 0.13 is a terminating number. So, it is not an
irrational number. 2. No, it may be rational or irrational. 1
0.1315 = 0.131515......, 15 is repeating

3. Required two irrational number are :
continuously, so it is not an irrational number.
(i) .10100100010000......... 1
0.1315 = 0.13151315...., is repeating continuously,

so it is not an irrational number.
(ii) .1020020002000........ 1
0.3013001300013...., non-terminating and non 4. 0.5101001000100001..... and
recurring decimal. Hence, it is an irrational
number. 0.502002000200002.... .
So, 0.3013001300013 is an irrational number. 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
Using Pythagoras theorem, we see that
5
5. = 0·714285 OC = 12 + 12 = 2 ½
7
9 Construct CD =1 unit length perpendicular to
= 0·81 1 OC, then using Pythagoras theorem, we see
11
that
5
Hence three inrrational numbers between OD = ( 2 )2 + 12 = 3 ½
7
9 Using a compass with centre O and radius OD,
and can be :
11 draw an arc which intersects the number line

at the point Q, then Q corresponds to 3 1
0·727227222........... 1
0·737337333........... 7. Let two irrational numbers are :
0·747447444........... 1 6 and
3,
(i) 6− 3
6. = Difference is an irrational number.
(ii) 6 + 3
= sum is an irrational number.
(iii) 6 × 3 = 18 = 3 2
= product is an irrational number.
(iv) 6 / 3 = 2
Let AB = BC =1 unit length 1
= division is an irrational number. 1 × 4 = 4
WORKSHEET-5
Marks the distance 9.5 units from a fixed point
1. Sum of 2 5 and 3 7 = 2 5 + 3 7 . 1
A on a given line to obtain a point B such that
2. Since, 5 = 2.236 AB = 9.5 units from B, marks a distance of 1
Hence, the irrational number between 2 and 2.5 unit and mark the new point as C. Find the mid
point of AC and mark that point as O. Draw a
is 5 . 1
semi-circle with centre O and radius OC. Draw
( ) ( 2) + ( 5) a line perpendicular to AC passing through B
2 2 2
3. 2+ 5 +2× 2 × 5
= and intersecting the semi-circle at D. 1½
= 2 + 5 + 2 10 . then BD = 9.5
To represent 9.5 on the number line, let us

= 7 + 2 10 (Irrational Number). 1
treat the line BC as the number line, with B as
1 zero (c) as 1 and so on. ½
4. Given, = 0.142857142857......... ½ Draw an arc with centre B and radius BD which
7
intersect the number line at E
2
= 0.285714285714...... ½ \ E represents 9.5 1
7 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Hence, required number can be 6.
0.160160016000... 1
5.

Mark the distance 4.5 units from a fixed point A

on a given line to obtain a point B such that AB
= 4.5 units. From B, mark a distance of 1 unit and
mark the new point as C. Find the mid-point of AC
and mark that point as O. Draw a semi-circle with Mark the distance 9.3 units from a fixed point A
centre O and radius OC. Draw a line perpendicular
on a given line to obtain a point B such that AB
to AC passing through B and intersecting the semi-
circle at D. = 9.3 units from B, mark a distance of 1 unit and
mark the new point as C. Find the mid-point
Then, BD = 4.5
of AC and mark that point as O. Draw a semi-
To represent 4.5 on the number line, let us circle with centre O and radius OC. Draw a line
treat the line BC as the number line, with B as perpendicular to AC passing through B and
zero, C as 1, and so on. 1 intersecting the semi-circle at D. 1
Draw an arc with centre B and radius BD, which 9.3
intersects the number line at E. 1 Then, BD = 1
To represent 9.3 on the number line,let us

\E represents
4.5 1
treat the line BC as the number line, with B as
7.
zero, C as 1, and so on.
Draw an arc with centre B and radius BD, which
intersects the number line at E. 1
\ E represents 9.3

`
TOPIC-3
nth Root of Real Number
WORKSHEET-6
(5 + 5 )(5 − 5 ) = {52 − ( 5 ) }
2 3
1.
3
6. 40 = 2 3 × 5 = 2 3 5 ½
½
3 3
320 = 4 5 ½
= {25 – 5} 3 3 3 3 3 3
∴ 3 40 − 4 320 − 5 = 3 × 2 5 − 4 × 4 5 − 5
= 20 ½
3
= −11 5 1
2. 12 × 8 = 2 3 × 2 2 = 4 3 × 2 = 4 6 . 1 Alternative Method :

8
3. 4 28 ÷ 3 7 = 4 × 2 7 ÷ 3 7 = 1 3
40 = 3
2 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 23 5 ½
3
3 3
320 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
4. 8 3 − 2 3 + 4 3 = 3 ( 8 − 2 + 4 )
= 2 × 2 3 5 = 4 3 5 ½
= 10 3 2
3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 40 − 4 3 320 − 3 5
1 = 3 × 23 5 − 4 × 43 5 − 3 5 ½
5. 50 − 98 + 162
3
= 5×5×2 − 7×7×2 + 3×3×3×3×2 ½ = 6 3 5 − 16 3 5 − 3 5 = −11 5 . ½
= 5 2 − 7 2 + 9 2 ½ 7. 2 50 × 3 32 × 4 18
= 7 2 ⇒ 10 2 × 12 2 × 12 2

= 2880 2 2
8. LCM of 2 and 3 is 6 1 = 6 72
6
½
3 6 2 3
2 3 × 3 2 = 2 × 3 3 × 2 ½ 9. 3 45 − 125 + 200 − 50
= 6 72 ½
6 = 9 5 − 5 5 + 10 2 − 5 2
1½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = 4 5+5 2
1½
Alternative Method
LCM of 2 and 3 is 6 −1 −1
1 2 10.

(729 ) 6 = (36 ) 6 = 3−1 2
\
2 3
3 = 2 (3 ) ×
3 2
= 2 3
6 2
½
1
1 3 1 =
and 3 2 = 3 ( 2 ) 2 × 3 = 3 6 2 3
½ 3
Now, 2 3 3 × 3 2 = 2 6 9 × 3

6
8 ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
WORKSHEET-7
2
1. b = a ⇒ a = b. 1
(
7. 5 2 3 + 2 5 + 2 )( ) 1
( )( ) ( b)
2 2 2
2. a + b a − b = ( a ) − = a − b. 1
= 5 2 17 + 8 2  = 85 2 + 80 1

3. 72 + 800 − 18
Alternative Method :
= 36 × 2 + 400 × 2 − 9 × 2
= 6 2 + 20 2 − 3 2 = 23 2 1
5 2 3+ 2 5+ 2
( )( )

(
= 5 2 15 + 3 2 + 5 2 + 2

) 1
4
4. 16 =
4
2×2×2×2 =2 = 5 2 (17 + 8 2 ) ½

3 3
343 = 7×7×7 =7 = 85 2 + 40 × 2 = 85 2 + 80 ½

5 5
243 = 3×3×3×3×3 = 3 8. x = 3 − 2 2
196 = 14 1 ⇒ x = 1 + 2 − 2 2 ½

4 3 5
\ 16 − 6 343 + 18 243 − 196
x = ( 2 − 1)
2
⇒

= 2 – 6 × 7 + 18 × 3 – 14
= 2 – 42 + 54 –14 ⇒
x = 2 −1 ½
= 56 –56 = 0. 1 1 1 2 +1
⇒
x
=
2 −1
×
2 +1 = 1+ 2 ( ) ½
(4 ) ( ) ( ) − (3 2 )
2 2
5. 3 +3 2 × 4 3 −3 2 = 4 3 1
1
⇒ x+ = 2 −1+ 2 +1 = 2 2 ½
= 48 – 18 ½ x
= 30. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2013, 2012] 5 + 2 6 = 3+2+2 6
9.
( )
2
6. 4 3 − 3 5
( )
2
= 3+ 2
( ) + (3 5 )
2 2
= 4 3 −2×4 3 ×3 5 1 = 3+ 2 1
[Using (a–b)2 = a2 + b2 –2ab] 8 − 2 15 = 5 + 3 − 2 15

= 48 + 45 − 24 15 ½
( )
2
= 5− 3 = 5− 3
= 93 − 24 15
1
= 3 31 − 8 15 . ( ) ½
∴ 5 + 2 6 + 8 − 2 15

( 3) + ( 2)
2 2
= 3+ 2+ 5− 3 ½ = +2× 3× 2 1

= 2 + 5 ½
( 5) + ( 3)
2 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] + −5 5 ½

( ) ( )
2 2
= 3+ 2 + 5− 3 ½
5+2 6 + 8 − 2 15

= 3+ 2+ 5− 3
½
= 3+2+2
3×2 + 5+3−2 5×3
= 2+ 5 ½
TOPIC-4
Laws of Exponents with Integral Powers
WORKSHEET-8
1500 1 1500 −2
1. = ×
2 15 2 15 6.  12  3 1
 x  ( y4 )2 −1 1 1
1 10 3 ·y 2 ·x 4 ·y 4
= × 100 = =5 1 −1 −1 = x 2
2 2 x y
4 4

2. (256)0.16 × (256)0.09 9

= (256)0.25 = (256)1/4 = (44)1/4= 4 1 −1 9 y4
x 12 ·y 4 =
3. (13 + 23 + 33)–3/2 = (1 + 8 + 27)–3/2 ½ = 1
x 12 1

= (36)–3/2 ½
= [(6)2]–3/2 = 6–3 ½
lternative Method :
A
1 1 2
= = ½ 1
( x)
−
6 3
216

3 y4 ÷ (xy )− 2
− 1
 1 3 1
 1
− 2
4. Given, a = 2 and b = 3.
 
2
=  x  . ( )
y4 2 ÷ ( xy ) 2 
 
b a 3 2 ½
a + b = 2 + 3 ½
= 8 + 9 1 −1
−
1
= x 3 ·y 2 ÷ ( xy ) 4 ½
= 17 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] −1 1
= x 3 ·y 2 × ( xy ) 4 ½

( ) + (3 ) −( )
2 2 2
5. 2 2 −5 2+ 3 2 −1 −1 1 1
+ 2+
3 4 ·y 4
= x ½

( ) ( )
2 2
= 2 2 – 2(2 2 )(5) + (5)2 + 3 2 + 2(3 2 ) −1 9

= x 12 ·y 4 ½

( 2)
2
( 3 ) + ( 3 )2 – 2
– (1) +2( 2 ) (1) 1
9
y4
= 8 + 25 – 20 2 + 18 + 3 + 6 6 – 2 – 1 + 2 2
1
1 = x 12 ½

= 51 – 18 2 + 6 6
1
7. (xa–b)a+b. (xb–c)b+c. (xc–a)c+a
8. 2 4 81 − 8 3 216 + 15 5 32 + 225 − 4 16
a2 − b2 b2 − c2 c 2 − a2 1
= x .x .x 1 1 1 1
a 2
− b2 + b2 − c 2 + c 2 − a2
= 2 34

( ) 4 − 8 63 ( ) 3 + 15 2 5 ( ) 5 + 15 − 2 4 ( ) 4

1
= x 1

= 2 × 3 – 8 × 6 + 15 × 2 + 15 – 2 1
= x0 = 1
= 6 – 48 + 30 + 15 – 2 1

(Any number to the power 0 is 1) 1
= 51 – 50 = 1 1
WORKSHEET-9
1
 1 2 1 4 4 4 4
1. ½ ½
[(16) ] =  4 2

( ) 2

= [4]2

½ 5.
( 216 )
−
2
3
−
( 256 )
−
3
4
=
−
2
−
−
3
1
 (44 ) 4 (63 ) 3
= 2 ½ = 4 × 62 – 43 1
= 144 – 64 = 80 1
−2 1 / 4 −2 x 1 / 4 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012, 2011]
2.
4
625 −2 = ( 625 ) = ( 625 )
= ( 625 −1 / 2 ) 4 4 4 4
− −
1/2 2 3 = 2 3 1
− − − −
 1  1 ( 6 3 3
) ( 4 4 4
) ( 6 3 ) 3 ( 4 4 ) 4
=  = 1    
 625  25
4 1
= −2 − −3 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 6 4
= 4 × 62 – 43 ½
3. Given, a = 2 and b = 3. = 144 – 64 ½
(i) (ab + ba)–1 = (23 + 32)–1 ½ = 80 ½

= (8 + 9)–1 = 17–1
6. (i) (52+25)–1 ½
1
= ½ 1
17 = 1
a b –1 2 3 –1 57
(ii) (a + b ) = (2 + 3 ) ½
(ii) (55+22)–1 ½
= (4 + 27)–1 = 31–1
1
1 = 1
= ½ 3129
31
(i) (xy +yx)–1 = (52 + 25)–1
½
5 5
−
5
−
5 −
 2  4  4
−
 5  2  2 = (25 + 32)–1 ½
 81  4  25  2 1
4.   ×  =    ×   
16  9    3   = (57)–1 = ½
 3  57
(ii) (xx +yy)–1 =(55 + 22)–1
½
½
= (3125 + 4)–1 ½
1
 3
−5
 5
−3 = (3129)–1 = ½
=   ×  ½ 3129
 2  3

7 5
5 3 −
 2  3  5 −1 × 7 2  2  5 −2 × 7 3  2
=   ×  ½ 7. 
−4 
× 3  ½
 3  5 2
 5 × 7 −5 
5 ×7 
23 8 7
−
5
= 3 = ½  74 × 72  2  75 × 73  2
5 125 =  2 × 3
1  1
 5 × 5   5 × 72 
1 1 1 4 5 2
 7 42  2  525  2  7 42 525  2 8. 3
− 1
+ 1
=  21  ×  40  ×  21 × 40  ½ −
( 2187 ) 7
−
( 256 ) 4 (13312 )
−
3
5  7  5 7 

1 1
1 1 1
( 2187 7 )3 – 5 × 2561/4 + 2 (1331 3 )2
 7 42  2 7  525  2 42
525  2 ½ = 4 × 1½
=  21  ×  40  =  21 × 40 
5  7  5 7   13  12
1

= 4 ×  3

( )
7 7

– 5 × (4 ) 4 1/4
+ 2 ×  11

3
( ) 3

2
= (7 × 54 ) 2
1½
= 7 × 52 = 7 × 25 ½ = 4 × 27 – 5 × 4 + 2 × 121
= 108 – 20 + 242 = 330 1
= 175
WORKSHEET-10
3 1
16 3 / 4 +
1
1. = (16 ) 4 4 = (16 ) = 16. 1
16 −1 / 4 c
x a( b − c )  x b  x ab − ac x bc
2. = [7(81 + 256 ) ] 1/4 1/4 1/4 4 ÷   = ÷ ½
x b( a − c )  x 
a
x ba − bc x ac
= [7(3 + 4)1/4]4
= [7·71/4]4 = (xab–ac–ba+bc) ÷ (xbc–ac) ½
= [7·71/4]4

= (xbc–ac) ÷ (xbc–ac) ½
= [75/4]4 = 75
= 1 ½
1
3.
  1 1 3 4 1 1 1
34
5  8 3 + 27 3   =  5 (2 + 3)  1 5. 2x × (22)x = ( 2 3 ) 3 × ( 2 5 ) 5 1
    
  
23x = 22 1

= 5 1 ( )
4 1
4 \ x =
2
1
= 5 3
1 1 Alternative Method :
  1 1 3  4   1 1 3  4
 5 8 3 + 27 3    5 ( 2 3 ) 5 + ( 33 ) 5  
Given,
=     ½
   
   
   1 1
2x × 4x = ( 8 ) 3 × ( 32 ) 5
1 1
3 3
=  5( 2 + 3)  4 =  5( 5)  4 1
 1 1
1 ⇒ 2x × (22)x = ( 2 3 ) 3 × ( 2 5 ) 5 ½

= ( 54 ) 4 = 51 = 5. ½

⇒ 2x . 22x = 21 × 21 ½
( )
c
x a( b − c )  x 
b ⇒
2x +2x = 21+1 ½
÷
4.
 ( )
x b( a − c )  x a  = 1

1 ⇒ 3x
2 = 2 2
½
comparing the power of both sides, we get
x ab − ac x bc
÷ = (xab–ac–ba+bc) ÷ (xbc–ac) 3x = 2 ½
x ba − bc x ac
2
= x0 = 1 1 ⇒ x = ½
3
x 2x 1 1
 2  3 18 a −1 a −1 a
6.   · 
3 2
= 1 + = + a 1
16 a −1 + b −1 a −1 − b −1 1 1 1 1
+ −
a b a b
2 x 32 x 34
⇒ · = 1 1 1
3x 2 2 x 2 4
⇒ 2x–2x.32x–x = 34.2–4 = a + a ½
a+b b−a
⇒ x–2x = – 4
ab ab
\ x = 4 1
b b
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = + ½
a + b b − a
( b − a ) + b( b + a )
x 2x
= ½
 2  3  81  ( b + a )( b − a )
· =  
 3   2   16 
b 2 − ab + b 2 + ab
= ½
x −2 x 4 b2 − a2
 2  2  3

⇒   ·  =  
 2
1 2b 2 − 2b 2
3 3 = =
2 2 2 2 ½
−( a − b ) a − b
x −2x −4
 2  2
⇒   =   1
3  3 −3  3
−3 
9.  81  4   9  2  5 
  ×   ÷ 
Comparing the exponents, we get 16  25   2 
 
x – 2x = – 4 ½ 3 3
 3
– x = – 4 ½  16  4  9  2  2  
=   ×   ÷  1
⇒ x = 4.  81   25   5 
 

7. xabc = (xa)bc 1 3 3
 
= (y)bc = (yb)c 1  2 4  4  32  2  2  3 

= (z)c = x =  4  ×  2  ÷    ½
3  5  5
xabc = x1   

abc = 1 1 3 3
 
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]  2  4  4   3  2  2  5  3 
=    ×     ×    1
 3    
  5 
 2

1 ab 1 ab  
8. · + 1
a b + a a b − a  2  3  3  3  5  3 
2 2 =   ×   ×    ½
b − ab + b + ab  3  5   2 
= 1 
b2 − a2   33  53 
23 2 3 33
−2b 2
×
= 33  53  × 2 3  = 3 × 3 ½
=    3 2
a 2
− b2 1

= 1 ½
WORKSHEET-11
−1  2
 −1  4
−1
−2 2
   −1  2
2.  132   143 
1.  ( 81) 2   = (81) 2  4
  = 4
 
143  132 
   

 

1
1 2
1  13 2  4

= (81) = 4 ( )
34 4 = 3. 1 4

13 × 11 

11 × 12 
=   
 12  

1 1 1
1
 13  2 ( 216 ) 12 , ( 256 ) 12 , (729 ) 12
=   =
13 In ascending order =
 12  1
2 3 4
= 6, 3 4, 3 ½+½
2 2 2
x −1 2x −8  x (a + b )  .  x ( b + c )  .  x ( c + a ) 
 a  b      
3. =  5.

 
b  a
(x x x )
a b c 4
x −1 −[ 2 x − 8 ]
 a  a 2a+ 2b 2b + 2c 2c + 2a
  =  1 = x .x .x
2
b  b 4a 4b 4c
x .x .x

⇒ x – 1 = – [2x – 8] 1 x 4a+ 4b+ 4 c
3x = 9 = 4a+ 4b+ 4 c ½
x = 3 1 x
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = 1 1½
1 1 1 6 4 3
4. 32 , 43 , 64 3 12 , 4 12 , 6 12 1 6. a – b = 0,
= x −1
2 2−x
6 4 3
⇒ x −2
− x + 1 = 0 1
= ( 36 ) 12 , ( 4 4 ) 12 , ( 6 3 ) 12 2 2
x – 1 – (x – 2) – x – (x + 1) = 0
⇒ 2 –2
1 1 1
⇒ 2 x – 1 – x + 2 – 2 – x – x – 1 = 0 1
= 729 12 , 256 12 , 216 12 1 ⇒ 21 – 2 – 2x – 1 = 0

1 1 1 ⇒ 2– 2x –1 = 21
In ascending order = ( 216 ) 12 , ( 256 ) 12 , (729 ) 12 ⇒ -2x – 1 = 1 1

4
6 , 3 4 , 3. . ⇒ -2x = 2
i.e., 1
⇒ x = –1 1
Alternative Method : Since LCM of 2, 3, 4 is 12.
1 1 1 7. 52x–1 – (52)x–1 = 2500 ½
3 4 2x–1 2x–2
∴ 4, 3, 6 = 43 , 32 , 64 ½ ⇒ 5 –5 = 2500 ½

⇒ 52x–2 (5 – 1) = 2500
1 4 1 6 1 3
× × ×
43 4, 32 6, 64 3, ½ 2500
= ⇒ 52x–2 = = 625 = 54 1½
4
4 1 1
4× 6× 3×
4 12 , 3 12 , 6 12 ½ ⇒ 2x – 2 = 4
=
⇒ 2x = 6
1 1 1
\ x = 3 1½
256 12 , 729 12 , 216 12 ½
= [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
TOPIC-5
Rationalization of Real Numbers
WORKSHEET-12
1 1 6−4 3 6−4 3
1. = 2. × ½
50 5×5×2
6 + 4 3 6 − 4 3
1 2 2
= × = 1 ( 6 − 4 3 )2
5 2 2 10 = ½
36 − 48
So,
rationalizing factor is 2.
=
36 + 48 − 48 3
½ =
(
30 5 3 + 3 5 ) ½
−12
75 − 45
=
84 − 48 3
−12
= −(7 − 4 3 ) = 4 3 − 7 ½
=

(
30 5 3 + 3 5 ) ½

30
1 1 (2 7 − 3 3 )
3. = × = 5 3+3 5 ½
2 7 +3 3 (2 7 + 3 3 ) (2 7 − 3 3 )
1 1 2
5. + +
2 7 −3 3 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 5
= 1
( 2 7 )2 − ( 3 3 )2

=
1
×
( 2 −1 )+ 1
=
2 7 −3 3
4×7−9×3
½

( 2 + 1) ( 2 −1 ) ( 3 + 2)
=
2 7 −3 3
½ ×
( 3− 2 )+ 2
×
( 5− 3 ) 1
1
( 3− 2) ( 5 + 3) ( 5− 3)

2 7 −3 3 ( 2 − 1) ( 3 − 2 ) 2( 5 − 3 )
= = + + 1
28 − 27 2 −1 3−2 5−3

1
= 2 7 − 3 3. = 2 −1+ 3 − 2 + 5 − 3 = 5 −1 1
4.
30
×
5 3+3 5
=
(
30 5 3 + 3 5 ) 6.
1
×
( )
2+ 3 + 4
5 3 − 3 5 5 3 + 3 5 2
(
5 3 − 3 5
2
) ( )
( 2+ 3 − 4 ) ( 2+ 3) +

4
1
½+1 2+ 3+ 4 2+ 3+ 4
= =
=
(
30 5 3 + 3 5 ) 1

( 2+ 3 )
2
−4 (2 + 3 + 2 6 ) − 4
30
2 + 3 + 4 1−2 6
= × 1
= 5 3 + 3 5 ½ 1+ 2 6 1−2 6
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 2 + 3 + 4 − 2 12 − 2 18 − 4 6
Alternative Method : = ½
12 − ( 2 6 )2

30 30 (5 3 + 3 5 ) 2 + 3 + 4 −4 3 −6 2 −4 6
5 3 − 3 5 = 5 3 − 3 5 × (5 3 + 3 5 )

( ) =
1 − 24
½
(rationalizing) ½ −5 2 − 3 3 + 2 − 4 6
= ½
−23
=
30 5 3 + 3 5 ( )
+5 2 + 3 3 + 4 6 − 2
( ) ( )
2 2
5 3 − 3 5 1 = ½
23
WORKSHEET-13
2 − 1 1.414 − 1
1 ( 2 − 1) = = = 0.414. 1
1. × = 2 −1 2 −1 1
( 2 + 1) ( 2 − 1)

= 1.414 – 1 1 3+ 2 3 + 2 5− 2
= 0.414 1 2. = × 1
5+ 2 5+ 2 5− 2

5 3+5 2 − 6 −2
1 1 ( 2 − 1) = 1
= × 25 − 25
2 +1 ( 2 + 1) ( 2 − 1)

5 3+5 2 − 6 −2
( 2 − 1) 1 = 1
= 23
( 2 )2 − (1)2

6 35 + 20 3 + 7 3 + 12 − 35 + 20 3 − 7 3 + 12
= 1
3. = 18 − 12 = 3 2 − 2 3 1 49 − 48
2+ 3

3 2
6 + 3 = 12 − 6 = 2 3 − 6 ½ =
40 3 + 24
1
(
= 8 8+5 3 .

) 1
4 3 5. LHS
= 18 − 6 = 3 2 − 6
6+ 3 ½ 1 1 1 1 1
= − + − +
3− 8 8− 7 7− 6 6− 5 5 −2
\ Given expression = 3 2 − 2 3 + 2 3
– 6 − 3 2 + 6 ½ 3+ 8 8+ 7 ( 7 + 6)
= − +
= 0 ½ ( 3 )2 − ( 8 )2 ( 8 )2 − ( 7 )2 ( 7 )2 − ( 6 )2
( 6 + 5) ( 6 + 2)
− + 1
6 3 2 4 3 ( 6 )2 − ( 5 )2 ( 5 )2 − ( 2 )2

× +
2 + 3 6+ 3 6+ 2
3 + 8 ( 8 + 7 ) ( 7 + 6) ( 6 + 5)
=
6
×
( ) + (3 2 )
3− 2

=
9−8
−
8−7
+
7−6
−
6−5
1

2+ 3 (
3 − 2) ( 6 + 3)
( 5 + 2)
[ a2 – b2 = (a – b) (a + b)] 1
×
( 6− 3)
−
4 3
×
( 6 − 2) 1
+
5−4

( 6− 3) ( 6 + 2) ( 6 − 2)

= 3+ 8 − 8 − 7 − 7 + 6 − 6 − 5 + 5 +2
18 − 12 3 12 − 3 6 4 18 − 4 6
= + − 1 = 3 + 2 = 5 = RHS 1
3−2 6−3 6−2
= 18 − 12 +
3 12 − 6
−
4 18 − 6( ) ( ) ½
6. Denominator = 10 + 2 5 + 2 10 − 5 − 4 5 1
3 4 = 3( 10 − 5 ) 1

½
= 18 − 12 + 12 − 6 − 18 + 6 = 0. 15 5 × ( 10 + 5 )
\ = 1
3( 10 − 5 ) 10 − 5
5+ 3 7+4 3
35 + 20 3 + 7 3 + 12
4. × =
7 − 4 3 7 + 4 3 49 − 48 = 10 + 5
47 + 27 3 = 3.2 + 2.2 = 5.4 1
= 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
1
and
5+ 3
=
5+ 3 7−4 3 ( )( ) 15

4+4 3

7+4 3 7−4 3 ( )( ) 10 + 20 + 40 − 5 − 80
23 − 13 3
= 1 15
1 = 1
10 + 2 5 + 2 10 − 5 − 4 5
= 5+ 3 5+ 3
− = (47 + 27 3 ) 15
7−4 3 7+4 3 = ½
– (23 – 13 3 ) − 3 5
3 10
15 ( 10 + 5 )
= 24 + 40 3 = 8(3 + 5 3 ) 1 = × 1
3 10 − 3 5 ( 10 + 5 )
Alternative Method : 5 × ( 10 + 5 )
= ½
5+ 3 5+ 3 10 − 5
−
7
− 4 3 7 +4 3 5( 3.2 + 2.2 )
= = 5.4 1
5
(5 + 3 ) (7 + 4 3 ) − (5 + 3 ) (7 − 4 3 ) 1
=

(7 − 4 3 )(7 + 4 3 )
WORKSHEET-14

1 1 2 = 3 − 5 − 12 + 12 − 3 ½
1. = ×
2 2 2 = – 5. ½
(rationalizing) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
2
=
2
1.414 5.
5+ 2
=
( 5 + 2)
×
( 5+ 2 )

=
2
= 0.707 1

5− 2 ( 5 − 2) ( 5+ 2 )
1
+ p = 0.707 + 3.141 ( 5 )2 + ( 2 )2 + 2 × 5 × 2
2 = 1
= 3.848. 1 ( 5 )2 − ( 2 )2

5 + 2 + 2 10
2 2 8 =
2. − + 5−2
5+2 10 − 2 2 2
2 ( 5 − 2) 2 7 + 2 × 3.162
= 1
= × −

( 5 + 2) ( )
5 − 2 ( 10 − 2 2 ) 3
7 + 6.324
( 10 + 2 2 ) 8 2 =
× + × 1 3
( 10 + 2 2 ) 2 2

13.324
10 − 2 2 2( 10 + 2 2 ) 8 2 =
= − + 1 3
5−4 10 − 8 2
= 4.441 (approx). 1
2( 10 + 2 2 )
= 10 − 2 2 − +4 2

= 10 − 2 2 − 10 − 2 2 + 4 2 1
b (
3− 5
×
) (
3−2 5 ) ½
6. a 5− =
3.
1
−
2
−
3

11

(
3+2 5 3−2 5) (

)
3+ 2 5− 3 2− 5

1 3− 2 2 9−6 5 −3 5 +2×5
= × − = 1
3 + 2 3 − 2 5 − 3
( 3 )2 − ( 2 5 ) 2
5+ 3 3 2+ 5
× − × 1 = 9 − 9 5 + 10 ½
5+ 3 2− 5 2+ 5
9 − 20
=
3− 2 2
−
( 5+ 3 ) − 3( 2+ 5 ) 1 19 − 9 5
1 2 −3 = ½
−11
= 3− 2− 5− 3+ 2+ 5 1

19 9 5 9 5 19
= 0 = − = − ½
−11 −11 11 11
b −19 9 5
9 a 5− = +
4. ( 3 + 1) 1 − 12 +( )
( 3 + 12 )
11 11 11
b 9 19
9 ( 12 − 3 ) ⇒ a 5− = 5− ½
= ( 3 − 6 + 1 − 12 + ) ×
( 12 + 3 ) ( 12 − 3 )
11 11 11
On comparing both sides, we get
(Rationalizing) 1
9
9( 12 − 3 ) a = , b = 19. ½

= ( 3 − 6 + 1 − 12 + ) 12 − 3
1 11
WORKSHEET-15
1 1
4 3 =
1. + x 2+ 3
3 3 − 2 2 3 3 + 2 2
1 2− 3
21 3 + 2 2 = ×
1
= 2+ 3 2− 3
19
21(1.732 ) + 2(1.414 ) = 2 − 3
= 1
19 = 2 – 3 1
x
39.2
= 1+½ 1
19 x+ = 4 1
x
= 2.063 ½
Squaring, both sides, we get
1
x 2 + 2 + 2 = 16
Alternative Method : x

4 3 1
+ x2 + = 14 1
3 3 − 2 2 3 3 + 2 2 x2

4( 3 3 + 2 2 ) + 3( 3 3 − 2 2 ) 1
= ½ 4. b =
( 3 3 − 2 2 )( 3 3 + 2 2 ) 2+ 5

12 3 + 8 2 + 9 3 − 6 2 1 2− 5
= ½ = × 1
27 − 8 2+ 5 2− 5
21 3 + 2 2 2− 5
= ½ = = −2 + 5
19 −1

( )
2
=
21 × 1.732 + 2 × 1.414
½ a2 = 2 + 5 =9+4 5 ½
19
( )
2
36.372 + 2.828 b2 = − 2 + 5 =9−4 5 ½
= ½
19
\ a2 + b2 = 9 + 4 5 + 9 − 4 5
39.2
= = 2.063. ½ = 18 1
1 3+2 2
2. x = × 5. x = 4 – 15
3−2 2 3+2 2

1 1 4 + 15
3+2 2 ⇒ = × 1
x = =3+2 2 1 x 4 − 15 4 + 15
9−8
1 4 + 15
1 3−2 2 =
and y = × x 16 − 15
3+2 2 3−2 2
1
= 4 + 15 1
3+2 2 x
= =3−2 2
9−8 1
2
1  2
x + y+ xy = 3+2 2 + 3 – 2 2 + (3+2 2 ) \  x +
 = ( 4 − 15 + 4 + 15 ) 1
x
(3 – 2 2 ) ½
= 6 + 9 – 8 = (8)2
= 7 ½ = 64 1
3.
x = 2 + 3
¨¨¨
SECTION
CHAPTER
B
2 POLYNOMIALS
TOPIC-1
Polynomials
WORKSHEET-16
1. 3x 2 − x − 1. 1 = 2 – 3 2 + 6 ½
2. Not defined 1 = 8 – 3 2 ½
3. Linear polynomial. 1 (ii) When x = 3
4. Not a polynomial. 1 then, p(3) = 32 – 3 × 3 + 6 ½
5. Constant polynomial is 7. 1 = 9 – 9 + 6 ½
6. Linear polynomial → 1 + x, degree = 1 ½ = 6 ½
Quadratic polynomial → x2 + x, degree = 2 ½ 9. f(x) = x2 – 5x + 7
Cubic polynomial → x – x3, 7x3, degree = 3 1 Then, f(2) = 22 – 5 × 2 + 7 = 1 1
7. f(x) = 3x + 5 f(–1) = (– 1)2 – 5 (–1) + 7
then, f(7) = 3 × 7 + 5 = 26 1 = 13 1
2
then, f(5) = 3 × 5 + 5 = 20 1  1  1  1 49
and f   =   − 5   + 7 = 1
∴ f(7) – f(5) = 26 – 20 = 6. 1  3  3  3 9
8. p(x) = x2 – 3x + 6
 1 49 −59
f(2) – f(–1) + f   = 1 − 13 + = 1
(i) When x = 2  3 9 9

then, p( 2 ) = ( 2 )2 − 3 × 2 + 6 ½
WORKSHEET-17
1. Binomial 1 10. f(y) = 2y3 – 5y2 + ay + b
2. Degree of a polynomial 3 is 0 1 f(2) = 2(2)3 – 5(2)2 + a(2) + b
3. 3
Degree of x + 5 = 3 = 0
Degree of 4 – x5 = 5 Þ 16 – 20 + 2a + b = 0 1
Þ 2a + b = 4 ...(i)
Degree of (x3 – 5) (4 – x5) = 3 + 5 = 8. 1
f(0) = b = 0
4. Every real number is a zero of the zero
polynomial. 1 from (i) 2a + 0 = 4
5. No. of zeroes of cubic polynomial = 3. 1 Þ a = 2
6. p (y) = y2 – y + 1 \ a = 2, b = 0 1
p (0) = 02 – 0 + 1 = 1 1
11. f(x) = x4 – 4x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 1
7. 2 x2 + 3x or 3 y2 + 3y. 1
π π f(0) = 1 1
8. Co-efficient of x in expression x2 + x – 7 is . 4 3 2
f(– 1) = (– 1) – 4(– 1) + 3(– 1) – 2(– 1) + 1
2 2
1 = 1 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 11
9. p(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 2x + 6 ½ f(2) = (2)4 – 4(2)3 + 3(2)2 – 2(2) + 1 1
= 16 – 32 + 12 – 4 + 1
Then, p( 2 ) = ( 2 )3 − 3( 2 )2 − 2( 2 ) + 6 ½ = 29 – 36 = – 7
= 2 2 − 6 − 2 2 + 6 ½ \ f(0) × f(– 1) = 11 ¹ f(2) 1
= 0 ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
12. f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 4 1 13. p(x) = x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 4
f(2) = (2)3 – 3(2)2 + 3(2) – 4 p(2) = (2)3 + 3(2)2 – 2(2) + 4 1
= 8 – 12 + 6 – 4
= 8 + 12 – 4 + 4 = 20
f(2) = – 2 ½
f(– 2) = (– 2)3 – 3(– 2)2 + 3(– 2) – 4 p(– 2) = (– 2)3 + 3(– 2)2 – 2(– 2) + 4 1
= – 8 – 12 – 6 – 4 ½ = – 8 + 12 + 4 + 4 = 12 ½
f(– 2) = – 30 p(0) = 4 ½
f(0) = – 4
p(2) + p(– 2) – p(0) = 20 + 12 – 4 = 28. 1
\ f(2) + f(– 2) + f(0) = – 2 – 30 – 4 = – 36 1
TOPIC-2
Remainder Theorem
WORKSHEET-18
1. Let, p(y) = 5y3– 2y2 – 7y + 1, 4. Let p(x) = ax3 + 3x2 – 13
then remainder = p(0) = 0 – 0 – 0 + 1 = 1. 1 and g(x) = 2x3 – 5x + a
2. p(x) = x3 + x2 + x + 1 R1 = p(2)
1 1 R2 = g(2) 1½ + 1½
Put ,x – = 0 ⇒ x = in p(x) ½
2 2 p(2) = a(2)3 + 3(2)2 – 13
R1 = 8a + 12 – 13
 1
Remainder = p   ½ = 8a – 1
 2
R2 = 2(2)3 – 5(2) + a
3 2 = 16 – 10 + a
 1  1  1
=   +   +   + 1 ½ ⇒ R2 = 6 + a
 2  2  2
R1 = R2
1 1 1
= + + +1+ 1 ⇒ 8a – 1 = 6 + a ½
8 4 2
⇒ 7a = 7
1+ 2+ 4 + 8 ∴ a = 1 ½
=
15 . 5. p(x) = x3 + 8x2 + 17x + ax
= . ½
8 p(x) leave the same remainder when divided by
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] (x + 2) and (x +1). ½
p(–2) = (–2)3 + 8(–2)2 + 17(–2) + a – (– 2)
3. Factors of 12 = (±1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 6, ± 12 ) ½
= – 8 + 32 – 34 – 2a
p(x) = 6x3 – 25x2 + 32x – 12
= – 10 – 2a 1
p(2) = 6(2)3 – 25(2)2 + 32 × 2 – 12 p(–1) = (–1)3 + 8(–1)2 + 17(–1) + a(–1)
= 48 – 100 + 64 – 12 = – 1 + 8 – 17 – a
= 112 – 112 = 0 ½ = – 10 – a 1
∴ x = 2 is a zero of p(x) or (x – 2) ∵ Remainders are equal
is a factor of p(x) ½ So, – 10 – 2a = – 10 – a ½
3 2 ⇒ – a = 0
6x – 25x + 32x – 12
∴ a = 0 1
= 6x2(x – 2) – 13x(x – 2) + 6(x – 2) 4 3 2
6. f(x) = x – 2x + 3x – ax + b
½ Put, x – 1 = 0 or x = 1 in f(x), we get
= (x – 2) (6x2– 13x + 6) ⇒ f(1) = (1)4 – 2(1)3 + 3(1)2 – a × 1 + b
= (x – 2) (6x2– 9x – 4x + 6) ½ ⇒ 5 = 1 – 2 + 3 – a + b
= (x – 2) [3x(2x – 3) –2(2x – 3)] ⇒ 5 = 2 – a + b
= (x – 2) (2x – 3) (3x – 2). ½ ⇒ a – b = 2 – 5 1
⇒ a – b = – 3 ...(1)
Again put, x + 1 = 0 or x = – 1 in f(x), we get By equation (2),
f(– 1) = (– 1)4 – 2 (– 1)3 + 3 (– 1)2 – a (– 1) + b 5 + b = 13
⇒ 19 = 1 + 2 + 3 + a + b ∴ b = 8
⇒ 19 – 6 = a + b ∴ f(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 8 1
⇒ a + b = 13 ...(2) 1 Again put, x – 2 = 0 or x = 2 in f(x)
Adding equations (1) and (2), f(2) = (2)4 – 2 (2)3 + 3 (2)2 – 5 × 2 + 8
2a = 10 = 16 – 16 + 12 – 10 + 8
a = 5 = 20 – 10 = 10 1
WORKSHEET-19
1. Let, f(x) = x11 + 101 5. p(x) = x4 + 1
Put, x + 1 = 0 Put, x – 1 = 0 or x = 1 in p(x)
⇒ x = – 1 p(1) = (1)4 + 1 2
Then remainder is : = 1 + 1 = 2
f(– 1) = (– 1)11 + 101 Hence, 2 must be subtracted from x4 + 1 so that it
= –1 + 101 = 100. 1 is exactly divisible by (x – 1). 1
2. Here, 3 2
p(x) = x – ax + 6x – a, Resultant polynomial to be divisible by (x – 1)
and the zero of x – a is a. ½ = x4 + 1 – 2
So, p(a) = a3 – a.a2 + 6a – a = 5a. 1 = x4 – 1. 1
So, by the remainder theorem 5a is the remainder 6. 2x3 + x2 + 3x – 5 quotient
when x3 – ax2 + 6x – a, is divided by x – a. ½ 3x + 4) 6x4 + 11x3 + 13x2 – 3x + 27 ½
3. Let, p(x) = 3x3 – 5x2 + kx – 2, 6x4 + 8x3
and q(x) = – x3 – x2 + 7x + k – –
Put, x + 2 = 0 3x3 + 13x2 ½
or x = – 2 in p (x) and q (x) 3x3 + 4x2
P(– 2) = 3 (– 2)3 – 5(– 2)2 + k(– 2) – 2
– – ½
= – 24 – 20 – 2k – 2 1
9x2 – 3x
= –2k – 46
9x2 + 12x
q(– 2) = – (– 2)3 – (– 2)2 + 7 (– 2) +k
= 8 – 4 – 14 +k 1 – – ½
= – 10 +k – 15x + 27
∴ p(x) and q(x) leave the same remainder when – 15x – 20
divided by x + 2. + + ½
⇒ –2k – 46 = k – 10 47
⇒ –3k = 36 Thus, quotient = 2x3 + x2 + 3x – 5 and remainder =
∴ k = – 12 1 47.
4. Let p(x) = ax3 + 4x2 + 3x – 4 Let, p(x) = 6x4 + 11x3 + 13x2 – 3x + 27
and q(x) = x3 – 4x + a Zero of 3x + 4 is – 4/3
Put, x – 3 = 0 or x = 3 in p(x) and q(x) By remainder theorem,
p(3) = a(3)3 + 4(3)2 + 3 × 3 – 4  −4 
Remainder = p  
= 27a + 36 + 9 – 4  3
= 27a + 41 1 4 3
q(3) = (3)3 – 4(3) + a  −4   −4 
= 6   + 11  
= 27 – 12 + a  3  3
= 15 + a 1 2
 −4   −4 
According to the question, + 13   − 3   + 27 1
 3  3
p(3) = q(3)
⇒ 27a + 41 = 15 + a ½ 512  − 704  208
= + +
⇒ 27a – a = 15 – 41 27  27  9 + 4 + 27
⇒ 26a = – 26 1 512 − 704 + 624
= + 31
⇒ a = – 1. ½ 27
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = 16 + 31
= 47. ½
WORKSHEET-20
1. 2x – 1 = 0 ⇒ 1 + 2 + 3 + p + 3p – 7 = 19 ½
1 ⇒ 4p – 1 = 19 ½
Þ x =
2 ⇒ 4p = 20
By remainder theorem, if f(x) is divided by 2x –

∴ p = 5 ½
1
1, the remainder is f   ½ 4 3 2
∴ The polynomial p(x) = x – 2x + 3x – 5x + 15 – 7
 2

3 2 = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 8
1 1 1 1
\ f   = 4   − 12   + 14   − 3 ½
 2  2  2  2
Put, x + 2 = 0 or x = – 2 in p(x)
1 1 1
= 4 × − 12 × + 14 × − 3 ½ p(– 2) = (– 2)4 – 2(– 2)3 + 3(– 2)2
8 4 2 – 5(– 2) + 8 ½
1 = 16 + 16 + 12 + 10 + 8
= −3+7−3 ½
2 ½
1 = 62. ½
= +1
2 4. 2
x +x+1
3 x + 2 ) x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 5 (
= ½
2 x3 + 2x2 1
– –
3 x2 + 3x
Hence required remainder is . ½
2 x2 + 2x 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] – –
x+5
2. p(x) = 2x3+ 3x2 – 9x + 4 x + 2 1
So, – –
7 3
x2 + 2x – Hence, Quotient = x2 + x + 1
2
and Remainder = 3. 1
2x – 1) 2x3 + 3x2 – 9x + 4
x 2 + 3x − 6
2x3 – x2
(–) (+) 5. x + 1 x 3 + 4 x 2 − 3x − 10
4x2 – 9x x3 + x2
– –
4x2 – 2x 3x 2 − 3x
(–) (+) 3x 2 + 3x
– 7x + 4 – –
– 6x – 10
7 – 6x – 6
– 7x +
2
+ +
(+) (–) 2
–4 (Remainder)
1 (Remainder)
2
Verification :
7 Let, f(x) = x3 + 4x2 – 3x – 10 1
Quotient = x2 + 2x –
2 By remainder theorem, remainder
1 f(– 1) = (– 1)3 + 4(– 1)2 – 3(– 1) – 10
Remainder = 2
2 = – 1 + 4 + 3 – 10
3. p(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – px + 3p – 7 = – 4. 1
Put, x + 1 = 0 or x = – 1 in p(x), we get
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2012]
p(– 1) = (– 1)4 – 2(– 1)3 + 3(– 1)2
– p(– 1) + 3p – 7 = 19 ½
TOPIC-3
Factor Theorem
WORKSHEET-21
1. x2 – 3x = x(x – 3) 1 n – p is a factor of p.
2. 12a b – 6ab2 = 6ab(2a – b)
2
1 and p – m is a factor of p. 4
 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
3. Since, f −  = 0
 3
8. Let p(x) = 2x3 + ax2 + 7x – 6
1
∴ − is a zero of polynomial f(x) p(x) is divisble by 2x – 1
3
1  1
So, x + or 3x + 1 is a factor of f(x). 1 Þ p   = 0 ½
 2
3
4. f(x) = x3 + 3x2 – kx – 3  1  1  1  1
3 2
(x + 3) is a factor of f(x) = x3 + 3x2 – kx – 3 p  = p  + a  + 7  − 6

 2  2  2  2
Þ f(– 3) = 0 1

Þ (– 3)3 + 3(– 3)2 – k(–3) – 3 = 0 = 0 ½
Þ – 27 + 27 + 3k – 3 = 0
Þ 3k – 3 = 0  1  1  1
Þ 2 ×   + a  + 7  − 6 = 0
Þ k = 1 1  8  4  2

5. (x – 2) is a factor of f(x) = x2 + kx + 2k 1 a 7
f(2) = 0 1 Þ + + −6 =0
Þ (2)2 + k(2) + 2k = 0 4 4 2
Þ 4 + 2k + 2 = 0 a 9
Þ − = 0
Þ 4 + 4k = 0 4 4

Þ k = – 1 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] Þ a = 9 ½
6. Let, p(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 9x – 5, \ p(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 7x – 6

p (– 1) = – 1 – 3 + 9 – 5 = 0 x2 + 5x + 6
Since, (x + 1) is a factor of x3 – 3x2 – 9x – 5 ½ 2x – 1) 2x3 + 9x2 + 7x – 6
∴ (x3 – 3x2 – 9x – 5) = (x + 1) (x2 – 4x – 5) 1
2x3 – x2
x2 – 4x – 5 = x2 – 5x + x – 5
= x(x – 5) + 1(x + 5) – +
= (x + 1) (x – 5) 1 10x2 + 7x ½
Factors are : 2
10x – 5x
(x + 1) (x – 5) ½
– +
12x – 6
7. Let p = m(n2 – p2) + n(p2 – m2 + p(m2 – n2)
12x – 6
p(m = n) = n(n2 – p2) + n(p2 – n2) + p(n2 – n2)
= n(n2 – p2) – n(n2 – p2) + 0 + –
= 0 0 1
m – n is a factor of p \ x2 + 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3)
Similarly p(n = p) = 0 & p(p = m)= 0
Hence p(x) = (2x – 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) 1
WORKSHEET-22
1. x + 4 is a factor of x2 + 3x + m = p(x) 2. x – 2 is a factor of p(x), then p(2) = 0
⇒ p(– 4) = 0 p(2) = 2 × (2)2 + 3 × 2 – k = 0
⇒ 16 – 12 + m = 0 ⇒ 8 + 6 – k = 0
⇒ m = – 4 1 ∴ k = 14. 1
3. 2x – 1 is a factor of p(x) = 6x2 + kx – 2
\ p(x) = (x – 1)(3x + 1)(3x + 1)
 1 1
⇒ p  = 0
 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

1 1
⇒ 6. + k . − 2 = 0 8. Let f(x) = 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 9x – 6
4 2
The factors of the constant term are ± 1, ± 2, ± 3
⇒ k = 1 1 and ± 6, The factor of coefficient of x4 is 2
Hence possible rational factors are ± 1, ± 2, ± 3
1 3
4. (x – 1) is a factor of f(x) = a2x3 – 4ax + 4a – 1 ± , ± ½
2 2
f(1) = 0 1
Þ a2(1)3 – 4a(1) + 4a – 1 = 0 We have

Þ a2 – 4a + 4a – 1 = 0 f(– 1) = 2(– 1)4 + (– 1)3 – 14(– 1)2 – 19(– 1) – 6
Þ a2 – 1 = 0 = 2 – 1 – 14 + 19 – 6
Þ a = ± 1 1 = 21 – 21 = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] andf(– 2) = 2(– 2)4 + (– 2)3 – 14(– 2)2 – 19(– 2) – 6
= 32 – 8 – 56 + 38 – 6
5. Given, p(x) = kx2 – x – 4 = 70 – 70 = 0
(x + 1) is a factor of p(x), then So, x + 1 and x + 2 are factors of f(x)
p(– 1) = 0
Þ (x + 1)(x + 2) is a factor of f(x)
∴ k (– 1)2 – (–1) – 4 = 0 1
⇒ k + 1 – 4 = 0 ½ Þ x2 + 3x + 2 is a factor of f(x) 2
∴ k = 3 ½ Let us now divide f(x) = 2x4 + x3 + 14x2 – 19x –
6 by
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] x2 + 3x + 2 to get the other factos of f(x).
2 2x2 – 5x – 3
6. p(x) = 3x – mx – nx
If (x – a) is a factor of p(x), then x2 + 3x + 2) 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 – 19x – 6
p(a) = 0 1 4x4 + 6x3 + 4x2
⇒ 3(a)2 – m × a – n × a = 0 ½ – – –
⇒ a[3a – m – n] = 0, a ≠ 0 ½ – 5x3 – 18x2 – 19x
⇒ 3a – m – n = 0 ½
m+n – 5x3 – 15x2 – 10x
∴ a = . ½ + + +
3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] – 3x2 – 9x – 6
– 3x2 – 9x – 6
7. p(x) = 9x3 – 3x2 – 5x – 1 + + +
Factor of 1 = ± 1 1 0 1
p(1) = 9 – 3 – 5 – 1 = 0
\ 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 9x – 6
Þ x – 1 is a factor of p(x) 1 = (x2 + 3x +2)(2x2 – 5x – 3)
\ 9x3 – 3x2 – 5x – 1 = 9x2(x – 1) + 6x(x – 1) + 1(x – 1) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(2x2 – 6x + x – 3)
= (x – 1)(9x2 + 6x + 1) 1 = (x + 1)(x + 2)[2x(x – 3) + 1(x – 3)]
= (x – 1)(3x + 1)2 = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x – 3)(2x + 1) ½
WORKSHEET-23
1. Since, a7 + ab6 = a (a6 + b6). 4. f(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 + 7x – 6
∴ Factors are a and (a6 + b6). 1
2. 20x2 – 9x + 1 = 20x2 – 5x – 4x + 1 Put, x – 1 = 0 or x = 1 in f(x) ½
= 5x(4x – 1) – 1(4x – 1) Thus, 3 2
f(1) = 2 × 1 – 3 × 1 + 7 × 1 – 6 1
= (4x – 1) (5x – 1) 1
= 2 – 3 + 7 – 6 = 0 ½
3. 6x – x – x2 = 6 – 3x + 2x – x2
= 3(2 – x) + x(2 – x)
Hence, (x – 1) is a factor of f(x).
= (2 – x)(3 + x) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
5. (x + 2) is a factor of p(x) = 2x3 – kx2 + 3x + 10 ½ Then, x3 – 3x2 – 9x – 51 = x2(x – 5) + 2x(x – 5)
⇒ p (–2) = 0 + 1(x – 5) ½
⇒ 2 (–2)3 – k (–2)2 + 3(–2) +10 = 0 1 = (x – 5) (x2 + 2x + 1) ½
⇒ – 16 – 4k – 6 + 10 = 0 = (x – 5) (x2 + x + x + 1)
½
k = – 3 ½
= (x – 5) (x(x + 1) + 1 (x + 1))
½
6. Let, p(x) = x6 – ax5 + x4 – ax3 + 3x – a + 2 = (x – 5) (x + 1) (x + 1) ½
(x – a) is a factor of the polynomial p(x), then 8. Factor of 6 = (± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 6)
p(a) = 0 1 p(x) = x3 + 2x2 – 5x – 6 ½
⇒ a – a × a + a – a × a3 + 3 × a – a + 2
6 5 4
p(– 1) = (– 1)3 + 2(– 1)2 – 5(– 1) – 6
= 0 1 = – 1 + 2 + 5 – 6
⇒ a6 – a6 + a4 – a4 + 3a – a + 2 = 7 – 7 = 0 1
= 0 ½ ∵ x = – 1 is zero of p(x) of (x + 1) is a factor of p(x)
⇒ 2a = – 2 ⇒ a = – 1. ½ \ x3 + 2x2 – 5x – 6 ½
7. Factors of 5 = (±1, ±5) 1 = x2(x + 1) + x(x + 1)
p(5) = (5)3 – 3(5)2 – 9(5) – 5 – 6(x + 1)
= 125 – 75 – 45 – 5 = (x + 1)[x2 + x – 6] 1
= 125 – 125 = 0 ½ = (x + 1)[x2 + 3x – 2x – 6]
∴ x = 5 is a zero of p(x) or (x – 5) is a factor of p(x) = (x + 1)[x(x + 3) – 2(x + 3)]
= (x + 1)(x + 3)(x – 2) 1
TOPIC-4
Algebraic Identities
WORKSHEET-24
2 lternative Method :
A
y2  y By using the identity, (a + b + c)2
= (2x ) −  
2
1. 4x2 −
9  3
= a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
 y  y (2x + (–y) + z) = (2x)2 + (–y)2 + z2 + 2(2x)(–y)
2
=  2 x +   2 x −  1 + 2(–y) (z) + 2(z)(2x) 1
 3  3 

= 4x2 + y2 + z2 – 4xy – 2yz + 4xz
 1  3 3 1 3
2.  x +   x +  = x 2 + x + x + 6. 3 – 12(a – b)2 = 3[1 – 4(a – b)2] 1½
2 2 2 2 4 = 3[(1)2 – {2(a – b)}2] 1
3 = 3[1 + 2(a – b)] [1 – 2 (a – b)].½
= x 2 + 2x + . 1
4
3. x2 – 9 = (97)2 – (3)2 1
= (97 + 3) (97 – 3) 7. a6 – b6 = (a3)2 – (b3)2 1
= 100 × 94 ½ = (a3 – b3) (a3 + b3) 1
= 9400. ½ 2 2 2 2
= (a – b) (a + b + ab) (a + b) (a + b – ab) 1
= (a – b) (a + b) (a2 + b2 + ab) (a2 + b2 – ab).
4. 249 × 251 = (250 – 1) (250 + 1) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
= (250)2 – (1)2
8. a7 + ab6 = a(a6 + b6) 1
= 62500 – 1 ½
= a[(a2)3 + (b2)3]
= 62499. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = a(a2 + b2) [(a2)2 + (b2)2 – a2 × b2] 1
= a(a2 + b2) (a4 + b4 – a2b2). 1
2 2 2 2
5. (2x – y + z) = 4x + y + z – 4xy + 2yz + 4zx 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
9. (i) 103 × 107 = (100 + 3) (100 + 7) = (100)3 + 23 + 3 × 100 × 2(100 + 2)
= 1002 + (3 + 7) × 100 + 3 × 7 1 = 1000000 + 8 + 600 × 102
= 10000 + 1000 + 21 = 1000000 + 8 + 61200 1
= 11021 1 = 1061208 1
(ii) (102)3 = (100 + 2)3
WORKSHEET-25
1. (x – 2)3 = (x)3 – (2)3 – 3 × x × 2 (x – 2) 6. 250x3 – 432y3 = 2[125x3 – 216y3] ½
= x3 – 8 – 6x2 + 12x = 2[(5x)3 – (6y)3] ½
Co-efficient of x2 in the expansion of (x – 2)3 = – 6. 1 = 2(5x – 6y) [(5x)2 + (6y)2 + 5x × 6y]
2. a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc 1½
= (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 ∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + b2 + ab)
+ c2 –ab – bc – ca) = 2(5x – 6y) (25x2 + 36y2 + 30xy). ½
3 3 3
a + b + c – 3abc = 0, as a + b + c = 0 343 3  7
3
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc. 1 7. p3q3 + = ( pq ) +   1
729  9

3. (2x – 3y + z)2 = [2x + (– 3y) + z]2 ½ 2
= (2x)2 + (– 3y)2 + z2 + 2 × 2x × (– 3y) + 2 × (– 3y)  7  2  7 7
=  pq +   ( pq ) +   − pq × 
× z + 2 × 2x × z 1  9   9 9

= 4x2 + 9y2 + z2 – 12xy – 6yz + 4xz. ½ 1
2
a b 
2
a  b  ∵ a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab)
4.  − + 1 =  4 +  − 2  + 1 ½
 7   2 2 49 7 pq 
4 2  
=  pq +   p q + −  1
 9  81 9 
2 2
 a  b a  b
=   + −  + (1)2 + 2 × × −  + 2 × 1 2
 4  2 4  2 8. (i) x2 + 2 + 2 – 2x – ,
x x

 −b   a 2
  × (1) + 2 ×   × (1) 1  1 1 2
2 4 = (x)2 +   + 2 × x × – 2x –
 x x x

a2 b2 ab a
= + +1− −b + .. ½  1  1
2
16 4 4 2 = x +  − 2x + 
 x   x 
5. Area of rectangle = 25a2 – 35a + 12
= 25a2 – 20a – 15a + 12 1 1 
 1 
= x +
  x + − 2 ½+½+½
= 5a(5a – 4) – 3(5a – 4) ½ x  x
.
= (5a – 3) (5a – 4) (ii) x4 – y4 = (x2)2 – (y2)2
= length × breadth ½ = (x2 – y2) (x2 + y2)
∴ Length and breadth are (5a – 3) and (5a – 4) = (x – y) (x + y) (x2 + y2). ½+½+½
respectively.
WORKSHEET-26
2
1  1  1 833 + 17 3
1. =  x +  − 2( x )  
x2 + 3.
2  x   x
x 83 − 83 × 17 + 17 2
2
= (4)2 – 2 = 16 – 2 = 14. 1
=
(
( 83 + 17 ) 83 2 − 83 × 17 + 17 2 )
2. Given,
x y
+ =–1
y x
(83 2
− 83 × 17 + 17 2
)

∵ a3 + b3 = (a+ b) (a2 + b2 – ab) 1
x2 + y2
⇒ =–1 = 83 + 17 = 100
yx 3
1 2 
⇒ x2 + y2 = – xy 4.  x − y
3 3 
⇒ x2 + y2 + xy = 0
⇒ x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x2 + y2 + xy) 1  2 
3
1 2 1
3
2y 
= (x – y) × 0 = 0. 1 =  x −  y − 3 × x × y  x −  1
3  3  3 3 3 3

x 3 8 y 3 2 xy  x 2 y  = (– 5y – 3x) [x – y – 3 (x + y)] 1
= − −  −  = – (5y + 3x) (– 2x – 4y)
27 27 3 3 3 
= (5y + 3x) (2x + 4y)
x 3 8 y 3 2 x 2 y 4 xy 2 = 2(x + 2y) (5y + 3x) 1
= − − + 1
27 27 9 9
 1
3
3 3 8.  x +  = 3 1
5. 103 = (100 + 3) ½ x
= 1003 + 33 + 3 × 100 × 3 (100 + 3)

Cubing both sides
½ 3
= 1000000 + 27 + 900 × 103  1
( )
3
 x +  = 3
= 1000000 + 27 + 92700 ½ x
= 1092727. ½
1 1  1 
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] x + x 3 + 3x· x  x + x  = 3 3
3
1
6. (x + 2y)2 = x2 + 4y2 + 2 × x × 2y 1
= 17 + 4 × 2 ½ 1
= 17 + 8 = 25
x3 +
x3
+3 ( 3 ) = 3 3 1
⇒ (x + 2y) = ± 25 = ± 5. ½
1
7. Given Exp = (x – y)2 – 7(x + y) (x – y) + 12(x + y)2 x3 + = 0 1
x3
= (x – y)2 – 4(x + y) (x – y) – 3(x + y) (x – y) + 12(x + y)2
= (x – y) [x – y – 4x – 4y] – 3(x + y) [x – y – 4x – 4y] 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
= (x – y) [– 5y – 3x] – 3(x + y) [– 3x – 5y]
WORKSHEET-27
∵ a + b + c = 0 
 1  1  2 1   4 1  3abc
1.  x +   x −   x + 2   x + 4   3 3= 3  1
 x  x  x  x  abc ∴ a + b + c = 3 abc 

= 3. ½
 2 1  2 1  4 1 
= x − 2  x + 2  x + 4  1 9 1
 x  x  x  4. 27p3 –
− p2 + p
216 2 4
as(a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2 ½
3 2
 4 1  4 1   1 1  1
 x − 4   x + 4  1 = (3p)3 –   – 3.(3p)2 + 3(3p)   2
=  6 6  6
x x
3
 8 1  1
=  x − 8  . =  3p − 
½  6 
x
 1  1  1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011, 2012] =  3p −   3p −   3p −  1
 6   6   6

1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2010, 2011, 2012]
2. Given, x– = 3
x
5. 125x3 – 27y3 + z3 + 45xyz
On squaring both sides, we get
= (5x)3 + (– 3y)3 + (z)3 – 3 × (5x) (– 3y) (z) 1
2
 1 = (5x – 3y + z) [(5x)2 + (– 3y)2 + (z)2 – (5x)(– 3y)
( 3)
2
 x −  = ½
– (– 3y) (z) – (5x) (z)] 1
x
∵ a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
1 1 = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca )
⇒ x2 + 2 – 2 × x × = 3 1
x x = (5x – 3y + z) [25x2 + 9y2 + z2 + 15xy + 3yz – 5xz]
1 1
⇒ x2 + = 3 + 2 = 5. ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
x2
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011] 1  1
6. = x −  + 2 x2 + 1
x 2  x
a2 b2 c 2 a3 + b 3 + c 3
3. + + = ½
bc ac ab abc =4+2=6

 2 1
2
 4 1 1
36 – 2 = x 4 + +2 1
 x + 2  =  x + 4  + 2 1 x4
x x
1 1
⇒ (6)2 = x 4 + +2 x4 + = 34 1
x4 x4

WORKSHEET-28
1. Let, x2 + 7 = p and 2x – 1 = q, then given expression 5. 1113 = (100 + 11)3 1
= 12p2 – 8pq – 15q2 = (100)3 + 3(100)2 (11) + 3(100) (11)2 + (11)3

= 12p2 – 18pq + 10pq – 15q2 1
½ = 1367631 1
= 6p(2p – 3q) + 5q(2p – 3q) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
½ 6. ( 2 + 3 )2 + ( 5 − 2 )2 = ( 2 )2 + ( 3 )2 + 2 × 2

= (2p – 3q) (6p + 5q)
× 3 + ( 5 )2 + ( 2 )2 − 2 × 5 × 2 1
= [2(x2 + 7) – 3(2x – 1)] [6(x2 + 7) + 5(2x – 1)] ½
= (2x2 + 14 – 6x + 3) (6x2 + 42 + 10x – 5) = 2 + 3 + 2 6 + 5 + 2 – 2 10
2 2
= (2x – 6x + 17) (6x + 10x + 37). ½
= 12 + 2 6 − 2 10 1
2. 14 = a, 13 = b, – 27 = c
2( 6 + 6 − 10 )
a + b + c = 14 + 13 – 27 = 0 ½ = 1
∴ a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc 1 1
7. x2 + =7 1
3 3 3
(14) + (13) + (– 27) = 3 × 14 × 13 × (– 27) x2
= – 14742. ½ 2 1
Add, x + 2 + 2 = 7 + 2 = 9
3. 2x + 3y = 8 x
⇒ (2x + 3y)3 = 83 ½  1
2
⇒  x + =9
⇒ 8x3 + 27y3 + 3 × 2x × 3y (2x + 3y) x
⇒ = 512 ½ 1
⇒ x+ = 9 =3 1
8x3 + 27y3 + 18 × 2 × 8 = 512 ½ x
⇒ 8x3 + 27y3 = 512 – 288 1
3
1 1
 3 
3
⇒ 8x + 27y = 224. 3
½ and  x +  = x + 3 + 3  x + 
x x x
4. a = 3 + b 1
⇒ a – b = 3 ⇒ 33 = x 3 + 3 + 3 × 3 1
x
3 3
⇒ (a – b) = (3) 1 1
a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b) = 27 ⇒ x3 + = 27 – 9 = 18 1
x3
a3 – b3 – 3ab × 3 = 27 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
a3 – b3 – 9ab = 27. 1
¨¨¨
CHAPTER
SECTION
B
3 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
TOPIC-1
Introduction of Linear Equation
WORKSHEET-29
1. ax + by + c = 0, where a, b, c are real numbers and ⇒ x – 2y = 5. ½
both a, b ≠ 0. 1 8. The line passing through (2, 14) is
2. No. (∵ a, b ≠ 0 for a linear equation) 1 2y = 14x
3. True. 1 or, y = 7x 1
4. Let the runs scored by Raina & Dhoni are x & y Infinitely many lines are there. 1
respectively then, The equation in the form ax + by + c = 0 is
x + y = 198 1 7x – y + 0 = 0. 1
7 x − 35 9. y 3 = 8x + 3
5. So, when y =
5 ⇒ 8x – y 3 + 3 = 0
x 5 0 10 Putting x = 0, y = – 1
y 0 –7 7 1 ⇒ 3 + 3 ≠ 0. 1
6. The equation of two lines on the same plane \ (0, – 1) is not the solution of given equation.
which are intersecting at point (2, 3) are :
Putting x = 3, y=9
x + y = 5 1
y – x = 1 1 ⇒ 8 3 − 9 3 + 3 = 0, which is correct 1
7. Let father’s present age = x years
\ ( 3 , 9) is a solution of the given equation. 1
Son’s present age = y years ½
10. Let larger number be x, then 5 times of larger
After 5 years father’s age will be = (x + 5) years
number = 5x and smaller number be y 1
After 5 years son’s age will be = (y + 5) years ½
Quotient = 2 and remainder = 9
According to the question,
So, according to the question,
x + 5 = 2(y + 5) ½
5x = 2y + 9 1
⇒ x + 5 = 2y + 10
⇒ 5x – 2y – 9 = 0. 1
⇒ x – 2y = 10 – 5
WORKSHEET-30
1. Let the number of goats & hens in herd are x & y 3y – 2x = 3( 3 2 ) − 2( 2 2 )
respectively. then, 1
4x + 2y = 40 = 5 2 ≠1
2. x – 6y = 5 1
So, ( 2 2 , 3 2 ) is not a solution of the given
3. Given equation : x = 5y
The point (0, 0) satisfies the given equation, hence equation. 1
answer is yes. 1 7. (–1, 3) lies on the graph 2x – y + k = 0
4. No. (∵ 0 – 4 ≠ 0) 1 \ 2(–1) – 3 + k = 0 1
5. According to question, ⇒ k = 2 + 3
700 + 25x = y 1½ ⇒ k = 5 1
25x – y + 700 = 0. ½ 8. Given, A(–1, –1) and C(1, 1)
6. Put x = 4 and y = 3, Then, B(1, –1) and D(–1, 1) 1
then 3y – 2x = 3 (3) – 2 (4) = 1 Also, equations of sides of square are,
So, (4, 3) is the solution of the equation. AB : Y = –1 ½
BC : X = 1 ½
Again put x = 2 2
CD : Y = 1 ½
and y = 3 2 , then, 1 DA : X = –1 ½
9. ∵ (– 1, – 5) lies on the graph of ⇒ x = 2 1
3x = ay + 7 (b) when x = 4, then
\ 3(–1) = a × (– 5) + 7 1 2(4) + y = 7
⇒ –3 = – 5a + 7 ⇒ 5a = 10 ⇒ y = 7 – 8 = – 1 1
⇒ a = 2. 2 (c) when x = 1, then
10. (a) when y = 3, then 2 + y = 7 ⇒ y = 5
2x + 3 = 7 \ One more solution is (1, 5). 1
⇒ 2x = 4
WORKSHEET-31
1. Sol. 1.x + 0.y = 7 1 2 x − 12
\ y = ½
2. x + y = 0 1 3
3. As the line intersects y-axis, put x = 0 in the given On x-axis y = 0
equation, we get 2 x − 12
3(0) + 2y = 12 \ =0
3
\ y = 6
⇒ x = 6
The required point is (0, 6). 1
At point (6, 0) the given line cuts the x-axis. ½
4. Given, 3x = 2 x + 1 On y-axis x = 0
\ x( 3 − 2 ) = 1 2 × 0 − 12
\ y =
3
1
\ x = 1 ⇒ y = – 4
3− 2
At point (0, – 4) the given line cuts the y-axis. 1
5. 2x + 3y + k = 0
8. The linear equation is 2x + ky = 8
If x = 2, and y = 1 is the solution of the linear
equation 2x + 3y + k = 0 then At x = 2, y = 1,
2(2) + 3(1) + k = 0 1 2(2) + k(1) = 8 1
k = – 7. 1 ⇒ 4 + k = 8
6. 2y = 8 – 3x \ k = 4 1
8 − 3x If x = 4, then
⇒ y = 1
2 ⇒ 2(4) + 4y = 8
For x = 4 ½ ⇒ 8 + 4y = 8
8−3×4 ⇒ 4y = 0
y =
2 \ y = 0 1
8 − 12 −4 9. The equation is y = 9x – 7
= = =–2 A (1, 2); 2 = 9(1) – 7
2 2
2 = 2; True 1
\ (4, – 2) lies on the line. ½
B (– 1, – 16); – 16 = 9 (– 1) – 7 = – 9 – 7
7. Equation 2x – 3y = 12
= – 16; True 1
or 3y = 2x – 12
C (0, – 7); – 7 = 9 (0) – 7
= 0 – 7 = – 7; True. 1
WORKSHEET-32
1. Given point lies on the line \ 2(0) + 3(2) = k
i.e., 4(3) = a(2) + 5 1 \ k = 6
⇒ 2a = 12 – 5 4. 2x – 3y = 6 1
7 5. (1, –1). 1
⇒ a =
2 6. If point (3, 4) lies on
2 3y = ax + 7 1
2. . 1 \ 3 × 4 = 3a + 7
5
5
3. ∵ (0, 2) is the solution of given equation ⇒ 3a = 12 – 7 = 5 ⇒ a = . 1
3
\ it satisfies the equation 1
7. Equation : 4x + 3y = 12 3x – 12 = 0 1
For intersection with x-axis x = 4 ½
y = 0 \ Point on the x-axis = (4, 0)
\ 4x = 12 On y-axis, x = 0 ⇒
or x = 3 ½ 2y – 12 = 0
\ Co-ordinates are (3, 0) ½ y = 6 ½
For intersection with y-axis \ Point on the y-axis = (0, 6). ½
x = 0 \ 3y = 12 ½ 10. Given equation is
or y = 4 (p + 1) x – (2p + 3)y – 1 = 0 ...(i)
\ Co-ordinates are (0, 4). ½ If x = 2, y = 3 is the solution of the equation (i),
then
8. Substituting x = – 1 and y = – 1 in 9kx + 12ky = 63,
we get ½ (p + 1)2 – (2p + 3)3 – 1 = 0
⇒ 9k (– 1) + 12k (– 1) = 63 ½ ⇒ 2p + 2 – 6p – 9 – 1 = 0
⇒ – 9k – 12k = 63 ½ ⇒ – 4p – 8 = 0
⇒ –21k = 63 ⇒ k = – 3 ½ ⇒ p = – 2 2
9. Writing in standard form Put the value of p in the equation (i), then
3x + 2y – 12 = 0 ½ –x + y – 1 = 0
On x-axis, y = 0 ⇒ or x – y + 1 = 0, is the required equation. 1
TOPIC-2
Graphical Representation of Linear Equation in
Two Variable
WORKSHEET-33
1. y = k. 1 Hence point on x-axis is (3, 0)
2. x = k. 1 y
3. y-axis 1
4. Given 7x – 3y = 15 (0, 4)
15 + 3 y
⇒ x = ½
7
At y-axis x = 0; ½
\ 7(0) – 3y = 15 ½
⇒ 0 – 3y = 15 ½ O
x
(3, 0)
15
\ y = = – 5 ½
−3 6. Let Sita contribute = ` x and Gita contribute = ` y.
⇒ Given line intersects the y-axis at y = – 5. ½ According to the question,
5. Given equation
x + y = 200
4x + 3y = 12
y = 200 – x 1
Put x = 0, then 0 + 3y = 12
⇒ y = 4 1½
Hence point on y-axis is (0, 4) x 0 200 100
Now put y = 0, then 1
4x + 0 = 12 y 200 0 100
⇒ x = 3 1½
y ⇒ y = 4
The points are (0, 4) & (1, 4)
(0, 200) y
(0, 4) (1, 4) y=4
4
3
(100, 100) 2
1
1
x' x
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–1
x
(200, 0) –2
1
7. (i) One Variable –3
y=4
y' y –4
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 2
(ii) Two Variables y'
0x + y = 4 2
⇒ y – 4 = 0
WORKSHEET-34
1. a > 0. 1 1½
2. (0, – 4) 1 6. 3x + 15 = 0
3. Parallel, 6 1 ⇒ x = – 5 1
4. Let the cost of a toy elephant = x, ball = y P O
x
\ 3y = x ⇒ y = 1½ –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
3
x 3 6 9 (i) Equation in one variable (Number line) : A point P
y 1 2 3 at a distance of 5 units to left of O on the number
line. ½
(ii) In two variables (Cartesian plane) : A line AB

parallel to y-axis at a distance of 5 units to the left
of y-axis. ½

2 x − 12 1½
5. 2x – 3y – 12 = 0 Þ y = 1½
3
x 6 9 3
y 0 2 –2
WORKSHEET-35
1. x = 5, y = 0 i.e., (5, 0) 1
2.
(–1, 1)
X
O
1
x
3. + 2 = 2x – 3 1
3
From graph it is clear that line meets x-axis at (1, 0)
x
⇒ – 2x = – 3 – 2 and y-axis at (0, – 3). 1½
3
5. 2x + y = 8
⇒ x – 6x = – 5 × 3 ⇒ y = – 2x + 8 1
⇒ – 5x = – 15 x –1 0 1
⇒ x = 3 1 y 10 8 6
y axis From the graph it is clear that
Line intersects x-axis at (4, 0)
x=3 and y-axis at (0, 8). 1
2
1
–2 –1 1 2 3 x-axis
–1
–2
Plot x = 3 on the cartesian plane.

On cartesian plane, x = 3 is a line parallel to
y-axis. 1
4. 3x = y + 3; three solutions are x = 1, y = 0; x = 2,

y = 3 and x = 0, y = – 3. 1½
2
WORKSHEET-36
1. 3x – 4y + 2 = 0 1
x –2 4 10
2. The given equation can be written as,
5x + 6y = – 10 y 0 –5 –10
1
⇒ –y = (5x + 10)/6 1
4. 5x – 2 = 3x – 8
⇒ 2x = – 6
⇒ x = – 3 1
(i) Point P (– 3, 0) represents the solution x = – 3 on

the number line
p
1½
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
(ii) Line AB represents the solution in the cartesian

plane.
y
1
x = –3 3
2
3. Equation of the sides are, (–3, 0) 1

AB : Y = 0 1 x' x
BC : X = –1 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
CD : Y = –4 1 –1
DA : X = –4 –2 1½
Area = 4 × 3 y'
= 12 sq. units 1
¨¨¨
SECTION
CHAPTER
B
4 COORDINATE GEOMETRY
TOPIC-1
Cartesian System
WORKSHEET-37
1. Origin 1 9. In a point (– 5, 3), x < 0 and y > 0
2. P (2, – 3) and Q (–3, 2) lie in IV and II quadrants. 1 ∴ Point (– 5, 3) lies in II quadrant. ½
In a point ( 4, – 3), x > 0 and y < 0
3. (a, b) = (0, – 2)
∴ Point (4, – 3) lies in IV quadrant ½
⇒ a = 0, b = – 2 1 In a point (5, 0), x > 0 and y = 0
4. 4, 0, 4, –3. 2 ∴ Point (5, 0) lies on x-axis ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] In a point (6, 6), x > 0 and y > 0
∴ Point (6, 6) lies in I quadrant ½
5. The point on y-axis has x-co-ordinate 0.
In a point (– 5, – 4), x < 0 and y < 0
Since it lies at a distance of 4 units in the negative
∴ Point (– 5, – 4) lies in III quadrant 1
direction of y-axis. 1
10. (i) E(– 1, 2)
∴ The point is (0, – 4). 1
(ii) D(– 4, – 1)
6. (A) II quadrant ½
(iii) Co-ordinates of A = (2, – 2)
(B) III quadrant ½
Co-ordinates of B = (4, 1)
(C) IV quadrant ½
∴ The abscissa of A – abscissa of B = 2 – 4 = – 2
(D) I quadrant. ½
(iv) Co-ordinates of C = (3, 3)
7. (A) IV quadrant (B) II quadrant
Co-ordinates of F = (– 1, – 4)
(C) III quadrant (D) I quadrant
8. C(– 3, – 2), distance from x axis = 2 ½ ∴ The ordinate of C + ordinate of F = 3 + (– 4)
distance from y axis = 3 ½ = – 1
D(5, 2), distance from x axis = 2 ½ 1 + 1 + ½+½ + ½+½
distance from y axis = 5 ½
WORKSHEET-38
y
1. Since P(a, b) lies in IV quadrant
\ a > 0, and b < 0 6
\ a > b 1 5 P(0, 5)
3
2. In II quadrant, x < 0 2
(–2, 0) 1 R(5, 0)
Points = (–1, 0), (–2, 0) 1 x' x
–1 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6
3. II Quadrant. 1 –1
–2
4. (A) II quadrant ½ –3 Q(0, – 3)
(B) III quadrant ½ –4
(C) I quadrant ½ y'

(D) II quadrant. ½ 6. (i) A point which lies on x and y-axes is (0, 0) i.e.,
origin ½
5. (A) P(0, 5) ½
(ii) A point whose abscissa is 5 and ordinate is 6 i.e., x
(B) Q(0, – 3) ½ = 5 and y = 6 is (5, 6) ½
(iii) A point whose ordinate is 6 i.e., y = 6 and lies
(C) R(5, 0) ½ on y-axis is (0, 6) ½
(D) S(–2, 0) ½ (iv) A point whose ordinate is 3 and abscissa is – 7 i.e.,
y = 3 and x = – 7 is (–7, 3) ½
(v) A point whose abscissa is 3 i.e., x = 3 and lies 7. (i) Required points are A(0, 3) and L(0, – 4). 2
on x-axis is (3, 0) ½ (ii) Required points are G(5, 0) and I(– 2, 0). 1
(vi) A point whose abscissa is 4 and ordinate is 4 i.e., (iii) Required points are D(– 5, 1) and H(– 5, – 3). 1
x = 4 and y = 4 is (4, 4) ½
WORKSHEET-39
1. The distance of a point from the y-axis is called its (ii) (2, – 5) lies in IV quadrant, as x > 0 and y < 0.
x-co-ordinate, or abscissa. 1 (iii) (– 3, 5) lies in II quadrant, as x < 0 and y > 0.
2. The P is on x-axis ½+½+½
∴ y = 0 Verification : The points (– 3, – 5), (2, – 5) and
P is at a distance of 4 units from y-axis to its left. (– 3, 5) are plotted as shown in figure :
∴ In second quadrant, the co-ordinates of the Result is verified : (i) (– 3, – 5) lies in III quadrant.
point P = (– 4, 0). 1 (ii) (2, – 5) lies in IV quadrant.
3. (x, y) = (y, x) 1 (iii) (– 3, 5) lies in II quadrant. 1
4. 7 1 Y
5. The co-ordinate on x-axis = (x, 0) 1
(–3, 5) 5
6. Co-ordinates of A = (5, 0) ½
4
Co-ordinates of B = (5, 3) ½ 3 (I)
(II)
Co-ordinates of C = (–2, 4) ½ 2
Co-ordinates of D = (0, –3). ½ 1
O
7. (i) Since the point lies on x-axis at a distance of 9 X' X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–1
units from y-axis. Hence its co-ordinates are (9, 0)
–2
1 (III) –3
(IV)
(ii) According to the question, the required co- –4
odinates are (0, –9). 1 (–3, –5) –5 (2, –5)
8. The vertices of the rectangle OABC are O(0, 0), A(–
6, 0), B(– 6, – 3), C(0, – 3) 3 Y' 1½
9. (i) (– 3, – 5) lies in III quadrant, as x < 0 and y < 0.
TOPIC-2
Plotting a Point in a Plane
WORKSHEET-40
1. The co-ordinate of point Q = (– 3, – 3·5) 1 4. From the graph it is clear that the vertex of
2. on x axis = C, F, G 1 C(– 1, – 5)
on y axis = A, D, E 1 Y
5
3. For plotting a point A(5, –3), we will take a distance of –
4
3 units in the negative direction of y-axis and a distance
3
of 5 units in the positive direction of x-axis, which is B(– 1, 2) 2 A(4, 2)
shown in the figure given below. Similarly, we plot all 1
the points i.e., B(– 6, 0), C(– 2, – 3) and D(– 4, 3). 1 X’ X
Y –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
5 –2
D(–4, 3) 4 –3
3
–4
2
B(–6, 0) 1 C(– 1, – 5) –5 D(4, – 5)
X'
O1
X 1 –6
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2 Y’ 3
–3 A(5,–3)
C(–2,–3)
–4 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
–5
Y'
6. (i) Plotting of points M(5, – 3) and N(–3, –3) on the
5. Y
graph paper is shown in the diagram.
6
(ii) Length of MN = 3 + 5 = 8 units
5
4 (iii) From figure, ½
3 A(3, – 3), B(1, – 3), C(–1, – 3) ½+½+½
D(0, 2) 2 C(3, 2) y
1
A(0, 0) B(5, 0) 4
X’ X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 3
–1
2
–2
–3
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
x' x
–4
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1
–5
–6 –2
–3
N(–3,–3)C B A M(5,–3)
Y’ 3 –4
–5
y' 2
WORKSHEET-41
1. Plotting of P(2, – 6) 3. Plotted graph shows that P, Q and R are collinear.
y
Y
7
6 4
5 3 K(2, 3)
4 2
3 1Q(0, 1)
2 P(– 1, 0)
1
X’ X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
x' x –1
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 M –2
–1
–2 –3
–3 –4
–4
–5
N –6
(2, –6) Y’ 2
P
–7 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
y'
4. Point of intersection of diagonals is (3, 3)
Co-ordinates of M(2, 0) ½ Y
Co-ordinates of N(0, – 6). ½
6
2. Middle point of line segment A is (0, 0) 5
P(1, 5)
S(5, 5)
Y 4
3 A(3, 3)
4 2
A(– 3, 3) 3 1
Q(1, 1) R(5, 1)
2
X’ X
1 0) –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 –11 2 3 4 5 6
O(0,
X’ X –2
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
–1
–3
–2
–4
–3 B(3, – 3)
–5
–4
–6
Y’ 2 Y’
3
5. Y
(–4, 5)C 5 D
4
3
(–4, 2)B 2 A(3, 2)
1
O
X' X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1 1 2 3 4 5
–2
–3
–4
–5
Y' 1
We have to find the co-ordinates of the fourth vertex
3
D so that ABCD is a rectangle. Since the opposite
6. Plot the three vertices of the rectangle as A(3, 2), sides of a rectangle are equal, so the abscissa of
3
B(– 4, 2), C(– 4, 5). 2 D should be equal to abscissa of A, i.e., 3 and the
ordinate of D should be equal to the ordinate of
C, i.e., 5.
∴Co-ordinates of D are given by (3, 5). 1
WORKSHEET-42
1. Drawing the points, A(3, 2), B(2, 3), C(–4, 5) and After plotting these two points AB line segment is
D(5, –3). Joining AB, BC, CA, AD, we get a formed.
quadrilateral ABCD.
y  3 + 23 23 + 3 
Mid-point =  ,  = (13, 13) 1
 2 2 
7
(– 4,5) 6
C 5 3. The points A(– 3, – 4), B(– 2, 0), C(– 1, 4) and D(1, 0)
4 B (2,3)
3 are plotted as shown below :
A
2 (3,2)
Y
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5
x' x C
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1
(–1, 4) 4
–2
–3 (5, –3)
D 3
–4
–5 (II) (I)
–6 2
–7
1
y' B (–2, 0) D (1, 0)
1 X' X
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
2. –1
Y
(III) –2 (IV)
25 B(3,23)
–3
20 A
15 –4
(–3, –4)
10
–5
5
A(23,3)
X' X Y'
–25 –20 –15 –10 –5 O 5 10 15 20 25
–5 (i) A(– 3, – 4) lies in III quadrant.
–10
–15 (ii) B(– 2, 0) lies on x-axis.
–20
(iii) C
(– 1, 4) lies in II quadrant.
–25
Y' 1 (iv) D
(1, 0) lies on x-axis. ½+½+½+½
4. y 6. Y
4
D(–3, 3) C(3, 3)
3 A(–p, 0) O (0, 0)
X' X
2 (p) (q)
1 1 2 3 4 B (–p, –q) C (0, – q)

x' x
–3 –2 –1 –1
Y'
–2
From figure the co-ordinate of vertices of a rectangle
–3 B(3, –3)
A(–3, –3)
are :
–4
y' 2 O(0, 0) 1
From figure length of line segment AB is 6 units. 1 A(– p, 0) 1
5. 6
B(– p, – q) 1
5
(–2,5) (2,5) C(0, – q) 1
4
3
(–4, 3) (0,2.5)
2
1
(6,–1)
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–11 2 3 4 5 6
–2
–3
(4,–3)
–4
–5
–6
3
TOPIC-3
Graph of a Linear Equation
WORKSHEET-43
1. x-axis. 1 Y
2. Given equation 2x + y – 4 = 0 4
∴ y = – 2x + 4 1 3
3. The given equation is : 3 = x 2

a (2, 2)
Putting x = 0, we get y = 0 ½ 1
(0, 0) R
P(1, 1)
Putting x = 1, we get y = 1 ½ X' X
Putting x = 2, we get y = 2 ½ –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
–1
Thus, we have the following table :
–2
x 0 1 2 3 –3
y 0 1 2 3
–4

Now, plot the points R(0, 0), P(1, 1) and a(2, 2) on Y'
½
the graph paper.
6 Joining these points, we get the line segment AB.
4. OA = OB = = 3 units and BC = AD = 3 units.
2 We can take the point C(2, 1) between the points A
Co-ordinates of A= (–3, 0) ½ and B. 1
Co-ordinates of B = (3, 0) ½
(ii) We can take the point D(5, 7) lying on the AB
Co-ordinates of C = (3, 3) ½
Co-ordinates of D = (–3, 3). ½ produced. 1
y Y
5. (i)
Price in Hundred of Rupees
40 8
35 7 D(5, 7)
30 6
25 5 B(4, 5)
4
20
3
15
2
10 1 C(2, 1)
5 O
X' X
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
x' x –1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A(1, –1)
–2
y' No. of Pairs of Shoes 2 –3
–4
(ii) Graph is a straight line. 1 –5
6. (i) Plot the points A(1, – 1) and B(4, 5). –6
Y' 2
WORKSHEET-44
1. Given equation, 3x + 6y – 4 = 0 Y
7 D(3, 7)
.
. . Line intersect the x-axis 6
5 C(2, 5)
... y = 0 ½ 4
3x + 6 × (0) – 4 = 0 3 B(1, 3)
2
4
⇒ x =
3 (0, 1) A1
X' X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
So, the point where line intersect the x-axis is –1
4
( , 0). ½ –2
3
–3
2. Given, y = 3x + 6 ½
–4
Put x = 0, we get y = 3 × 0 + 6 = 6 Y'
Similarly at x = 1, y = 9
∴ Points (0, 6), (1, 9) lies on the line y = 3x + 6. 1 4. The given equation is: y = 3x – 2
Putting x = 0, we get : y = (–2)
3. The given equation is : y = 2x + 1
Putting x = 1, we get y = 1
Putting x = 0, we get y = 1 ½ Putting x = 2, we get y = 4

Putting x = 1, we get y = 3 ½ Putting x = – 3, we get y = 7
Thus, we have the following table
Putting x = 2, we get y = 5 ½
Putting x = 3, we get y = 7 x 0 1 2 3
Thus, we have the following table : 1
y –2 1 4 7
x 0 1 2 3 Now plot the points A(0, –2), B(1, 1), C(2, 4) and
y 1 3 5 7 D(3, 7) on the graph paper.
Join A, B, C, D and extend it in both the directions.

Now Let plot the points A(0, 1), B(1, 3), C(2, 5) and
Then,
D(3, 7) on the graph paper.
line AD is the graph of the equation y = 3x – 2.
then 3 units parallel to OY to obtain the point D(1,
y
7 D(3, 7) 3) ½
6 Y
5 A(–2, 8)
4 C(2, 4) 8
3
B (–1, 7) 7
2 6
1 B(1, 1) 5
x' 0
x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 4
–1 3 D(1, 3)
–2 A(0, –2) 2
–3
1
X' X
–4 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–1 C E(3, –1)
y' –2 (0, –1.25)
2 –3
–4
5. (i) Draw XÓX and YÓY as the co-ordinate axes
–5
and mark their point of intersection O as the
origin (0, 0).
Y' 1
In order to plot the points (– 2, 8), we take 2 units
on OX´ and then 8 units parallel to OY to obtain In order to plot (3, – 1), we take 3 units on OX and
the point A(– 2, 8). then 1 unit below x-axis parallel to OY´ to obtain
Similarly, we plot the point B(– 1, 7). ½ the point E(3, – 1) ½
In order to plot (0, – 1.25), we take 1.25 units below (ii) Co-ordinate geometry. ½
the x-axis on the y-axis to obtain C(0, – 1.25). ½ (iii) Co-ordination among people is good for
In order to plot (1, 3), we take 1 unit on OX and progress. ½
¨¨¨
SECTION
CHAPTER
B
5 INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID’S GEOMETRY
TOPIC-1
Euclid’s Geometry
WORKSHEET-45
1. Theorem requires a proof. 1 6. Here, ∠3 = ∠4 and ∠1 = ∠3 and ∠2 = ∠4. Euclid’s
2. Euclid’s axioms first axiom says, the things which are equal to
same things are equal to one another. 2
(1) Things which are equal to the same thing are
3
equal to one another. 4
(2) If equals are added to equals, the wholes are
equal. 1+1
1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014, 2012] 2
So, ∠1 = ∠2. 1
3. x – 15 = 25
x – 15 + 15 = 25 + 15 7. Since ∠1 = ∠3 and ∠2 = ∠4, therefore adding
⇒ x = 40 1 both equation
∠1 + ∠2 = ∠3 + ∠4
If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal. 1
Þ ∠BAD = ∠BCD
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] Þ ∠A = ∠C 1
4. Given, ∠1 = ∠4 and ∠3 = ∠2 If equals are added to equal, the wholes are
Again, ∠2 = ∠4 ½ equal
Axiom : Things which are equal to the same or Two more axioms :
equal things are equal to one another. 1 Things which are equal to the same thing are
∴ ∠1 = ∠3. ½ equal to one another 1
5. AC = DC (Given) e.g., if AB = PQ and PQ = XY , then AB = XY

CB = CE If equals are subtracted from equals, the
Adding, AC + CB = DC + CE ½ remainders are equal. 1
AB = DE ½ e.g., if m∠1 = m∠2 then
If equals are added to equals, the wholes are m∠3 = m∠3
equal. 1 = m∠2 – m∠3 1
WORKSHEET-46
1. Let, First thing = x AB = AD
AC = AD
Second thing = y
AB = AC 1
then, x = 2y 1
Things which are equal to the same thing are
2. D equal to one another. 1
A 3. Let x kg be the weight of Ram and Ravi each. On
gaining 2 kg, weight of Ram and Ravi will be (x +
2) kg each. According to Euclid’s second axiom,
when equals are added to equals, the wholes are
B C equal. So, weights of Ram and Ravi are again
equal. 2
4. x + 4 = 10 If equals are subtracted from equals, then remains
are also equal.
x + 4 – 4 = 10 – 4 1 AB – BX = BC – BY
Þ x = 6 ⇒ AX = CY 2

If equals are subtracted from equals, the 1
remainder are equal. 1 7. Here OX = XY
2
1

PX = XZ 1
2
5. Here PQ = QR
Also OX = PX
QX = QY
1 1
Q Þ XY = XZ
2 2
XY = XZ 1
X Y 1 Things equal to half of equals, are equal to one
another.
Two other axioms :
Things coincide with one another are equal to
P R Q
one another. 1
If equals are subtracted from equals, the
remainders are also equal e.g., if AB coincide with XY , such that A falls
We have PQ – QX = QR – QY on X and B falls on Y, then AB = XY

PX = RY 1 The whole is greater than the part
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] e.g., if mÐ1 = mÐ2 + mÐ3, then mÐ1 > mÐ2 and
6. AB = BC (given) mÐ1 > mÐ3. 1
BX = BY (given) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
WORKSHEET-47
1. A system of axioms is called consistent, when In a circle having centre at Q, we have
it is impossible to deduce from these axioms, QR = QP = radius ½
a statement that contradicts any axiom or Euclid’s first axiom : Things which are equal to
previously proved statement. 1 the same thing are equal to one another. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] ∴ PR = PQ = QR. ½

4. ∠1 = ∠2 ...(1)
2. Since, AB = BC
∠3 = ∠4 ...(2)
AX + BX = BY + CY Adding (1) + (2), we get
∠1 + ∠3 = ∠2 + ∠4 ½
Since, BX = BY
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠DBC ½
AX + BX – BX = BY + CY – BY 1 Euclid’s axiom used : If equals are added to
equals, wholes are equal. 1
\ AX = CY
Axiom : If equals are subtracted from the equals, 5. Given, ∠ABC = ∠ACB
the remainders are equal. 1 ⇒ ∠1 + ∠4 = ∠2 + ∠3 1
⇒ ∠1 + ∠4 – ∠4 = ∠2 + ∠3 – ∠3
(As, ∠3 = ∠4) 1
3. In a circle having centre at P, we have
PR = PQ = radius ½ ⇒ ∠1 = ∠2. 1
TOPIC-2
Euclid’s Postulates
WORKSHEET-48
1. Only one line passes through two distinct points. 6.
A B C D
B ∴ AC = BD (given)
1
⇒ AB + BC = BC + CD 1
A
⇒ AB = CD. 1
2. Two planes intersect each other to form a straight [CBSE Marking Scheme 2012 , 2014]
line. 1 7. Concermed, Caring. Things equal to same things
are equal to one another. 1
3. (i) Infinite, if they are collinear.
Rehman contributed ` 500. 1
(ii) Only one, if they are non-collinear. 1+1 All right angles are, equal to one another 1
4. Let AB be perpendicular to a line l and AP is any (OR)
Any 1 postulate of Euclid can be stated.
other line segment.
8. Polygon : A simple closed figure made up of
In right ∆ABP, ∠B > ∠P, (∴ ∠B = 90°) 1
three or more line segments. 1
⇒ AP > AB or AB < AP. 1 Line Segment : Part of a line with two end points.
1
5. Playfair’s Axiom (statement) : For every line l
Angle : A figure formed by two rays with a
and for every point P not lying on l, there exists a common initial point 1
unique line m passing through P and parallel to l. Right angle : Angle whose mcaxhre in 90° 1
It is equivalent to Euclid’s fifth postulate. 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
WORKSHEET-49
1. Meeting place of two walls. 1
5. (i) False : Because infinitely many lines can pass
2. A surface is that which has length and breadth. 1
y through a single point. ½
(ii) False : Because only one line can pass through
Surface breadth (y)
x
two distinct points. ½
length (x)
(iii) True : Two circles are equal if :
(a) their circumferences are equal, or
3. AB = 2AE
(b) their radii are equal. ½
(E is the mid-point of AB) ½
(iv) True : Things which are equal to the same thing
CD = 2DF
are equal to one another (Euclid’s axioms). ½
(F is the mid-point of CD) ½
6. Their sales in July will also be equal as things
Also, AE = DF (Given)
which are double of the same things are equal to
Therefore, AB = CD (Things which are double of
the same thing are equal to one another) 1 one another.
4. (i) Since it is true for things in any part of universe Two other axioms are :
so this is a universal truth. 1 (i) The whole is greater than the Part.
(ii) If the sum of the cointerior angles made by a
(ii) Things which are halves of the same thing are
transversal intersect two straight lines at
equal to one another. 4
distinct points is less than 180°, then the lines
cannot be parallel. 1
WORKSHEET-50
1. Dimension of Surface = Length and Breadth 1
and AD = AC ½
(which is 2). 1 2
2. Lines are parallel if they do not intersect on being 11 
⇒ AD =  AB ½
extended. 2 2
For example : 1
⇒ AD = AB. ½
4
5. Given, AC = BC
A
or A C B 1
B So, AC + AC = AC + BC 1
A B (Equals are added to equals)
⇒ 2AC = AB,
Lines A and B are parallel lines. 1 (∴ AC + CB coincides with AB)
3. There are two undefined terms, line and point. 1
∴ AC = AB. ½
They are consistent, because they deal with two 2
different situations. 1 1
6. Here, OX = XY, PX = XZ 1
(i) Says that given two points be A and B, there is a 2 2
point C, lying on the line which is in between them. ⇒ XY = 2(OX), XZ = 2(PX)

Also, OX = PX, (Given)1
1
XY = XZ,
(ii) Says that given A and B, we can take C not lying (Because things which are double of the same
on the line passing through A and B. things are equal to one another.) ½
These ‘Postulates’ do not follow from Euclid’s 7. (i) If a straight line l falls on two straight lines m
and n such that the sum of the interior angles on
postulates.
one side of l is equals to two right angles then by
However, (ii) follow from given postulate (i). 1 Euclid’s fifth postulate the lines will not meet on
4. Euclid’s axiom : If C be the mid-point of a line this side of l. Next, we know that the sum of the
1 interior angles on the other side of line l will also
segment AB, then AC = AB.
2 be two right angles. Therefore, they will not meet
1 on the other side also. So, the lines m and n never
AC = AB ½
2 meet and are therefore, parallel. 2
(ii) Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry. ½
(iii) Universal truth. ½
¨¨¨
CHAPTER
SECTION
B
6 LINES AND ANGLES
TOPIC-1
Different Types of Angles
WORKSHEET-51
1. ∵ x + 20° + 2x – 20° + 60° = 180° 6. Let normals at A and B meet at P.
(∴ Straight line makes an angle of 180°) B
O
⇒ 3x = 180° – 60° = 120° m
⇒ x = 40° 4 3
Thus, ∠COD = 2x – 20° = 80° – 20° = 60°.
1
2. Let the angle be x, then 2
D A
Angle x = Complement of x P 1
⇒ x = 90° – x ⇒ x = 45°. 1
3. (3x – 15°) + (x + 5°) = 90° 1
⇒ x = 25°
C
Angles are 60° and 30°. 2
As mirrors are perpendicular to each other there
4. Let the two supplementary angles are 2x and 3x, fore BP || OA and AP || OB.
then So BP ^ PA,
2x + 3x = 180° i.e, ÐBPA = 90° 1
180° Therefore
⇒ x = = 36°
9 1 Ð3 + Ð2 = 90° ...(i)
Hence, the angles are 2x and 3x or 72° and 108°. (Angle sum property)
1 Also Ð1 = Ð2 and Ð4 = Ð3 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] (Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection)
Therefore Ð1 + Ð4 = 90° ...(ii) [form (i)]
5. ÐPOR + ÐROQ = 180°
Adding (1) and (2), we have
⇒ 2x + 3x = 180°
Ð1 + Ð2 + Ð3 + Ð4 = 180°
x = 36° i.e. ÐCAB + ÐDBA = 180°
\ ÐPOR = 72°, ÐROQ = 108° 3 Hence CA || BD 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012, 2014]
WORKSHEET-52
1. Angles (30° – a) and (125° + 2a) are supplementary 1
By given condition, x = (90° –x) ⇒ 6x = 90°
of each other, then 5
30° – a + 125° + 2a = 180° ⇒ x = 15°. 1
⇒ a = 180° – 155° 4. Let, ∠a = 2x and ∠b = 3x ½
= 25°. 1 Then, ∠a + ∠b = 90°
2. The complement of (90° – a) = 90° – (90° – a) ⇒ 2x + 3x = 90°
(As sum of complementary angles is 90°) ∴ x = 18° ½
= 90° – 90° + a = a. 1 a = 2 × 18° = 36°
3. Let the angle be x, then
b = 3 × 18° = 54°
6. ÐCOF = 2x°
∴ c = 180° – b = 180° – 54°
= 126°. 1 (vertically opposite angles)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] \ 3x° + 2x° + 5x° = 180°
Þ 10x° = 180° Þ x =18°
5. ∠POC = 2y
(Vertically opp. angles) ÐAOC = 3x° = 54°
∴ 5y + 2y + 5y = 180° 1 ÐBOF = 5x° = 90°
⇒ 12y = 180° ½ ÐDOE = 2x° = 36° 3
⇒ y = 15°. ½
WORKSHEET-53
1. Angle (55° + 3a) and (115° – 2a) are supplement of 5. Let, ∠AOB = 2x
each other, then and ∠BOC = 3x
55° + 3a + 115° – 2a = 180° ∠AOB + ∠BOC = ∠AOC
⇒ a = 180° – 170° ⇒ 2x + 3x = 75°
= 10°. 1 75°
⇒ x = = 15°
2. Here, 5x + 4x = 180° 5
(∴ Straight line makes an angle of 180°) ∴ ∠AOB = 2x = 30° 1
180° and ∠BOC = 3x = 45°. 1
⇒ x =
= 20°. 1
3. Here, 40° + 3y + 2y = 180° 6. 4b + 75 + b = 180° [Linear pair]

Þ 5b = 105
(∴ Straight line makes an angle of 180°)
Þ b = 24°
⇒ 5y = 140° \ 4b = 84°
∴ y = 28°. 1 [Vertically opposite anlge]
4. a + b = 180° (Linear pair) ½ a = 4 × 21 1½
a – b = 80° (Given) a = 84
Adding, 2a = 260° ½ \ 2c = 180 – a
⇒ a = 130° ½ 2c = 180 – 84
and b = 180° – a = 180° – 130° 2c = 96
= 50°. ½ c = 48° 1½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012, 2010, 2011] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
WORKSHEET-54
3.
1. 2x + 7x = 180° Þ x = 20° B
So the angles are
2x = 2 × 20° A
O
= 40°
7x = 7 × 20° E
= 140° D
So two angles are 40° and 140°. 1
C
Extend AO to E,
2. x + 50° + 90° = 180° ⇒ x = 40° 1
∴ ∠AOB + ∠BOE = 180° (Linear pair) ...(1) ½
⇒ q = x = 40°. ∠EOC + ∠COD + ∠DOA
(Vertically opposite angles) = 180° (Adjacent angles)
...(2) ½
Adding (1) and (2), we get 5. C
∠AOB + ∠BOE + ∠EOC + ∠COD + ∠DOA 2x° B
= 180° + 180°
84° O
∠AOB + ∠BOC + ∠COD + ∠DOA z°
= 360°. 1 y°
75° D
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] A
4. Given, ∠COA = 82°

⇒ ∠COB + ∠BOA = 82° E
⇒ ∠COB + 35° = 82° (∵ ∠BOA = 35°)
84° + 2x° = 180° (linear pair)
⇒ ∠COB = 82° – 35° = 47° 1 ⇒ 2x = 96° 2
Similarily, ∠DOB = ∠DOC + ∠COB ⇒ x = 48°
y + 75 = 2x (VOA)
⇒ 87° = ∠DOC + 47°
⇒ y = 2 × 48° – 75°
⇒ ∠DOC = 87° – 47° = 40°. 1 = 96° – 75°
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = 21°
z = 84° (VOA) 2
TOPIC-2
Transversal Line
WORKSHEET-55
1. m and n lines are parallel 1 z = 2x – 10° (V.O.A.)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] = 60° – 10° = 50° 1
6.
2. Pair of alternate interior angles. 1 B
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] R
1
52 l
4 4 P A
3. of a right angle = × 90° = 120°
3 3
3 S
(Sum of supplementary angles is 180°) 1
64 m
Supplement of 120° = 180° – 120° = 60°. 1 Q C

4. x = 50° (V.O.A.) ½ T
y + 130° = 180° (Linear pair) ½ Given : l || m line t is a transversal intersecting
⇒ y = 50° them at P and Q rerpectively.
x = y = 50° To prove : PR || QS
But x and y are alternate angles. Proof : Ð5 = Ð6
∴ l || m. 1
(Corresponding angles and l || m)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012, 2010, 2011]
1 1
5. 5x – 20° + 2x – 10° = 180° Þ Ð5 = Ð6
2 2
(Corresponding interior angles)
Þ Ð1 = Ð3
⇒ 7x = 180° + 30° = 210°
\ PR || QS 4
⇒ x = 30° 1
y = 180° – (5x – 20°)
= 180° – (150° – 20°)
⇒ y = 180° – 130° = 50° 1
WORKSHEET-56
1. y = 3x + 35° 5. AB ||DC
(Vertically opposite angles) ∠CDB = ∠ABD
y + 2x + 15° = 180° = x = 35°
(Corresponding interior angles) [alternate angles] 1
x + y + 80° = 180° 1
⇒ 3x + 35° + 2x + 15° = 180°
∠ADB = y = 180° – 35° – 80°
5x = 130° 1 = 65°
⇒ x = 26°. [angle sum property] 1
∠DCB = z = 180° – [35° + 35°]
2. ÐDBS = ÐBCQ = 135 = 110° 1
[Conresponding angles] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
ÐRBD = 180° – ÐDBS 1 AB || DC
= 180° – 135 = 45° 1 y + 35° + 80° = 180°
(Corresponding interior angles) 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ⇒ y = 180° – 115°
3. ∠3 = ∠1 = 60° (corr ∠S) ⇒ y = 65° ½
∠ABD = ∠CDB ⇒ x = 35°
∠2 + ∠3 = 180° (Alternate angles) 1
∠2 + 60° = 180° (∵∠3 = 60°) In ∆BCD,
35° + y – 30° + z = 180° 1
∠2 = 120° = 2 × 60° = 2 ∠1 2 ⇒ z = 180° – 5° – y
⇒ z = 175 – 65°
⇒ z = 110°. ½
WORKSHEET-57
1. Let, ∠a = 2x, ∠b = 3x ∠CNM = 180° – ∠DNM
Then, 2x + 3x = 5x = 180° (Linear pair)
⇒ x = 36°
∠a = 2x = 72° = 180° – 123° = 57°. ½
∠h + ∠a = 180° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
(Corresponding exterior angles)
⇒ ∠h = 180° – 72° = 108°. 1 4. ÐEFD = 60°
2. Let, l || AB || CD (by construction)
A B Þ 25° + y = 60°
O
120° Þ y = 35°
I F 140° x E Þ ÐBEF + ÐEFD = 180° 1
C D O' [Sum of co-interior angles on same side of
then, ∠OEF + ∠BOE = 180° transversal is supphymentry]
∠OÉF + ∠DOE = 180° Þ ÐBEF + 60° = 180° 1
[Corresponding interior angles]
∠OEF + ∠OÉF + 120° + 140° Þ ÐBEF = 120°
= 360° Þ ÐPEF + 40° = 120°
⇒ ∠OEO´ = 360° – 260°
∴ x = 100°. 1 Þ ÐPEF = 80°
3. 3z – 42° = 2z + 13° Now in DPEF 1

(Alternate interior angles) Þ x + 80° + 25° = 180°
z = 42° + 13° ½
z = 55° ½ [Angle sum property]
∠DNM = 2z + 13° = 110° + 13° Þ x = 75° 1
= 123° ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
WORKSHEET-58
1. ∠PQS + ∠QSF = 180° ∠BEF = ∠4
(Angles on the same side of transversal) Since, AE || DC
⇒ ∠PQS + ∠RFE = 180°, as ∠QSF = ∠EFR ∠D + ∠1 = 180°
⇒ 60° + ∠RFE = 180° (Angles on the same side of transversal)
(Corresponding ∠S) ∠1 = 180° – 110° = 70° 1
∴ ∠RFE = 120°. 1 ∠4 = ∠1 = 70° (Alternate angles)
2. Let, x = 3k, y = 2k ½
Then, x + y = 3k + 2k = 180° Again, 97° + ∠2 = 180°
(Angles on the same side of transversal) ½ (Angle on the same side of transversal) ½
⇒ 5k = 180° ∠2 = 180° – 97° = 83°
⇒ k = 36° ∠3 = ∠2 = 83°
∴ x = 3k = 108° ½ (Vertically opp. angles) ½
D C
y = 2k = 72° ½
Thus, ∠z = ∠x = 108. 110° 97°
(Alternate interior angles) ½
3. Ða = 180° – 50° 1 2 F
= 130° (Linear pair) A E
3 4
Ðb = 130° 1
(Since Vertically opposite angles are equal) 73°
This showes that Ða = Ðb B
But the are alternate interior angles, In ∆BEF,
\ LM || XY 1 ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠EBF = 180°
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] (Angle sum property) 1
⇒ 83° + 70° + ∠EBF = 180°
4. Let ∠DAF = ∠1
⇒ ∠EBF = 180° – 153°
∠CFA = ∠2,
⇒ ∠EBF = 27°. ½
∠BFE = ∠3,
TOPIC-3
Angle Sum Property of a Triangle
WORKSHEET-59
1. Let, equal angles are x and x, then
4. ÐCBD = 34° + 30° 1
x + x = 80° ⇒ x = 40°. 1
= 64°
(Exterior angle is the sum of the two opposite (Exterior Ð of DABC)
interior angles) x° = ÐEBD + ÐEDB 1
2. Exterior angle = Sum of opposite two interior angle = 64° + 45°
½ x° = 109° 1
other angle = 180 – 110 = 70° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
110 = 30 + x 1
5. In ∆ABC,
⇒ x = 80°. ½ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
3. ∠ACD = ∠A + ∠B 1 (Angle sum prop. of D)
[Exterior angle is the sum of the two interior ∠A + ∠C = 180° – 90° = 90° 1
opposite angles] 1
(∠A + ∠C) = 45° ½
= 60 + 70 2
∠ACD = 130° 1
.
In ∆AOC, First prove the theorem
Let A, B & C are the ∠‘s of ∆
1 1
∠A + ∠C + ∠AOC = 180° ½ Then, ∠A = 2x – 7
2 2
∠B = x + 25 1
∠AOC = 180° – 45° = 135°. 1 ∠C = 3x + 12 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme , 2012] ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° (∠ sum prop. of ∆)
6. A ⇒ 2x – 7 + x + 25 + 3x + 12
= 180°
⇒ 6x – 7 + 37 = 180°
⇒ 6x = 180° – 30°
⇒ 6x = 150°
150°
⇒ x =
6
B C
∴ x = 25° 2
WORKSHEET-60
1. We know that x + 60° = 100° ∠B = 5x + 5° = 70°
(Exterior angle is the sum of the two interior ∠C = 3x + 50° = 89° 1
opposite angles) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
∴ x = 40°. 1
x  1
2. Given, ∠A + ∠B = 65° 4. x + 9° + 5  − 1° + x = 180° (Linear pair) 1
2  2
Given, ∠B + ∠C = 140°
∠A + ∠B + ∠B + ∠C = 65° + 140 = 205° ½ 5x 1
⇒ x + 9° + − 5° + x = 180°
But, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180 2 2
(Angle sum prop. of D) ⇒ 4x = 176° 1
⇒ 180° + ∠B = 205° 1 ⇒ x = 44°
⇒ ∠B = 25° ½
1 x 
∴ ∠C = 140° – 25° = 115° x + 5  − 1° a + b =
2  2 
Alternative Method : (Exterior angle)
We know that, 1 5x
= x+ − 5°
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° ...(i) 2 2
(Angle Sum prop. of D) = 3x – 5°
⇒ 65° + ∠C = 180° 1 = 3 × 44° – 5°
⇒ ∠C = 115° = 132° – 5° = 127°. 1
Again by (i), [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
∠A + 140° = 180°
⇒ ∠A = 40° ½ 5. A
l
Again by (i), 2 1
x
40° + ∠B + 115° = 180°
(Angle Sum prop. of D)
⇒ ∠B = 25°. ½
3. In ∆ABC,
y z
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° 1 B C

(Angle Sum prop. of D) To prove : Sum of all the angles of ∆ABC is 180°.
⇒ 2x – 5° + 5x + 5° + 3x + 50° 1
Construction : Draw a line l parallel to BC.
= 180°
Proof : Since l||BC, we have ∠2 = ∠y
10x = 130° (Alternate angles are equal) ... (i) 1
∴ x = 13° Similarly, l||BC
∠1 = ∠z
∠A = 2x – 5° = 21°
(Alternate angles are equal) ...(ii)
Also, sum of angles at a point A on line l is 180°. Sum of all angles of a ∆ is 180° 1
½ ∴ 5x + 6x + 7x = 180° ⇒ x = 10°
∴ ∠2 + ∠x + ∠1 = 180° Angles are 50°, 60° and 70° respectively.
(linear pair) Hence proved.
i.e., ∠y + ∠x + ∠z = 180° (from (i) and (ii))
∴ ∠x + ∠y + ∠z = 180° ½
⇒ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
WORKSHEET-61
1. Since sum of all the exterior angles formed by 4. Since AB ||CD
producing the sides of a polygon is 360°. ∴ ∠BAC = ∠DCE = 72°
∴ x° + y° + z° = 360°. 1
(Corresponding angles) 1
x° + y°
2. Given, z° = ∠DCE = ∠CEF + ∠CFE
2
(Exterior angle) 1
⇒ 2z° = x° + y° ½
∵ x° + y° + z° = 180° ⇒ 72° = 40° + ∠CFE
(Angle sum property) 1 ∴ ∠CFE = 32°. 1
⇒ 2z° + z° = 180°
⇒ z° = 60°. ½
3. A 5. y + 20° = 58° (Corr. angles)
⇒ y = 58° – 20° = 38° 1½
60°
∠PRQ = 180° – (58° + 22°)
(Linear pair)
40° = 180° – 80° = 100° 1½
B C
x = 180° – (100° + 38°)
∠C = 180° – (60° + 40°)
(Angle sum property)
= 180° – 100° ½
= 80° = 180° – 138° = 42°. 1
⇒ AC is the smallest side ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
Reason : Side opposite to smaller angle is shortest. 1
WORKSHEET-62
1. In ∆ABC, 4. ∵ ∠A = ∠B + ∠C 1
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
∴ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° ⇒ 2 ∠A = 180° 1
(By given conditions)
⇒ ∠A = 90°.
⇒ ∠A + 2∠A + 6∠A = 180°
⇒ 9∠A = 180°
⇒ ∠A = 20°. 1
2. In ∆ABC, Given, ∠A = ∠B + ∠C ½
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° ∴ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° ½
Also, in ∆DEF, ⇒ ∠A + ∠A = 180° ½
∠D + ∠E + ∠F = 180° ⇒ ∠A = 90°. ½
∴ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E + ∠F Hence, ∆ABC is a right angled triangle.
= 360° = 4 × 90°
5. P Q
Hence, k = 4. 1
A
3. x = ∠APQ = 40°
(Alternate angles) ½
x + y = 118° ½
(Exterior angle is the sum of the two opposite
interior angles)
⇒ 40° + y = 118° ½ B C

∴ y = 118° – 40° = 78°. ½
Through vertex A, draw PAQ||BC ½ 6. A
∴ ∠PAB = ∠ABC
(Alternate angles) ½
D
∠QAC = ∠ACB
(Alternate angles) ½ P
Adding above 2 equalities,
x
∠PAB + ∠QAC = ∠ABC + ∠ACB ½ y
x y
Adding ∠BAC to both sides, we get ½
B C ½
∠PAB + ∠QAC + ∠BAC ∠ACD = ∠ABC = x ½
= ∠ABC + ∠ACB + ∠BAC ∠BCP = ∠DCP = y ½
⇒ 180° = ∠ABC + ∠ACB + ∠BAC Ext ∠APC = x + y 1
(Linear pair) ½ ∠ACP = x + y 1
∠ACP = ∠APC. ½
¨¨¨
SECTION
CHAPTER
B
7 TRIANGLES
TOPIC-1
Criteria for Congruence of Triangles
WORKSHEET-63
1. ASA congruence : Two triangles are congruent, if ∠A = ∠A, ∠AEB = ∠AFC = 90° 1
two angles and the included side of one triangle ∴ ∠ABE = ∠ACF, BE = CF 1
are equal to two angles and the included side of ∴ ∆AEB ≅ ∆AFC (ASA) 1
other triangle. 1 ∴ AB = AC (c.p.c.t) 1
2. A
Alternative method :
A
B C F E
B D C
D
In ∆BCE and ∆CBF,
Join AD. ∠BEC = ∠BFC = 90° (Given) ½
In ∆ABC and ∆ACD, BE = CF (Given)
AB = AC (Given) BC = CB (Common)
BD = CD (Given) ∴ ∆BCE ≅ ∆CBF (By RHS) 1
⇒ ∠B = ∠C ½
AD = AD (Common) 1
∴ AC = AB (By c.p.c.t.) ½
By using SSS Congruency Rule, Similarly, ∆ABD ≅ ∆BAE
∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD ½ AC = BC 1

∴ ∠ABD = ∠ACD (By c.p.c.t.) ½ Therefore, AB = BC = AC ½
Thus, ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle.
3. In ∆ABD and ∆CDB, 5. Given : D is the mid-point of side AC
AB = CD (Given) 1
To Prove : BD = AC
∠ABD = ∠CDB (Given) 2 2
BD = BD (Common) Const : Draw, DE || BC 1
⇒ ∆ABD ≅ ∆CDB (By SAS) Proof : In ∆ABC,
D is the mid–point of AC & ED || BC
⇒ AD = CB. (By c.p.c.t.) 1 ∴ By mid point theorem,
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] AE = EB ...(i)
Now, ED || BC (By const)
4. In ∆ABE & ACF, ∠AED = ∠ABC
A (Corresponding ∠’s)
∠AED = 90° 1
∴ ∠AED = ∠DEB = 90° ...(2)
Now, In ∆ADE & ∆BDE,
F E
AE = EB (from eq. ...(1))
∠AED = ∠DEB (from eq. ...(2))
ED = ED (Common)
B C
∴ ∆ADE ≅ ∆BDE (By SAS rule)
∴ AD = BD ...(3) (By cpct) From eq. (3) & (4),
1 1
But, AD = DC = AC ...(4) 1 BD = AC Hence Proved. 1
2 2
(∴ D is the mid–point of side AC)
WORKSHEET-64
1. Since AB = DE, ∠A = ∠D and ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF by In ∆ABC and ∆PQR,
SAS.
∠B = ∠Q (Given)
Therefore AC = DF. 1
A D BC = QR (Given)
AB = PQ (Assumed)
∴ ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR (By SAS rule) 1
A P
B C E F
2. Let, ∠DAC be ∠3
∠1 = ∠2 (Given) ½
∠1 + ∠3 = ∠2 + ∠3
∠BAC = ∠EAD ...(i) ½
Given that, BD = CE B C Q R
BD + DC = CE + DC ½ Case II : Suppose AB ≠ PQ and AB < PQ
⇒ BC = DE ...(ii) Take a point S on PQ such that
∠B = ∠E (Given) ...(iii)
QS = AB
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
A P
∆ABC ≅ ∆AED. (By AAS rule) ½
3. In ∆s ABC and DCB, S
AB = DC
∠ABC = ∠DCB {(Given)}
BC = CB (Common) 2½
B C Q R
∴ ∆ABC ≅ ∆DCB (SAS) ½
Join RS.
∴ AC = DB. (By c.p.c.t.)
In ∆ABC and ∆SQR,
AB = SQ (By construction)
4. In ∆ABD and ∆BAC, BC = QR (Given)
∠DAB = ∠CBA ∠B = ∠Q (Given) 1
(given) ∴ ∆ABC @ ∆SQR (By SAS rule)
AB = AB (Common) ⇒ ∠ACB = ∠QRS (By c.p.c.t.)
AD = BC (given) But, ∠QRP = ∠ACB
∴ ∆ABD ≅ ∆BAC (By SAS) 2 ⇒ ∠QRP = ∠QRS
⇒ BD = AC 1 Which is impossible unless ray RS coincides with
RP.
⇒ ∠ABD = ∠BAC. (By c.p.c.t.) 1
∴ AB must be equal to PQ. ½
So, ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR
5. Proof : We are given two triangles ABC and PQR
in which Case III : If AB > PQ.
∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R We can choose a point T on AB such that TB = PQ
and BC = QR and repeating the arguments as given in Case II,
We need to prove that ∆ABC ≅ ∠PQR 1 we can conclude that AB = PQ and so,
There are three cases.
∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR ½
Case I : Let AB = PQ
WORKSHEET-65
1. Let the angles of triangle are 5x, 3x and 7x, then 4. BR + BQ = CQ + BQ ⇒ QR = BC 1
5x + 3x + 7x = 180° ∆ABC @ ∆PQR by RHS ≅ condn 1
⇒ 15x = 180° ∴ AC = PR (by c.p.c.t.) 1
Thus, x = 12° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
∴ Angles are 60°, 36°, 84° Alternative Method :
∵ Each angle is less than 90° Given, BR = CQ
∴ The triangle is an acute angled triangle. 1 BR + BQ = CQ + BQ
2. Given, AX || BY QR = BC ½
⇒ ∠BAX = ∠ABY In ∆ABC and ∆PQR,
(Alternate angles) ...(i) ½ ⇒ QR = BC (Proved above)
∠AXY = ∠BYX AB = PQ (Given) 1
(Alternate angles) ...(ii) ½ ∠BAC = ∠QPR = 90° (Given)
In ∆APX and ∆BPY, ∴ ∆ABC @ ∆PQR (By RHS) 1
⇒ AC = PR. (By c.p.c.t.) ½
AX = BY (Given) ...(iii) ½
From (1), (2) and (3), we get 5. ∠AOB = ∠COD (Given)
∆APX ≅ ∆BPY, ∠AOB – ∠COB = ∠COD – ∠COB
(By ASA) Proved. ½ ∠AOC = ∠BOD 1
3. In ∆ADC and ∆ABC, In ∆AOC and ∆BOD,
AC is common AO = OB (Given)
∠DAC = ∠BAC ½ OC = OD (Given)
∠DCA = ∠BCA (Given) ½ ∠AOC = ∠BOD (Proved above)
Hence, ∆ADC ≅ ∆ABC (By AAS rule) ½ ∴ ∆AOC ≅ ∆BOD (SAS) 2
⇒ CD = BC. (By c.p.c.t.) Proved. ½ AC = BD. (By c.p.c.t.) 1
WORKSHEET-66
1. If two triangles are congruent, then one side of a ⇒ ∠B = ∠C. (By c.p.c.t.) Proved. ½
triangle is equal to the corresponding side of the A
5. E
other triangle.
Hence, AB = PQ 1
2. ∆CBA ≅ ∆PRQ 1
3. OA = OB
(O is the mid-point of AB)
∠AOC = ∠BOD
B D C
(Vertically opposite angles) ½
∠BAD = ∠EAC (given)
OC = OD
Adding ∠CAD both sides,
(O is the mid-point of CD) ½ ∠BAD + ∠CAD = ∠EAC + ∠CAD 2
∆AOC ≅ ∆BOD (By SAS) ½ ⇒ ∠BAC = ∠DAE
⇒ AC = BD. (By c.p.c.t.) Proved ½ ∆BAC ≅ ∆DAE (By SAS) 1
4. A ∴ BC = ED (By c.p.c.t.) 1
Alternative method :
E F A E
B C
D
In ∆BED and ∆CFD,
∠DEB = ∠DFC = 90° ½
B D C
BD = DC (D is the mid–point)
ED = FD (Given) Given, ∠BAD = ∠EAC
∴ ∆BED ≅ ∆CFD (By RHS) 1 Adding ∠CAD on both sides, we get
∠BAD + ∠CAD = ∠EAC + ∠CAD 1 AB = AD (Given)
∠BAC = ∠DAE ∆BAC ≅ ∆DAE (By SAS) 1
AC = AE (Given) 1 ∴ BC = ED (By c.p.c.t.) 1
WORKSHEET-67
1. By SAS. 1 5. P
2. ∠BDA = ∠ACB = 90° (Given)
AD = BC (Given)
AB = AB (Common)
∴ ∆ABD ≅ ∆BAC (By RHS) 1 T
3. In ∆PAB and ∆PDC, Q S
PA = PD (Given)
(P is the mid-point of AD)
AB = CD (Side of a square)
R
∠PAB = ∠PDC = 90°
By R.H.S., ∆PAB ≅ ∆PDC 1½ In ∆s PQR and ∆PSR,
∴ PB = PC (By c.p.c.t.) PQ = PS (Given)
(Angles opp. to equal sides are equal) RQ = RS (Given)
⇒ ∠PCB = ∠PBC. Proved. ½ PR = PR (Common) 1
4. (i) In ∆AOD and ∆BOC, ∴ By SSS criterion of congruence,
OA = OB (Given) ∆PQR ≅ ∆PSR 1
OD = OC (Given) ⇒ ∠QRP = ∠SRP
∠AOD = ∠BOC (∵ Corresponding parts of congruent triangles
(Vertically opposite angles) are equal) ½
So, by SAS criteria, Again, in ∆s RQT and ∆RST
∆AOD ≅ ∆BOC 1 RQ = RS (Given)
(ii) ∠CBA = ∠DAB (By c.p.c.t.) RT = RT (Common)
AD and BC are two lines intersected by AB such ∠QRT = ∠SRT
that ∠CBA = ∠DAB and they form a pair of (∵ ∠ QRP = ∠SRP) 1
alternate angles. ∴ By SAS criterion of congruence.
Hence, AD || BC. 1 ∆RQT ≅ ∆RST ½
TOPIC-2
Some Properties of Triangles
WORKSHEET-68
1. AB = AC BC = CD ⇒ ∠CBD
⇒ ∠C = ∠B
= ∠CDB ...(ii) ½
By angle sum property,
Adding eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
C
∠ABD + ∠CBD = ∠ADB + ∠CDB ½
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠ADC. Proved. ½
A
3.
90°
A B X
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
⇒ 90° + ∠B + ∠B = 180°
⇒ 2B = 90°
∴ B = 45°. 1
2. AB = AD ⇒ ∠ABD B Y C 1
= ∠ADB ...(i) ½ AB = BC [Given]
BC = QR (Given)
1 1
⇒ AB = BC ∴ ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR (By SAS rule) 1
2 2 E
1 5.
But AB = BX
2
1
∴ BC = BX ...(i) ½
2
D
But A 1 2 C
3 4
1
BC = BY ...(ii) ½
2
From (i) and (ii) B
BX = BY 1 In ∆ABC,
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] AB = BC (Given) 1
4. Given, AB = PQ ∴ ∠1 = ∠2
BC = QR (Angles opposite to equal sides)
AM = PN
In ∆ABD and ∆CBD,
To prove : ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR
AB = BC
Prove : BC = QR (Given)
∠1 = ∠2
1 1
BC = QR AD = CD 1
2 2 ∴ ∆ABD ≅ ∆CBD (By SAS cong.)
(∴ M & N are the mid-points of sides BC & QR, ∠3 = ∠4 (By c.p.c.t.) ½
resp.) 1
∠3 + ∠4 = 180°
Now, In ∆ABM & ∆PQN,
∴ ∠4 = 90°
AB = PQ (Given)
∴ ∠ADE = ∠4 (V.O.A).
AM = PN 1
∴ ∠ADE = 90° Proved. ½
BM = QN (from eq. (1))
In ∆EAD and ∆ECD,
∴ ∆ABM ≅ ∆PQN (By SSS rule) AD = CD (Given)
∴ ∠1 = ∠2 ....(2) (By c.p.c.t.) ∠ADE = ∠CDE = 90° ½
Now, In ∆ABC & ∆PQR, and DE = DE (Common)
AB = PQ (Given) So, ∆EAD ≅ ∆ECD (by SAS)
∠1 = ∠2 (From eq. (2) 1
⇒ AE = CE. (By c.p.c.t.) 1
WORKSHEET-69
1. In ∆PEQ and ∆PER, In ∆ABP and ∆ACP,
∠PEQ = ∠PER = 90°
AB = AC (Given) ½
∠QPE = ∠RPE (Given)
PE = PE (Common) AP = AP (Common)
∴ ∆PEQ ≅ ∆PER (by ASA) ∠APB = ∠APC = 90°, (AP ⊥ BC) ½
∴ PQ = PR. (By c.p.c.t.) By RHS rule, ∆ABP ≅ ∆ACP ½
P ⇒ ∠B = ∠C. (By c.p.c.t.) ½
3. A
90° 90°
Q E R 1
A
2.
B C ½
AB = AC ½
∴ ∠B = ∠C = x
BA = BC
B C ∴ ∠A = ∠C = x
P
Also, AC = BC ½ Also, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°, (Angle sum
property)
∠A = ∠B = x
∴ ∠A + ∠A + ∠A = 180° ½
But, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° ½
⇒ 3∠A = 180° ⇒ ∠A = 60°
⇒ 3x = 180° ∴ ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°.
⇒ x = 60° Thus, each angle of an equilateral triangle is 60°. 1
∴ ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 4. ∠XAK + ∠KAH = 180° (Linear pair)
Alternative Method : ∠KAH =180° – 137° = 43°
A (∵ ∠CAX = ∠XAK = 137°, Given)
AB = AC (Given) 1
∴ ∠ABC = ∠ACB
(Angles opp to equal sides are equal)
∠ABC + ∠ACB = 137°, (ext. angle)
∴ ∠ABC = ∠ACB
B C 137°
Let ∆ABC be an equilateral triangle, so that AB = = = 68.5° ½
2
AC = BC.
Now, AB = AC CH = CB (Given)
⇒ ∠B = ∠C ....(1) ⇒ ∠CBA = ∠CHB = 68.5° ½
(∵ Angles opp. to equal sides are equal) ∴ ∠HCB = 180° – 137° = 43° 1
CB = CA ½ ∠CHK = ∠HCB = 43°.
⇒ ∠A = ∠B ....(2)
(Alternate angles) 1
(∵ Angles opp. to equal sides are equal)
From (1) and (2), we have [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2013, 2012]
∠A = ∠B = ∠C 1
WORKSHEET-70
1. In ∆PQS and ∆PRS, 3. Proof : In ∆ABF and ∆ACE,
PQ = PR (Given) ½
PS = PS (Common) AB = AC (Given) 1
∠PSQ = ∠PSR = 90° ∠A = ∠A (Common) 1
(PS is altitude) ½
AF = AE
By R.H.S. rule,
∆PQS ≅ ∆PRS ½ ∴ ∆ABF ≅ ∆ACE (by SAS cong.)
⇒ ∠QPS = ∠RPS (By c.p.c.t.) ½ ∴ By c.p.c.t., BF = CE. 1
Hence, PS bisects ∠P.
P [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
AB AC
AB = AC ⇒ = ½
2 2
⇒ AE = AF,
Q R
S Since E and F are the mid-points of AB and AC.
2. In ∆ABE and ∆ACD, In ∆ABF and ∆ACE,
AB = AC (Given) ½
AB = AC (Given) ½
∠C = ∠B
(Angle opp. to equal sides) ½ ∠A = ∠A (Common) ½
BE = CD (Given) ½ AF = AE (Proved) ½
∴ ∆ABE ≅ ∆ACD (By SAS) 1
⇒ AD = AE. (By c.p.c.t.) ½ ∴ ∆ABF ≅ ∆ACE (By SAS cong.) ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011, 2012] ∴ BF = CE. (By c.p.c.t) ½
4. D A In ∆ABE AD = AB,
5
2 7 6 and ∆ADF ∠D = ∠B = 90° ½
8
∴ ∆ADF ≅ ∆ABE (SAS) 1
⇒ AF = AE, ∠5 = ∠6
F
(By c.p.c.t) 1
1
M (ii) In ∆AMF and ∆AME,
3 4 AF = AE,
C B
E AM = AM (Common)
(i) EF || BD ⇒ ∠1 = ∠2, ∠3 = ∠4 FM = EM (Given) 1
(Corresponding angles) ∆AMF ≅ ∆AME (SSS)
But, ∠2 = ∠4 ∴ ∠7 = ∠8 (By c.p.c.t)
∴ ∠3 = ∠1 ½ ∠7 + ∠5 = ∠8 + ∠6
⇒ FC = EC ⇒ ∠MAD = ∠MAB 1
(Sides opp. to equal angle) ⇒ AM bisects ∠BAD. Proved.
CD – FC = CB – CE [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
⇒ DF = BE Proved.
TOPIC-3
Inequalities of a Triangle
WORKSHEET-71
1. P (Exterior angle property of triangle) ½
3. In ∆ABY and ∆ACX,
AB = AC (Given)
AY = AX (Given) 1
∠A = ∠A (Common)
Q R 1 ∴ By SAS, ∆ABY ≅ ∆ACX. Proved. 1
∠R > ∠Q 4. In ∆PQS,
PQ > PR PQ + QS > PS ...(1) 1
(Side opposite to larger angle is larger). (Sum of any two sides is greater than the third side)
2. In ∆ABC, AC > AB (Given)
In ∆PSR,
∴ ∠ABC > ∠ACB
(Angles opposite to larger side is greater) ½ PR + SR > PS ...(2)
∴ ∠ABC + ∠1 > ∠ACB + ∠1 Adding (1) & (2), 1
(Adding ∠1 on both sides) ½ PQ + QS + PR + SR > 2PS (∵ QR = QS + SR)
∴ ∠ABC + ∠1 > ∠ACB + ∠2 PQ + QR + RP > 2PS. 1
(AD bisects ∠A, ∠1 = ∠2) ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
∴ ∠ADC > ∠ADB.
5. By triangle inequality property,
D
In ∆ABC, AB + BC > AC ...(1) ½

using the fact that sum C
In ∆BCD, BC + CD > BD of two sides of a trian- ...(2) ½
In ∆CDA, CD + DA > AC gle is greater than the O
...(3) ½
In ∆DAB, DA + AB > BD third side A
...(4) ½
B
Adding (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get

AB + BC + BC + CD + CD + DA + DA + AB > AC + BD + AC + BD 1
⇒ 2(AB + BC + CD + DA) > 2(AC + BD)
Hence, Perimeter > Sum of its diagonals. 1
WORKSHEET-72
1. No, Because, 2.3 + 3.1 = 5.4 cm (third side) ∴ AD < AB and AD < AC ...(2) ½
\ Not possible to construct a triangle. 1 Also, AC a line segment and B does not lie on it.
2. Proof : In ∆AOB, BE ⊥ AC
∠B > ∠A ∴ BE < AB and BE < BC ...(3) 1
∠A < ∠B 1
OB < OA ...(1) Adding (1), (2) and (3), we get
In ∆COD, 2(AD + BE + CF) < 2(AB + BC + CA)
∠C > ∠D ∴ AB + BC + CA > AD + BE + CF ½
∠D < ∠C 1 i.e., Perimeter is greater than the sum of three
OC < OD ...(2)
altitudes. Proved.
Adding (1) + (2),
OB + OC < OA + OD 4. Given : A quadrilateral ABCD.
BC < AD AB is the smallest and CD is the largest side.
or, AD > BC 1 To prove : ∠A > ∠C 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] Construction : Join AC.
3. A Proof : In DDAC,
CD > AD
∴ ∠1 > ∠3 ...(1) 1
In ∆ABC, BC > AB
F E ⇒ ∠2 > ∠4 ...(2) 1
D
A
1
B D C 2
Since from a point ⊥r line is the shortest. ½
CF ⊥ AB 3
4
∴ CF < AC and CF < BC ...(1) B C
½ Adding eqns. (1) and (2), we get
∠1 + ∠2 > ∠3 + ∠4
Similarly, BC is a line segment and A does not lie
⇒ ∠A > ∠C. 1
on it. AD ⊥ BC
WORKSHEET-73
1. P 2. In ∆PQR, we have
PR > PQ (Given)
∠PQR > ∠PRQ
(∵ angle opp. to larger side is greater)
T ∴ ∠PQR + ∠1 > ∠PRQ + ∠1
S
(Adding ∠1 on both sides)
∠PQR + ∠1 > ∠PRQ + ∠2 ...(i) 1
Q R (∵ PS is the bisector at ∠P ∴ ∠1 = ∠2)
Construction : Produce QS to meet PR in T ½ Now, in ∆PQS and ∆PSR, we have
∠PQR + ∠1 + ∠PSQ = 180°
In ∆PQT, PQ + PT > QT
and
⇒ PQ + PT > QS + ST ...(1) ½ ∠PRQ + ∠2 + ∠PSR = 180°
In ∆SRT, TR + ST > SR ...(2) ½ ∠PQR + ∠1 = 180° – ∠PSQ ...(ii)
Adding (1) and (2), we get and ∠PRQ + ∠2 = 180° – ∠PSR ...(iii) 1
PQ + PT + TR + ST > QS + ST + SR 1 Substitude eq. (ii) & (iii) in eq. (i)
∵ 180° – ∠PSQ > 180° – ∠PSR
⇒ PQ + PR > QS + SR
⇒ – ∠PSQ > – ∠PSR
⇒ QS + SR < PQ + PR. ½ ⇒ ∠PSQ < ∠PSR i.e.,∠PSR > ∠PSQ
3. AD = BD
(Exterior angle is equal to the sum of interior
⇒ ∠ABD = ∠DAB = 59° opposite angles)
(Angles opp. to equal sides are equal) 1 In ∆ABD, AB > BD
In ∆ABD, (Side opp. to greatest angle is the longest) 1
59° + 59° + ∠ADB = 180° Also in ∆ABC, AB < AC
⇒ ∠ADB = 180° – 118° = 62° 1
⇒ BD < AC. 1
and ∠ACD = 62° – 32° = 30°
¨¨¨
SECTION
CHAPTER
B
8 QUADRILATERALS
TOPIC-1
Type of Quadrilaterals
WORKSHEET-74
1. True 1 6. Given a square ABCD in which diagonal AC and
2. Sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360°. ½
BD intersects at O.
\ 4x° + 7x° + 15x° + 10x° = 360°
[Angle sum property of quadrilateral] To Prove :
Þ 36x° = 360° AC = BD and AC ⊥ BD
Þ x = 10° 1
\ Smallest angle = 4x° = 40°
Largest angle = 15x° = 150° ½
3. Let the measure of the angles be 3x, 5x, 9x, 13x,
then,
⇒ 3x + 5x + 9x + 13x = 360°
⇒ 30x = 360°
[Angle sum property of quadrilateral]
x = 12° 1
∴ Angles are : 36°, 60°, 108°, 156°. 1
4. Given, ABCD is a rhombus. Proof : In ∆ADB and ∆BCA,
So, AB = BC
AD = BC (sides of a square) 1
= CD = AD
To prove : ∠BAD = ∠ABC (90° each)
∠BAC = ∠DAC and ∠DCA = ∠BCA 1 AB = BA (common)
Solution : In DADC and ABC, DADB ≅ DBCA (By SAS) 1
AB = AD (Given) AC =BD (By c.p.c.t.)
CD = CB (Given) In DAOB and DAOD
AC is common. 1 OB = OD, AB = AD, AO = AO
So, DADC ≅ DABC. (By SSS)
So, ∠BAC = ∠DAC (c.p.c.t.) DAOB ≅ DAOD (SSS)
∠DCA = ∠BCA (c.p.c.t.) ∠AOB = ∠AOD 1
Hence Proved. 1
∠AOB + ∠AOD = 180°
5. ∠AOB = ∠AOD = 90°
AO ⊥ BD, AC ⊥ BD
Hence, AC = BD and AC ⊥ BD. Hence Proved. 1
7. (i) Since ABCD is a square and DDCE is an
equilateral triangle.
Let PQRS be a rectangle

In DSPQ and DRQP,
SP = RQ,
(Opp. sides of rectangle are equal) 1
∠SPQ = ∠RQP = 90°
(Each angle of rectangle is right angle) 1
PQ = QP (Common)
DSPQ ≅ DRQP
(By SAS Congruence Rule)
QS = PR
(by c.p.c.t.) Hence Proved. 1 ∴ ∠ADC = 90°
and ∠EDC = 60°
DADE ≅ DBCE

⇒ ∠ADC + ∠EDC = 90° + 60°
⇒ AE = BE Proved. 1

⇒ ∠ADE = 150° 1 (ii) In DEAD, we have
Similarly, we have AD = DE
∠BCE = 150°
⇒ ∠EAD = ∠AED = x (say)
Thus in DADE and DBCE, we have Now ∠ADE + ∠AED + ∠DAE
AD = BC = 180°
∠ADE = ∠BCE = 150° ⇒ 150° + x + x = 180°
and DE = CE 1 ⇒ 2x = 180° – 150° = 30°
So by SAS congruence criterion, we have ⇒ x =∠DAE = 15° Proved. 1
WORKSHEET-75
1. Let the angles of the quadrilateral be 2x°, 3x°, 6x°, 5. (i) In ∆s RSM and PQL,
7x°.
\ 2x° + 3x° + 6x° + 7x° = 360° ½
[Angle sum property of quadrilateral] 1
Þ 18x = 360°
Þ x = 20°
\ Largest angle = 7x° = 140° ½ ∠RSM = ∠PQL
2. Since opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal ∠M = ∠L = 90°
∴ 3x – 2 = 63 – 2x
SR = PQ 1
⇒ x = 13° 1
By AAS, DRSM ≅ ∆PQL. 1
Angles of a parallelogram :
(ii) PL = RM (c.p.c.t.)
(39 – 2)°, (180 – 37)°, (63 – 26)°, (180 – 37)°
6. In trapezium ABCD,
i.e., 37°, 143°, 37°, 143°. 1

AB || DC and AD = BC. ½
3. Let the measure of the angles be x, 2x, 3x and
4x then, Through C, draw
x + 2x + 3x + 4x = 360° 1 CE || DA.
⇒ x = 36° DC || AE and CE is transversal.
∴ Angles of quadrilateral are 36°, 72°, 108°, 144°. 1
4. S 4 cm R
∴ ∠1 = ∠2 (Alternate angles)
5 cm
Also ∠3 = ∠1
(Corresponding angles)
∠2 = ∠3 = ∠1
P 4 cm Q
∴ ∠2 + ∠3 = 2 ∠1 1
In DPSQ and DRQS
∴ ∠A + ∠C = ∠3 + ∠2 + ∠4
PQ = SR (= 4 cm)
= 2 ∠1 + ∠4 ...(i) 1
SQ = SQ (common) 1
ÐSQP =ÐQSR (Each 90°) Also ∠1 = ∠5 (∴ EC = BC)
\ DPSQ @ DRQS by SAS rule. 1 ∠A + ∠C = ∠1 + ∠4 + ∠5 = 180° 1
Thus, ar (DPSQ) = ar(DSRQ) Similarly, we can show that ∠B + ∠D = 180°
[∵ Areas of congruent figures are equal.] 1
Hence, the opposite angles of an isosceles
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2014] trapezium are supplementary. ½
WORKSHEET-76
1. ∠APR = ∠DRP
(Alternate interior angles)
or ∠1 = ∠2
But these are alternate interior angles
∴ SP || RQ, SR || PQ
PQRS is a parallelogram
∠APR + ∠BPR = 180°, (linear pair)
1 1 1
⇒ ∠APR + ∠BPR = × 180°
2 2 2
AB = DE and AB || DE
⇒ ∠1 + ∠3 = 90°
⇒ ∠SPQ = 90° Also, BC = EF and BC || EF
Proof : (i) In a quadrilateral ABED,
AB = DE and AB || DE
⇒ One pair of opposite sides are equal and
1 parallel.
∴ ABED is a parallelogram Proved. 1
⇒ AD = BE and AD || BE. ...(i)
∴ PQRS is a rectangle. 1 (ii) In quadrilateral BCFE,

2. (i) In ∆s APD and CQB BC = EF and BC || EF
AD = BC
⇒ One pair of opposite sides are equal and
(Opp. sides of a parallelogram) parallel.
PD = BQ (Given)
∴ BCFE is a parallelogram. Proved. 1
∠ADP = ∠QBC (Alt. Angles)
⇒ ∆APD ≅ ∆CQB
⇒ CF = BE and CF || BE. ....(ii)
⇒ AP = CQ (c.p.c.t.) 1 (iii) From equations (i) and (ii), we get
(ii) In ∆s AQB and CPD AD = CF and AD || CF
AB = DC, BQ = DP
⇒ ACFD is a parallelogram
and ∠ABQ = ∠PDC (Alt. angles)
∴ ∆AQB ≅ ∆CPB ⇒ AQ = CP
⇒ AC = DF and AC || DF Proved. 1
(c.p.c.t.) 1 (iv) In ∆ABC and ∆DEF,
(iii) In quad. APCQ,
AB = DE (Given)
AP = CQ and AQ = CP
⇒ APCQ is a parallelogram. 1 BC = EF (Given)
and AC = DF
3. Given : Two triangles ABC and DEF, such that (Proved above in part (c))
So by S.S.S., ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF. 1
TOPIC-2
Properties of a Parallelogram
WORKSHEET-77
1. Let the consecutive angles be x° and (3x)°. ½ Þ x° = 45°
\ x° + 3x° = 180° \ Smaller angle = x°
Þ 4x° = 180° = 45° ½
2. ∠ADC + ∠BCD = 180° ½ 1 1
1 1 \ Ð1 = ÐP and Ð2 = ÐQ) 1
⇒ ∠ADC + ∠BCD = 90° ½ 2 2
2 2 Now, in DPOQ
or ∠1 + ∠2 = 90° Ð1 + ÐPOQ + Ð2 = 180°
Þ 90° + ÐPOQ = 180°
Þ ÐPOQ = 90° 1
4. Given, PQRS is a parallelogram.
∴ ∠P + ∠Q = 180° (adjacent angles)
1 1 180°
∴ ∠P + ∠Q = = 90° 1
In ∆ODC, 2 2 2

∴
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠DOC = 180°
∠DOC = 90°. 1 ∴
1
2 {
( ∠P + ∠Q ) 1
∠PTQ = 180° −

}
= 180° – 90°
3. ∴ ∠PTQ = 90°. 1
5. Let ABCD is a parallelogram.
To show LMNO is a rectangle,
∠A + ∠D = 180° ½
Given : A parallelogram PQRS in which the 1 1
bisectors of LP and LQ meet SR at O. ∠A + ∠D = 90° ½
2 2
To Prove : ÐPOQ = 90° 1
Now, since PQRS is a parallelogram. Therefore, ∠OAD + ∠ODA = 90° ½
PS || QR In DAOD,
Now, PS || QR and transversal PQ intersects them. ∠OAD + ∠ADO + ∠DOA = 180°
\ ÐP + ÐQ = 180° ⇒ ∠DOA = 90° ½
⇒ ∠LON = 90° ½
(∵ Sum of consecutive interior angles is 180°) Similary, ∠OLM = ∠LMN = ∠MNO = 90° ½
1 1
\ ÐP + ÐQ = 90°
2 2
Þ Ð1 + Ð2 = 90°
(∵ OP is bisector of ÐP ...(i)
and OQ is bisector of ÐQ.
∴ A quadrilateral with all angles 90° is a rectangle.
Also opposite angles are equal. It is rectangle. 1
WORKSHEET-78
1. AM ⊥ DC, AN ⊥ BC 2.
In quadrilateral AMCN,
∠A + ∠M + ∠C + ∠N = 360°
∴ ∠A + ∠C = 180°
⇒ 50° + ∠C = 180° ⇒ ∠C = 130° 1
In parallelogram, ∠A = ∠C = 130° AB = CD, AD || BC
∠B = ∠D = 180° – 130° Ð2 = Ð3 ...(i)
Ð1 = Ð4 (Alt. interior
= 50°. 1
Angles)
But Ð1 = Ð2 ...(ii)
(Given, Diagonal AC bisects CA)
Ð3 = Ð4
(on comparing eqn. (i) and eqn. (ii))
AC bisects ÐC Proved 1½
Ð1 = Ð4 But Ð1 = Ð2
Ð2 = Ð4
AB = BC
(sides opp. to equal angles) 1
ABCD is a rhombus (in a parallelogram If one pair 4.
of adjacent sides are equal then it is a rhombus) ½
3. Q l || m
∴ ∠XCA = ∠YAC (Alt. int. angles) ½
⇒ ∠XCA = ∠YAC DABC is an isosceles triangle
1 1 ⇒ ∠ABC = ∠BCA
⇒ ∠1 = ∠2
2 2
∠PAC = ∠ABC + ∠BCA
⇒ CB || DA 1
= 2∠BCA ...(i) 1
Similarly, AB || DC 1
Therefore, ABCD is a parallelogram. ½ AD bisects ∠PAC ⇒ ∠PAC = 2∠DAC ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii), ∠BCA = ∠DAC 1
These are alternative angles when lines BC and
AD are intersected by AC 1

⇒ BC || AD,
Also BA ||CD (Given)
∴ ABCD is a parallelogram. 1
TOPIC-3
Mid-Point Theorem
WORKSHEET-79
1. Since D and E are mid-points of sides AB and AC
1
respectively, so, by mid-point theorem, DE =
2
BC. 1
2.
∴ SR || AC

1
and SR = AC
2
1 By mid-point theorem) ...(1) 1
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle Similarly in ∆BAC,
through the mid-point of the second side, then it PQ || AC
bisects the third side. 1
∴ D is the mid-point of AC. and PQ = AC ...(2) 1
2
Since, MD || BC 1
⇒ ∠ADM = ∠ACB From (1) and (2),
(Corresponding angles) SR || PQ
= 90° and SR = PQ ½
⇒ MD ⊥ AC. 1 ∴ PQRS is a parallelogram. ½
3. Join diagonal AC.
4. According to the question, E and F are the mid-
In ∆ADC,
S is the mid-point of AD points of sides AB and CD.
R is the mid-point of DC
1 So, AE || FC 1

∴ AE = AB Hence AECF is a parallelogram.
2
In ∆ABP,
1 E is the mid-point of AB.
CF = CD 1
2 EQ || AP
∴ Q is the mid-point of BP 1
∴ In the parallelogram opposite sides are equal, so
Similarly P is the mid-point of DQ
AB = CD
DP = PQ = QB
∴ AE = CF
∴ Line segments AF and EC trisect the diagonal
Again AB || CD BD. 1
WORKSHEET-80
1.
In DABC, P and Q are mid points of
AB and BC respectively
1
\ PQ = AC and PQ || AC ... (i)
2
1
Similarly, RS = AC and RS || AC ...(ii)
2
½
\ PQRS is a parallelogram 1
Given, perimeter of DABC = 12·8 cm Also AD= BC Þ AS = BQ
12·8 In DAEH and DBEF,
\ Perimeter of DDEF = = 6·4 cm. ½
2 AP = BP, AS = BQ and ÐA = ÐB = 90° 1
\ DAPS @ DBPQ
Þ PS = PQ ...(iii)
2. From (i) and (iii), PQRS is a parallelogram with
PQ = PS
i.e., PQRS is a rhombus. Hence Proved. 1
1 4. In DADG, E is the mid-point of AD and EF || DG.
DE || PR and DE = PR
2 ⇒ F is the mid-point of AG (converse of mid-point
(mid-point theorem) theorem) 1
1 ⇒ AF = FG ...(i)
EF || PQ and EF = PQ
2 In DCBF, BF || DG, D is the mid-point of BC.
1 ⇒ G is the mid-point of FC 1
DF || QR and DF = QR 1½
2 ⇒ FG = GC ...(ii) 1
As PQ = QR = PR From (i) and (ii), AF = FG = GC
(PQR is an equilateral triangle)
⇒ DE = EF = DF 1
⇒ ∆DEF is an equilateral triangle. ½
3. R
S Q AC = AF + FG + GC
= 3AF. 1
P
¨¨¨
CHAPTER
SECTION
B
9 AREA OF PARALLELOGRAMS & TRIANGLES
TOPIC-1
Area of Parallelograms
WORKSHEET-81
1. Ratio of area of the triangle to the area of 4. Given : A rectangle ABCD.
parallelogram is 1 : 2. 1
1
2. Area of (DPXO) = ×b×h
2
(b = base, h = height)
1 1
⇒ 32 = × PQ × h To prove : AC = BD 1
2 Consider, ∆DAC and ∆CBD,
1 ∠D = ∠C
⇒ 32 = ×8×h AD = BC
2
(opp. sides are equal) 1
32 × 2
⇒ h = DC = DC (Common)
8
∴ ∆DAC @ ∆CBD (By SAS)
⇒ h = 8 cm 1 ⇒ AC = BD (c.p.c.t.)
Now, area of 11gm PQRS = b × h Hence Proved. 1
= 8 × 8 5. To Prove that : Ar (||gm DLOP) = Ar (||gm BMOQ)
= 64 cm2 1 Proof : Give ABCD is a ||gm and AC is one if its
Hence altitude of PQRS = 8 cm digonal
and area of PQRS = 64 cm2. ∴ ar(∆ABC) = ar(∆ADC) ...(i)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] [∵ The diagonal of a ||gm divides it into two equal
triangles] 1
3. Given : A parallelogram MNOP is which one of Now, LM is parallel to AD
the diagonals is PN (∵ AD = BC and AD || BC as ABCD is a ||gm)
∴ LM || BC ⇒ LO || CQ
Similarly PQ || DC ⇒ OQ || LC
∴ CLOQ is also a ||gm, as its opposite sides on
parallel to each other.
In ||gm CLOQ, CO is the the diagonal
1 ∴ ar(∆COQ) = ar(∆CLO) ...(ii) ½
To show : ar(∆PMN) = ar(∆PON) [∵ The diagonal of a ||gm divides it into two equal
Now, since two congurent figures are equal in triangles]
area, so we will show that Again, AD || LM ⇒ AP || OM
∆PMN @ ∆PON ½ and AB || PQ ⇒ AM || PO
∴ In ∆’s PMN and PON, ∴ APOM is also a ||gm, as its opposite sides one
MN = PO parallel to each other.
[MNOP is a || gm, ∴ opp. sides are equal MN = PO] In ||gm AOPM, AO is the diagonal
PM = ON ∴ ar(∆AOP) = ar(∆AOM) ...(iii) ½
[∵ The diagonal of a ||gm divides it into two equal
and, PN = NP [Common] 1
triangles]
∴ By SSS congurence criterion, we get Now using (i) ar(∆ABC) = ar(∆ADC)
∆PMN @ ∆PON ⇒ ar(∆COQ) + ar(∆AOM) + ar(BMOQ) =
Hence ar(∆PMN) = ar(∆PON) ½ ar(∆CLO) + ar(AOP) + ar(DLOP)
using (ii) and (iii), we get Similarly, DLOP is also ||gm as
ar(BMOQ) = ar(DLOP) ½ AD || LM ⇒ DP || LO
Now, BMOQ is a ||gm as and PQ || DC ⇒ PO || DL 1
PQ || AB ⇒ OQ || BM gm gm
∴ ar(|| BMOQ) = ar(|| DLOP)
and BC || AD ⇒ OM || BQ ½
Hence Proved.
WORKSHEET-82
1. Parallelogram ABCD and ∆AEB are on the same base 4. Given : ar (AOD) = ar (BOC), ½
(AB) and between same parallels, (PQ || RS) therefore
1
ar(∆AEB) = ( ar ||gh ABCD) ½
2
⇒ ar( || gm ABCD) = 2 ar(AEB) ½
Hence area of parallelogram ABCD is twice area
of ∆AEB.
2. Adding ar (ODC) on both sides
ar (AOD) + ar (ODC) = ar (BOC) + ar (ODC) 1
⇒ ar (ADC) = ar (BDC) ½
1 1
⇒ × DC × AL = × DC × BM 1
2 2

A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two AL = BM ½
triangles of equal area ∴ AB || DC ½
\ ar(∆ABD) = ar(∆BCD) 1½ ∴ ABCD is a trapezium.
Since, given, ar(∆ABD) = 8 cm2 5. Either by congruence,
\ ar(∆BCD) = 8 cm2. ½ ∆ADF ≅ ∆ECF 1
3. Given, to prove, figure or by Mid-point theorem, F is the mid-point of
CD.
⇒ DF = FC 1
1

Proof :
Diagonal of a parallelogram divide it
into two congruent triangles. ½
So, ∆ABC @ ∆ACD ...(i)
Diagonal AC and BD bisect each other at O
Now in ∆ABC bases are equal and triangles
have same vertex In ∆DBC, BF is a median.
So, ar (∆ABO) = ar (BCO) ...(ii) 1
⇒ ar (∆BDF) = ar (∆BDC) 1
Similarly 2
ar (ADO) = ar (CDO) ...(iii) 1 ar (∆BDC) = ar (∆BDA)
ar (ADO) = ar (ABO) ...(iv) 1
= ar (||gm ABCD)
ar (BCO) = ar (CDO) ...(v) 2
From there (BD is a diagonal which divides a parallelogram
ar (ABO) = ar (BCO) into two congruent triangles) 1
= ar (CDO) 1 1
⇒ ar (∆BDF) = ( ar (ABCD))
= ar (DAO) 2 2
Hence Proved. ½ 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = ar (||gm ABCD) 1
4
WORKSHEET-83
1. 4. Construction : Draw PM ⊥ QS and RN ⊥ QS
S R
M
A
1
N
P Q
∆APB and parallelogram ABCD are on same base
AB and between same parallel lines AB and DC. ar(∆PSA) × ar(∆QAR)
1 1  1 
ar (APB) = ar (ABCD) ...(i) 1 =  × AS × PM ×  × AQ × RN 
2 2 2
1
Similarly, ar (BQC) = ar (ABCD) ...(ii) ½ 1  1 
2 =  × RN × AS ×  × PM × AQ
2 2
On comparing eqns. (i) and eqns. (ii)
= ar(∆SAR) × ar(∆PAQ) 2
ar (∆APB) = ar (∆BQC). ½
Hence proved.
2.
5.

Area of parallelogram = AD × CF = CD × AE
= AD × 10
⇒ AD × 10 = 16 × 8, (∴ CD = AB) ½
16 × 8 Given : ∆ABQ and parallelogram ABCD are
⇒ AD = 1
10 on the same base AB and between the same
parallels DC and AB.
⇒ AD = 12.8 cm. 1
To prove :
3. In the figure,
1
Area (∆ABQ) = Area (Parallelogram ABCD) ½
2
Construction : Extend DC to R so that BR || AQ
Proof : DCBA and QRBA are on the same base

and between same parallels
ar (DCBA) = ar (QRBA) ...(i)
A diagonal divides a parallelogram into two

∠CDB = ∠ABD = 90° 1 congruent triangles with equal area 1
But they are alternate angles. 1
∴ AB || DC ⇒ ar (QAB) = ar (QCBA) ...(ii) ½
2
Also DC = AB = 3 cm.
A quadrilateral with a pair of equal and parallel From (i) and (ii)
sides is a parallelogram.
1
∴ Area = b × h ar (QAB) = ar (DCBA) ½
2
= (3 × 4) cm2
= 12 cm2. 1
TOPIC-2
Area of Triangles
WORKSHEET-84
1. As 5 + 5 is not greater than the third side of a 5. Given : BQ || CR
triangle, hence construction of triangle is not ∵∆BCQ and ∆BQR are on the same base BQ and
possible. between the same parallels BQ and CR.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1 ∴ ar (∆BCQ) = ar (∆BQR) ...(i) 1
Also, AP || BQ. (Given)
2. ∆PSR and ∆PSQ are on the same base PS and
between the same parallels PS and QR.
ar (∆PSR) = ar (∆PSQ) 1
ar (∆PSR) – ar (∆PSO) = ar (∆PSQ) – ar (∆PSO) ½
ar (∆ROS) = ar (∆POQ). ½
3. Since CD is bisected at O. ½
⇒ CO = OD
In ∆ADC, AO is the median. Agian, ∆ABQ and ∆PBQ are on the same base BQ
and between the same parallels BQ and AP.
∴ ar (∆AOC) = ar (AOD) ...(1) ½
∴ ar (∆ABQ) = ar (∆PBQ) ...(ii) 1
In ∆CDB, BO is the median. Adding (1) and (2), we get
ar (BOC) = ar (BOD) ...(2) ½ ar (∆BCQ) + ar (∆ABQ) = ar (∆BQR) + ar (∆PBQ)
Adding (1) and (2), we get ar (∆AQC) = ar (∆PBR). 1
ar (AOC) + ar (BOC) = ar (AOD) + ar (BOD) 6. In figure, AD is the median of ∆ABC.
A
∴ ar (ABC) = ar (ABD). ½
4. A median divides a triangle into two triangles of
equal areas.
1 E
ar (∆BOE) = ar (∆ABE),
2
[BO is a median] 1 B C
D
1 1 1
= × ar (∆ABD), ∴ ar (∆ABD) = ar (∆ABC) ...(i) 1½
2 2 2

[AE is a median] 1 Now, BE is the median of ∆ABD
1 1 1 1
= × × ar (∆ABC), ∴ ar (∆BED) = ar (∆ABD) ...(ii) 1½
2 2 2 2
[AD is a median] ½ from (i) and (ii), we get
1 1
= ar (∆ABC). ½ ar (∆BED) = ar (∆ABC) 1
8 2
WORKSHEET-85
1. The required ratio is 1 : 4. 1 ar (∆ABD) – ar (∆ABO) = ar (∆ABC) – ar (∆ABO) ½
2. Here AB || DC. ∴ ar (∆AOD) = ar (∆BOC)
Hence Proved. ½
3.

ar (∆ABD) = ar (∆ABC) 1 AD is a median and AE ⊥ BC ½
1 ar (∆PQA) = ar (∆PAB) = ar (∆PBR) ...(v)
Area of ∆ABD = × BD × AE ½ Now, ar (∆PQB) = ar (∆PQA) + ar (∆PAB)
2
∴ ar (∆PQB) = ar (∆PBR) + ar (∆PBR) 1
1
Area of ∆ADC = × DC × AE [from (iv)]
2
∴ ar (∆PQB) = 2ar (∆PBR)
But BD = DC, Hence Proved.
(∵ AD is a median) ½ OR
∴ ar (∆ABD) = ar (∆ADC) ½ From (iii) and (iv), we get
4. Given : PQR is a triangle and A and B are points 1 2
on QR such that QA = AB = BR ar (∆PQB) = × QR × h 1
2 3
To prove that : ar (∆PQB) = 2ar (∆PBR)
Let h be the height of triangle PQR. 1 1 
= 2  × QR × h 1
1 2 3 
Now, ar (∆PQA) = × QA × h
2 = 2ar (∆PBR) 1
1 1 Hence Proved.
= × QR × h ...(i) 5. CFXB is a parallelogram,
2 2
⇒ XF = BC
1
ar (∆PAB) = × AB × h Similarly, EY = BC 1
2
⇒ EX = YF
1 1 ∆XBE ≅ ∆CFY ½
= × QR × h ...(ii)
2 2 ∴ ar (∆AXB) = ar (∆AYF). 1
1 ∴ ar (∆AEB) = ar (∆ACF). ½
ar (∆PBR) = × BR × h 1
2
1 1
= × QR × h ...(iii)
2 2
1
ar (∆PQB) = × QB × h
2
1 2
= × QR × h ...(iv) 1
2 3
1
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we conclude
WORKSHEET-86
1. Given ar (BCP) = 15 cm2 ½ 4.
∴ ar (ABCD) = 2 × ar (BCP)
= 2 × 15 = 30 cm2. ½
2. Given : BE = 14 cm, AD = 8 cm
1
∴ Area (∆ADB) = × 8 × 14
2
= 56 cm2 1

∵ ABCD is a parallelogram.
∴ ar (∆DBC) = ar (∆ADB) = 56 cm2. 1 In ∆ABC, AD is a median.
3. Median QT and RT divide ∆PQS and ∆PRS in two ar (∆ABD) = ar (∆ACD) ...(i) ½
triangles of equal areas. In ∆BEC, ED is a median.
1
ar (QTS) = ar (PQS) ar (∆BDE) = ar (∆CDE) ...(ii) ½
2
Subtracting the equation (ii) from equation (i), we
1
ar (RTS) = ar (RPS) 1 get
2
ar (∆ABD) – ar (∆BDE) = ar (∆ACD) – ar (∆CDE) ½
1
ar (QTS + RTS) = [ar (PQS) + ar (PRS)] ∴ ar (∆ABE) =ar (∆ACE). ½
2
1 5. In ∆GHK, F and E are the mid-points of HG and
ar (QTR) = ar (PQR) 1 GK respectively.
∴ 2
∴ By mid-point theorem, ∴ ar (DEF) = ar (GEF) ...(iv)
1 Also, DFEK is a||gm,
FE = KH and FE || KH ...(i)
2 ∴ ar (DEF) = ar (DEK) ...(v) 1
In quadrilateral EFHK, Using (iii), (iv) & (v) we get,
ar (GEF) = ar (FHD)
EF || HK (by (i))
= ar (DEK) = ar (DEF)
∴ EFHK is a trapezium. 1
Also, 1
= ar (GHK) ...(vi)
ar (EFHK) = ar(FHD) + ar(DEF) + ar(DEK) 4
...(ii) Using (vi) and (ii), we get
We have, FE || HD and FE = HD 3
ar (EFHK) = ar (GHK)
∴ FEDH is a ||gm, 4
So, ar (FHD) = ar (DEF) ...(iii)
Hence Proved. 1
Similarly, DFGE is a ||gm,
¨¨¨
SECTION
CHAPTER
10
B CIRCLES
TOPIC-1
Basic Properties
WORKSHEET-87
A
1. Given, PA = PB
∴ ∠OPA = 90° 1
20
2. In ∆ADB, 4. 1
O
By angle sum property 20 20
∠ABD + ∠ADB + ∠BAD = 180° ½

B D C
∴ 50° + ∠ADB + 60° = 180°
∴ ∠ADB = 180° – (50° + 60°) Here A, B, C are the three points where three girls
are sitting.
= 70° 1
DABC is an equilateral triangle.
∴ ∠ACB = ∠ADB = 70° In an equilateral triangle, the circum-centre is the
(∵ angles in the same segment of a circle are point of intersection of medians. ½
equal) ½ ∴ O divides AD in the ratio 2 : 1 ½
3. Construction : Join OP. Hence, if AO = 20 m ½
then, OD = 10 m
Proof : In ∆OMP and ∆ONP,
Also median is same as the altitude for an

∠OMP = ∠ONP = 90° (given) equilateral triangle. ½

OP = OP (common) 1 In ∆ODC,

MP = NP (given) OC2 = OD2 + DC2
⇒ 202 = 102 + DC2

∴ ∆OMP @ ∆ONP (RHS)
⇒ DC2 = 400 – 100 = 300

∴ OM = ON (c.p.c.t.) 1
⇒ DC = 10 3 m

∴ AB = CD ⇒ BC = 2DC
(chords equidistant from the centre are equal) 1
= 20 3 m 1
WORKSHEET-88
1. ∠ACB = ∠ADB ⇒ 60° + 70° + ∠DBA = 180°
[Angles in the same segment] ½ ⇒ ∠DBA = 50°. ½
∴ ∠ADB = 40° 3. Given : OD ⊥ BC
Now, in ∆ADB,
Proof : In ∆OBD and ∆OCD
∠ADB + ∠DBA + ∠BAD = 180°
OB = OC (radii) 1
⇒ 40° + ∠DBA + 60° = 180° ⇒ ∠DBA = 80° ½
OD = OD (Common)
2. ∠ACB = 70°
∠ADB = ∠ACB ∠ODB = ∠ODC (90°)
⇒ ∠ADB = 70° ∆OBD ≅ ∠OCD (RHS rule)
(Angles in the same segment of a circle) ½ ∠BOD = ∠COD (c.p.c.t.) 1
In ∆DAB, But ∠BOC = 2∠BOD
∠DAB + ∠ADB + ∠DBA = 180° 1 = 2∠BAC
(Angle sum property of triangles) ⇒ ∠BOD = ∠BAC 1
OO′ = OO′ (common)
4. A ∴ ∆OAO′ ≅ ∆OBO′ (S.S.S.)
∴ ∠AOO′ ≅ ∠BOO′ (c.p.c.t.)
M i.e., ∠AOM = ∠BOM 1
O O' In ∆AOM and ∆BOM,
OA = OB (radius r)
∠AOM = ∠BOM (proved above)
B
OM = OM (common)
Let C(O, r) and C(O′, s) be two circles intersecting ∴ ∆AOM @ ∆BOM (S.A.S.)
at point A and B. ∴ AM = BM (c.p.c.t)
To prove : OO′ is the perpendicular bisector of AB. and ∠AMO = ∠BMO (c.p.c.t.) 1
Proof : Let OO′ and AB intersect at M. 1 But ∠AMO + ∠BMO = 180°
In ∆OAO′ and ∆OBO′, we have ∠AMO + ∠AMO = 180°
OA = OB (radius r) 2∠AMO = 180°
O′A = O′B (radius r′) ∠AMO = 90°
∴ OO′ is the perpendicular bisector of AB. 1
WORKSHEET-89
1. ∠BDA = ∠BCA = 40°
AE = BE
[Angles in the same segment] ½
∠A = ∠B
Now, since AD || BC, (angle opposite to equal sides of a ∆ are equal)
∠DBC = ∠BDA ∠EDC = ∠B;
[Alternate interior angles]

∠ECD = ∠A
∴ ∠DBC = 40° ½
2. In ∆ABC, (exterior angle of cyclic quad.) 1½
∠A + ∠B + ∠ACB = 180°
∴ ∠EDC = ∠A
⇒ ∠A = 180° – (69° + 31°) 1 (Corresponding Angles)
= 80° ∴ AB || DC Proved. 1½
∴ ∠BDC = ∠A = 80°
(Angles in the same segment of a circle) 1
3. In ∆EDC, ∠ EDC + ∠ECD = ∠BEC (exterior angle 5. Proof : ∠AEB = 90°
of a ∆ is equal to sum of two opposite angles) = ∠AED (semi-circle) 1
⇒ ∠EDC + 20° = 130° 1
∠EAC + ∠ACD + ∠CDE + ∠AED = 360°
⇒ ∠EDC = 110° or ∠BDC =110°
(sum of angles of a quad.)
∠BAC = ∠BDC = 110°.
(Angle in the same segment) 1 ⇒ ∠EAC + 90° + 90° + 90° = 360° 1
4. E ⇒ ∠EAC = 360° – 270° 1
= 90°
D C each angle = 90°
∴ EACD is a rectangle
∴ AC = ED. Hence Proved. 1
A B

WORKSHEET-90
1. Draw OP perpendicular to xy from the centre to a Subtracting eqn. (i) from eqn. (ii), we get ½
chord bisecting it. AP – BP = PD – PC
OP ⊥ to chord BC. or AB = CD ½
⇒ BP = PC ...(i) 1 2. ∠AOB = 80° ½
Similarly, AP = PD ...(ii) ⇒ ∠ADB = 40°
(∵ ∠AOB = 2 ∠ADB) 1
∠ACB = ∠ADB But ∠ABP = ∠QBD
= 40° (vertically opposite angles) ...(iii) 1
(angles in the same segment) ½ From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
3. In ∆PCB, ∠ACP = ∠QCD. ½
∠PCB + ∠PBC = ∠APB (exterior angle of a D is 5. ∠AOD + ∠BOD = 180° (linear pair)
equal to the sum of two opposite angles) 1 ∠BOD = 180° – ∠AOD
∠PCB + 15° = 120° ∠BOD = 180° – 75° = 105° 1
∴ ∠PCB = 105° ∠CED = 90°
or, ∠ACB = 105° (angle in semi-circle)
⇒ ∠ADB = ∠ACB = 105° ∠CDE = 90° – ∠OCE
[Angle in same sagment] 1 ⇒ 90° – 40° = 50° 1
4. ∠ACP = ∠ABP ...(i) ∠OBE = ÐOBD
(angles in the same segment of a circle are equal) 1 ∠OBD = 180° – (105° + 50°) 1
Similarly, (In DDBO, Angle sum property of D)
∠QCD = ∠QBD ...(ii) ½ ∠OBE = ∠OBD = 25°. 1
WORKSHEET-91
1 OD = OD (common)
1. ∠ACB = × ∠AOB
2 ÐODA = ÐODB
1 (each is a rt. angle) ½
= × 90° \ DODA @ DODB (RHS)
2 \ AD = DB (c.p.c.t.)
= 45° ½ Proved. ½
In ∆ACB, ∠CAB = 180° – (30° + 45°) 4. In ∆OMB, OM = 4 cm, MB = 3 cm 1
= 105° ½ OB2 = OM2 + MB2
∠OAB = ∠OBA = 16 + 9 = 25
= 45°
(Angles opp. to equal sides of triangle are equal as
OA = OB radius of same circle) O
∠CAO = 105° – ∠OAB
= 105° – 45° = 60°. 1 C D
N
2. Given AB and CD are the chords of a circle with A M B
centre at O such that AB = CD
B
⇒ OB = 25
C = 5 cm 1
2 2 2
In ∆OND, ON = OD – DN
DN = 4 cm,
A O
OD = OB = 5 cm (Radii)
ON2 = 52 – 42
= 25 – 16 = 9
D
⇒ ON = 3 cm.
∴ The other chord is at a distance of 3 cm from
To Prove : ∠AOB = ∠COD the centre. 1
Proof : In ∆AOB and ∆COD
AO = CO (radii of same circle) 5. ∠ACD = 90°, ∠AED = 90°
AB = CD (given) (angle in semi-circle)
BO = DO (radii of same circle) ∠ADE = 180° – (60° + 90°)
∆AOB @ ∆COD (S.S.S.) = 30° (angle sum property) 1
∴ ∠AOB = ∠COD (c.p.c.t.) 2 ∠ABC = 180° – ∠CDA
Hence Proved. = 180° – 70° = 110°
3. AB is the chord of a circle with centre O and OD ^ (ADCB is a cyclic quadrilateral) 1
AB. We have to prove that ∠BCA = 180 – (110° + 30°) = 40° 1
AD = DB 1 (Angle sum property)
Proof : ∠BCD = ∠BCA + ∠ACD
In Ds ODA and ODB, Therefore
OA = OB (radii) ∠BCD = 40° + 90° = 130°. 1
WORKSHEET-92
1. Given, AB = 10 cm ⇒ AB = 2BM
ON = 12 cm = 2 × 8
⇒ AB = 16 cm. ½
3. OL ⊥ AB and OM ⊥ CD are drawn and OP is
joined ½
O In ∆OPL and ∆OPM
OP = OP (Common)
∠OLP = ∠OMP (each 90°)
A
N
B OL = OM
(Equal chords are equidistant from the centre)
∆OPL ≅ ∆OPM (R.H.S.)
Also, ON ⊥ AB ⇒ PM = PL (c.p.c.t)
and AN = BN
AL = CM
(\ Perpendicular drawn from the centre of the
 1 1 
circle bisects the chord) 1 ∵ AB = CD  ½
2 2
In ∆ONB,
OB2 = ON2 + NB2 ⇒ AL – PL = CM – PM
(By pythagoras theorem) ⇒ AP = CP ½
∴ OB2 = 122 + 52 (∵ BN = 5 cm) Also, AB – AP = CD – CP ½
= 144 + 25 = 169 ⇒ BP = DP
∴ OB = 13 cm 1 4. Construction : Join RO and OM.
Proof : SR = SM (given) ½
Hence, the radius of the circle is 13 cm.
∠ROS = ∠SOM
2. Perpendicular from the centre bisects the chord.
(equal chords subtend equal angles at the centre)
½
C 1
N S
12 D
8
O R P M
6
A
M x B O
1
⇒ DN = CD = 6 cm
2
and BM = x, ½ In DROP and DMOP, OR = OM (radius)
OD = OB
∠ROS = ∠SOM
(Radius of the same circle)
OD2 = OB2 (proved above)
⇒ ON2 + ND2 = OM2 + MB2 ½ OP = OP (common)
⇒ 82 + 62 = 62 + x2 DROP ≅ DMOP (S.A.S.) 2
⇒ x = 8 cm RP = PM (c.p.c.t.) ½
⇒ BM = 8
TOPIC-2
Cyclic Quadrilaterals
MATHEMATICS WORKSHEET-93
1. ÐADB = ÐACB = 40° Þ 120° + ÐDBP + 40° = 180°
[∵ Angles in the same segment are equal] ½ Þ ÐDBP = 180 – (120° + 40°)
Now, in DDPB Þ ÐDBP = 20°
ÐDPB + ÐDBP + ÐPDB = 180°
\ ÐCBD = ÐPBD = 20°. ½
[Angle sum property]
2. In a cyclic quadrilateral, (angle subtended by an arc at the centre is twice
ÐA + ÐC = 180° at the circumference)
(opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral are 360° – a = 2b
supplementary) 360° – 120° = 2b
⇒ 2x + 4° + 4x – 64° = 180° 2b = 240°
⇒ 6x – 60° = 180° b = 120° 1
⇒ 6x = 180° + 60° = 240° 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]

⇒ x = 240° 4. As D, E, C, B are concylic quadrilateral and ∠EDB
6 + ∠ECB = 180° and ∠DBC + ∠DEC = 180° 1
∴ x = 40°. 1 As ∠EDB + ∠ADE = 180° and ∠AED + ∠DEC =
180° (linear pairs)
3. OB = OA (radius)
Hence, we can say that, ∠ADE = ∠ACB and
OA = OB = AB (given)
∠AED = ∠ABC. 1
\ DOAB is an equilateral triangle
As triangle is isosceles, so we can say ∠ADE =
\ ÐAOB = 60° 1
∠ACB = ∠AED = ∠ABC 1
(angles of equilateral D are 60° each)
So, DE is parallel to BC and AD = AE & DB = EC
and DECB is an isosceles trapezium. So, DC and
\ a + ÐAOB = 180° (linear pair)
EB will be equal and if they intersect at O, AO will
\ a + 60° = 180°
be the median of the triangle ABC and triangle
\ a = 120°
ADE as well. 1
Reflex angle BOD = 2ÐBCD 1
WORKSHEET-94
1. Reflex angle POR = 360° – 110° 3. A
= 360° – 110°
= 250° ½
\ By degree measure theorem, D E
1
4 1
1
ÐPQR = (reflex angle POR)
2
2 3
1 B C
= (250°) Given ED || BC
2
AB = AC
= 125°. ½ Þ Ð2 = Ð3 ...(i)
B (Opp. Ðs to opp. side are always equal)
2. A
45° 55°
In an isosceles D
Ð1 + Ð2 = 180° [Interior Ðs]

\ Ð3 + Ð4 = 180°
C
D \ Ð1 + Ð3 = 180°
Ð2 + Ð4 = 180° 1
∠BAC = ∠BDC but these are opp angles of a quad.
= 45°, \ BCDE is a cyclic quad. 1
(angles in the same segment) ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme 2012]
4. (i) ∠QRP = 90°
In DDBC,
(angle in the semi-circle)

∠DBC + ∠BCD + ∠CDB = 180°, (ii) ∴ ∠QPR = 25°
[Angle sum property] ½ (angle sum property)
∠QPS = ∠QPR + ∠RPS = 50°
⇒ 55° + ∠BCD + 45° = 180°
∠QRS = 180° – 50° = 130°
⇒ ∠BCD = 80° 1 (PQRS is a cyclic quad.) 1
∠PRS = 130° – ∠QRP 1 (iv) ∠PTQ = 90° 1
= 130° – 90° = 40° ∴ ∠PQT = 90° – 60° = 30° 1
(iii) ∠PSR = 180° – 65° = 115°
WORKSHEET-95
1. Since, quadrilateral PQRS is cyclic \ ÐPTQ = ÐQPR = 26°
\ ÐP + ÐR = 180° ½ ÐPTS = 78° 1
Þ 80° + ÐR = 180°
ÐROS = 2ÐRTS
Þ ÐR = 100° ½
= 2 × 26° = 52° 1
4. In the given figure
ÐPOT + reflex ÐPOT = 360°
2.
150° + reflex ÐPOT = 360°
reflex ÐPOT = 210° 1
reflex ÐPOT = 2ÐPST
Since sum of the opposite pairs of angles in a
210° = 2ÐPST
cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.
Hence ∠B + ∠D = 180° \ ÐPST = 105° 1
⇒ ∠B = 180° – 70° ÐPQT + ÐPST = 180°
= 110° 1
(oppostie angles of cyclic quadrilateral are
Again, AB  CD and AD is its transversal, so supplimentary)
∠A + ∠D = 180° ÐPQT = 180° – 105°
(Consecutive interior angles) = 75°
∠A + 70° = 180°
ÐRQT + ÐPQT = 180° (linear pair)
⇒ ∠A = 180° – 70°
= 110° ½ ÐRQT = 180° – 75°
and ∠A + ∠C = 180° = 105°
⇒ 110° + ∠C = 180° ÐRTQ = ÐSPQ
∴ ∠C = 180° – 110 (Exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is
= 70°. ½ equal to interior opposite angle)
3. PQ = QR = RS, ÐPQR = 128° = 45° 1
(180° − 128°) 1
Ð1 = Ð2 = ÐPUT = ÐPOT
2 2

52° (angle subtended by an arc at the centre is twice
= = 26° 1
2 the angle at the remaining circle)
T 1
= × 150°
P 2
4 3
1 1
= × 150°
O 2
S = 75° 1
128°
Q [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
2
R
¨¨¨
SECTION
CHAPTER
11
B CONSTRUCTIONS
TOPIC-1
Constructions of Bisectors of line segments and
Angles
WORKSHEET-96
1. Two 1 Q
2. Since bisector of an angle divides it in two equal
parts, so, when it is bisected twice, measure of
each angle is 15°. 1 S
3. Steps of Construction :
P 1
(i) Draw any line OP.
R
(ii) With O as centre and any suitable radius,
draw an arc to meet OP at R. 15°
L
(iii) With R as centre and same radius (as in step O M
2), draw an arc to meet the previous arc at S. OR
(iv) Join OS and Produce it to Q, then ÐPOQ = 60°. (i) Draw ÐDEF = 60°
(v) With R as centre and any suitable radius (not (ii) Bisect it, let the bisected angle be ÐGEF.
1
(iii) Again bisect ÐGEF.
necessarily) equal to radius of step 1 (but > (iv) Now, ÐKEF = 15° 1
2
RS), draw an arc. Also, with S as centre and D G
radius draw another arc to meet the previous K
arc at Y. 1
(vi) Join OY and produced it, the OY is the
required bisector of ÐPOQ (i.e., ÐPOY = 30°) 1
E F
Q
5. Steps of Construction :
(i) Draw a line segment PQ of any size (let be 7 cm)
(ii) Draw another line segment RS intersecting
PQ at point K. (length of RS = 8 cm)
S (iii) Measure pair of vertically opposite angles
Y (both are equal)
(iv) Bisect both the angles (OX is bisector of
angle QOS and OY is bisector of angle POR)
(v) Yes, from the constuction it is clear that the
60° bisecting rays froming a straight line. 1½
R
30°
O 1 Y
R P
4. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line OL using a ruler.
P
(ii) Keeping O as center, with any radius draw an
arc cutting the ray at point M using compass. O
(iii) Taking M as centre, draw arc to meet at
previous arc at P.
(iv) With P and M as centres and equal radius Q
draw arcs intersecting at R. Join OR and
extend to Q.
(v) ∠LOQ = 30°. 1
X
(vi) With R and M as centre, draw arcs with same
radius or more than half of RM, meeting at
point S. S 1½
(vii) Join OS, which makes an angle, ∠LOS = 15°. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
WORKSHEET-97
1. AO = BO (ii) Bisect it. Let the bisected angle be ∠DEK.
1 (iii) Again bisect ∠DEK.
= AB
2 3
(iv) Now ∠GEF = ∠DEF. 1
= 8 ...(i) 4
[PR is bisector of AB, given]
D G
ÐPOA = ÐPOB
K
[Each 90°, given] ...(ii)
In DPOA and DPOB 1
AO = BO [From eqn. (i)]
°
72
ÐPOA = ÐPOB [From eqn. (ii)]
E F
PO = PO [Common]
DPOA @ DPOB [by SAS] (i) We draw a line of length SR = 10 cm.
PA = PB True. [by c.p.c.t] 1 (ii) Then divied it into half as take arc of more
2. We know that each angle of equilateral triangle is than half length of the line and place point at S
60°, So have to draw an angle 60° and bisect it. and make two arcs on both sides of the line.
Construction : Now, repeat the same for point R. 1

Follow step (i) – step (vi), mentioned in (iii) This gives, AE = EB.
worksheet-96 question (i.e. Q. 3) 2 (iv) Now, divide SE and ER into two equal parts
3. Steps of construction : to get four equal parts of our line, SR = 10 cm.
(v) By repeating step (2) for point SE and ER, we
(i) Construct a triangle ABC.
get, FG and HI.
(ii) Mark an exterior angle outside the triangle ∴ Length of four sections,
ABC, and name the point as E.
SJ = JE = EK = KR = 2.5 cm 2
A
F A H
E J E K
B C S 10 cm R
(iii) Now, ACE is the exterior angle.
(iv) Draw a bisecter of ÐACE. 1
(i) Draw ∠DEF = 72°, using protractor.
G B I
TOPIC-2
Construction of a Triangle, given its base, Sum or
difference of other two sides and one base angle
WORKSHEET-98
1. Steps of construction : (iii) Now with D as the centre and radius = 4.5 cm,
(i) Draw line segment BC = 6 cm. (iv) With B as the centre and redius = 3 cm, draw
(ii) Draw the perpendicular bisector of BC which an are cutting BE produced A.
intersect BC at D. (v) Join A to C. ABC is the required D. 1
E (iii) From BY cut off line segment BD = 8 cm.
A
(iv) Join CD.
(v) Draw the ⊥ bisector of CD, intersecting BD at
A.
(vi) Join AC, ABC is the required triangle. 1
m
3c
4.5 cm
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 4 cm.
(ii) Bisect BC at D.
B 6 cm D C (iii) From B and D, draw arcs at distances 5 cm
each on the same side of BC, cutting each other
at A.
(iv) Join AB and AC. 1
Then, DABC is the required triangle.
2
2. Let each of the base angles = x°.
∴ the vertical angle = 2x°.
∴ x° + x° + 2x° = 180° 2
⇒ 4x° = 180°
⇒ x° = 45° 1
Each of the base angle is 45° and the vertical angle
is 90°.
Steps of construction : 5. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw BC = 7.5 cm. (i) Draw a line segment BC = 4.7 cm. and at
point B construct an angle of 45° i.e., ∠XBC
(ii) At B, construct ∠CBA = 45° and at C,
= 45°.
construct ∠BCA = 45° so that BA and CA
intersect at A. DABC is the required triangle. 1 (ii) Cut the line segment BD = 2 cm (equal to
AB – AC) on ray BX.
(iii) Join DC and draw the perpendicular
bisector PQ of DC.
(iv) The perpendicular bisector intersects BX
1 at point A. Jon AC. DABC is the required
triangle. 1

(i) Draw a ray BX and cut off line segment BC = 4 cm.
(ii) Construct ∠XBY = 90°.
Y
D
8 cm
A
3
90° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
B 4 cm C X 2
WORKSHEET-99
1. Let angles be x, 3x, and 5x
⇒ 9x = 180°
\ x + 3x + 5x = 180°
⇒ x = 20°
(angle sum property) \
first angle = 20°
second angle = 60° (ii) Construct YBC = 45°
third angle = 100° 1 (iii) Cut off a line segment BD = 2.5 cm from BY.
Steps of construction : 1
(iv) Join CD.
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm. (v) Draw the perpendicular bisector RS of CD
(ii) At point A draw ∠XAB = 20° and at point B, intersecting BY at a point A.
draw ∠YBA = 100° (vi) Join AC, then ABC is the required triangle. 1
(iii) XA and YB intersect at point C. Justification of Construction :
Thus, ABC is the required triangle. 1 RS is the perpendicular bisector of DC.
Y
So, AD = AC
BD = AB – AD = AB – AC. 1
X
C
100°
20°
B
A 1
(i) Draw a line segment AB = 12 cm. Draw a ray
AX making an angle of 90° with AB.
(ii) Cut a line segment AD of 18 cm. (As sum of
other two sides is 18 cm) from ray AX. 4. Steps of construction :
(iii) Join DB and make an angle DBY equal to (i) Draw the base XY = 8 cm.
ADB. (ii) At the point Y, construct an angle 90° (i.e.,)
(iv) Let BY intersects AX at C. Join AC and BC. ∠PYX = 90°.
∆ABC is the required triangle. 1 (iii) Cut a line segment equal to XY – ZY= 4 cm
from the line segment YP.
(iv) Draw ⊥r bisector of line which intersect YP at
Z. Join ZX.
∴ DXYZ is the required triangle. 1
2

3. Given : Base BC = 7.5 cm, the difference of the
other two sides AB – AC or AC – AB = 2.5 cm and
one base angle 45°.
Let AB > AC 2
AB – AC = 2.5 cm
Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a ray BX and cut off a line segment BC
= 7.5 cm from it.
TOPIC-3
Construction of a triangle of given perimeter and
base angle
WORKSHEET-100
1. Let a be the length of each side. Since perimeter, Steps of construction :
3a = 12 cm so each side of triangle is a = 4 cm. (i) Draw AB = 4 cm.
(ii) At A and B, draw angles of 60°. (v) Join DE and DF. 1
(iii) Mark the point of intersection of two Thus, ∆DEF is the required triangle.
angles as C. 3. Steps of construction :
(iv) Join AC and BC. (i) Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm.
Thus, DABC is the required triangle. 1 (ii) Draw ray BX such that ∠CBX = 30°.
X
M
1
30º 2
B 6 cm C
(iii) From ray BX, cut off BM = 10 cm.
(iv) Join MC.

(v) Draw the perpendicular bisector of MC,
Justification of Construction :
intersecting BM at A.
As ∠CAB = ∠CBA = 60°
So, ∠CAB + ∠CBA + ∠ACB = 180° (vi) Join AC, then ∆ABC is the required triangle. 1
So, ∠ACB = 60° 4. Steps of construction :
Also, AC = BC (as ∠CAB = ∠CBA) (i) Draw a line segment XY = 11 cm (As AB +
AB = AC (as ∠CAB = ∠ACB) BC + CA = 11 cm)
So, AB = BC = AC = 4 cm 1 (ii) Construct an angle PXY of 60° at point X and an
2. Given : Isosceles right triangle with perimeter angle ÐQYX of 45° at point Y.
11 cm. Its two angles will be 45° each. (iii) Bisect ÐPXY and ÐQYX. These bisectors
intersect each other at point A.
Steps of construction :
(iv) Draw perpendicular bisectors ST of XA and UV
(i) Draw a line segment PQ = 11 cm.
M of YA.
L (v) Perpendicular bisector ST intersects XY at B
D and UV intersects XY at C. Join AB, AC. DABC is
the required triangle. 2
Q U
P
45° 45° 45° 45° S
P E F Q 2
A
(ii) At P, construct ∠LPQ = 45° and at Q, ∠PQM

= 45°.
(iii) Draw bisectors of these angles and mark their
point of intersection as D. X B C Y
(iv) Draw perpendicular bisector of PD and T V
QD which intersect PQ at point E and F
respectively.
WORKSHEET-101
3
1. ∠A = × 180°= 45° A
12 S R
4
∠B = × 180° = 60°
12
5 60° 75°
∠C = × 180° = 75° 1 P B C Q
12
Steps of construction : Q
(i) Draw a line PQ = 12.5 cm.

(ii) At P, construct ∠SPQ = 60° and at Q,
construct ∠RQP = 75°. S
(iii) Draw the bisectors of ∠SPQ and ∠RQP, X U

intersecting at A. P C 2
(iv) Draw the perpendicular bisectors of AP and
AQ intersecting PQ at B and C respectively.
(v) Join A to B and A to C. 30°
Y B
ABC is the required triangle. 2 A
Z
2. Given : In right DABC, base BC = 4.5 cm and T
V
perimeter = 11.7 cm
i.e., AB + AC + BC = 11.7 cm or AB + AC = 7.2 (iii) Bisect ∠PAB and ∠QBA. These bisectors
cm DABC = 90° ½ intersect each other at point X.
Required : To construct the DABC with ∠ABC = (iv) Draw perpendicular bisectors ST of AX and
90°, base BC = 4.5 cm and sum of other two sides UV of BX.
as 7.2 cm (v) ⊥ bisector ST intersects AB at Y and UV
Steps of construction : intersects AB at Z. Join XY, XZ. ∆XYZ is the
(i) Draw BC = 4.5 cm. required triangle. 1
(ii) Draw BY such that ∠CBY = 90°. 1
4. (i) With the help of ruler and compass, we can
(iii) From BY cut off BD = 7.2 cm.
construct an angle of 22.5° as 22.5° is the
(iv) Join DC.
bisector angle of 45°. So first we will construct
(v) Draw the perpendicular bisector of DC
intersecting BD at A. ½ 45° using ruler and compass and then draw
(vi) Join AC, then, ∆ABC is the required triangle. its bisector. 1
Y (ii) The construction of DABC, given that BC =
7 cm, ÐB = 45° and AB – AC = 10 cm, is
D
not possible as, construction of a triangle is
possible only if difference of two sides is less
than the third side i.e. AB – AC < BC. 1
7.2 cm 1
(iii) With the help of ruler and compass, we can
135°
construct an angle of 67.5° as 67.5° =
A 2
1
= (90° + 45°). 1
90°
2
B 4.56 cm C X (iv) Construction of DDEF, given that EF = 5.5 cm,

ÐE = 75° and DE – DF = 2 cm, is possible as
construction of a triangle is only possible if
(i) Draw a line segment AB = 11 cm (As XY + YZ difference of two sides is less than the third
+ ZX = 11 cm). side i.e., DE – DF < EF. 1
(ii) Construct an angle ∠PAB of 30° at point A [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
and an angle ∠QBA = 90° at point B.
¨¨¨
SECTION
CHAPTER
12
B AREAS
TOPIC-1
Area of Triangle
WORKSHEET-102
1. Perimeter = 4x + 5x + 6x = 150 ⇒ AC = 2 a ½
15x = 150 ⇒ x = 10
Perimeter of ∆ ABC = AB + BC + CA
Sides are 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm. 1
2. Sides are 3x, 4x, 5x, then = a + a + 2 a
3x + 4x + 5x = 36 ⇒ 12x = 36 ⇒ x = 3 = 2a + 2 a
∴ Sides a, b, c are 9 cm, 12 cm, 15 cm. 1
3. Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = a (2 + 2 ) 1½
= 3a = 60 m 7. Join OA, OB and OC.
a = 20 m A
3 2 3
Area = a = × 20 × 20
4 4
2 P 14 R
= 100 3 m . 1 cm O
A m
4. 6c
10 cm
52
x
B Q C ½

Let, sides of equilateral triangle is ‘a’ cm.
1
B x C ar ∆OAB = × AB × OP
2
( )
2
x2 + x2 = 5 2 1
= × a × 14 = 7a cm2 ...(i) ½
2
2x = 25 × 2 2
x = 5 cm. 1 1
ar ∆OAC = × AC × OR
5. Perimeter of an equilateral triangle 2
= 3a = 60
1
⇒ a = 20 cm ½ = × a × 6 = 3a cm2 ...(ii) ½
2
3 2 3
Area = a = × 20 × 20 ½ 1
4 4 ar ∆OBC = × BC × OQ
2
2
= 100 3 cm . 1 1
= × a × 10 = 5a cm2 ...(iii) ½
6. In right angled ∆ ABC, Adding, (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
A
ar ∆OAB + ar ∆OAC + ar ∆OBC
= 7a + 3a + 5a cm2
= 15a cm2 ½
a ∴ Area of equilateral DABC
= 15a cm2
3 2
⇒ a = 15 a
B a C 4
By Pythagoras theorem,
15 × 4 3
AC2 = AB2+ BC2 ⇒ a = × = 20 3 cm ½
3 3
= a2 + a2 = 2a2 1
3
( ) 3
2 2
∴ Area = × 20 3 = × 400 × 3 = 300 3 cm . 1
4 4

WORKSHEET-103
1. A 1
Area of right triangle = × Base × height
2
1
4 = × 6×8
2
90° 48
= = 24 cm2. 1
B 4 C 2
1 5. A
Area of DABC = ×4×4 = 8 cm2. 1
2
2. A y
x
25
x
B x C
Area of an isosceles right triangle
B 15 C 1
= × base × height
x = 5 2
2 − 15 = 40 × 10 2

½
x = 20 cm. 1
8 = ×x×x
1 2
Area of right triangle = × base × height
2
⇒ x = 4 cm
1
= × 15 × 20 = 150 cm2. ½
2 ∴ y = 4 2 + 4 2 = 32 cm.
3. A
= 4 2 cm. 1
6. Let ‘b’ be the equal sides length and ‘a’ be the base.
10
x A
B 6 C b x b

x = 10 2 − 6 2 = 8 cm ½
a/2 a/2
1
Area of right triangle = × base × height B aD C
2
2
1  a 4b2 − a2
= × 6 × 8 = 24 cm2. ½ x= b2 −   =
2  2 2
4. A
1
Area of triangle = × base × height
2
10 cm
1
= ×a×x
2
B 6 cm C 1 4b 2 − a2
= ×a×
2 2
AB = AC 2 − BC 2 = 10 2 − 6 2
a
100 − 36 = 64 = 8 cm . = 4b 2 − a2 1
= 4
7. Area of parallelogram = base × heigth 3 2
108 = base × 12 ∴ a = 81 3 1
4
108
⇒ base = 1 ⇒ 2
a = 81 × 4
12
a = 9 × 2 = 18 cm
= 9 cm.
Perimeter of equilateral triangle
= 3a = 3 × 18
8. Area of an equilateral triangle = 54 cm. ½
3 2
= a ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
4
TOPIC-2
Heron’s Formula
WORKSHEET-104
D = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) 70 + 80 + 90
1. = = 120 cm
2
where, 2s = a + b + c. 1
Area = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) ½
2.
a+b+c = 120(120 − 70 )(120 − 80 )(120 − 90 )
3. s = . 1
2 120 × 50 × 40 × 30
=
here a, b, c are the sides of a triangle.
= 40 × 3 × 5 × 10 × 3 × 10
12 + 16 + 20 48
s = = = 24 cm ½
2 2 = 40 × 10 × 3 × 2
s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) = 1200 × 2.23
Area = ½
= 2676 cm2 1
= 24( 24 − 12 )( 24 − 16 )( 24 − 20 ) 6. 20
C

D
= 2 × 3 × 4 × 12 × 8 × 4
12
= 2 × 12 × 12 × 2 × 4 × 4 5 16
= 2×4×12
= 96 cm2. 1
4. Here a = 26 cm, b = 28 cm, c = 30 cm A 13 B
a+b+c For ∆ABD,
s =
2 s = 15
26 + 28 + 30 84 Area of ∆ABD = 15 × 2 × 3 × 10
= = 1
2 2 = 30 cm2
= 42 For ∆BCD,
s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) s = 24
Area of D =
Area of ∆BCD = 24 × 4 × 12 × 8
= 42( 42 − 26 )( 42 − 28 )( 42 − 30 ) = 96 cm2

= 42 × 16 × 14 × 12 Area of quadrilateral = 30 + 96 = 126 cm2. 3

7. Perimeter of the triangle = 84 cm
= 336 cm2. 1
Ratio of its sides = 13 : 14 : 15
Sum of the ratio = 13 + 14 + 15 = 42 cm 1
a+b+c 13
5. s = ½ ∴ a = × 84 = 13 × 2 = 26 cm
2 42
14 Using Heron’s formula,
b = × 84 = 14 × 2 = 28 cm
42 Area of ∆ = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )

15 = 2
42( 42 − 26 )( 42 − 28 )( 42 − 30 ) cm
c = × 84 = 15 × 2 = 30 cm
42
1
26 + 28 + 30 2
s =
2 = 42 × 16 × 14 × 12 cm

2
84 = 2 × 3 × 7 × 16 × 2 × 7 × 3 × 4 cm
s = = 42 cm 1 2
2 = 2 × 3 × 7 × 4 × 2 cm 1
= 336 cm2.
WORKSHEET-105
1. Heron’s Formula. 1 6. Let each equal side = x cm
a+b+c 13 + 14 + c third side = x + 10
2. s = ⇒ 18 = ∴ x + x + x + 10 = 100
2 2
⇒ x = 30 1
⇒ c = 36 – 27 = 9 cm. 1 Equal side = 30 cm, third side = 40 cm, s = 50,
3. Let a = 20 cm, b = 30 cm, c = 40 cm Area = 50( 20 )( 20 )(10 ) = 200 5

a + b + c 20 + 30 + 40 1
Then s = =
2 2 = 446 cm . 2
1

= 45 cm ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
Now, using Heron’s formula,
Let the equal sides be x cm, then
s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) third side = (x + 10) cm ½
Area of ∆ =
∴ perimeter = x + x + x + 10
= 45( 45 − 20 )( 45 − 30 )( 45 − 40 ) cm 2 ⇒ 100 = 3x + 10 ½

½ ⇒ 3x = 90
\ x = 30 cm ½
= 45 × 25 × 15 × 5 cm 2 Sides are 30 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm.

100
= 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 3 × 5 × 5 cm 2 Also, s = = 50 cm
2
3 × 5 × 5 × 15 cm 2 Area = 50( 50 − 30 )( 50 − 30 )( 50 − 40 ) ½
=
= 75 × 3.873 cm2 = 50 × 20 × 20 × 10
= 290.48 cm2. 1
= 200 5 = 200 × 2.23 ½
4. a = 8 cm, b = 11 cm, = 446 cm2. ½
Perimeter = 32 cm 1 7. For one identical triangular leaf, let
∴ c = 32 – (8 + 11) a = 28 cm, b = 15 cm and c = 41 cm
= 13 cm, s = 16 a + b + c 28 + 15 + 41
Also, s = =
16(16 − 8 )(16 − 11)(16 − 13) 2 2
∴ Area =
84
30 cm2. = = 42 cm 1
= 8 1
2
5. Here s = 132 cm,
(s – a)(s – b)(s – c) = 13200 41 cm
s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) 1 28 cm
Area of D =
= 132 × 13200 15 cm

Using Heron’s formula,
= 132 × 10
Area of one triangular leaf
= 1320 cm2. 1
= s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
= 42( 42 − 28 )( 42 − 15)( 42 − 41) There are 6 leaves in a circle.
So, total number of leaves in 2 circles = 2 × 6 = 12
= 42 × 14 × 27 × 1 1 ∴ Area of 12 leaves = (12 × 126) cm2 = 1512 cm2
Hence, total area to be painted red
= 3 × 14 × 14 × 3 × 9 = 9 × 14
= 1512 cm2. 1
= 126 cm2 1
WORKSHEET-106
a+b+c 8+7+5 6. Let AC = BC = x
1. s = = = 10 cm. 1
2 2 Perimeter = 20 cm
7 + 24 + 25 Then x + x + 4 = 20
2. s = = 28 cm
2 Þ 2x = 16
Area = 28( 28 − 7 )( 28 − 24 )( 28 − 25) Þ x = 8 cm

Area of D = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) 1
= 28 × 21 × 4 × 3 = 84 cm2. 1
3. Sides are 16 cm, 16 cm, 16 cm = 10(10 − 8 )(10 − 8 )(10 − 4 )

a + b + c 16 + 16 + 16 =
Semi, perimeter = = 10 × 2 × 2 × 6
2 2
= 4 15 cm2. 1
48
= = 24 cm ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
2
7. A
∴ Area of triangle = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )

= 24( 24 − 16 )( 24 − 16 )( 24 − 16 )
50 m 80 m
= 24 × 8 × 8 × 8
= 3×8×8×8×8
3m
2
= 64 3 cm
A B C
120 m
For finding area of the park, we have
16 cm 16 cm 2s = 50 m + 80 m + 120 m
= 250 m
i.e., s = 125 m
B 16 cm C ½ Now s – a = (125-120) m = 5 m,
4. a = 15 cm, b = 15 cm, c = 12 cm s – b = (125-80) m = 45 m,
a + b + c 15 + 15 + 12 s – c = (125-50) m = 75 m
s = = = 21 cm ½
2 2 Therefore, area of the park
Area = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )

2
= 21 × ( 21 − 15)( 21 − 15)( 21 − 12 ) 1 = 125 × 5 × 45 × 75 m

= 2
21 × 6 × 6 × 9
= 375 15 m 2
2 Also perimeter of the park
= 18 21 cm . ½
= AB + BC + CA = 250 m
Therefore, length of the wire needed for fencing
2 2
5. Third side = (125) − (100 ) = 75 2 = 250 m – 3 m (to be left for gate)
s = 150 = 247 m 1
Area of ∆ = 150 × 25 × 50 × 75 = 3750 m2 And so the cost of fencing

= ` 20 × 247 = ` 4940. 1
TOPIC-3
Application of Heron’s Formula in finding Area
of Quadrilaterals
WORKSHEET-107
a+b+c = 32( 32 − 24 )( 32 − 20 )( 32 − 20 )
1. s =
2
= 32 × 8 × 12 × 12
13 + 14 + 15
= = 21 cm ½
2 = 8 × 4 × 8 × 12 × 12
Area = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) = 8 × 2 × 12 = 192 cm2 1

∴ Area of rhombus ABCD
= 21 × ( 21 − 13)( 21 − 14 )( 21 − 15) = 2 × Area of ∆ABC

= 2 × 192 = 384 cm2. ½
= 21 × 8 × 7 × 6 = 21 × 4 = 84 cm 2 ½

4. Rhombus,
2. 50 m
D C
50 m m
80 50 m
A 50 m B
Perimeter = 52 cm 1
Perimeter of rhombus = 4 × sides = 200
⇒ side = 50 m ½ 52
Side = = 13 cm
50 + 50 + 80 4
For ∆ABC, s = = 90 m
2 Diagonal = 24 cm 1
Area of ∆ABC = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) OB = OD = 12 cm

= 90 × ( 90 − 50 )( 90 − 50 )( 90 − 80 ) OA = 2 2
13 − 12 = 169 − 144 = 25 = 5 ½

= 90 × 40 × 40 × 10 ½ 1
Area of rhombus = 4 × × 5 × 12 ½
2
= 1200 m2. ½
Area of rhombus = 2 × Area of ∆ABC Area = 120 cm2
= 2×1200 = 2400 m2. ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
5. Semi-perimeter of ∆ABC,
3. 20 m 34 + 20 + 42
D C s =
2
96
20 m m = = 48 cm
24 20 m 2
Area of ∆ABC = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) ½

A 20 m B = 48 × 14 × 28 × 6

Semi-perimeter of triangle ABC
= 6 × 8 × 7 = 336 cm2 1
a+b+c
s = Area of Parallelogram = 2 × Area of ∆ABC ½
2 = 2 × 336 = 672 cm2 1
20 + 20 + 24 64 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
= =
2 2 Alternative Method :
= 32 cm ½ 34 + 50 + 42
For ∆ABC, s =
Area of ∆ABC = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) 2

96 h1 = 7·3 m, h2 = 12· 2 m
= = 48 cm 1
2
\ Area of quadrilateral ABCD
Area of ∆ABC = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) D 1 
=  × AC × ( h1 + h2 ) 1
2 
= 48 × 14 × 28 × 6 1
= 6 × 8 × 7 = 336 cm2 1 = h2 × 120 × (7·3 + 12·7 ) 1
C
2
Area of parallelogram = 2 × Area of ∆ABC ½
h1 1
= 2 × 336 = 672 cm2. ½ A = × 120 × 20 1
2
6. AC = 120 m B
= 1200 m2 1
WORKSHEET-108
1. A a B Diagonals bisect each other at O
Draw, LOM⊥ AB and CD
a 16 a OL = OM = 3 cm
Area of shaded region
D a C 1
OAB = ×8×3
16 + a + a 2
For DBCD, s = = a+8
2
= 12 cm2. 2
∴ Area of DBCD
( a + 8 )( a + 8 − 16 )( a + 8 − a )( a + 8 − a )
= Alternative Method :
( a + 8 )( a − 8 )( 8 )( 8 ) Diagonals bisect each other at O.
=
Draw, LOM ⊥ AB.
2
= 8 a − 64 ½ OL = OM = 3 cm
∴ Area of rhombus = 2 × Area of DBCD Area of shaded region OAB
⇒ 96 = 2 × 8 a 2 − 64 1 2
= × 8 × 3 = 12 cm . 2
2
⇒ 6 = a 2 − 64
⇒ 36 = a2 – 64 4. Here a = 5m, b = 7m, c = 8 m
⇒ a2 = 64 + 36 = 100
∴ a = 10 cm. ½ a+b+c
s =
2. Area of trapezium ABCD 2
= Area of rectangle AOCD + Area of ∆OBC
5+7+8
In ∆OBC, by Phythagoras theorem = = 10 1
BC2 = OC2 + OB2 2
⇒ 172 = OC2 + 82
s = 10
⇒ OC2 = 289 – 64 = 225
\ OC = 15 cm ½ Area of D = s( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
Area of rectangle AOCD
= 6 × 15 = 90 cm2 ½ 10(10 − 5)(10 − 7 )(10 − 8 )
1 2
= 1
Area of ∆OBC = × 8 × 15 = 60 cm ½
2
= 10 × 5 × 3 × 2

Area of Trapezium ABCD
= 90 + 60 = 150 cm2. ½ = 10 3 m
2
3 D L C Cost of levelling = 10 × 10 3 1
= 100 3
O 6 cm
= 100 × 1·73
= ` 173 1
A M B [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
8 cm
¨¨¨
CHAPTER
SECTION
13
B SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
TOPIC-1
Surface Area and Volume of Cube, Cuboid and
Sphere (including hemisphere)
WORKSHEET-109
1. Capacity of the tank = 120 cm3 1 6. Volume of the shot-put
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 4 22 35 35 35
= × × × × ½
Alternative Method 3 7 10 10 10
Capacity of the tank = length × breadth × height 11 × 49
= cm3 1
½ 3
= 8 cm × 6 cm × 2.5 cm 11 78
= 120 cm3. ½ Mass of the shot-put = × 49 × ½
3 10
2. Volume of cuboid = length × breadth × height
= 1401.10 gm. 1
= 3.6 × 8.2 × 11
= 324.72 cm3. 1 7. Volume of cuboidal tank = 50000 litres
3. Volume of one match box = 5 × 104 litres
= 4 × 2.5 × 1.5 cm3 ½ = 5 × 104 × 103 cm3 1
= 15 cm3 ½ [∵ 1 litre = 1000 cm3]
Given,
Volume of 12 such boxes = 15 × 12 = 180 cm3. 1
Length of cuboidal tank
4. Given, diameter of hemispherical bowl = 10.5 cm
\ Radius of hemispherical bowl = 2.5 m
10.5 = 250 cm ½
r = = 5.25 cm 1 Depth of cuboidal tank = 10 m
2
= 1000 cm ½
Volume of hemispherical bowl
∵ Volume of tank = length × breadth × depth
2
= pr3 ⇒ 5 × 104 × 103 = 250 × breadth × 1000 1
3
5 × 10 4 × 10 3
2 ⇒ breadth =
= × 3.14 × (5.25)3 250 × 1000
3 = 2000 cm
= 302.91 = 20 m. 1
= 303 cm3 1 8. The inner diameter of hemispherical bowl = 8 cm
\ Amount of milk that the hemispherical bowl
Then its inner radius (r) = 4 cm
can hold Thickness of steel = 0.2 cm
= 0.303 liters 1 Hence, outer radius of bowl (R) = 4 + 0.2 = 4.2
5. Given, length of cuboidal tank = 6 m cm 1
Hence, the outer curved surface area of the bowl
width of cuboidal tank = 10 m
= 2pR2
Depth of cuboidal tank = 4.5 m
22
=l×b×h
∴ Volume = 2× × ( 4.2 )2
7
= 6 × 10 × 4.5
44 42 42
= 270 m3 1½ = × ×
7 10 10

∵ 1m3 = 1000 litres = 110.88 cm2 2

∴ Capacity of water tank in litres = 270 × 1000 Hence, the cost of polishing its outer surface area
= 270000 litres 1½ = 2 × 110.88
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] = ` 221.76. 1
WORKSHEET-110
1. 308 cm2. 1 4 22 49 × 49 × 49 × 75
= × × g 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 3 7 10 4
Alternative Method : 22 × 7 × 49 × 49
= g
Given diameter of hemisphere = 14 cm 100
\ radius = 7 cm ½ = 3697.54 g. 1
\ Curved surface area 5. Internal radius = 5 cm
= 2pr2 13
22 External radius = cm ½
= 2 × ×7×7 2
7 4
Volume = π(R3 – r3) ½
= 308 cm2. ½ 3
2. Given, Area of sphere = Volume of Sphere 3
 
4 = 4 × 3.14   13  − 53  ½
4pr = pr3
2
3   2  
3
where r is the radius of sphere 4  2197 − 1000 
= × 3.14  
Þ r = 3 cm [on solving] 3  8
\ Diameter = 2r = 6 cm. 1 1
3. Diagonal of a cube = x2 + x2 + x2 = 6 3 ½ =
1
× 3.14 ×
1197
3 2
⇒ 3 × x 2 = 6 3
∴ Volume of metal = 626.43 cm3. ½
⇒ 3x = 6 3

( ) ½ 6. Original surface area S1= 4πr12
= 4π × 7 × 7 cm2 1
⇒ x = 6
Edge of the cube = 6 cm. 1 New surface area S2 = 4πr22
4. Mass = density × volume ½ = 4π × 14 × 14 cm2 1
4 22 4p ´ 7 ´ 7
Volume of sphere = × × 4.9 × 4.9 × 4.9 ½ S1 : S2 = 1
3 7 4 p ´ 14 ´ 14

∴ Mass of the shot-put 1
=
4
= 1 : 4. 1
WORKSHEET-111
1. Amount of water displaced 2r = 5 × (2r’)
= Volume of solid spherical ball 2r
4 3 =5
\ Volume of solid spherical ball = πr 2r '
3
4.2 r
r = = 2.1 (given) or = 5 ½
2 r'

4 Now, ratio of surface areas
\ Volume of solid spherical ball = π( 2.1)3
3 2
4 πr 2 r 25
4 22 3 3 = =  =
= × × ( 2.1) cm 4 π( r ')2  r '  1
3 7
38808 = 25 : 1 ½
= litre
1000 3. Surface area of sphere = 4pr 2
\ Amount of water displaced = 38808 litre 1
\ 4pr2 = 616
(∵ 1 litre = 1000 cm3)
2. Given, diameter of football
⇒ pr2 = 154 1
= 5 × diameter of cricket ball 22 
154 × 7 
If r denotes radius of a football and r’ that of a
⇒ r2 = ∵ π = 
22 7
cricket ball, then we have

⇒ r2 = 49 2 (l + b)h = 250 h
\
r = 7
⇒ 1500 = 250 h 1

Hence, the radius of sphere is 7 cm. 1 1500

⇒ h =
4. Vol. of cuboid = lbh 250
= 24 × 18 × 4 1
⇒ h = 6 m. 1
= 1728 cu.cm.
Vol. 1.104
Edge of a cube =
3
1728 6. Thickness = =
l × b 2.3 × 0.75
= 12 cm 1
LSA = 4a2 = 0.64 m 2
= 4 × 12 × 12 1.104
No. of planks = = 16 2
= 576 cm2. 1 2.3 × 0.75 × 0.04
Let x be the edge of cube.
According to the question, we have we know that, volume of cuboid
Þ Volume of cube = Volume of cuboid = length × width × thickness
Þ x3 = 24 × 18 × 4 Volume
Þ x3 = 1728 \ Thickness = Length × Width 1

Þ x = 12
1.104
\ Edge of the cube = 12 cm2 2 =
2.3×0.75
\ Lateral surface area of cube
= 4x2 = 0.64 m 1
= 4(12)2 Also, Volume of rectangular Planks
= 576 cm2. 1 = 2.3 m × 0.75 m × 0.04 m
5. Cost of painting the four walls = ` 15000
\ Required number of planks
Cost of painting per square meter = ` 10
15000 Volume of teak wood
= 1

Area of the four walls painted = ` = 1500 m2 Volume of rectangular plank
10
1 1.104
= = 16 1
We know the area of the four walls painted 2.3 × 0.75 × 0.04
WORKSHEET-112
22
4 3 Þ 4× × r 2 = 154
1. Volume = pr 7
3
But 4pr2 = 154 1 154 × 7 49
Þ r2 = =
4 × 22 4
7
r = 7
2 \ r = 1
359 2
\ Volume = or 179.67 cm3 1
3 4 22 7 7 7
Now, volume of sphere = × × × ×
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 3 7 2 2 2
Alternative Methode : 539
4 = cm3
We know that, volume of sphere = pr3 3
3
= 179.67 cm3. 1
But, given that, surface area of sphere = 154 cm2 V

\ 4pr2 = 154 2. n = cuboid 1
Vcube

2×2×1 997.92 × 7
= Þ r2 =
1×1×1 8 × 22
= 10 cubes. 1 Þ r2 = 39.69
3. Given, l = 5 m, b = 4 m, h = 3 m. Þ r = 6.3 1
Area to be painted \ Volume of the dome
= Area of walls + Area of ceiling 1 2
= 2h(l + b) + l × b = πr 3
= 2 × 3(9) + 20 3
= 54 + 20 = 74 m2 2 22
= × × ( 6.3)3
Cost of painting per 1 m2 = ` 7.50. 1 3 7
∴ Cost of painting 74 m2 = 74 × 7.50
= 523.90 m3. 1
= ` 555 1
5. l = 140 cm
4. Cost of white washing hemispherical
dome = ` 997.92 b = 110 cm
Cost of white washing per square meter h = 80 cm 1
= ` 4 Surface area of open box = lb + 2(bh + hl) 1
\ CSA = 997.92 ÷ 4 Cost of painting box
= 249.48 m2 75
2pr2 = 249.48 1 = ` [154 + 2( 88 + 112 )] × 100
100 × 100
22
2× × r 2 = 249.48 3
7 = [ 554] = 3(138.5)
4
Þ r2 = 39.69 = ` 415.5 2
Þ r = 6.3 m [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
\ Volume of air inside it
2 Total Cost
= πr 3 1 6. Areas of four walls =
3 Cost/m 2

2 22 340.20
= × × 6.3 × 6.3 × 6.3 2(l + b)h = = 252 sq.m. 1
3 7 1.35
= 523.90 m3. 1 2(l + b)h = 252 ...(i)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2013] Area of floor = l × b
Alternative Method : 91.80
= = 108 sq.m. 1
Let r be the inner radius of the hemispherical .85
dome. Then,
12 × b = 108 [l = 12 m, Given]
Inside surface area = 2pr2
\ Cost of white washing at the rate of 400 paisa b = 9 m ...(ii)
i.e., ` 4 per sq. meter = 2pr2 × 4 1 Eq. (i) and (ii),
= 8pr2

2(12 + 9)h = 252
It is given that the cost of white washig is ` 997.92
Þ 8pr2 = 997.92 252
h = = 6m 2
22 2 × 21
Þ 8× × r 2 = 997.92
TOPIC-2
Surface area and Volume of Right Circular
Cylinder and Cone
WORKSHEET-113
1. 3 1 2. ∵ Circumference 2πr = 22 m
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] h = 3 m
∴ C.S.A. = 2πr × h 1 = 5(2)
= 22 × 3 = 10 cm. 1
= 66 m2. 1 6. Total Surface area of cone = pr(l + r)
3. Given, Area = πr2 = 606 cm2 Given, r = 12 cm and h = 16 cm

∴ h = 2 m \
l = r 2 + h2
h = 200 cm 1
Volume = πr2h = (12 )2 + (16 )2
= (Area)h
= 606 × 200 = 144 + 256
= 121200 cm3. 1
4. Given, CSA of a cylinder = 88 cm2 = 400 = 20 cm 1
\ T.S.A = 3.14 × 12 (20 + 12)
height = 14 cm
CSA of a cylinder = 2πrh 1 = 3.14 × 12 × 32
22 = 1205.76 cm2. 2
⇒ 88 = 2 × × r × 14 1 2
7 7. Volume of liquid = pr h
3
88 × 7
⇒ r = = 1 cm 1 18
2 × 22 × 14 Given, r = = 9 cm
2
5. Let r and h be the radius and height of the cylinder and h = 15 cm
given r : h = 5 : 7 1
\ The radius of the cylinder (r) = 5x \ Volume of liquid = p(9)2 15
3
and The height of the cylinder (h) = 7x = 405 p cm3 1
Volume of the cylinder = pr2h Also, radius of small bottle
22 3
\ 4400 = × ( 5 x )2 × 7 x 1 (r’) = = 1.5 cm
7 2
 22  and height of small bottle
∵ π =  (h’) = 4 cm
7
22 1

⇒ 4400 = × 5x × 5x × 7x \Volume of small bottle = p(r’)2h’
7 3
1
4400 × 7 = p(1.5)24

⇒ x3 = 3
22 × 5 × 5 × 7
= 3p 1

⇒ x3 = 8 = 23
405π
\
x = 2 1 Number of bottles = = 135 1

Hence, the radius of the cylinder = 5x 3π
\
Amount earned = 135 × 5 = ` 675 1
WORKSHEET-114
1 2
1. Volume of right circular cone = πr h
3
1 22 3. h = 10 cm 10
= × × ( 6 )2 × 7
3 7
1 22 22
= × × 36 × 7 2pr = 22
3 7
22
= 264 cm3. 1 2× × r = 22 1
7
2. Let, radius of base = r
Given, CSA, 2prh = 94.2 1 7
r=
⇒ 2 × 3.14 × r × 5 = 94.2 2
94.2 V = pr2h
⇒ r =
10 × 3.14 22 7 7
= × × × 10
= 3 7 2 2
Now, Volume = pr2h = 385 cm2 1
= 3.14 × 3 × 3 × 5
= 141.3 cm3. 1
Alternative Method 5. Let r be the base radius and h be the height of the
When the rectangular piece of paper is rolled cylinder
Given, h = 12
along its length, then the length of the sheet forms For base radius
the circumference of its base and bredth becomes 2pr = 66
the height of cylinder. 22
2× × r = 66
7
66 × 7
\
r =
22 × 2
21
\
r = cm. 1½
2
Volume of cylinder = pr2h

Let r denotes the radius of the base and h be the 2
22  21 
height. Then, h = 10 cm 1 = ×   × 12
7  2
Now, circumference of base = length of sheet
Þ 2pr = 22 22 21 21
= × × × 12
22 7 2 2
Þ 2× × r = 22
7 = 4158 cm3. 1½

7 6. Height of cylindrical reservoir = 12 m
Þ r =
2
Total cost of plastering it from inside = ` 5652
\ Volume of cylinder = pr2h
Cost of 1 m2 = ` 15
22 7 7
= × × × 10
7 2 2 Total Cost
\ Surface area plastered =

= 385 cm . 3
1 Cost / m 2
4. Height of the cylinder formed
5652
h = 22 cm ½ 2prh =
22 cm 15
22 5652
22 cm

\ 2× × r × 12 =
7 15
5652 × 7
Circumference of the base \
r =
15 × 2 × 22 × 12
2πr = 22 cm
= 4.99 m ≈ 5 m 2
⇒ r = 11 = 11 × 7 2
π 22 \
Volume = pr h
7 22
= cm ½ = × 5 × 5 × 12
2 7
∴ Volume of the cylinder = πr2h
= 942.857 m3
22 7 7
= × × × 22 = 942857 litres 2
7 2 2
= 847 cm3. 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
WORKSHEET-115
1. Let r denotes the radius of both cylinders and l 2. Given, T.S.A. = 1540 cm2
and h be their heights respectively.
πr 2 h h 10 \
2pr(h + r) = 1540 cm2
Ratio of their volumes = = =
πr 2 h ' h' 20

Also, h = 4r
= 1 : 2. 1

⇒ r2h = 4R3
\
2pr (4r + r) = 1540
r 2h

⇒ 2p × 5r2 = 1540
⇒ R3 =
4
1540 × 7

⇒ r2 = ( 2.1)2 ( 8.4 )
2 × 5 × 22
⇒ R3 =
4

⇒ r2 = 49 4.41 × 8.4

⇒ r = 7 cm 1 = = 9.261
4

Now h = 4r
⇒ R3 = 3
9.261

⇒ h = 28 cm. 1
⇒ R = 2.1 cm. 1
5. Here, Slant height l = h 2 + r 2
3. Given, h = 5 2 2
= ( 2.1) + 20
1
2
C.S.A. = (Sum of circular faces) 1
3
= 401.41 cm
2 = 20.11 cm ½
2prh = (2pr2)
3 Therefore, the curved surface area of corn cob
2 = πrl
15 = r 22
3 = × 2.1 × 20.11 cm2 ½
7
45
= r = 132.726 cm2 ½
2
2
= 132.73 cm (approx.) ½
r = 22.5 cm. 1
Number of corn cobs on 1 cm2 of the surface of
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] the corn cob
4. Given, Radius of cone (r) = 2.1 cm = 4
Height of cone (h) = 8.4 cm
Therefore, number of grains on the entire
Let the radius of the sphere be R. curved surface of the corn cob
\ Volume of cone = Volume of sphere
= 132.73 × 4
1 2 4
⇒ πr h = πR 3 1 = 530.92 ≈ 531. (Approx.) 1
3 3
WORKSHEET-116
1. Let radii of cylinders be 2x and 3x and heights be 1 2
Capacity V = πr h ½
5y and 3y respectively. 3
π( 2 x )2 × 5 y 1 22
\
Ratio of volumes = V = × × 3.5 × 3.5 × 12
π( 3x )2 × 3 y 3 7

4x2 × 5 ½
=
9x 2 × 3 = 154 m3 [1 m3 = 1000 l] ½
= 20 : 27. 1 = 154000 l. ½
r
2. 3·5 m
28
3. 28 h
l

12
l = Radius of quadrant of cone

= R
l = 28 cm
Given, r = 3.5 m, h = 12 m Area of quadrant = Area of cone
1 34650
pR2 = prl ∴ Volume in litres =
4 1000
1 = 34.65 Litre. ½
∴ × π × (28)2 = πrl
4 5. Given, base radius of cylinder r = 3.5 cm
28 × 28 Height of cylinder h = 10.5 cm
⇒ = r × 28
4 Amount of card board required to make 1 pen
stand = Total surface area of cylinder
⇒ r = 7 cm 1
\ Total surface area = 2pr(h + r)
C.S.A. of cone = πrl

22 22
= = 2× × 3.5(10.5 + 3.5)
× 7 × 28 7
7
= 22 × 28 22
= 2× × 3.5 × 14
= 616 cm2. 1 7
4. Circumference of base 2πr = 132 cm = 308 cm2 2
132 \ 308 cm2 is the amount of card board needed
⇒ r = ×7
2 × 22 for 1 pen stand, then for 25 stands = 25 × 308
= 21 cm 1 = 7700 cm2
∴ Capacity of cylindrical vessel Volume of 1 pen stand = pr2h 1
= πr2h ½ 22
22 = × 3.5 × 3.5 × 10.5
= × 212 × 25 7
7
= 404.25 cm3. 1
= 34650 cm3 1
WORKSHEET-117
1. Let h and r be the height and radius of original Alternative Method :
cone and let h’ and r’ be the height and radius of Given, base area of cylinder
new cone
= 606 cm2
Given, h’ = 3h and r’ = 3r
1 Þ pr2 = 606
Volume of original cone V = πr 2 h
3 606 × 7
Þ r2 = ...(i) 1
1 2 22
Volume of new cone V’ = 3 π( r ') h '
Also, given height (h) of cylinder
1 = 2 m = 200 cm
π( r ')2 h '
Volume of new cone 3
= 1 2 Now, Volume of right circular cylinder
Volume of original cone πr h
3 = pr2h 1
22 606 × 7
( r ')2 h ' = × × 200
= 7 22
r 2h
[using (i)]
( 3r )2 3 h
= 2 = 121200 cm3.
r h
27 3. Given, l = 25 cm, r = 7 cm
= 1
1 l = h2 + r2
2
Hence, the ratio of new cone to the original cone

⇒ h2 = (25)2 – (7)2
is 27 : 1.

⇒ h = 24 cm
2. Base Area = 606 cm2
h = 2 m Area required = C.S.A of cone 1
h = 200 cm = prl
Volume = pr2h
= (Area)h 22
= × 7 × 25
= 606 × 200 7
= 121200 cm3. 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] = 550 cm2 1
Area required to make 10 such caps rcone = 3 cm
= 10 × 550 hcone = 4 cm
= 5500 cm2 1 lcone = 5 cm 1
2

or, = 0.55 m .
4. Curved surface area of the tent = 552 – 2 4 5
2
= 550 m ½
Radius (r) = 7 m r
3
∴ π × 7 × l = 550 ½
⇒ l = 25 m
Above given cone is formed with radius
3 cm, height 4 cm and slant height 5 cm when
∴ h = 252 − 7 2 revolved about the fixed side of 4 cm.
= 24 m ½ 1 2
πr h V =
1 22 3
Volume of the tent = × × 7 × 7 × 24 ½
3 7 1 22
= . .( 3)( 3)( 4 )
3 7
= 1232 m3. 1
= 37.71 cm3
Total surface area = prl + pr2 1
22
= × 3( 5 + 3)
5. 4 cm 5 cm 7
= 75.43 cm2. 2
3 cm
¨¨¨
SECTION
CHAPTER
14
B STATISTICS
TOPIC-1
Mean
WORKSHEET-118
1+3+5+7+9+11 36 6. Given, N = 10, x = 55
1. Mean = =
6 6
x = Σxi
= 6 1 N
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ⇒ Sum of 10 observations = 10 × 55 = 550
2. Mean number of children per family …(i) 1
=
2+ 4 + 3+ 4 + 2+ 0+ 3+ 5+1+ 6
=
30
= 3 1 When N = 11, x = 60
10 10 ⇒ Sum of 11 observations = 11 × 60 = 660 …(ii) 1
\ 11th observation = Included Number
3. Prime numbers lying between 6 and 20 are
= 660 – 550 = 110 1
7, 11, 13, 17, 19 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 67 7. Mean monthly salary of 12 employees = ` 14,500
\ Mean = =
5 5 Sum of monthly salary of 12 employees
= 14,500 × 12
= 13.4. 1
= ` 1,74,000 1
x+x+2+x+4+x+6+x+8 \ Sum of monthly salary of 13 employees
4. Mean = 13 = 1
5 = 1,74,000 + 18,400
5x + 20 = ` 1,92,400 1
13 = ½
5 \ Mean of monthly salary of 13 employees
1, 92 , 400
13 = x + 4 = = ` 14,800 1
13
\ x = 9. ½
Sum of observations
21 + 16 + 24 + x + 29 + 15 8. Mean = ½
5. A.M. = 1 No. of observations
6 Sum of observations = 150 × 30 = 4500 ½
105 + x Correct sum of observations
Þ 23 =
6 = 4500 – 135 + 165
Þ 105 + x = 138 = 4530 1
4530
Þ x = 33. 1 \ Correct mean = = 151. 1
30
WORKSHEET-119
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 28
1. Mean = =
10 5
55 = 5.6 1
=
10 3. Total marks of boys = 60 × 75 = 4500 ½
= 5.5 1 Total marks girls = 40 × 65 = 2600 ½
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 Sum for class = 4500 + 2600 = 7100 ½
2. Mean = 7100
5 Mean marks of the class = = 71. ½
100
Σfi xi 7.
4. Mean =
Σfi x f fx
4 × 5 + 6 × 10 + 9 × 10 + 10 × 7 + 15 × 8 5 6 30
=
5 + 10 + 10 + 7 + 8 15 4 60
25 9 225
20 + 60 + 90 + 70 + 120
= 1 35 6 210
40
45 5 225
360 2
= = 9. 1 Total
40 Sf = 30 Sfx = 750
5. Sum of 100 observations = 60 × 100 = 6000 ½ Σfx 750

Mean ( x ) = Σf = 30 = 25. 1
After replacement, sum of new obs.
8.
= 6000 – 50 + 110 = 6060 ½ x f fx
6060 4 4 16
New mean = = 60.6 1 6 8 48
100
8 14 112
6. Total score of 9 innings 10 11 110
= 58 × 9 = 522 1 12 3 36
1½
Total Sf = 40 Sfx = 322
For mean score of 61, the total needed
= 61 × 10 = 610 1 Σfx

∴ Mean = Σf ½
core to be added in the 10th inning
S
= 610 – 522 = 88. 1 = 322 = 8.05. 1
40
WORKSHEET-120
4x + 4 y 705
1. Mean = \ Correct mean = = 141. ½
2 5
2( 2 x + 2 y ) 5. Sum of marks obtained by 30 girls
=
2 = 30 × 73 = 2190 ½
Sum of marks obatained by 20 boys
= 2x + 2y
= 20 × 71 = 1420 ½
= 2(x + y) 1
Sum of marks of 50 students of class
2( 2 x + 2 y )
2. = 6 = 2190 + 1420 = 3610 ½
2 3610
Þ x1 + x2 = 12 Mean for class = = 72.2 marks. ½
50
x1 + x 2 + x 3
= 7 6. x f fx
3
Þ x1 + x2+ x3 = 21 55 8 440
Þ 12 + x3 = 21 50 3 150
Þ x3 = 9 1
49 10 490
3. Mean of 40 observations = 160,
Sum of 40 observations = 160 × 40 = 6400 ½ 81 7 567
New sum = 6400 + 165 – 125 48 3 144
= 6400 + 40 = 6440 1
57 7 399
6440
New mean = = 161. ½ 65 2 130
40
Sum of observations Total Sf = 40 Sfx = 2320
4. Mean = ½
No. of observations Σfx 2320
Total of all observations = 145 × 5 = 725 ½ Mean ( x ) = = = 58. 2
Σf 40
Correct total of all observations = 725 – 45 + 25
= 705 ½ Mean pocket money per week = ` 58. 1
7. x f fx Σfx
Mean = 1
Σf
10 17 170
30 5p + 3 150p + 90 2800 + 640 p
50 =
60 + 12 p
50 32 1600
3000 + 600p = 2800 + 640p
70 7p – 11 490p – 770
3000 – 2800 = 640p – 600p
90 19 1710 200 = 40p
Total 60 + 12p 2800 + 640p p = 5. 2
TOPIC-2
Median
WORKSHEET-121
1. 20 1 5. Ascending order of terms ½
2. 149 1 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64
3. Arrange the data in increasing order No. of terms = 8 (even) ½
2, 12, 12, 15, 17, 18, 26, 32, 32, 39, 42 Median = Mean of 4th and 5th terms
Here n is odd 16 + 25 41
= = = 20.5. 1
( n 2+ 1 ) observation 1
th 2 2
\ Median =
6. Arranging the data in ascending order,
15, 28, 31, 32, 43, 44, 51, 56, 72. ½
= (
2 )
th
11 + 1
n = 9, which is odd ½
( )
th
= 6th observation Median  9 + 1  = term
 2 
\ Median = 18 1
4. Arranging the data in increasing order, = 5th term = 43 ½
40, 50, 65, 70, 75, 75, 95, 100 If 32 is replaced by 23, then the new order is
n = 8 (even) 15, 23, 28, 31, 43, 44, 51, 56, 72.
\ New median = 5th term = 43. ½
( n2 ) ( )
th th
obs. + n + 1 obs. 10 + 20 + 30 + 40 + 50 150
2 7. Mean = = = 30 1½
Median = 1 5 5
2
Arranging in ascending order, we get 12, 16, 23,
4 th obs. + 5th obs. 70 + 75
= = 24, 29, 30, as a = 30, a – 1 = 29 ½
2 2
23 + 24
145 Median of data = 1
\ = = 72.5 1 2
2
= 23.5
WORKSHEET-122
1. 150 1 Þ x = 62. 1
2. 9 1 4. Median of the observations = mean of 3 and 4 rd th
3. Given data in ascending order is 29, 32, 48, 50, x, x
observation
+ 2, 72, 78, 84, 95.
x + (x + 2)
n = 10 (even) 1 Þ = 9 ½
2
( ) + ( n2 + 1)
 n th th 
edian = Mean of 
M  obs. Þ 2x + 2 = 9 × 2
 2  Þ 2x = 16
63 = Mean of 5th and 6th obs. 1 Þ x = 8 1
63 = x + x + 2 \ 3x + 1 = 3 × 8 + 1 = 25. ½
2 5. Median = mean of 5th and 6th observations
Þ 63 = x + 1
x + 1 + 2 x − 13 6. n = 10
24 = 1
2 Median = average of 5th and 6th observations 1
(x + 2) + (x + 4 )
48 = 3x – 12 ½ = ½
60 = 3x 2
2x + 6
Þ x = 20. ½ 24 =
2
x = 21 ½
TOPIC-3
Mode
WORKSHEET-123
1. Mode = 27 1 Σx 152
Mean = = = 15.2 1
2. 14 1 n 10
3. Arranging the data in the following form, we get Here, n = 10 (even), Median
( )
2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10 ½  nth n th  term
In the data 9 occurs most frequently (four times) =  2 + 2 +1 
 
½
\ Mode of data is 9. 1 15 + 16
= = 15.5 1
2
4. Arranging the data in ascending order ½
3, 5, 7, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 17, 24, 27, 27, 27, 30 Mode = 17. ½
Total number of observations = 15 6. Writing the given data in ascending order : 1
( )
th 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9
Median 15 + 1 i.e., 8th observation = 14 1
2 Here n = 15, Mean = Σx
n
In the data 27 occurs most frequently (three times)
= 85 = 5.7 1
\ Mode = 27 ½ 15
5. Arranging data in ascending order : Mode = 7
11, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 17 ½ Median = 8th term = 6. 1
WORKSHEET-124
1. 9 1 5. Arranging data in ascending order :
2. Arranging the data in ascending order : 8 , 13, 17, 20, 24, 24, 24, 26, 26, 30, 41
17, 17, 17, 18, 19, 23, 23, 23, 23, 25, 26 Here, n = 11 (odd)
th
Mode = 23 1 \ Median = n + 1 term
2
New mode = 23 – 4 = 19. 1
3. The nos. are 7, 8, 9, 9, x = 11 + 1 term
2
When x = 9, mode = 9 1
= 6th term
When x = 8, mode = 8 \ Median = 24
Difference between the mode Mode = 24
= 9 – 8 = 1. 1 (maximum frequency) 2
4. Arranging the given data in increasing order, If we replace one 24 by 26, the given data will be
38, 39, 40, 40, 41, 42, 46, 52, 52, 52, 54, 60, 62, 96, 98 (in ascending order) :
1 8, 13, 17, 20, 24, 24, 26, 26, 26, 26, 30, 41
There are 15 observations, Again n = 11 (odd)
Median = 8th observation 1 \ Median = 6th term
= 52 = 24
and Mode = 26
Mode = observation with maximum frequency
(maximum frequency) 1
= 52. 1
6. Mean of the data Arranging the data in ascending order
41 + 39 + 48 + 52 + 46 + 62 + 54 + 40 39, 40, 40, 41, 46, 48, 52, 52, 52, 52, 54, 60, 62, 96, 98 1½
+ 96 + 52 + 98 + 40 + 52 + 52 + 60
= Mode = 52.
15
(... 52 has highest frequency)
= 832 = 55.5 1½
15

TOPIC-4
Frequency Distribution, Bar Graphs Histogram
and Frequency Polygon
WORKSHEET-125
1. Range = highest point – lowest point 5.
= 27 – 2 = 25 1 Pocket Money No. of Children

0 – 10 12
2. Range = highest value – lowest value
10 – 20 23
= 45 – 20 = 25 1
y
3. 20 – 30 35
Percentage Expenditure
50 30 – 40 20
3
40 40 – 50 10
35%
30 Y - axis
20% 20%
20 15% 50
10%
10
x 40
No. of children
0
Rice Wheat Pulses Ghee Others
Food Items 30
Expenditure on pulses and ghee

20
= 10% + 20% = 30% 1
10
Expenditure on wheat = 35% ½
\ Excess expenditure on wheat 3
0 10 20 30 40 50 X - axis
= 35% – 30% = 5% ½ Pocket money
4.
Class No. of
Tally Marks
Intervals Tyres
2.0 –2.5 || 2
2.5 – 3.0 |||| || 7
3.0 – 3.5 |||| |||| |||| 14
3.5 – 4.0 |||| |||| 10
4.0 – 4.5 |||| 4

4.5 – 5.0 ||| 3
40
WORKSHEET-126
1. 26 1 (ii) Blood group ‘O’ is most common as it has
2. 140 1
3. Class size = 42 – 37 = 5 1 highest frequency i.e., 12. Blood group AB is
5 rarest. ½+½
Lower limit of last class mark = 57 − = 54.5 ½
2 5. (i) 15 + 10 = 25 1½
5
Upper limit of last class mark = 57 + = 59.5 ½ (ii) 13 + 17 = 30 1½
2
6. y
4. (i) F
requency Distribution Table :
No. of
Blood group Tally Marks students 20 18
Number of per sons

(frequancy) 15
15 12
A 9 12
|||| ||||
10
B |||| | 6 8
5 4
O |||| |||| || 12
4
AB ||| 3 x
0 6 12 18 24 30 36
Total 30 2 Age (in years)
WORKSHEET-127
1. Data 1 The lower limit of 18 – 25 = 18
2. 57 – 52 = 5 1 The upper limit of 10 – 17 = 17
3. 25 – 35 1 The difference = 18 – 17 = 1
1
4. \ Half the difference = = 0.5 1
2
Class interval Tally Marks Frequency
Age group (in years) Frequency
84 – 88 || 2
9.5 – 17.5 300
88 – 92 |||| 4
17.5 – 25.5 980
92 – 96 |||| |||| ||| 13 25.5 – 33.5 740
96 – 100 |||| |||| | 11 33.5 – 41.5 580
41.5 – 49.5 260
½×4=2 49.5 – 57.5 140
5.
Total 3000
16 y
15
14
1100
13
12 1000 980
11 900

Number of 10
800
students 9 740
8 700
7 600 580
Fr equency
6
500
5
4 400
3 300 260
300
2
1
3 200 140
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 100
Marks x 4
0 9.5 17.5 25.5 33.5 41.5 49.5 57.5
6. Consider the classes 10 – 17 and 18 – 25.
Age Group
¨¨¨
CHAPTER
SECTION
15
B PROBABILITY
TOPIC-1
Experimental Approach
WORKSHEET-128
245 9
1. Probability of getting a head = = 0.49 1
∴ P(E1) = 1
500 40
455 (ii) Let, E2 be the event of student not born in
2. Probability of getting head =
1200 June
91
= 1 Favourable outcomes = (40 – 9) = 31
240
31
745 149
∴ P(E2) = 1
Probability of getting tail = = 1 40
1200 240
255 91 6. (i) Probability of less than 30 marks
3. Probability of getting head = = 1
1000 200 7 + 10 17
= = 1
545 109 90 90
Probability of getting tail = = 1
1000 200
(ii) Probability of marks 60 or more marks
4. Outcomes 0 head 1 head 2 3
head head 15 + 8 23
3 = = 1
90 90
Frequency 6 10 9 5
5. (iii) Probability of marks between 40 and 70
Month Students born
20 + 20 + 15
Jan 5 =
90
Feb 4
March 4 55
May 1 = 1
90
June 9
July 5 (iv) Probability of marks 70 or more
Aug 1 8
Sep 2 =
90
Nov 3
Dec 6 4
= 1
(i) Let, E1 be the event of student born in June 1 45
WORKSHEET-129
270 27 200 2
1. Required probablity = = 1 P(E1) = = 1
500 50 500 5
2. Total number of outcomes = 500 200 2
P(E2) = = 1
Let E1 and E2 be the events of one head and two 500 5
heads respectively [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
3. (i) An even prime number i.e., '2'. 7
35 = 1
\ P(getting an even prime number) = 20
7
= 1 4. (i) P(a student born in a month with 31 days)
40 3 + 2 + 5 + 2 + 6 + 4 + 4 26
= = = 0.65 2
(ii) Multiple of 3 i.e., 3 and 6 40 40
40 + 30
\ P(getting multiple of 3) = (ii) P(student born in February)
200 4
= = 0.1. 1
70 40
=
200
WORKSHEET-130
1. Total No. of families = 184 + 714 + 425 3. (i) Probability of getting salary less then ` 3000
= 1323 12 + 18
=
(i) Probability that chosen family has exactly one 80
714 34
girl = = 1 30
1323 63 =
80
(ii) Probability that chosen family has 2 boys
184 3
= 1 = 1
1323 8
2. (ii) Probability of getting

salary more than or
equal to ` 1000,
Teachers Students
12 + 18 + 22 + 28
Male Female Male Female =
80
12 18 20 10
Total number of volunteers 80
= = 1 1
= 12 + 18 + 20 + 10 80
= 60
Total number of males (iii) Probability of getting salary more or equal to
= 12 + 20 = 32 ` 2000 but less than ` 4000
32 8 18 + 22
(i) P(person is male) = = 1 =
60 15 80
(ii) P(person is female student)
10 1 40 1
= = 1 = = 1
60 6 80 2

TOPIC-2
Probability of an Event
WORKSHEET-131
1. When a coin is tossed, total number of outcomes So given statement is true. 1
= 2(Head or Tail) ½ 3. Since, P(A) + P(B) = 1 1
1 ∴ P(B) = 1 – 0.72
\ P(getting a head) = ½
2 = 0.28. 1
2. Probability of an event associated with a random Because sum of probabilities is 1.
experiment lies between 0 and 1 (both included).
4. Number of Boys = 15 7. Total bags = 11
Number of Girls = 13 More than 5 kg of flour = 6 1
\ Total Number of Student = 15 + 13 = 28 6
Prob. of more than 5 kg of flour = 1
15 11
Probability of selecting a boy = 2
28 8. Total number of balls faced by sachin = 40
No. of balls on which he hit a six = 12
5. No. of women = 70 – (15 + 20 + 30) Let E1, be the event of hitting a six.
= 5 1
\
No. of outcomes = 12
5 1 12 3
P(women) = = . 1 \ P(E1) =
− 1
70 14 40 10
6. Hits boundary = 20% of balls
Now, Total no. of balls faced by Saurav = 30
Does not hit boundary = 80% of balls 1 Let E2 be the event of Saurav did not hit the
∴ P(not hitting boundary) boundary
80
= No. of outcomes = 30 – 9 = 21 1
100 21 7
4 P(E2) = = 1
= 1 30 10
5
WORKSHEET-132
1. Favourable number of outcomes = 36
= 3(2, 4, 6) ½ 36
P(T) = = 0.6 1
Total number of outcomes 60
= 6 So, P(H) + P(T) = 0.4 + 0.6
\ Required probability = 1 1
3 1 Hence verified.
= = ½
6 2
375 75 3
2. (i) P(likes the detergent) = 1 4. (i) P(sum is 7) = = 1
500 500 20
3 (ii) P(sum is more than 11)
= 70 7
4 = = 1
(ii) P(does not like the detergent) 500 50
= 1 – P (likes the detergent) (iii) P(sum is less than or equal to 6)
3 1
= 1 − = 1 19 + 30 + 22 + 52 + 55
4 4 =
500
3. Let x be the number of times a coin is tossed.
∴ P(H) = 0.4 178 89
= = 1
and No. of favourable outcomes 500 250
= 24 (iv) P(sum is between 5 and 10)
24
Þ P(H) = 0.4 Þ = 0.4 52 + 75 + 70 + 53
x =
500
24
Þ x = × 10 = 60 1 250 1
4 = = 1
∴ 60 times the coin was tossed. 500 2
Hence, no. of times tail turned up [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
= 60 – 24
¨¨¨

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CHAPTER

multiplying 10 on both the sides, we get, 325 65

0.1315 = 0.131515......, 15 is repeating

To represent 9.5 on the number line, let us

Mark the distance 4.5 units from a fixed point A

To represent 9.3 on the number line,let us

[Using (a–b)2 = a2 + b2 –2ab] 8 − 2 15 = 5 + 3 − 2 15

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

(x + 3) is a factor of f(x) = x3 + 3x2 – kx – 3 p  = p  + a  + 7  − 6

6. Let, p(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 9x – 5, \ p(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 7x – 6

(ii) In two variables (Cartesian plane) : A line AB

Plot x = 3 on the cartesian plane.

4. 3x = y + 3; three solutions are x = 1, y = 0; x = 2,

(i) Point P (– 3, 0) represents the solution x = – 3 on

(ii) Line AB represents the solution in the cartesian

3. Equation of the sides are, (–3, 0) 1

(C) I quadrant ½ y'

1 1 2 3 4 B (–p, –q) C (0, – q)

3. The given equation is : 3 = x 2

5. AC = DC (Given) e.g., if AB = PQ and PQ = XY , then AB = XY

We have PQ – QX = QR – QY on X and B falls on Y, then AB = XY

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] ∴ PR = PQ = QR. ½

point C, lying on the line which is in between them. ⇒ XY = 2(OX), XZ = 2(PX)

4. Given, ∠COA = 82°

3. 3z – 42° = 2z + 13° Now in DPEF 1

In ∆ABC, AB + BC > AC ...(1) ½

Adding (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get

Let PQRS be a rectangle

∴ PQRS is a rectangle. 1 (ii) In quadrilateral BCFE,

Construction : Extend DC to R so that BR || AQ

Proof : DCBA and QRBA are on the same base

ar (DCBA) = ar (QRBA) ...(i)

A diagonal divides a parallelogram into two

∠ABD + ∠ADB + ∠BAD = 180° ½

(ii) At P, construct ∠LPQ = 45° and at Q, ∠PQM

(i) Draw a line PQ = 12.5 cm.

(iii) Draw the bisectors of ∠SPQ and ∠RQP, X U

l = Radius of quadrant of cone

Hence, the ratio of new cone to the original cone

5. Sum of 100 observations = 60 × 100 = 6000 ½ Σfx 750

= 27 – 2 = 25 1 Pocket Money No. of Children

Expenditure on pulses and ghee

2.5 – 3.0 |||| || 7

3.0 – 3.5 |||| |||| |||| 14

3.5 – 4.0 |||| |||| 10

4.0 – 4.5 |||| 4

Number of per sons

2. (ii) Probability of getting

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