2 Define figure of merit?

Understand vi
3 Discuss threshold effect Remember vi
4 Explain threshold extension Understand vi
5 Explain pre-emphasis &de-emphasis Understand vi
6 Define Average noise figure. Understand vi
7 Define Average Noise Temperature Understand vi
8 List out various noise sources. Remember vi
9 Define White noise and Shot noise. Remember vi
10 Write SNR expressions for FM and AM. Remember vi
UNIT-V
RECEIVERS & PULSE MODULATION
1 Define Sensitivity and Selectivity. Understand vii
2 List the Classification of receivers. Understand vii
3 Explain Super heterodyne working principle. Understand vii
4 Define image frequency. Remember vii
5 Define Image frequency rejection ratio. Remember vii
Compare Continuous wave and pulse vii
6 modulation technique. Understand
7 State Sampling Theorem. Remember vii
8 Write Merits and Demerits of PAM. Understand vii
9 Compare PAM,PPM,PWM. Understand vii
List out the applications of pulse modulation vii
10 techniques. Remember

2.Long answer questions

Blooms
Course
S. No QUESTION Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
UNIT-I
AMPLITUDE MODULATION
1. a) Explain AM with necessary expressions,
waveforms and spectrums,
b) The output power of an AM transmitter is
1KW when sinusoidally modulated to a depth ii
of 100%. Calculate the power in each side
band when the modulation depth is reduced
1. to 50%. APPLY
a) Discuss the main objectives of a
communication system design? What are the
primary resources of any communication
system.
b) The RC load for a diode envelope detector
consists of a 1000 pF capacitor in parallel with
ii
a 10-K resistor. Calculate the maximum
modulation depth that can be handled for
sinusoidal modulation at a frequency of 10
2. KHz if diagonal peak clipping is to be avoided. APPLY
a) Sketch the one cycle of AM wave and
calculate the modulation index of it in terms
of Vmax and Vmin voltages.
b) A modulating signal consists of a i
symmetrical triangular wave having zero dc
component and peak to peak voltage of 12V.
3. It is used to amplitude modulate a carrier of APPLY
 peak voltage 10V. Calculate the modulation
index and the ratio of the side lengths L1/L2
of the corresponding trapezoidal pattern.
a) Plot the one cycle of AM wave and APPLY
calculate the modulation index of it in terms
of Vmax and Vmin voltages
b) The rms antenna current of AM transmitter ii
is 10A when un-modulated and 12 A when
sinusoidally modulated. Calculate the
4. modulation index.
a) Explain the collector modulation method APPLY
for generating AM wave with a neat circuit
diagram and waveforms.
b) An AM amplifier provides an output of 106 iv
W at 100% modulation. The internal loss is 20
W (i).What is un-modulated carrier power?
5. (ii). What is the side band power?
a) Write AM equation. Define modulation APPLY
index, and percentage modulation.
b) Define under-modulation and over- ii
modulation. Explain why over modulation is
6. undesirable.
a) Explain operation of square law detector APPLY
with circuit diagram and waveforms.
b) An AM transmitter has un-modulated
carrier power of 10 KW. It can be modulated
by sinusoidal modulating voltage to a
maximum depth of 40%, without
iii
overloading. If the maximum modulation
index is reduced to 30%. What is the extent
up to which the unmodulated carrier power
7. can be increased to avoid over loading.
a) Sketch the one cycle of AM wave and ANALYZE
calculate the modulation index of it in terms
of Vmax and Vmin voltages. ii
8.
a) Define communication. Explain with block APPLY,
diagram the basic communication ANALYZE
system.Write about modern communication
system.
b) A carrier wave of frequency 10 MHz and ii
peak value of 10 V is amplitude modulated by
a 5 KHz sine wave of amplitude 6 V.
Determine the modulation index and draw
9. the one sided spectrum of modulated wave.
a) Explain about the quadrature null effect of APPLY
coherent detect .
b) In DSB-SC, suppression of carrier so as to iii
save transmitter power results in receiver
10. complexity - Justify this statement
UNIT-II
SSB MODULATION
a) Describe the time domain band-pass APPLY
representation of SSB with necessary
sketches. iv
b) Find the percentage of power saved in
1. SSB when compared with AM system.
Find the various frequency components and ANALYZE
their amplitude in the Voltage given below iv
2. E=50(1+0.7cos5000t-0.3cos1000t) sin
 5x106t.Draw the single sided spectrum. Also
evaluate the modulated and sideband
powers.
a) Why VSB system is widely used for TV APPLY
broadcasting - Explain?
b) An AM transmitter of 1KW power is fully iv
modulated. Calculate the power transmitted if
3. it is transmitted as SSB.
Describe the single tone modulation of SSB. UNDERSTAND
Assume both modulating and carrier signals
are sinusoids. Write SSB equation and plot all
iv
4. the waveforms and spectrums.
a) Explain the Third method of generating UNDERSTAND
SSB modulated waves.
b) Explain the coherent detection of SSB iv
5. signals.
a)Explain about Diagonal Clipping in a diode APPLY,
detector. How to avoid it? ANALYZE
b)A 45Volts(rms) sinusoidal carrier is
amplitude modulated by a 30Volts(rms) iii
sinusoidal base band signal. Find the
6. Modulation index of the resulting signal.
Calculate the filter requirement to convert APPLY
DSB signal to SSB Signal, given that the two
side bands are separated by 200HZ. The iv
7. suppressed carrier is 29MHZ.
a) Explain the envelope detection of VSB APPLY,
wave plus carrier. ANALYZE
b) Calculate the percentage power saving
when the carrier and one of the sidebands iv
are suppressed in an AM wave modulated to
8. a depth of i. 100 % ii. 50 % .
UNIT-III
ANGLE MODULATION
An angle modulated signal has the form ANALYZE
v(t) = 100 cos(2fct+4 sin 2000 t) when fc
=10 MHz
i. Determine average transmitted power. v
ii. Determine peak phase deviation.
iii. Determine the peak frequency deviation
1. iv. Is this an FM or a PM signal? Explain.
a) Explain about FM generation using UNDERSTAND
transistor reactance modulator.
b) Explain balanced ratio detector for v
2. detecting FM signal.
a) Give the procedure to determine the UNDERSTAND
effective bandwidth of an signal FM
b) Which method of FM signal generation is
the preferred choice, when the stability of the v
carrier frequency is of major concern?
3. Discuss about the method in detail..
a) Compute the bandwidth requirement for ANALYZE
the transmission of FM signal having a
frequency deviation 75 KHz and an audio
bandwidth of 10KHz.
b) An FM radio link has a frequency deviation v
of 30 kHz. The modulating frequency is 3
kHz. Calculate the bandwidth needed for the
link. What will be the bandwidth if the
4. deviation is reduced to 15 kHz?
 a) Explain the operation of limiter circuit in APPLY,
fm demodulation. ANALYZE
b) An FM radio link has a frequency deviation
of 30 kHz. The modulating frequency is 3KHz.
Calculate the bandwidth needed. What will be
the bandwidth if the deviation is reduced to
5. 15 kHz?
Determine the amplitude spectrum of the UNDERSTAND
filter output for FM wave with modulation
index = 1 is transmitted through an ideal
band pass filter with mid band frequency fc v
and bandwidth is 5fm, where fc is the carrier
frequency and fm is the frequency of the
6. sinusoidal modulating wave..
a) Explain the working of zero crossing APPLY
detector
b) Compare frequency modulation with v
7. amplitude modulation.
UNIT-IV
NOISE IN ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Explain the noise performance of SSB - SC ANALYZE
1. receiver and prove its S/N Ratio is unity. vi
a) Derive the expression for the S/N ratio of ANALYZE,
AM system. REMEMBER
b) Compare noise performance of PM and FM vi
2. system
Explain the noise performance of DSB -SC ANALYZE
3. scheme with the help of block diagram vi
Prove that the figure of merit of AM system for ANALYZE
single tone modulation with 100% modulation vi
4. is 1/3.
Derive the expression for figure of merit of UNDERSTAND,
AM system for large value of modulation ANALYZE vi
5. index(m>1).
An AM system with envelope detection is ANALYZE
operating at threshold. Determine the power
gain indecibels needed at the transmitter to vi
produce (S/N)o = 30dB for tone modulation
6. with m = 1.
Explain the need for Pre-emphasis and De- REMEMBER
7. emphasis circuits in FM system vi
UNIT-V
RECEIVERS & PULSE MODULATION
a) List and discuss the factors influencing the UNDERSTAND
choice of the intermediate frequency for a
radio receiver. vii
b) What is simple automatic gain control?
1. What are its functions?
In a broadcast super heterodyne receiver ANALYZE
having no RF amplifier, the loaded Q of the
antenna coupling circuit is 100. If the IF
frequency is 455 kHz, determine the image vii
frequency and its rejection ratio for tuning at
2. 1.1. kHz a station.
a) How is PDM wave converted into PPM UNDERSTAND
system.
b) Explain why a single channel PPM of
system requires the transmission of vii
synchronization signal, where as a single
3. channel PAM or PDM system does not it.
 a) Explain working of TRF receiver. Also UNDERSTAND
explain the basic super heterodyne principle.
b) List out the advantages and disadvantages vii
4. of TRF receiver
Explain the working of FM receiver and REMEMBER
5. compare with AM receiver. iv
Describe how different signals can be UNDERSTAND
6. multiplexed using TDM system vii
Explain the demodulation procedure for PWM UNDERSTAND
7. signal demodulation. vii