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Evolution of Jean Watsons Carative Factors/Caritas Processes over time

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,)<,9,<2%8"7+00<(>3")(&"<0B0)<0)/0F"
o S)-%-0'",)"%/&,9,&,0'"&A%&"B+(>(&0"A0%8&A?"-+(I&AF"
o S)-%-0'",)"%/&,9,&,0'"&A%&"B+(>(&0"'%70"0&A,/%83">%&2+03"

#"$%&'()"*%+,)-"./,0)/0"1)'&,&2&03"45!5"
"
 ]"
"

A0%8&A?"-+(I&A"0OB0+,0)/0'_"<(0'")(&"0)-%-0",)"
2)0&A,/%83",880-%83"'%70&?:+,';"(+"'0<2/&,90"D0A%9,(+F"
! @88(I'"(&A0+'"&("/A(('0"D0'&"&,>0"&("&%8;"%D(2&"&A0,+"
/()/0+)E'GF"
]" 6+(>(&,()"%)<" M0,)-"B+0'0)&"&(3"%)<"'2BB(+&,90" S!7'T734$%4!7$36(8!345$%6'(&;6-&!6(!7$36(8!4(H63'(B4(%&!%'!
%//0B&%)/0"(7" (7"&A0"0OB+0'',()"(7"B(',&,90"%)<" -3'B'%4!&-636%D$5!83'=%;.!
&A0"0OB+0'',()"(7" )0-%&,90"7008,)-'"%'"%"/())0/&,()" "
B(',&,90"%)<" I,&A"<00B0+"'B,+,&"(7"'087"%)<"&A0" ! *+0%&0'JA(8<'"'%/+0<"'B%/0"E'%70"B8%/0"7(+"2)7(8<,)-"
)0-%&,90"7008,)-'" ()0:D0,)-:/%+0<"7(+" %)<"0>0+-,)-FG"
" ! @/;)(I80<-0'"A0%8,)-"%'"%)",))0+"V(2+)0?F"
" ! @88(I'"7(+"2)/0+&%,)&?"%)<"&A0"2);)(I)F"
Wording of other systems using ! S)/(2+%-0'")%++%&,90J'&(+?&088,)-"%'"%"I%?"&("0OB+0''"
Watsons theory: 6+ 2)<0+'&%)<,)-F"
(>(&0"%)<"%//0B&"B(',&,90"%)<" ) ! @88(I'"7(+"'&(+?"&("0>0+-03"/A%)-03"%)<"-+(IF"
0-%&,90"7008,)-'_"%2&A0)&,/%88?" ! S)/(2+%-0'"+0780/&,()"(7"7008,)-'"%)<"0OB0+,0)/0'F"
8,'&0)"&("%)(&A0+H'"'&(+?F" ! d770+'"D80'',)-'3"B+%?0+3"%)<"'B,+,&2%8"0OB+0'',()"%'"
" 6+ %BB+(B+,%&0F"
(>(&0"%)<"%//0B&"&A0" ! R08B'"(&A0+'"'00"'(>0"-((<"%'B0/&'"(7"&A0,+"',&2%&,()F"
0OB+0'',()"(7"B(',&,90"%)<" ! @/&,908?"8,'&0)'"%)<"80&'"&A0"0)0+-?"78(I"&A+(2-A"()0H'"
)0-%&,90"7008,)-'F"ERQ*G" '087"I,&A(2&"D0,)-"/()'2>0<"D?"(&A0+H'"7008,)-'F"
" ! @//0B&'"%)<"A08B'"(&A0+'"<0%8"I,&A"&A0,+")0-%&,90"
7008,)-'F"
^" .?'&0>%&,/"2'0" *+0%&,908?"2',)-"'087"%)<"%88"I%?'" S!4I4376&4!'%;43T74(%434:!-3'Q54B!&'5H6(8!$(:!&7;'5$3&;6-!
(7"&A0"'/,0)&,7,/" (7";)(I,)-"%'"B%+&"(7"&A0"/%+,)-" 6(!7$36(8!9'3!%;6&!-$%64(%!"'%;431.!
B+(D80>:'(89,)-"" B+(/0''0'_"0)-%-,)-",)"%+&,'&+?"(7" "
>0&A(<"(7" <0/,', /%+,)-:A0%8,)-"B+%/&,/0'F" ! 1)&0-+%&0'"%0'&A0&,/'3"0&A,/%83"0>B,+,/%83"B0+'()%83"%)<"
():>%;,)-" " " >0&%BA?',/%8"I%?'"(7";)(I,)-"I,&A"/+0%&,903"
" " ,>%-,)%&,903"%)<"/+,&,/%8"&A,);,)-"7(+"7288"0OB+0'',()"(7"
Refined in 1985C" " /%+,)-"%+&'"%)<"'/,0)/0'F"
.?'&0>%&,/"2'0" Wording of other systems using ! @/;)(I80<-0'"%)<",)&0-+%&0'"%)"%I%+0)0''"&A%&"&A0"
(7"/+0%&,90" B+ Watsons theory: U'0"/ B+0'0)/0"(7"()0'087",'"%)"0770/&,90"080>0)&"(7"&A0"B8%)"
(D80>:'(89,)-" /% +0%&,90"'/,0)&,7,/"B+(D80>: (7"/%+0"7(+"(&A0+'F"
+,)-"B+(/0''" '(89,)-">0&A(<'"7(+"/%+,)-" ! U'0'"'087"&("/+0%&0"A0%8,)-"0)9,+()>0)&'"9,%C""
<0/,',():>%;,)-F" ,)&0)&,()%8"&(2/A_"9(,/03"%2&A0)&,/"B+0'0)/0_"
" >(90>0)&_"%+&,'&,/"0OB+0'',()_"V(2+)%8,)-_"B8%?:
U'0"/+0%&,90"B+(D80>:'(89,)-"&(" 8%2-A&0+:-%,0&?_"'B()&%)0,&?_">2',/J'(2)<_"
>00&"&A0")00<'"(7"(&A0+'F"ERQ*G" B+0B%+%&,()_"D+0%&A,)-_"+08%O%&,()J,>%-0+?J"
9,'2%8,j%&,()_",)&0)&,()%8,&?_"%BB+(B+,%&0"0?0"/()&%/&_"
'>,8,)-JB(',&,90"-0'&2+0'_"%/&,90"8,'&0),)-_"
)%&2+0J8,-A&J'(2)<J)(,'0"B+(&0/&,()_"0&/FlF"
! S)/(2+%-0'"(&A0+'"&("%';"=20'&,()'F"
! R08B'"(&A0+'"0OB8(+0"%8&0+)%&,90"I%?'3"&("7,)<")0I"
>0%),)-",)"&A0,+"',&2%&,()'J8,70"V(2+)0?'",)"<0%8,)-"
I,&A"&A0,+"A0%8&AJ'087:A0%8&A"%BB+(%/A0'F"
"
`" 6+(>(&,()"(7" S)-%-,)-",)"-0)2,)0"&0%/A,)-: 80% <;4!7'T734$%4:!7$36(8!345$%6'(&;6-!-3'B'%4&!F('=54:84)!
,)&0+B0+'()%8" +),)-"0OB0+,0)/0'"&A%&"%&&0)<" 83'=%;)!4B-'=43B4(%!$(:!;4$56(8!-3'74&&4&!$(:!
&0%/A,)-: 80% &("2),&?"(7"D0,)-"%)<">0%),)-3" -'&&6Q656%64&!9'3!-$%64(%&!"'%;43&1!$(:!9'3!&459.!
+),)-F" %&&0>B&,)-"&("'&%?"I,&A,)" %) "
" (&A0+H'"7+%>0"(7"+070+0)/0F" ! @/&,908?"8,'&0)'"I,&A"()0H'"IA(80"D0,)-"&("(&A0+'"
" " &088,)-"&A0,+"8,70"0OB0+,0)/0'F"
Refined in 1985: " ! .B0%;'"/%8>8?3"=2,0&8?3"%)<"+0'B0/&,908?"&("(&A0+'3"
6+(>(&,)-" Wording of other systems using -,9,)-"&A0>"7288"%&&0)&,()"%&"&A0">(>0)&F"

#"$%&'()"*%+,)-"./,0)/0"1)'&,&2&03"45!5"
"
 ^"
"

&+%)'B0+'()%8" Watsons theory: ! .00;'"7,+'&"&("80%+)"7+(>"(&A0+'3"2)<0+'&%)<"&A0,+"

&0%/A,)-: 80% .A%+0"&0%/A,)-"%)<"80%+),)-"&A%&" I(+8<9,0I_"&A0)"'A%+0'3"/(%/A0'3"%)<"B+(9,<0'" ,)7(+>
+),)-" %<<+0''0'"&A0",)<,9,<2%8")00<'3" %&,()3"&((8'3"%)<"(B&,()'"&(">00&"(&A0+'H")00<'"
+0%<,)0''3"%)<"80%+),)-"'&?80'F" EI(+;'"7+(>"(&A0+'H"7+%>0"(7"+070+0)/0GF"
" ! 6%+&,/,B%&0'",)"/(880-,%8J/(88%D(+%&,90"/(:/+0%&,()F"
60+7(+>"&0%/A,)-"%)<"80%+),)-" ! @//0B&'"(&A0+'"%'"&A0?"%+0"%)<"IA0+0"&A0?"%+0"I,&A"
&A%&"%<<+0''0'",)<,9,<2%8")00<'" &A0,+"2)<0+'&%)<,)-3";)(I80<-03"+0%<,)0''"&("80%+)F"
%)<"80%+),)-"'&?80'F"ERQ*G" ! R08B'"(&A0+'"2)<0+'&%)<"A(I"&A0?"%+0"&A,);,)-"%D(2&"
" &A0,+",88)0''JA0%8&AF"
! @';'"(&A0+'"IA%&"&A0?";)(I"%D(2&"&A0,+",88)0''JA0%8&AF"
! R08B'"(&A0+'"7(+>28%&0"%)<"-,90"9(,/0"&("=20'&,()'"
%)<"/()/0+)'"&("%';"A0%8&A"/%+0"B+(70'',()%8'F"
"
a" 6+(9,',()"7(+"%" *+0%&,)-"A0%8,)-"0)9,+()>0)&"%&" RE!-3'B'%6(8!%;4!7$36(8!345$%6'(&;6-!S!734$%4:!&-$74!9'3!
'2BB(+&,903" B+ %88"80908'"EBA?',/%83")():BA?',/%83" %;6&!-$%64(%!"'%;431!%'!84(43$%4!;6&@;43!'=(!=;'54(4&&!
(&0/&,903" %)<J(+" '2D&80"0)9,+()>0)&"(7"0)0+-?" $(:!;4$56(8.!
/(++0/&,90" >0)& %)<"/()'/,(2')0''G3"IA0+0D?" "
%83"BA?',/%83" '(/, IA(80)0''3"D0%2&?3"/(>7(+&3" ! *+0%&0'"'B%/0"7(+"A2>%)"/())0/&,()'"&(")%&2+%88?"
(/28&2+%83" %)<"'B, <,-),&?3"%)<"B0%/0"%+0" (//2+F"
+,&2%8" 0)9,+ B(&0)&,%&0<F" ! 6%+&,/,B%&0'",)"/%+,)-:A0%8,)-"/()'/,(2')0''F"
()>0)&F" " ! *+0%&0'"/%+,)-",)&0)&,()'F"
" ! *+0%&0'"%"A0%8,)-"0)9,+()>0)&"%&&0)<,)-"&(C"
Wording of other systems using k2+'0"%'"0)9,+()>0)&"
Watsons theory: d&A0+"%'"2),=20"B0+'()"
*+0%&0"A0%8,)-"0)9,+()>0)&"7(+" Z,-A&"
&A0"BA?',/%8"%)<"'B,+,&2%8"'087" @+&"
$%&0+"
IA,/A"+0'B0/&'"A2>%)"<,-),&?F"
k(,'0"
" *80%)8,)0''"
*+0%&0"%"A0%8,)-"0)9,+()>0)&"7(+" 6+,9%/?"
BA?',/%8"%)<"'B,+,&2%8")00<'F" k2&+,&,()"
ERQ*G" M0%2&?"
.%70&?"
R%)<"I%'A,)-"
*(>7(+&">0%'2+0'"
d&A0+'H"&,>0'"7+%>0'"
! d&A0+'H"+(2&,)0'"%)<"+,&2%8'"
! 1'"%9%,8%D80"&("(&A0+'F"
! 6%?'"%&&0)&,()"&("(&A0+'"IA0)"&A0?"%+0"&%8;,)-F"
! @)&,/,B%&0'"(&A0+'H")00<'"
"
b" @'','&%)/0"I,&A" Q090+0)&8?"%)<"+0'B0/&7288?" S!=$&!$Q54!%'!;45-!B44%!%;4!(44:&!%;6&!-$%64(%!"'%;431!
-+%&,7,/%&,()"(7" %'','&,)-"I,&A"D%',/")00<'3"I,&A" 6:4(%6964:!9'3!;6B@;43&459.!
A2>%)")00<'F" %)",)&0)&,()%8"/%+,)-" /()'/, "
(2')0''3"%<>,),'&0+,)-" LA2>%)"/ ! i,0I'"(&A0+'"%'",)&0-+%&0<"IA(80F"
%+0"0''0)&,%8'3N"IA,/A" B(&0)&, ! Q0'B0/&'"(&A0+'H"2),=20",)<,9,<2%8")00<'F"
%&0"%8,-)>0)&"(7">,)<: D(<?:'B, ! P%;0'"(&A0+'"%'"/(>7(+&%D80"%'"B('',D80F"
+,&3"IA(80)0''"%)<"2),&?" ! R08B'"(&A0+'"7008"80''"I(++,0<F"
(7"D0,)-",)"%88"%'B0/&'"(7"/%+0_" E ! 1'"+0'B()',90"&("(&A0+'H"7%>,8?3"',-),7,/%)&"(&A0+'3"
%88(I,)-"7(+"'B,+,&:7,880<" /())0/&, 8(90<"()0'F"
()GF" ! Q0'B0/&'"(&A0+'H")00<"7(+"B+,9%/?F"
" ! Q0'B0/&'"(&A0+'H"B0+/0B&,()'"(7"&A0"I(+8<"%)<"&A0,+"
Wording of other systems using 2),=20")00<'F"
Watsons theory: ! 1)9(890'"7%>,8?J',-),7,/%)&"(&A0+'F"

#"$%&'()"*%+,)-"./,0)/0"1)'&,&2&03"45!5"
"
 `"
"

@'','&"I,&A"D%',/"BA?',/%83" 0>(&, ! X+0%&'"(&A0+'H"D(<?"/%+07288?"%'">?'&0+?"(7"

()%83"%)<"'B,+,&2%8"A2>%)" ) B%+&,/,B%&,)-",)"8,70"7(+/0"(7"%)(&A0+F"
00<'F" ! R08B'"(&A0+'"I,&A"'B0/,%8")00<'"7(+"+08%O%&,()3"
" @'','&"I,&A"D%',/"BA?',/ +0'&(+%&,()3"%)<"'800BF"
%8"%)<" 0>(&,() ! X%8;'"(B0)8?"&("7%>,8?F"
%8")00<'F"ERQ*G" "
!5" @88(I%)/0"7(+" dB0),)-"%)<"%&&0)<,)-"&(" 'B, S!$55'=!9'3!B63$754&!%'!%$F4!-5$74!=6%;!&459!$(:!'%;43&.!
0O,'&0)&,%8: BA0) +,&2%8:>?'&0+,(2'3"%)<" 2);) "
(>0)(8(-,/%8" (I)"0O,'&0)&,%8"<,>0)',()'" ! @88(I'"7(+"&A0"2);)(I)"&("2)7(8<F"
7(+/0'" (7"()0H'"(I)"8,70:<0%&A:'2770+,)-_" ! 6%+&,/,B%&0'",)"B%+%<(O"(7"8,70F"
" '(28"/%+0"7(+"'087"%)<"&A0"()0: ! .2++0)<0+'"/()&+(8"%)<"%)&,/,B%&0'">,+%/80'F"
" D0,)-:/%+0<"7(+_"L%88(I,)-"7(+"%" ! k2+&2+0'J"'2BB(+&'"A(B0F"
Refined in 1985: >,+%/80N" ! .A%+0'"%)<"B%+&,/,B%&0'",)"A2>%)"/%+,)-">(>0)&'"%'"
@88(I%)/0"7(+" " %BB+(B+,%&0F"
0O,'&0)&,%8: BA0) Wording of other systems using ! @/;)(I80<-0'"()0H'"(I)"%)<"(&A0+'H",))0+"7008,)-'F"
(>0)(8(-,/%8 :'B, Watsons theory: ! m)(I'"IA%&",'",>B(+&%)&"&("'087"%)<"(&A0+'F"
+,&2%8"7(+/0'" dB0)"&(">?'&0+?"%)<"%88(I" >,+ ! .A(I'"+0'B0/&"7(+"&A('0"&A,)-'"&A%&"A%90">0%),)-"&("
%/80'"&("A%BB0)F" (&A0+'F"
" .8(I"<(I)"%)<"%88(I"'B ! M08,090'"&A%&"72)<%>0)&%8"8(90"%)<"-((<"%D(2)<'",)"
%/0"7(+" %88"',&2%&,()'"IA0+0"8,70"0O,'&'F"
2)0OB0/&0<"I()<0+F"ERQ*G" ! @//0B&'"&A%&"'(>0"8,70"A%BB0),)-'"%+0",)0OB8,/%D80F"
" M0"(B0)"&("<,'/
(90+?"(7"
B('',D,8,&,0'"%)<">,+%/28(2'"8,70:
<0%&A"090)&'F"
"
"
*%+%3"*F"E455TGF"!"#$%&'%()*"+),-"./"0,%1"2%(3.143"5%$)1&"67,.$83"IIIFA2>%)/%+,)-F(+-"E2)<0+" L/
()&,)2,)-"0<2/%&,()NG" $%&'()3"eF"E455aGF"9:$3)1&;"67,"#7)<.3.=78"%1>"?*),1*,"./"5%
$)1&"E+09F"0<FG3"M(28<0+C"U),90+',&?"6+0''"(7" *(8(+%<(F"
"
"

#"$%&'()"*%+,)-"./,0)/0"1)'&,&2&03"45!5"
"