How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2
3. Slabs
R M Moss BSc, PhD, CEng, MICE, MIStructE O Brooker BEng, CEng, MICE, MIStructE
Introduction
The introduction of European standards to UK
construction is a significant event. The ten design
standards, known as the Eurocodes, will affect
all design and construction activities as current
British standards for design are due to be
withdrawn in 2010.
This publication is part of the series of guides
entitled How to design concrete structures using
Eurocode 2. Their aim is to make the transition to
Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures as easy
as possible by drawing together in one place key
information and commentary required for the
design of typical concrete elements.
The cement and concrete industry recognised that
a substantial effort was required to ensure that
the UK design profession would be able to use
Eurocode 2 quickly, effectively, efficiently and
with confidence. With support from government,
consultants and relevant industry bodies, the
Concrete Industry Eurocode 2 Group (CIEG) was
formed in 1999 and this Group has provided the
guidance for a co-ordinated and collaborative
approach to the introduction of Eurocode 2. As
a result, a range of resources is to be made
available through The Concrete Centre to help
designers during the transition period (see back
cover for details).
Designing to Eurocode 2
This guide covers the analysis and design of slabs to Eurocode 21 which is
essentially the same as with BS 81102. However, the layout and content of
Eurocode 2 may appear unusual to designers familiar with BS 8110. Eurocode 2
does not contain the derived formulae or specific guidance on determining
moments and shear forces. This has arisen because it has been European
practice to give principles in the codes and for the detailed application to
be presented in other sources such as textbooks.
The first guide in this series, How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2:
Introduction to Eurocodes3, highlighted the key differences between Eurocode 2
and BS 8110, including terminology. A separate guide in this series covers the
design of flat slabs4.
It should be noted that values from the UK National Annex (NA) have been
used throughout this guide, including values that are embedded in derived
formulae. (Derivations can be found at www.eurocode2.info.) A list of symbols
related to slab design is given at the end of this guide.
Design procedure
A procedure for carrying out the detailed design of slabs is shown in Table 1.
This assumes that the slab thickness has previously been determined during
conceptual design. More detailed advice on determining design life, actions,
material properties, methods of analysis, minimum concrete cover for
durability and control of crack widths can be found in the accompanying
guide How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2: Getting started 5.
Fire resistance
Eurocode 2, Part 12: Structural fire design6, gives a choice of advanced,
simplified or tabular methods for determining the fire resistance. Using tables
is the fastest method for determining the minimum dimensions and cover for
slabs. There are, however, some restrictions which should be adhered to.
Further guidance on the advanced and simplified methods can be obtained
from specialist literature.
Rather than giving a minimum cover, the tabular method is based on
nominal axis distance, a. This is the distance from the centre of the main
Continues page 3
How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2

Table 1
Slab design procedure

Step Task Further guidance

How to guide Standard
1 Determine design life Getting started NA to BS EN 1990 Table NA.2.1
2 Assess actions on the slab Getting started BS EN 1991 (10 parts) and National Annexes
3 Determine which combinations of actions apply Introduction to Eurocodes NA to BS EN 1990 Tables NA.A1.1 and NA.A1.2 (B)
4 Determine loading arrangements Getting started NA to BS EN 199211
5 Assess durability requirements and determine concrete strength Getting started BS 8500: 2002
6 Check cover requirements for appropriate fire resistance period Getting started and Table 2 of this guide Approved Document B. BS EN 199212: Section 5
7 Calculate min. cover for durability, fire and bond requirements Getting started BS EN 199211 Cl 4.4.1
8 Analyse structure to obtain critical moments and shear forces Getting started and Table 3 of this guide BS EN 199211 section 5
9 Design flexural reinforcement See Figure 1 of this guide BS EN 199211 section 6.1
10 Check deflection See Figure 3 of this guide BS EN 199211 section 7.4
11 Check shear capacity See Table 7 of this guide BS EN 199211 section 6.2
12 Check spacing of bars Getting started BS EN 199211 section 7.3
Note
NA = National Annex.

Table 2
Minimum dimensions and axis distances for reinforced concrete slabs (excluding flat slabs)

Standard fire Minimum dimensions (mm)

resistance
One-way a,b Two-way spanning slaba,b,c,d Ribs in a two-way spanning ribbed slabe
spanning slab l y /l x 1.5 f 1.5 <l y /l x 2f

REI 60 hs = 80 80 80 b min = 100 120 200

a= 20 10 g 15g a= 25 15g 10g
REI 90 hs = 100 100 100 b min = 120 160 250
a= 30 15g 20 a= 35 25 15g
REI 120 hs = 120 120 120 b min = 160 190 300
a= 40 20 25 a= 45 40 30
REI 240 hs = 175 175 175 b min = 450 700

a= 65 40 50 a= 70 60

Notes Key
1 This table is taken from BS EN 199212 Tables 5.8 to 5.11. For flat slabs refer to a The slab thickness hs is the sum of the slab thickness and the thickness of any
separate guide. non-combustible flooring.
2 The table is valid only if the detailing requirements (see note 3) are observed and in b For continuous solid slabs a minimum negative reinforcement As 0.005 A c
normal temperature design redistribution of bending moments does not exceed 15%. should be provided over intermediate supports if
3 For fire resistance of R90 and above, for a distance of 0.3l eff from the centre line of each 1) cold worked reinforcement is used; or
intermediate support, the area of top reinforcement should not be less than the following: 2) there is no fixity over the end supports in a two span slab; or
A s,req (x) = A s,req ( 0 ) ( 1 2.5 ( x/ l eff ) ) 3) where transverse redistribution of load effects cannot be achieved.
where: c In two way slabs the axis refers to the lower layer of reinforcement.
x is the distance of the section being considered from the centre
d The term two way slabs relates to slabs supported at all four edges. If this is
line of the support.
not the case, they should be treated as one-way spanning slabs.
A s,req ( 0 ) is the area of reinforcement required for normal temperature design.
e For two-way ribbed slabs the following notes apply:
A s,req (x) is the minimum area of reinforcement required at the section
The axis distance measured to the lateral surface of the rib should be at
being considered but not less than that required for normal
least (a + 10).
temperature design.
The values apply where there is predominantly uniformly distributed loading.
l eff is the greater of the effective lengths of the two adjacent spans.
There should be at least one restrained edge.
4 There are three standard fire exposure conditions that need to be satisfied:
The top reinforcement should be placed in the upper half of the flange.
R Mechanical resistance for load bearing
E Integrity of separation f l x and l y are the spans of a two-way slab (two directions at right angles) where
I Insulation l y is the longer span.

5 The ribs in a one-way spanning ribbed slab can be treated as beams and reference can g Normally the requirements of BS EN 199211 will determine the cover.
be made to How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2: Beams. The topping can
be treated as a two-way slab where 1.5 < ly / lx 2.

2
 3. Slabs

Figure 1
Procedure for determining flexural reinforcement reinforcing bar to the surface of the member. It is a nominal (not
minimum) dimension, so the designer should ensure that
START a cnom + f link + f bar /2.
The requirements for various types of slab are given in Table 2.

Carry out analysis of slab to determine design moments (M)

(Where appropriate use coefficients from Table 3)
Flexure
No Outside scope of The design procedure for flexural design is given in Figure 1; this
Concrete class
C50/60? this guide includes derived formulae based on the simplified rectangular stress
block from Eurocode 2. Where appropriate, Table 3 may be used to
Yes determine bending moments and shear forces for slabs. Further
Determine K from: K =
M information for the design of two-way, ribbed or waffle slabs is given in
bd 2 fck the appropriate sections on pages 5 and 6.

Determine K from Table 4 or Table 4

K = 0.60d 0.18 d 2 0.21 where d 1.0 Values for K
% redistribution d (redistribution ratio) K
Compression 0 1.00 0.205
No reinforcement 5 0.95 0.193
Is K K ? required not
recommended for 10 0.90 0.180
typical slabs
15 0.85 0.166
Yes 20 0.80 0.151
No compression reinforcement required 25 0.75 0.136

Table 5
Obtain lever arm z from Table 5 or z/d for singly reinforced rectangular sections
d
z=
2 [
1 + 1 3.53 K 0.95d] K z/d K z/d
0.01 0.950a 0.11 0.891
0.02 0.950a 0.12 0.880
Calculate tension reinforcement required from
0.03 0.950a 0.13 0.868
M
As =
fyd z 0.04 0.950a 0.14 0.856
0.05 0.954 0.15 0.843
0.06 0.944 0.16 0.830
Check minimum reinforcement requirements (see Table 6) 0.07 0.934 0.17 0.816
0.26 fctm bt d
As,min = where fck 25 0.08 0.924 0.18 0.802
fyk
0.09 0.913 0.19 0.787
0.10 0.902 0.20 0.771
Check maximum reinforcement requirements Key
As,max = 0.04 Ac for tension or compression a Limiting z to 0.95d is not a requirement of Eurocode 2, but is considered to be good practice.
reinforcement outside lap locations

Table 6
Minimum percentage of reinforcement required
Table 3
Bending moment and shear coefficients for slabs fck fctm Minimum % (0.26 fctm /fyka )
25 2.6 0.13%
End support /slab connection First Interior Interior
interior spans supports 28 2.8 0.14%
Pinned Continuous
support 30 2.9 0.15%
End End End End
support span support span 32 3.0 0.16%
Moment 0 0.086Fl 0.04Fl 0.075Fl 0.086Fl 0.063Fl 0.063Fl 35 3.2 0.17%
Shear 0.40F 0.46F 0.6F 0.5F 40 3.5 0.18%
Notes 45 3.8 0.20%
1 Applicable to one-way spanning slabs where the area of each bay exceeds 30 m2,
Qk 1.25 Gk and Qk 5 kN/m2 50 4.1 0.21%
2 F is the total design ultimate load, l is the span Key
3 Minimum span > 0.85 longest span, minimum 3 spans
4 Based on 15% redistribution at supports and no decrease in span moments a Where fyk = 500 MPa.

3
How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2

Eurocode 2 offers various methods for determining the stress-strain Deflection

relationship of concrete. For simplicity and familiarity the method
presented here is the simplified rectangular stress block, which is
similar to that found in BS 8110 (see Figure 2).
The Eurocode gives recommendations for the design of concrete up to
class C90/105. However, for concrete greater than class C50/60, the stress
block is modified. It is important to note that concrete strength is based
on the cylinder strength and not the cube strength (i.e. for class C28/35
the cylinder strength is 28 MPa, whereas the cube strength is 35 MPa).
Eurocode 2 has two alternative methods of designing for deflection,
either by limiting span-to-depth ratio or by assessing the theoretical
deflection using the Expressions given in the Eurocode. The latter
is dealt with in detail in another guide in this series, How to design
concrete structures using Eurocode 2: Deflection7.
The span-to-depth ratios should ensure that deflection is limited to
span /250 and this is the procedure presented in Figure 3.

Figure 2
Simplified rectangular stress block for concrete up to class C50/60 from Eurocode 2

Figure 3 Figure 4
Procedure for assessing deflection Determination of steel stress

START

Determine basic l/d from Figure 5

Determine Factor 1 (F1)

For ribbed or waffle slabs
F1 = 1 0.1 ((bf/bw) 1) 0.8
(bf is flange breadth and bw is rib breadth)
Otherwise F1 = 1.0

Determine Factor 2 (F2)

Where the slab span exceeds 7 m and it supports
brittle partitions, F2 = 7/leff
Otherwise F2 = 1.0

Determine Factor 3 (F3)

F3 = 310/ss
Where ss = Stress in reinforcement at serviceability
limit state (see Figure 4)
ss may assumed to be 310 MPa (i.e. F3 = 1.0)
Note: As,prov 1.5 As,reqd (UK National Annex) Increase
As,prov

Is basic l/d x F1 x F2 x F3 Actual l/d ?

No
Yes
To determine stress in the reinforcement (ss), calculate the ratio
Gk/Qk , read up the graph to the appropriate curve and read across
Check complete to determine ssu .
As,req 1
The Eurocode is ambiguous regarding linear interpolation. It is understood that this
was the intention of the drafting committee and is in line with current UK practice.
ss can be calculated from the expression: ss = ssu ( )( )
As,prov d

4
 3. Slabs

Design for shear Table 7

vRd,c resistance of members without shear reinforcement, MPa

It is not usual for a slab to contain shear reinforcement, therefore it is
only necessary to ensure that the concrete shear stress capacity
without shear reinforcement (vRd,c see Table 7) is more than applied
shear stress (vEd = VEd /( bd )). Where shear reinforcement is required,
e.g. for ribs in a ribbed slab, refer to How to design concrete structures
using Eurocode 2: Beams 8.
rI = Effective depth, d (mm)
As /(bd)
200 225 250 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 750
0.25% 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.36
0.50% 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.45
0.75% 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.51

1.00% 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.57

Two-way slabs 1.25% 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.63 0.61

1.50% 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.67 0.65
Unlike BS 8110 there is no specific guidance given in Eurocode 2 on
how to determine the bending moments for a two-way slab. The 1.75% 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.68
assessment of the bending moment can be carried out using any 2.00% 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.74 0.71
suitable method from Section 5 of the Code. However, co-efficients
2.50% 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.74 0.71
may be obtained from Table 8 (taken from the Manual for the design of
building structures to Eurocode 29) to determine bending moments per k 2.000 1.943 1.894 1.853 1.816 1.756 1.707 1.667 1.632 1.577 1.516
unit width (Msx and Msy) where: Table derived from: v Rd,c = 0.12 k (100r I fck)1/3 0.035 k1.5 fck 0.5
where k = 1 + R(200/d) 2 and r I = As /(bd) 0.02
Msx = bsx w lx2
Note
Msy = b sy w lx2 1 This table has been prepared for fck = 30.
2 Where r I exceeds 0.40% the following factors may be used:
Where bsx and bsy are coefficients, lx is the shorter span and w (load
per unit area) is the STR ultimate limit state combination. For more fck 25 28 32 35 40 45 50

information on combinations refer to How to design concrete structures Factor 0.94 0.98 1.02 1.05 1.10 1.14 1.19
using Eurocode 2: Introduction to Eurocodes.

Figure 5
Basic span-to-effective-depth ratios

Notes
1 For two-way spanning slabs, the check should be
carried out on the basis of the shorter span.
2 This graph assumes simply supported span
condition (K = 1.0).
K = 1.5 for interior span condition
K = 1.3 for end span condition
K = 0.4 for cantilevers
3 Compression reinforcement, r, has been taken as 0.
4 Curves based on the following expressions:

1.5
l
d [
= K 11 +
1.5 fck r 0
r
+ 3.2 fck
( )]
r0
r
1

where r r 0

and

l
d
= K 11 +[1.5 fck r 0
( r r )
+
fck
12
r
r0 ]
where r > r 0 .

Percentage of tension reinforcement (As,reqd/bd)

5
How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2

Ribbed or waffle slabs Figure 6

Procedure for determining flexural capacity of flanged ribs

Current practices for determining forces in ribbed and waffle slabs may also
START
be used for designs to Eurocode 2. Where a waffle slab is treated as a
two-way slab refer to previous section, but note that their torsional stiffness
is significantly less than for a two-way slab and the bending moment co-
efficients may not be applicable. Where it is treated as a flat slab reference No Outside scope
Concrete class
may be made to How to design concrete structures to Eurocode 2: Flat slabs4 C50/60? of this guide

The position of the neutral axis in the rib should be determined, and Yes

then the area of reinforcement can be calculated depending on Determine l0 (see Figure 7) and beff from:
whether it lies in the flange or web (see flow chart in Figure 6). The beff = (bw + beff1 + beff2) where
beff1 = (0.2b1 + 0.1 l0) 0.2 l0 b1
main differences compared with BS 8110 are that the assessment of
beff2 = (0.2b2 + 0.1 l0) 0.2 l0 b2
the flange width is more sophisticated (see Figures 7 and 8). Note: The flange width at the support will be
different from that at mid-span.
For symbols refer to Figures 7 and 8
Where a slab is formed with permanent blocks or a with a topping
thickness less than 50 mm and one-tenth of the clear distance
between ribs it is recommended that a longitudinal shear check is
M
carried out to determine whether additional transverse reinforcement is Determine K from: K =
bd 2 fck
required (see BS EN 199211, Cl 6.2.4).

Table 8 Determine K from Table 2 or

Bending moment coefficients for two-way spanning rectangular slabs
K = 0.60d 0.18 d2 0.21 where d 1.0
supported by beams

Type or panel Short span coefficients for Long-span

and moments values of ly /lx coefficients
Calculate lever arm z from
considered for all values d
of ly /lx z=
2 [ 1 + 1 3.53 K 0.95d ]
1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0

Interior panels Calculate depth to neutral axis x from:

x = 2.5 (d z)
Negative moment 0.031 0.044 0.053 0.059 0.063 0.032
at continuous edge
Neutral axis in
Positive moment 0.024 0.034 0.040 0.044 0.048 0.024 Yes flange.
at midspan Is x 1.25hf Design as
rectangular
section.
One short edge discontinuous
No
Negative moment 0.039 0.050 0.058 0.063 0.067 0.037
at continuous edge Neutral axis in web
Calculate moment capacity of flange from:
Positive moment 0.029 0.038 0.043 0.047 0.050 0.028 MR,f = 0.57 fck (beff bw) hf (d 0.5hf)
at midspan
M MR,f
and Kf =
One long edge discontinuous fck bw d 2

Negative moment 0.039 0.059 0.073 0.083 0.089 0.037

at continuous edge
No
Is Kf K Redesign
Positive moment 0.030 0.045 0.055 0.062 0.067 0.028 section
at midspan

Two adjacent edges discontinuous Yes

Negative moment 0.047 0.066 0.078 0.087 0.093 0.045 Calculate area of reinforcement required from
at continuous edge MR,f M MR,f
As = +
fywd (d 0.5 hf ) fywd z
Positive moment 0.036 0.049 0.059 0.065 0.070 0.034
at midspan

6
 3. Slabs

Figure 7 Figure 8
Definition of l0 , for calculation of effective flange width Effective flange width parameters

Rules for spacing and Selected symbols

Symbol Definition Value

quantity of reinforcement Ac
As
Cross sectional area of concrete
Area of tension steel
bh

As2 Area of compression steel

Minimum area of principal reinforcement As, prov Area of tension steel provided
The minimum area of principal reinforcement in the main direction is
As, reqd Area of tension steel required
As,min = 0.26 fc tm b t d/fy k but not less than 0.0013b td, where b t is the
beff Effective flange width
mean width of the tension zone (see Table 6). For a T-beam with the
bt Mean width of the tension zone
flange in compression, only the width of the web is taken into account
bmin Width of beam or rib
in calculating the value of b t.
bw Width of rib web
d Effective depth
Minimum area of secondary reinforcement d2 Effective depth to compression reinforcement
The minimum area of secondary transverse reinforcement is
fcd Design value of concrete compressive strength acc fck /gc
20% As,min . In areas near supports, transverse reinforcement is not
fck Characteristic cylinder strength of concrete
necessary where there is no transverse bending moment.
fctm Mean value of axial tensile strength 0.30 fck2/3 for fck C50/60
(from Table 3.1, Eurocode 2)
Maximum area of reinforcement hf Flange thickness
Outside lap locations, the maximum area of tension or compression hs Slab thickness
reinforcement should not exceed As,max = 0.04 Ac K Factor to take account of the different See Table NA.4 in
structural systems UK National Annex
Minimum spacing of reinforcement leff Effective span of member See Section 5.3.2.2 (1)
The minimum clear distance between bars should be the greater of: l0 Distance between points of zero moment
n Bar diameter l/d Limiting span-to-depth ratio
n Aggregate size plus 5 mm lx, ly Spans of a two-way slab
n 20 mm M Design moment at the ULS
x Depth to neutral axis (d z)/0.4
Maximum spacing of reinforcement xmax Limiting value for depth to neutral axis (d 0.4)d where d 1.0
For slabs less than 200 mm thick the following maximum spacing z Lever arm
rules apply: a cc Coefficient taking account of long term 0.85 for flexure and
n For the principal reinforcement: 3h but not more than 400 mm effects on compressive strength and of axial loads.
unfavourable effects resulting from the 1.0 for other phenomena
n For the secondary reinforcement: 3.5h but not more than 450 mm way load is applied (From UK National Annex)
d Ratio of the redistributed moment to the
The exception is in areas with concentrated loads or areas of maximum elastic bending moment
moment where the following applies: gm Partial factor for material properties 1.15 for reinforcement (gs )
1.5 for concrete (gc )
n For the principal reinforcement: 2h but not more than 250 mm
r0 Reference reinforcement ratio Rfck /1000
n For the secondary reinforcement: 3h but not more than 400 mm
Where h is the depth of the slab. r Required tension reinforcement at mid-span As/bd
to resist the moment due to the design
loads (or at support for cantilevers)
For slabs 200 mm thick or greater reference should be made to section r Required compression reinforcement at As2/bd
7.3.3 of the Code or How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2: mid-span to resist the moment due to the
design loads (or at support for cantilevers)
Getting started 5.

7
 3. Slabs

References
1 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures Part 11 General rules and rules for buildings. BS EN 199211: 2004.
2 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. The structural use of concrete Part 1, Code of practice for design and construction. BS 81101: 1997.
3 NARAYANAN, R S & BROOKER, O. How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2: Introduction to Eurocodes. The Concrete Centre, 2005.
4 MOSS, R M & BROOKER, O. How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2: Flat slabs. The Concrete Centre, 2006.
5 BROOKER, O. How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2: Getting started. The Concrete Centre, 2005.
6 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 199212, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. General rules structural fire design, BSI 2004.
7 WEBSTER, R & BROOKER, O. How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2: Deflection calculations. The Concrete Centre, 2006.
8 MOSS, R M & BROOKER, O. How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2: Beams. The Concrete Centre, 2006.
9 THE INSTITUTION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS/THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. Manual for the design of concrete building structures to
Eurocode 2. IStructE/ICE, 2006.

Acknowledgements
The content of this publication was produced as part of the project Eurocode 2: transition from UK to European concrete design standards. This
project was part funded by the DTI under the Partners in Innovation scheme. The lead partner was the British Cement Association. The work was
carried out under the guidance of the Concrete Industry Eurocode 2 Group, which consists of representatives from:
Alan Baxter and Associates Arup British Cement Association British Precast Building Research Establishment Clark Smith Partnership
Concrete Innovation and Design Construct Department for Trade and Industry Office of the Deputy Prime Minister The Concrete Centre
The Concrete Society Quarry Products Association.

Eurocodes Do it first with concrete

Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures is one, new and unified design code for UK and Europe. Following the
publication of the UKs National Annex to Eurocode 2 the design code for concrete is now available for use.
The Concrete Centre has compiled a range of resources to help with the interpretation and use of the new code.
These resources make The Concrete Centre the first port of call for all design training and guidance for Eurocode 2.
n This free guide is taken from The Concrete Centre publication How to design concrete structures using
Eurocode 2 (CCIP006).
n Find out more about the series of seminars and short courses being offered across the UK.
Visit www.concretecentre.com/ec2events
n Also available in the coming months are Concise Eurocode 2, Worked examples for designing concrete to
Eurocode 2 and Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and Eurocode 2.
n For more information, advice and assistance on the introduction and implementation of Eurocode 2,
visit the dedicated website, www.eurocode2.info
The Concrete Centre here with everything you need to know about Eurocode 2.

Published by The Concrete Centre

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