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KPI Optimization Process: Huwaei
KPI Optimization Process: Huwaei
EDITION1.2EFFECTIVEDATE:01January2011
KPIOptimizationProcess
Appendix3
referstopage15ofNetworkPerformanceMonitoring&OptimizationProcess
Huwaei
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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a. Low Coverage Areas (Try to reduce low coverage patches with physical
optimization; New sites)
b. Interference/ Bad quality/ UL-DL Imbalance;
c. Check the states for TRx on which SDCCH is configured can be issue of TRx
also; Change TRx if you found random behavior of TRx.
9. After all rectification observe the subsequent days report if you still find the problem
repeat the same process with due care to Pin Point the actual cause.
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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FishbonediagramfortherootcauseanalysishighSDCCHcongestionrate
FishbonediagramfortherootcauseanalysisforhighSDCCHdroprate
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6. Check for Hardware Issues (Ex. BTS sensitivity has very crucial role to play here)
7. Check for Uplink Interference and quality.
8. Check for UL-DL imbalance and correct if any problem.
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9. After the activity check the subsequent days report and repeat the procedure for pin
pointing the actual cause.
FishBonediagramfortherootcauseanalysisofpoorRandomAccessSuccess
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A & B in above Flow chart are measurement Points for TCH Assignment Failures...
5. As per the Above Process If you have already used Re-Assignment, Directed Retry
and Queuing features and still you are having issue with TCH Congestion (No Idle
TCH)... Try to Decrease Half Rate Triggering Thresholds...
6. Ex. Below Parameters for Huawei System
TCH Busy Traffic Threshold (%)
AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed
AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold
7. Check for discrepancies with Parameter Configuration and set as per Standard Parameters
set available.
8. If you find Issue is not with High Traffic and Congestion... Check Hardware Issue (Ex.
BTS/BSC/MSC hardware / UL-DL Imbalance due to VSWR) resolve if you find any.
9. Transmission Issues at A-bis/A-ter/A links
10. If Hardware is Ok check for Bad RF Environment... (Very low Coverage, High
Interference, Bad Quality, Call from Distant Place (TA).
11. Follow below Process for Above Points... You can check the counters Report for Pin
pointing the actual cause. (Ex. Assignment Per Cell Report from M2000)
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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12. Correct the affected area (Ex. If call is getting originated from High TA and getting failed
due improper strength ; Optimize the Site Coverage with Physical Optimization) and
check the subsequent days Report; If you still find the issue follow the same flow right
from the starting with due care to PIN Point the Actual cause..
Interference ---:
Co-channel
Adjacent channel
External
Multipath
Noise
Mean Opinion Score (MOS) : ITU standard for estimating speech quality
1) Physical optimization
2) New cell dependency
3) Overshooting
4) Neighbor list tuning
5) BCCH tuning (Freq plan)
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From M22000 extract Rx Quality measuremennt distributioon Counters to know Trxx cell wise Rx
Quality.
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Handover Process:
The GSM handover process uses a mobile assisted technique for accurate and fast
handovers, in order to:
The BSS measures the uplink performance for the MS being served and also assesses
the signal strength of interference on its idle traffic channels.
When the MS is engaged in a speech conversation, a portion of the TDMA frame is idle
while the rest of the frame is used for uplink (BTS receive) and downlink (BTS transmit)
timeslots.
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During the idle time period of the frame, the MS changes radio channel frequency and
monitors and measures the signal level of the six best neighbor cells.
Measurements which feed the handover decision algorithm are made at both ends of the
radio link.
Classification By Reason:
Emergency HO
Interference emergency HO
load HO
Normal HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
Fishbonediagramfortherootcauseanalysisforhighhandoverfailurerate
1. Degradation of the links (Uplink and Downlink): either degradation of Signal Strength
which falls near or lower than the sensitivity of the base station (around to -110 dBm) or
that of the mobile (around -104dBm) or degradation of quality of the links (Uplink and
Downlink) often due to interference.
2. Excess TA (TA>63 or excess path imbalance due to high TA).
3. Other Reasons.
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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Im m A s s i g n m e n t Im m A s s i g n m e n t
S e rvic e R e q u e s t S e rvic e R e q u e s t
S ig n a llin g S D C C H S ig n a llin g
: :
S ig n a llin g S peech
TCH
R LT = 0 ; D R O P S R LT = 0 ; D R O P S
SDCCH DROP ! TCH DROP !
3 S D C C H / TC H
H a n d o ve r C o m m a n d
H and A ccess
H a n d o ve r F a ilu re
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8.3.1 Fish bone diagram for the root cause analysis for high TCH Drop Rate
E x te r n a l In te r fe r e n c e L o w S ig n a l S tr e n g th D L L o w S ig n a l S tr e n g th U L
T C H D ro p R a te
Figure 1: Fish bone diagram for the root cause analysis for high TCH Drop Rate
TC H D rop R ate
A ssignm ent to another cell H andover Failures P ow er C ontrol S udden L ost C on nection
Figure 2: Fish bone diagram for the root cause analysis for high TCH Drop Rate
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1. Identify the Failure reasons count for each internal failure reason.
2. Check detailed explanation of cause values those contributing the major factor.
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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PSR = ( CC service first paging response number + CC service repeat paging response number+
SMS service first paging response number + SMS service repeat paging response number) / (CC
service first send paging number + SMS service first send paging number)*100
3 . In c o rre c t M S C P a ra m e te rs 1 . In c o rre c t C e ll P a ra m e te rs
P o o r P a g in g S u c c R a te
5 . P o o r P a g in g S tra te g y 4. Poor R F 2 . E x c e s s p a g in g D is c a rd s
10. ABIS , A interface fluctuations, Errors 8. incorrect LAC Dimension 6. SDCCH Congestion
11. decrease signalling load on CCCH 9. ABIS , A interface Congestion 7. Combined BCCH
Definition: Temporary Block Flow (TBF) is a physical connection used by the two Radio
Resource entities to support the unidirectional transfer of PDUs on packet data physical
channels. The TBF is allocated radio resource on one or more PDCHs and comprises a number
of RLC/MAC blocks carrying one or more LLC PDU. TBF Success Rate is when during a
data session, TBFs are successfully established on UL and DL.
a. Check The Static and Dynamic PDCH definition from BSC Configuration data)
b. If you find Zero Static or Dynamic PDCH, define the same.
c. If PDCH definition is sufficient as per the guidelines, then check whether the TBF
requests are high. If requests are high, then we need to define more PDCHs in the
cell. But before defining more PDCHs, check whether the Voice Utilization is not
high and there is no TCH Congestion in the cell..
a. Low Coverage Areas (Try to reduce low coverage patches with physical
optimization; New sites)
b. Interference/ Bad quality/ UL-DL Imbalance;
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c. Check the states for TRx on which PDCH is configured can be issue of TRx also;
Change TRx if you found random behavior of TRx.
After all rectification observe the subsequent days report if you still find the problem repeat the
same process with due care to Pin Point the actual cause.
a. Check The Static and Dynamic PDCH definition from BSC Configuration data)
b. If you find Zero Static or Dynamic PDCH, define the same.
c. If PDCH definition is sufficient as per the guidelines, then check whether the TBF
requests are high. If requests are high, then we need to define more PDCHs in the
cell. But before defining more PDCHs, check whether the Voice Utilization is not
high and there is no TCH Congestion in the cell.
d. Check whether there are enough Idle TS defined at the site. If not, definition to be
done.
6. Check whether it is due to poor radio conditions/interference; check C/I. Perform a drive
test to analyze the cell in more detail.
After all rectification observe the subsequent days report if you still find the problem repeat the
same process with due care to Pin Point the actual cause.
a. Check The Static and Dynamic PDCH definition from BSC Configuration data)
b. If you find Zero Static or Dynamic PDCH, define the same.
c. If PDCH definition is sufficient as per the guidelines, then check whether the TBF
requests are high. If requests are high, then we need to define more PDCHs in the
cell. But before defining more PDCHs, check whether the Voice Utilization is not
high and there is no TCH Congestion in the cell.
d. Check the multiplexing thresholds and upgrade/downgrade reports.
5. Check whether it is due to poor radio conditions/interference; check C/I. Perform a drive
test to analyze the cell in more detail.
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After all rectification observe the subsequent days report if you still find the problem repeat the
same process with due care to Pin Point the actual cause.
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KPIOptimizationProcess
Appendix3(contd..)
referstopage15ofNetworkPerformanceMonitoring&OptimizationProcess
Alcatel&ZTE
ThedocumentcoverstheTCHAssignmentSuccessrate&SDCCHCongestionoptimizationprocessfor
Alcatel&ZTEGSMRadioNetworkstobecomplaintbyAlcatelLucentManagedSolutionsIndiaPvt.Ltd
RadioOptimizationEngineers&associatedstaff.
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Contents
1.PURPOSE.4
2.SCOPE4
3.INTRODUCTION.4
4.DEFINITION..5
4.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
4.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
5.VENDORWISECOUNTERBASEDDESCRIPTION
5.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
5.1.1ALCATELTASRDESCRIPTION
5.1.2ZTETASRDESCRIPTION
5.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
5.2.1ALCATELSDCONGDESCRIPTION
5.2.2ZTESDCONGDESCRIPTION
6.VENDORWISEROOTCAUSEANALYSIS&OPTIMIZATIONSTEPS
6.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
6.1.1ALCATELTASRANALYSIS
6.1.2ZTETASRANALYSIS
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6.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
6.2.1ALCATELSDCONGANALYSIS
6.2.2ZTESDCONGANALYSIS
7.APPENDIX
7.1SDCCHDIMENSIONING
7.1.1ALCATELSDDIMENSIONINGMETHOD
7.1.2ZTESDDIMENSIONINGMETHOD
8.OptimizationProcessforotherRadioKPIs
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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1. PURPOSE
Thisdocumentservesasaprocessguidelineforkeyperformanceindicator(KPI)
optimization such as TCH Assignment Success Rate (TASR) and SDCCH (SD)
Congestion in advanced wireless GSM 2G networks in multivendor scenario
comprisingofAlcatel(B10version)&ZTE(ZXG102.97)Radiosystems.
2. SCOPE
Thisdocumentismeantforexperiencedwireless2GGSMprofessionalsinvolved
inkeyperformanceindicator(KPI)optimizationspecificallyTCHAssignmentSuccess
Rate (TASR) and SDCCH (SD) Congestion in multivendor scenario comprising of
Alcatel(B10version)&ZTE(ZXG102.97)Radiosystems.
Also, the document targets the internal customers of ALUMS with sufficient
backgroundinGSM.
3. INTRODUCTION
Dynamic network configuration changes, operation & maintenance activities
with exponentially rising curve of subscriber density for wireless services prompts
theradioengineerstobequick&effectivetoretaintheQualityofServices(QoS)in
currentscenario.
TCH Assignment Success Rate (TASR) and SDCCH congestion are two critical
pointerstoqualityofnetworkaccessibilityduringbusyhours&nonbusyhoursfor
thesubscribers.
Ideally, cells in the network needs to be designed for 0% SDCCH congestion &
100%TASRtoensure100%errorfreesubscriberservicesinitiatedfromtheMSto
theMSC.Practically,therealtimeradioenvironment(changingclutters),highlevel
of faults/outages in network elements (MSC/BSC/TRAU/BTS) and higher subscriber
services(Voice/Data)demandsdestabilizesthedesignednetworkcapacitytoresult
indegradationofTASR&SDCCHcongestion.
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4. DEFINITION
4.1 TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
In general, TASR is defined as percentage ratio of successful TCH
Attempts to TCH Attempts over an observed period of time. It measures how
oftensetupmessagesentfromMSforMobileOriginatingCall(MOC)orMobile
TerminatingCall(MTC)issuccessfulduringTCHallocationprocedurefromMSC.
GeneralEquation:
TASR(%)=(TCHAttemptseizures/TCHAttempts)*100
GSMLayer3Equation:
TASR(%)=(No.ofAssignmentCompletemsg./AssignRequests.)*100
Figure1SuccessfulTCHAssignmentphase
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TCH
ASSIGN
MENT
PHASE
Although,TASRindicatessuccessfulTCHseizuresforMSconnectivitywith
thenetworkduringcallphase.BetterwaytoapproachTASRimprovementisto
focusonTCHAssignmentfailureratewhichisequallyimportant.
HighTCHAssignmentfailurescanbeobservedforunderreasons:
HardwarefaultsinNetworkelements(BTS/BSC/MSC)
Software&Networkconfigurationdatabasediscrepancy
LowCoveragezone
Pathlossissue
HighInterferencefrominternal/externalsources
TransmissionissuesinAbis/Aterlinks
CICmismatchesbetweenBSCMSC
BTSwiringdiagramissue
IncorrectFeature,Parameters&Timerusages
MismatchinTRXradiotimeslotsmappingonRSL
Sectorblockingduetoclutterissues
TCHCongestion
HighTrafficUtilization
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Wrongantennatypedeploymentsforrequiredclutters
Invalidcounterpegging
Incorrectcounterselectionforfailuremonitoring
Figure2TCHAssignmentfailurecausepoints
Um Abis A Ater
Legend:
Assignmentfailurecausepoint:
4.2 SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
Ingeneral,SDCCHCongestionisdefinedasthepercentageratioofSDCCH
Blocks to total SDCCH Attempts over an observed period of time. It measures
how often Mobile Station (MS) is unable to access the network for various
signaling(MM/CC)procedurestoensuresubscriberserviceestablishment.
GeneralEquation:
SDCONG(%)=(SDBlocks/SDAttempts)*100
GSMLayer3Equation:
SDCONG(%)=(ImmediateAssign.Rejects/ChannelRequired)*100
IncaseofSDCCH
Congestion,
Figure3SDCCHAssignmentphase
IMMEDIATE
ASSIGNMENT
REJECTmessage
flowsfromBTSto
MSonAGCH
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SDCCH
ASSIGN
MENT
PHASE
Various Mobility Management (MM) sublayer and Connection
Management (CM) sublayer procedures require usage of SDCCH channel
betweenMSandMSC.Someofthecommonlyobservedsignalingprocedures
onSDCCHareasunder:
NormalLocationUpdate(LU)
PeriodicRegistration
IMSIAttach/Detach
CallSetup(MOC/MTC)
SMSpointtopoint(MO/MT)
FaxSetup
Supplementaryservices(USSD)
MostoftherootcausesforSDCong%arelistedunder:
ImproperSDCCHDimensioning
Incorrectusageofavailablefeatures,parameters&timers
HighTCHUtilization
NonoptimizedLACBorders(Intercell/InterBSC/InterMSC)
ConfiguredbutoutofserviceSDCCHs
PhantomRACHs(CoBCCH/BSIC)
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Overshootingcellsinsidetheclutter
Equipmentfailure(Cell/TRE/BSC)
Increased mean hold time of SDCCH due to large no. of Layer 3
messageflowsbetweenMSMSC
LAPDcongestioninAbisinterface
SDCCHCongestioncausepointsareshowninfigureasunder:
Figure4SDCCHCongestioncausepoints
Um Abis A Ater
Legend:
SDCCHCongestioncausepoint:
SDCCHCongestioncausepointsarethelocationswhereprobableevent
failuresareobservedduetovariousreasonsmentionedabove.
5. VENDORWISECOUNTERBASEDDESCRIPTION
5.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
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5.1.1ALCATELTASRDESCRIPTION
AlcatelBSSsystem(B10)evaluatestheTASRbasedoncertainmeasurable
countersfromNPOwithbelowrelation:
TASR(%)=MC718/[MC140a(MC142e+MC142f)*100.
Also,MC142e=C142a+C142c&MC142f=C142b+C142d.
Countersincrementordecrementbasedonvariousfactorsgoverningthe
networkoperatorsettingsandrealtimeoperationalstatus.Itisimportanttobe
aware of TASR % value on cell basis to visualize the impact & validity of these
counters.
5.1.2ZTETASRDESCRIPTION
5.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
5.2.1ALCATELSDCONGDESCRIPTION
SDCONG(%)=[MC04]/[MC04+MC148]*100
5.2.2ZTESDCONGDESCRIPTION
ZTEBSSsystem(ZXG10V2.97)evaluatestheSDCONGbasedoncertain
measurablecountersfromOMCRwithbelowrelation:
SDCONG%=(C11625C11626+C11697)*100/(C11625+C11696)
6. VENDORWISEROOTCAUSEANALYSIS&OPTIMIZATIONSTEPS
6.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
6.1.1ALCATELTASRANALYSIS
Alcatel(BSS10release)TASRanalysisrequiresmonitoringoftheKPIfrom
BBHreportcirculatedfromlocal\centralMISteamondailybasisatcelllevel.
Activealarmsreport
Pathbalancereport
RTCHAssignmentreport
Quality/Levelreport
TimingAdvance(TA)report
Networkparameterchecks
ReferAppendixSampleReportssectionforscreenshot.
FlowdiagramforTASRimprovementreportchecks:
TASRCYCLE
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ActiveAlarms
PathBalance
RTCHAssign
Quality/Level
Timingadvance
N/wparameter
START
Identify&filterTASR
%fromBBHreport
foranalysis
TASR% Nofurther
Check&clear Yes No
<98.75% investigationreqd.
activealarms
CheckforTRE
Pathbal.>5dB
BSSproblem,checkAbis
withoutTMA mediastabilitywithany
CICmismatchatAter
front(GTCNAAFLCPMR)
Verifythe
Tx/Rxpath&
rectifyit
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MSC/BSC/Cell
Parameters,Timers&
Featuresauditforfine
Checkfailure tuningpurpose
phaseinRTCH
Assignreport
CheckBBH report
forTASR%value
afterproblem
GTCNAFLRR No correction
>GTCNAFLBR
Revisitthe
Yes TASR% improvement
>=98.75 cycletoSTART
Radioproblem,check
Quality/Level/TARMS
Yes
reportswithanyTCH
congestion(GTCNACGR) STOP
ActiveAlarms
PathBalance
IOI
BER(U/LD/L)
Timingadvance
N/wparameter
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START
Identify&filterTASR
%fromBBHreport
foranalysis
TASR% Nofurther
Check&clear Yes No
<98.75% investigationreqd.
activealarms
CheckRTFs
Pathloss<105
BSSproblem,checkAbis
&>115noTMA mediastabilitywithany
CICmismatchatAter
front(GTCNAAFLCPMR)
Verifythe
Tx/Rxpath&
rectifyit
MSC/BSC/Cell
Parameters,Timers&
Featuresauditforfine
tuningpurpose
CheckIOI
No
reportfor CheckBBH report
UplinkIntrf. forTASR%value
afterproblem
correction
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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Yes
Revisitthe
TASR% improvement
>=98.75 cycletoSTART
Radioproblem,check
Quality/Level/TARMS Yes
reportswithanyTCH
congestion(GTCNACGR) STOP
6.1.2ZTETASRANALYSIS
ZTE(ZXG10V2.97)TASRanalysisrequiresmonitoringoftheKPIfromBBH
reportcirculatedfromlocal\centralMISteamondailybasisatcelllevel.
Activealarmsreport
PathBalancereport
BasicMeasurementreport
TimingAdvance(TA)report
Networkparameterchecks
ReferAppendixSampleReportssectionforscreenshot.
FlowdiagramforTASRimprovementreportchecks:
TASRCYCLE
ActiveAlarms
PathBalance
IOI
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BER(U/LD/L)
Timingadvance
N/wparameter
START
Identify&filterTASR
%fromBBHreport
foranalysis
TASR% Nofurther
Check&clear Yes No
<98.75% investigationreqd.
activealarms
CheckforTRE
Pathbal.>5dB
BSSproblem,checkAbis
withoutTMA mediastabilitywithany
CICmismatchatAter
front(GTCNAAFLCPMR)
Verifythe
Tx/Rxpath&
rectifyit
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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MSC/BSC/Cell
Parameters,Timers&
Featuresauditforfine
Checkfailure tuningpurpose
phaseinRTCH
Assignreport
CheckBBH report
forTASR%value
afterproblem
GTCNAFLRR No correction
>GTCNAFLBR
Revisitthe
Yes TASR% improvement
>=98.75 cycletoSTART
Radioproblem,check
Quality/Level/TARMS
Yes
reportswithanyTCH
congestion(GTCNACGR) STOP
6.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
6.2.1ALCATELSDCONGANALYSIS
Alcatel(BSS10release)SDCONGanalysisrequiresmonitoringoftheKPI
fromBBHreportcirculatedfromlocal\centralMISteamondailybasisatcelllevel.
It is highly critical to understand the radio network configuration & spatial location of cells
basedonwhichcertainimplicationscanbemadeforhighSDCong%.
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START
Identify&filterSD
CONG%fromBBH
reportforanalysis
NoYes
CheckHWavailability
SDCONG
%!=0.00
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STOP
7.APPENDIX
7.1SDCCHDIMENSIONING
Automatic(Loadbasedincrease/decreaseofSDCCH/8)
Manual(TrafficEstimationsandCellStatistics)
AutomaticSDdimensioningisdependentonfeatureavailabilityinthesystem
althoughmostofsystemshavedynamicSDCCHconfigurationfeaturetocontrolSD
traffic in peak hours. Dynamic SDCCH feature activation is network operator
dependent & is highly recommended when flow monitoring of LAPD layer 2
messagesisavailable.
ManualSDCCHdimensioningisbasedontwofollowingmethods
TrafficEstimations:
Various Layer3 events (LU/IMSI ATTACHDETACH/Call set
up/SMS/FAX etc require average mean holding time (seconds)
basedonwhichSDCCHtrafficestimationisdone.Thismethodis
largely ignored in real networks due to varying probability of
meanholdingtimesofLayer3(MM/CM)messagesandSDtraffic
estimation.
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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CellStatistics:
Cell Statistics based SD dimensioning is highly recommended in
current real time dynamic networks due to high demand for
SDCCHresourcesandformsvalidpartofdiscussioninthemanual.
CellstatisticbasedapproachconsidersmaximumSDCCHchannel
occupancyin24hoursorpeakSDtrafficforSDdimensioningasa
critical input besides configured total SDCCH channels including
(SDCCH/4, SDCCH/8) with or without CBCH. SD carried traffic or
busy channels must be average of minimum 3 weeks to capture
cellbehavioronlongtermbasisforeffectivedimensioning.
SDCCHG.O.S(%)=*TCHG.O.S(%)
START
CheckforCounter
SD
YesNo
withmaxSDtraffic
Dimensioning
orbusychannels
reqd.
MaxSD MaxSDbusy
traffic subchannels
available available
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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NoNo
YesYes
Computechannels Checkforconfigured
frmcarriedSDtraffic &requiredSDCCH
using0.5%G.O.S
subchannelwith
fromErlangBtable 40%excessaddition
STOP
Note:8SDCCHsubchannelscorrespondtoonehardcodedSDCCH/8
7.1.1ALCATELSDDIMENSIONINGMETHOD
ReferstepsasmentionedinFlowchart5forSDdimensioning.
7.1.2ZTESDDIMENSIONINGMETHOD
ReferstepsasmentionedinFlowchart5forSDdimensioning.
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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8.OptimizationProcessforotherRadioKPIs
SDCCHDropRate
Definition:SDCCHCallDropRateindicatestheprobabilityofcalldropsthatoccurwhenMSs
occupySDCCHs.ThisKPIreflectstheseizureconditionofsignalingchannels.Ifthevalueofthis
KPIishigh,userexperienceisadverselyaffected.
SDCCHCallDropRate=CallDropsonSDCCH/SuccessfulSDCCHseizures
Causes:
30. DuetoBlindspot,lowcoveragelevel,orcrosscoverage.
31. HighVSWRduetofeedersleadstothereductioninthetransmitpowerandinthe
receiversensitivity.
32. PoortransmissionqualityandunstabletransmissionlinksovertheAbisinterface
33. Unavoidableinternetworkinterference,interferencefromrepeaters,orhighand
unavoidableintranetworkinterferencecausedbyaggressivefrequencyreuse
Interference
34. unavailableterrestrialresourcesorfaultydevices
Action:
1. ReduceCoveragehole,Blindspotsbyphysicallyoptimization.
2. BymaintainingbalancebetweenUplinkDownlinkpathbyachievinglessVSWRvalue,
propertuningofRxLevAccessMinandRachLevAccessMinParameter.
3. StableTransmissionMinimumLapDfailures
4. ProperFrequencyplantoreduceInferencelevelbyretuningfrequency,Maio,HSN,
reducingOvershooting.
5. ReshufflingofSDCCHTimeslotasperTRXefficiency.RectificationofFaultyTRXs.
6. TimerT200canbeoptimizedaspertransmissionefficiency.
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HandoverSuccessRate
Definition:Thepurposeofhandoveristoensurethecallcontinuity,improvethespeech
quality,andreducethecrossinterferenceinthenetwork,thusprovidingbetterservicesforthe
subscribers.Successratioofhandoveristheratioofthetotalnumberofsuccessfulhandovers
tothetotalnumberofhandoverrequests.
SuccessRateofHandover=SuccessfulHandovers/HandoverRequests
HSRisimpacteddueto
1. Blindspot,lowcoveragelevel,orcrosscoverage.
2. Unavoidableinterferencecanbetheinternetworkinterference,interferencefrom
repeaters,orintranetworkinterferenceresultingfromaggressivefrequencyreuse.
3. PoortransmissionqualityandunstabletransmissionlinksovertheAbisinterface
4. Faultydevices,orasynchronousclocks
5. Imbalanceddistributionoftrafficvolumeinthenetwork.Ifthenetworkiscongested
badly,thehandoverfailuresincreasebecauseofnoavailableTCHsandthehandover
successratedecreases.Thenetworkcongestiondoesnotaffectthesuccessrateofradio
handover.
Action
1. Properneighbordefinition(1sttiermandatoryand2ndtierdefinitionasperrequirement)
2. Maintainingproperfootprintbyphysicaloptimization.
3. ReducingInterferencelevelbysmoothfrequencyplan
4. Stableerrorfreetransmissionlinks
5. AvoidingPingpongHObydefiningproperHOmarginparameterwhichmaybedue
LevelorQuality.
6. ProvidingappropriatetimeframeforclearmsgorEstablishmsgbetweenBTSsbyT8
timer
7. ForintraBscHO,timetoreceivesHOcompletemsgfromBSCshouldbeoptimizedby
T3103timer
8. MaximizingtheHOcauseduetoPowerbudget.
9. Maintainingpropertrafficdistributionbyphysically,DR,queuingparameterstoavoid
HOfailureduetoneighborcellscongestion
10. Clockdriftshouldbeavoided.
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TCHCallDropRate
CallDropRatioonTCHindicatestheratioofthenumberofcalldropstothenumberof
successfulTCHseizuresaftertheBSCsuccessfullyassignsTCHstoMSs.
TCHCalldropsdueto
1. Blindspot,lowcoveragelevel,orcrosscoverage.
2. Unavoidableinterferencecanbetheinternetworkinterference,interferencefrom
repeaters,orintranetworkinterferenceresultingfromaggressivefrequencyreuse.
3. PoortransmissionqualityandunstabletransmissionlinksovertheAbisinterface
4. FaultydevicesandhighVSWR
5. IfthetargetcellinvolvedintheDirectedRetryprocedureisunderanotherBSC
6. DuringintraBschandover
7. IfpreemptionisusedinMSCthenlowerpriorityMSwillfacecalldrop.
Action
1. Cleanfrequencyplanviz.achieveminimuminterferencelevelbycleanBCCH(CO/ADJ),
MAL,MAIO,MSPlan.
2. Minimizingcoverageholesbyphysicaloptimization(Orientation,Height,E.Tilt,M.Tilt).
3. SettingRadiolinktimeoutparameterasperintersitedistanceviz.forruralsitesRLTcan
beofhighervalue.
4. SimilarforRuralsitewhereuplinkqualityispoor,RxlevAccessmin,RachAccessmin
parametercanbesetappropriately.Properbalanceshouldbemaintainedforthis
parameterelsepathimbalancewillresultandTCHdropwillincrease.TMA/TMBcanbe
plannedappropriately.
5. MinimizeAterAbisfluctuationLinkstabilityplaysveryvitalrole.
6. AterCongestionfurtherresultsinTCHcalldrops.SufficientAterargumentshouldbe
maintained.
7. PowercontrolusedforHOshouldbeproperlydesignedtoavoiddropwhereeverthere
issuddenRxLevdrop.
8. DuringHOtoneighborcellsshouldbehavingfreeTCHresourceselsecalldropmay
increase.Forthisproperhalfratethresholdsshouldbedefinedaspertrafficpattern,
decongestionofthesecellsbycapacityargument.
9. Queuinglengthshouldnotmadetoolong/short.
10. DropduetointraBscHO,congestionfreeAterargumentshouldbemaintained
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11. TimerT305andT308intervalshouldbewellenoughtoreceivetheDisconnectand
ReleasemessagefromMscandBscrespectively.
12. ProperNeighbordefinitionshouldbemaintainedsomehandoverscannotbe
performedandthuscalldrops.
13. BymaximizingPowercontrolHOsreducestheinterferenceslevel,whichfurther
reducesTCHdroprate.
14. ByDTXfeaturefurtherInterferencelevelsarereduced,reducingTCHdrop.
RACHSuccessrate
Def:Random Access Channel (RACH) is used by the MS on the uplink to request for
allocation of an SDCCH. This request from the MS on the uplink could either be as a page
response (MS being paged by the BSS in response to an incoming call) or due to user trying
to access the network to establish a call.
RACHFailurecanbedueto:
1.AGCHOverloadatBaseStation
2.RACHCollisions
3.MSoutofRange
4.PoorUplinkquality
5.BTSReceiverProblem
Action
1. Appropriateno.ofCCCHblocksshouldbedesignedasperTrafficpattern.Signalinglink
shouldbeincreasedfrom16kto32kasperrequirementtoavoidoverloading.
2. MinimumCoverageholeisfirstrequirementforgreaterRACHsuccessrate.
3. UseofDTXmodeinUplinkreducestheinterferencelevelmakinglessprobabilityfor
RACHcollision
4. Hardwarealarmlikedifferenceinuplinkanddownlinkpathbalanceheavilyimpacts
RACHsuccessrate.H/Walarmshouldbeminimized
5. Max.NoOfRetransmissionparameterallowstheMStoretransmitagainforAGCHby
notincrementingtheRACHaccessfailurecounter.
6. RACHAccessminandRACHBusyThresholdparametercanbetunedtorestricttheMS
inoutofrange.Ifthisparameterissettoahighervalue,theactualcoverageareaofthe
networkbecomessmall;ifthisparameterissettoalowervalue;alldropsarelikelyto
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occurbecauseofinvalidaccessortooweakaccesssignals,thusdecreasingthesuccess
rate.
7. Fluctuationintransmissionmediafurtherdecreasesthesuccessrate.Stablemedianeed
tobemaintained.
8. UplinkqualitycanbefurtherboostedbyTMA/TMB.
RxQuality
Samplescarriedwithin0to4Levelbysumofsamplescarriedwithin0to7Levels,istermedas
RxQualityfortheTRX/cell.
PoorSpeechQualitycouldbebaddueto
1. Coverageholes
2. NoTargetcellforHandover
3. Interference
Cochannel
Adjacentchannel
External
Multipath
Noise
4. E1fluctuationpoorFER
5. Pathbalance,VSWR,HardwareissueatBTS
6. Poorpowerbudgetthresholds
7. Halfratepenetration
8. Repeaterusedbroadband/narrow/manual
Action
1. BothUplinkandDownlinkgoodquality,properuniformcoveragepatternsare
prerequisite.
2. Cleanfrequencyplanviz.achieveminimuminterferencelevelbycleanBCCH(CO/ADJ),
MAL,MAIO,MSPlan
3. OvershootingshouldbeavoidedbyE/Mtilt,heightreductionandreorientatione.g.cells
fromhighaltitude(mountain)aretendingtoovershootevenwithmaximumtiltand
height.Sectorfacingtowardswater(sea,pond)causesreflectionandfurther
interferenceinthesurrounding.Properorientationorisolatedfrequencyplanneedto
beconsideredforthesesites.
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4. MissingneighborsfurthercausesHOduetointerference.Proper1sttierneighbor
shouldbedefined
5. PoorFERfurtherdegradesthequality,bymakingMStogotolowestcodecsupported.
ErrorfreeE1linkshouldbemaintained.
6. Differenceinuplinkanddownlinkpathcausesfurtherqualityinuplinkanddownlink
respectively.Callservedbyfaulty/alarmedtimeslot/TRXcausesqualitydegradation.
MinimumHardwarealarmsshouldbemaintained.
7. AggressiveHalfrateutilizationmakesMStouselowestEFRorAMRcodecmaximum
timesmakingsubscribertoputtheireffortstounderstandabouttheclearlyof
conversation.
8. RepeatersfrequenciesarenotupdatedautomaticwheneveranRFengg.changes
frequencyplanofservingmacrositesincemaximumrepeatersaremanuallytuned
repeaters.
9. Qualityisfoundpooreratplaceswhereexternalinterferencesarepresentviz.closeby
CDMAsites,restrictedzonesduetojammers/frequenciesusedbythem.Notchfilters
canbeproposedtoreduceCDMAfrequencyeffects.
10. TMA/TMBcanbeusedatHighwaysitestoachievegooduplinkpath.
11. MSshouldaccessnetworkwithproperuplinkanddownlinklevwhicharesetby
RxlevaccessminandRachaccesminparameter.