ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 BUILDING WITH STAAD PRO

AT SILCHAR

Prepared By

Under the supervision of

A. I. Laskar
Professor
Civil Engineering Department.
NIT Silchar

1
CO N T E N T S
Chapter Page No.
CONTENTS 2
ABSTRACT 3
1 INTRODUCTION 7
2 LOADS CONSIDERED 10
2.1 DEAD LOAD 11
2.2 IMPOSED LOAD 11
2.3 SEISMIC LOAD 11
3 WORKING WITH STAAD.Pro 14
3.1 INPUT GENERATION 15
3.2 TYPES OF STRUCTURE 15
3.3 GENERATION OF THE STRUCTURE 16
3.4 MATERIAL CONSTANTS 17
3.5 SUPPORTS 17
3.6 LOADS 18
3.7 SECTION TYPES FOR CONCRETE DESIGN 21
3.8 DESIGN PARAMETERS 21
3.9 BEAM DESIGN 21
3.10 COLUMN DESIGN 22
3.11 DESIGN OPERATIONS 23
3.12 GENERAL COMMENTS 23
3.13 POST PROCESSING FACILITIES 24
4 ANALYSIS OF G+6 RCC FRAMED BUILDING USING STAAD.Pro 25
4.1 PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF BUILDING 27
4.2 GENERATION OF MEMBER PROPERTY 28
4.3 SUPPORTS 29
4.4 MATERIALS FOR THE STRUCTURE 30
4.5 LOADING 30
5 DESIGN OF G+6 RCC FRAMED BUILDING USING STAAD.Pro 38

2
6 STAAD PRO INPUT COMMAND FILE 40
7 STAAD PRO ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS 58
8 CONCLUSION 83
REFERENCE 85

3
ABSTRACT
The principle objective of this project is to analyse and design a multi-storeyed residential building
[G + 6 (3 dimensional frame)] using STAAD Pro. The design involves load calculations manually
and analyzing the whole structure by STAAD Pro. The design methods used in STAAD-Pro
analysis are Limit State Design conforming to Indian Standard Code of Practice. STAAD.Pro
features a state-of-the-art user interface, visualization tools, powerful analysis and design engines
with advanced finite element and dynamic analysis capabilities. From model generation, analysis
and design to visualization and result verification, STAAD.Pro is the professionals choice.
We considered a 3-D RCC frame with plan dimensions of 38.39 meter in x-direction and 11.78
meter in z-direction. The y-axis consisted of G + 6 floors. The ground floor height was 2.45 meter
and rest of the 6 floors had a height of 3 meter. The structure was subjected to self weight, dead
load, live load and seismic loads under the load case details of STAAD.Pro. Seismic load
calculations were done following IS 1893-2000. The materials were specified and cross-sections
of the beam and column members were assigned. The supports at the base of the structure were
also specified as fixed. The codes of practise to be followed were also specified for design purpose
with other important details. Then STAAD.Pro was used to analyse the structure and design the
members. In the post-processing mode, after completion of the design, we can work on the
structure and study the bending moment and shear force values with the generated diagrams. We
may also check the deflection of various members under the given loading combinations. The
design of the building is dependent upon the minimum requirements as prescribed in the Indian
Standard Codes. The minimum requirements pertaining to the structural safety of buildings are
being covered by way of laying down minimum design loads which have to be assumed for dead
loads, imposed loads, and other external loads, the structure would be required to bear. Strict
conformity to loading standards recommended in this code, it is hoped, will ensure the structural
safety of the buildings which are being designed. Structure and structural elements were normally
designed by Limit State Method.

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INTRODUCTION
Our project involves analysis and design of multi-storeyed [G+6] using a very popular designing
software STAAD Pro. We have chosen STAAD Pro because of its following advantages:
easy to use interface,

conformation with the Indian Standard Codes,

versatile nature of solving any type of problem,

Accuracy of the solution.

STAAD.Pro features a state-of-the-art user interface, visualization tools, powerful analysis and
design engines with advanced finite element and dynamic analysis capabilities. From model
generation, analysis and design to visualization and result verification, STAAD.Pro is the
professionals choice for steel, concrete, timber, aluminium and cold-formed steel design of low
and high-rise buildings, culverts, petrochemical plants, tunnels, bridges, piles and much more.
STAAD.Pro consists of the following:
The STAAD.Pro Graphical User Interface: It is used to generate the model, which can then be
analyzed using the STAAD engine. After analysis and design is completed, the GUI can also be
used to view the results graphically.
The STAAD analysis and design engine: It is a general-purpose calculation engine for structural
analysis and integrated Steel, Concrete, Timber and Aluminium design. To start with we have
solved some sample problems using STAAD Pro and checked the accuracy of the results with
manual calculations. The results were to satisfaction and were accurate. In the initial phase of our
project we have done calculations regarding loadings on buildings and also considered seismic
loads. Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to study
and predicts the behaviour of structures. Structural analysis can be viewed more abstractly as a
method to drive the engineering design process or prove the soundness of a design without a
dependence on directly testing it.

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LOADS CONSIDERED
2.1 DEAD LOADS:
All permanent constructions of the structure form the dead loads. The dead load comprises of the
weights of walls, partitions floor finishes, false ceilings, false floors and the other permanent
constructions in the buildings. The dead load loads may be calculated from the dimensions of
various members and their unit weights. the unit weights of plain concrete and reinforced concrete
made with sand and gravel or crushed natural stone aggregate may be taken as 24 kN/m and 25
kN/m respectively.

2.2 IMPOSED LOADS:

Imposed load is produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building including the weight of
movable partitions, distributed and concentrated loads, load due to impact and vibration and dust
loads. Imposed loads do not include loads due to wind, seismic activity, snow, and loads imposed
due to temperature changes to which the structure will be subjected to, creep and shrinkage of the
structure, the differential settlements to which the structure may undergo.

2.3 SEISMIC LOAD:

Design Lateral Force
The design lateral force shall first be computed for the building as a whole. This design lateral
force shall then be distributed to the various floor levels. The overall design seismic force thus
obtained at each floor level shall then be distributed to individual lateral load resisting elements
depending on the floor diaphragm action.
Design Seismic Base Shear
The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear (Vb) along any principal direction shall
be determined by the following expression:
Vb = Ah W

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Where,
Ah = horizontal acceleration spectrum
W = seismic weight of all the floors
Fundamental Natural Period
The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (T,), in seconds, of all other buildings,
including moment-resisting frame buildings with brick lintel panels, may be estimated by the
empirical Expression:
T=.09H/D
Where,
h= Height of building
d= Base dimension of the building at the plinth level, in m, along the considered direction of the
lateral force.
Distribution of Design Force
Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to Different Floor Level
The design base shear (V) shall be distributed along the height of the building as per the following
expression:
Qi=Design lateral force at floor i,
Wi=Seismic weight of floor i,

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hi=Height of floor i measured from base, and n=Number of storeys in the building is the number
of levels at which the masses are located.
Distribution of Horizontal Design Lateral Force to Different Lateral Force Resisting Elements in
case of buildings whose floors are capable of providing rigid horizontal diaphragm action, the total
shear in any horizontal plane shall be distributed to the various vertical elements of lateral force
resisting system, assuming the floors to be infinitely rigid in the horizontal plane. In case of
building whose floor diaphragms can not be treated as infinitely rigid in their own plane, the lateral
shear at each floor shall be distributed to the vertical elements resisting the lateral forces,
considering the in-plane flexibility of the diagram.

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WORKING WITH STAAD.Pro:
3.1 Input Generation:
The GUI (or user) communicates with the STAAD analysis engine through the STD input file.
That input file is a text file consisting of a series of commands which are executed sequentially.
The commands contain either instructions or data pertaining to analysis and/or design. The
STAAD input file can be created through a text editor or the GUI Modeling facility. In general,
any text editor may be utilized to edit/create the STD input file. The GUI Modeling facility creates
the input file through an interactive menu-driven graphics oriented procedure.

Fig 3.1: STAAD input file

3.2 Types of Structures:
A STRUCTURE can be defined as an assemblage of elements. STAAD is capable of analyzing
and designing structures consisting of frame, plate/shell and solid elements. Almost any type of
structure can be analyzed by STAAD.
A SPACE structure, which is a three dimensional framed structure with loads applied in any plane,
is the most general.
A PLANE structure is bound by a global X-Y coordinate system with loads in the same plane.

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A TRUSS structure consists of truss members which can have only axial member forces and no
bending in the members. A FLOOR structure is a two or three dimensional structure having no
horizontal (global X or Z) movement of the structure [FX, FZ & MY are restrained at every joint].
The floor framing (in global X-Z plane) of a building is an ideal example of a FLOOR structure.
Columns can also be modeled with the floor in a FLOOR structure as long as the structure has no
horizontal loading. If there is any horizontal load, it must be analyzed as a SPACE structure.

3.3 Generation of the structure:

The structure may be generated from the input file or mentioning the co-ordinates in the GUI. The
figure below shows the GUI generation method.

Fig 3.2: generation of structure through GUI

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 Fig 3.3: 3D rendered view of structure through GUI

3.4 Material Constants:

The material constants are: modulus of elasticity (E); weight density (DEN); Poisson's ratio
(POISS); co-efficient of thermal expansion (ALPHA), Composite Damping Ratio, and beta angle
(BETA) or coordinates for any reference (REF) point.
G = 0.5 x E/ (1 + POISS) If Poisson's ratio is not provided, STAAD will assume a value for this
quantity based on the value of E. Coefficient of thermal expansion (ALPHA) is used to calculate
the expansion of the members if temperature loads are applied. The temperature unit for
temperature load and ALPHA has to be the same. E value for members must be provided or the
analysis will not be performed. Weight density (DEN) is used only when self weight of the
structure is to be taken into account. Poisson's ratio (POISS) is used to calculate the shear modulus
(commonly known as G) by the formula.
3.5 Supports:
Supports are specified as PINNED, FIXED, or FIXED with different releases (known as FIXED
BUT). A pinned support has restraints against all translational movement and none against

11
rotational movement. In other words, a pinned support will have reactions for all forces but will
resist no moments. A fixed support has restraints against all directions of movement. Translational
and rotational springs can also be specified. The springs are represented in terms of their spring
constants. A translational spring constant is defined as the force to displace a support joint one
length unit in the specified global direction. Similarly, a rotational spring constant is defined as
the force to rotate the support joint one degree around the specified global direction.
3.6 Loads:
Loads in a structure can be specified as joint load, member load, temperature load and fixed-end
member load. STAAD can also generate the self-weight of the structure and use it as uniformly
distributed member loads in analysis. Any fraction of this self weight can also be applied in any
desired direction.
Joint loads:

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Joint loads, both forces and moments, may be applied to any free joint of a structure. These loads
act in the global coordinate system of the structure. Positive forces act in the positive coordinate
directions. Any number of loads may be applied on a single joint, in which case the loads will be
additive on that joint. Member load:
Three types of member loads may be applied directly to a member of a structure. These loads are
uniformly distributed loads, concentrated loads, and linearly varying loads (including trapezoidal).
Uniform loads act on the full or partial length of a member. Concentrated loads act at any
intermediate, specified point. Linearly varying loads act over the full length of a member.
Area/floor load:
Many times a floor (bound by X-Z plane) is subjected to a uniformly distributed load. It could
require a lot of work to calculate the member load for individual members in that floor.
However, with the AREA or FLOOR LOAD command, the user can specify the area loads (unit
load per unit square area) for members. The program will calculate the tributary area for these
members and provide the proper member loads. The Area Load is used for one way distributions
and the Floor Load is used for two way distributions.
Fixed end member load:
Load effects on a member may also be specified in terms of its fixed end loads. These loads are
given in terms of the member coordinate system and the directions are opposite to the actual load
on the member. Each end of a member can have six forces: axial; shear y; shear z; torsion; moment
y, and moment z.
Load Generator Moving load, Wind & Seismic:
Load generation is the process of taking a load causing unit such as wind pressure, ground
movement or a truck on a bridge, and converting it to a form such as member load or a joint load
which can be then be used in the analysis.
Moving Load Generator:
This feature enables the user to generate moving loads on members of a structure. Moving load
system(s) consisting of concentrated loads at fixed specified distances in both directions on a plane
can be defined by the user. A user specified number of primary load cases will be subsequently
generated by the program and taken into consideration in analysis.
Seismic Load Generator:

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The STAAD seismic load generator follows the procedure of equivalent lateral load analysis. It is
assumed that the lateral loads will be exerted in X and Z directions and Y will be the direction of
the gravity loads. Thus, for a building model, Y axis will be perpendicular to the floors and point
upward (all Y joint coordinates positive). For load generation per the codes, the user is required to
provide seismic zone coefficients, importance factors, and soil characteristic parameters. Instead
of using the approximate code based formulas to estimate the building period in a certain direction,
the program calculates the period using Raleigh quotient technique. This period is then utilized to
calculate seismic coefficient C. After the base shear is calculated from the appropriate equation, it
is distributed among the various levels and roof per the specifications. The distributed base shears
are subsequently applied as lateral loads on the structure. These loads may then be utilized as
normal load cases for analysis and design.

3.7 Section Types for Concrete Design:

The following types of cross sections for concrete members can be designed.
For Beams Prismatic (Rectangular & Square) & T-shape
For Columns Prismatic (Rectangular, Square and Circular)

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ANALYSIS OF G+6 RCC FRAMED BUILDING USING STAAD.Pro

Fig 4.1: plan of the G+6 storey building

All columns along the periphery of building = 0.50m * 0.35 m
All interior Columns = 0.55m * 0.35 m
All beams except ground floor and top floor = 0.5m * 0.3 m
All beams at ground floor and top floor = 0.45m * 0.30 m
All slabs = 0.125m thick
Terracing = 0.125m thick avg.
Parapet = 0.125 m thick brickwork

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 Fig 4.2 : Elevation of G+6 building

4.1 Physical parameters of building:

Length = 38.79m
Width = 12.38m
Height = 2.45m (parking floor) + 6 storeys @ 3m = 20.45m
(1.0m parapet being non- structural for seismic purposes, is not considered of building frame
height)
Live load on the floors is 2kN/m2
Live load on the roof is 1.5kN/m2
Grade of concrete and steel used:
Used M20 concrete and Fe 500 steel

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4.2 Generation of member property:

Fig 4.3: Generation of member property

Generation of member property can be done in STAAD.Pro by using the window as shown above.
The member section is selected and the dimensions have been specified.

4.3 Supports:
The base supports of the structure were assigned as fixed. The supports were generated using the
STAAD.Pro support generator.

17
4.4 Materials for the structure:
The materials for the structure were specified as concrete with their various constants as per
standard IS code of practice.
4.5 Loading:
The loadings were calculated partially manually and rest was generated using STAAD.Pro load
generator. The loading cases were categorized as:
Self-weight
Dead load from slab and brickwall.
Live load
Seismic load
Load combinations

Self-weight
The self weight of the structure can be generated by STAAD.Pro itself with the self weight
command in the load case column.
Dead load from slab:
Dead load from slab can also be generated by STAAD.Pro by specifying the floor thickness and
the load on the floor per sq m. Calculation of the load per sq m for slab was found to be
3.125 KN/sq m + 1 KN/sq m (floor finish) = 4.125 KN/sq m.
And dead load from brickwall on beam = 7.5 KN/m.

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 Fig 4.6: input window of floor load generator

Fig 4.7: load distribution by trapezoidal method

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Seismic load:
The seismic load values were calculated as per IS 1893-2002. STAAD. Pro has a seismic load generator
in accordance with the IS code mentioned.
Description:
The seismic load generator can be used to generate lateral loads in the X and Z directions only. Y is
the direction of gravity loads. This facility has not been developed for cases where the Z axis is set to
be the vertical direction using the SET Z UP command.
Methodology:
The design base shear is computed by STAAD in accordance with the IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002.
V = Ah*W
Where, Ah = (Z*I*Sa)/ (2*R*g)
User provides seismic zone co-efficient and desired "1893(Part 1)-2002 specs" through the DEFINE
1893 LOAD command.
Staad employes following procedure to generate lateral seismic loads
Program calculates the structure period (T).
Program calculates Sa/g utilizing T.
Program calculates V from the above equation. W is obtained from the weight data provided by the
user through the DEFINE 1893 LOAD command.
The total lateral seismic load (base shear) is then distributed by the program among different levels of
the structure per the IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002 procedures.

General format:
DEFINE 1893 LOAD
ZONE f1 1893-spec
SELFWEIGHT
JOINT WEIGHT
Joint-list WEIGHT w
1893-Spec= {RF f2, I f3, SS f4, (ST f5), DM f6, (PX f7),
(PZ f8), (DT f9)}
Where,
Zone f1 = Seismic zone coefficient.
RF f2 = Response reduction factor.
I f3 = Importance factor depending upon the functional use. of the structures, characterized by
hazardous consequences of its failure, post-earthquake functional needs, historical value, or economic
importance.
SS f4 = Rock or soil sites factor (=1 for hard soil, 2 for medium soil, 3 for soft soil). Depending on
type of soil, average response acceleration coefficient Sa/g is calculated corresponding to 5% damping
ST f5 = Optional value for type of structure (=1 for RC frame building, 2 for Steel frame building, 3
for all other buildings).
DM f6 = Damping ratio to obtain multiplying factor for calculating Sa/g for different damping. If no
damping is specified 5% damping (default value 0.05) will be considered corresponding to which
multiplying factor is 1.0.
PX f7 = Optional period of structure (in sec) in X direction. If this is defined this value will be used to
calculate Sa/g for generation of seismic load along X direction.
PZ f8 = Optional period of structure (in sec) in Z direction. If this is defined this value will be used to
calculate Sa/g for generation of seismic load along Z direction.
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DT f9 = Depth of foundation below ground level. It should be defined in current unit. If the depth of
foundation is 30 m or below, the value of Ah is taken as half the value obtained. If the foundation is
placed between then ground level and 30 m depth, this value is linearly interpolated between Ah and
0.5Ah

Results from Staad for calculation of lateral seismic load is given below

Table 4.2: vertical distribution of earthquake forces to different floor levels

Total seismic load calculated by StaadPro = 43484.99 KN
Ah calculated by StaadPro = 0.09
Base shear Vb as per IS 1893 = 3913.65 KN

Lateral load (KN)

Floor Floor level
X in +ve dirn X in ve dirn Z in +ve dirn Z in ve dirn
Plinth 0.00 m 5.41 -5.41 5.41 -5.41
Ground 2.45 m 57.97 -57.97 57.97 -57.97
First 5.45 m 166.90 -166.90 166.90 -166.90
Second 8.45 m 328.37 -328.37 328.37 -328.37
Third 11.45 m 543.97 -543.97 543.97 -543.97
Fourth 14.45 m 813.70 -813.70 813.70 -813.70
Fifth 17.45 m 1137.56 -1137.56 1137.56 -1137.56
Sixth 20.45 m 859.77 -859.77 859.77 -859.77
Total = 3913.65 -3913.65 3913.65 -3913.65

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 Fig 4.12: seismic load definition

Fig 4.13: structure under seismic load in +x direction

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Load combination:
The structure has been analyzed for load combinations as mentioned below

1.5 DL + 1.5 LL
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EQ+X
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EQ-X
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EQ+Z
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EQ-Z

Un-factored load combination of 1.0 DL + 1.0 LL is considered for generating u.d.l on beams as
per Clause 6.3.3 of IS 13920:1993 revision.

Fig 4.16: GUI showing the analyzing window

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DESIGN OF G + 6 RCC FRAMED BUILDING USING
STAAD.Pro

The structure was designed for concrete in accordance with relevant IS codes. The parameters such as
clear cover, Fy, Fc, etc were specified. The window shown below is the input window for the design
purpose. Then it has to be specified which members are to be designed as beams and which member
are to be designed as columns.

Fig 5.2: RCC design specifications in STAAD.Pro

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 Fig 5.3: RCC design specifications in STAAD.Pro

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS
Analysis of G+6 building have revealed that the structure is weaker in Z (shorter ) direction
compared to X (longer) direction which is quite evident from plan of the building. Some of the
sample analysis and design of beams and columns are shown below.

Beam No. 322 which is located at first floor in Z direction

Fig 7.1: Geometry of beam no. 322

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 Fig 7.3: Shear bending of beam no. 322 under load combination 1.2(DL+LL+EQ+Z)

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 Fig 7.4: Shear bending of beam no. 322 under load combination 1.2(DL+LL+EQ-Z)

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 Fig 7.5: Deflection of beam no. 322 under load combination 1.5DL+1.5LL

7.1 B E A M N O. 322 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

EUDL CONSIDERED ON MEMBER # 322 IS 29.22 N/MM.

=====================================================================
B E A M N O. 322 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe500 (Main) Fe500 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 3650.0 mm SIZE: 300.0 mm X 500.0 mm COVER: 25.0 mm

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DESIGN LOAD SUMMARY (KN MET)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION |FLEXURE (Maxm. Sagging/Hogging moments)| SHEAR
(in mm) | P MZ MX Load Case | VY MX Load Case
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.0 | 0.00 189.15 0.16 12 | 162.20 -0.04 13
| 0.00 -252.70 -0.04 13 |
304.2 | 0.00 169.49 0.16 12 | 157.43 -0.04 13
| 0.00 -204.03 -0.04 13 |
608.3 | 0.00 148.19 0.16 12 | 151.19 -0.04 13
| 0.00 -157.02 -0.04 13 |
912.5 | 0.00 124.82 0.16 12 | 143.63 -0.04 13
| 0.00 -112.06 -0.04 13 |
1216.7 | 0.00 99.03 0.16 12 | 136.37 -0.04 13
| 0.00 -69.54 -0.04 13 |
1520.8 | 0.00 70.32 0.16 12 | 123.92 -0.04 13
| 0.00 -29.92 -0.04 13 |
1825.0 | 0.00 38.31 0.16 12 | 113.84 -0.04 13
| 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 |
2129.2 | 0.00 39.33 -0.04 13 | -120.85 0.16 12
| 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 |
2433.3 | 0.00 68.97 -0.04 13 | -133.31 0.16 12
| 0.00 -35.75 0.16 12 |
2737.5 | 0.00 95.69 -0.04 13 | -140.57 0.16 12
| 0.00 -77.35 0.16 12 |
3041.7 | 0.00 119.99 -0.04 13 | -148.13 0.16 12
| 0.00 -121.37 0.16 12 |
3345.8 | 0.00 142.23 -0.04 13 | -154.37 0.16 12
| 0.00 -167.46 0.16 12 |
3650.0 | 0.00 162.81 -0.04 13 | -159.14 0.16 12
| 0.00 -215.19 0.16 12 |
*** DESIGN SHEAR FORCE AT SECTION 0.0 IS 308.90 KN.
- CLAUSE 6.3.3 OF IS-13920
*** DESIGN SHEAR FORCE AT SECTION 3650.0 IS 342.14 KN.
- CLAUSE 6.3.3 OF IS-13920
Note :

MOMENT OF RESISTANCE IS CALCULATED BASED ON THE AREA OF STEEL

PROVIDED.
IF AREA OF STEEL PROVIDED IS MUCH HIGHER COMPARED TO AREA OF STEEL
REQUIRED MOMENT OF RESISTANCE WILL INCREASE WHICH MAY INCREASE
DESIGN
SHEAR FORCE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

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STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 492

0.0 | 1479.61/1570.80( 5-20 )| 1139.06/1206.37( 6-16 )| 8 @ 110 mm

304.2 | 1220.63/1256.64( 4-20 )| 1024.18/1206.37( 6-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
608.3 | 934.15/ 942.48( 3-20 )| 865.44/1005.31( 5-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
912.5 | 624.93/ 942.48( 3-20 )| 705.22/ 804.25( 4-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
1216.7 | 369.90/ 942.48( 3-20 )| 541.58/ 603.19( 3-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
1520.8 | 369.90/ 942.48( 3-20 )| 372.46/ 603.19( 3-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
1825.0 | 369.90/ 942.48( 3-20 )| 369.90/ 603.19( 3-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
2129.2 | 369.90/ 942.48( 3-20 )| 369.90/ 603.19( 3-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
2433.3 | 369.90/ 942.48( 3-20 )| 369.90/ 603.19( 3-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
2737.5 | 414.81/ 942.48( 3-20 )| 520.11/ 603.19( 3-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
3041.7 | 686.47/ 942.48( 3-20 )| 672.34/ 804.25( 4-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
3345.8 | 1015.20/1256.64( 4-20 )| 821.96/1005.31( 5-16 )| 8 @ 170 mm
3650.0 | 1281.04/1570.80( 5-20 )| 971.43/1005.31( 5-16 )| 8 @ 110 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT DISTANCE d (EFFECTIVE DEPTH) FROM FACE OF THE
SUPPORT

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 640.0 mm AWAY FROM START SUPPORT

VY = 150.40 MX = -0.04 LD= 13
Provide 2 Legged 8 @ 170 mm c/c

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 640.0 mm AWAY FROM END SUPPORT

VY = -147.07 MX = 0.16 LD= 12
Provide 2 Legged 8 @ 170 mm c/c

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 Fig 7.5: Concrete design of beam no. 322

7.2 C O L U M N N O. 136 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

=====================================================================

C O L U M N N O. 136 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe500 (Main) Fe500 (Sec.)

32
 LENGTH: 2450.0 mm CROSS SECTION: 350.0 mm X 500.0 mm COVER: 40.0 mm

** GUIDING LOAD CASE: 13 END JOINT: 8 SHORT COLUMN

DESIGN FORCES (KNS-MET)

-----------------------
DESIGN AXIAL FORCE (Pu) : 1556.6

SLENDERNESS RATIOS : - -
MOMENTS DUE TO SLENDERNESS EFFECT : - -
MOMENT REDUCTION FACTORS : - -
ADDITION MOMENTS (Maz and May) : - -

TOTAL DESIGN MOMENTS : 33.57 114.34

** GUIDING LOAD CASE: 13

Along Z Along Y
DESIGN SHEAR FORCES : 82.41 7.03
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 1334

REQD. STEEL AREA : 2931.81 Sq.mm.

REQD. CONCRETE AREA: 172068.19 Sq.mm.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT : Provide 16 - 16 dia. (1.84%, 3216.99 Sq.mm.)
(Equally distributed)
CONFINING REINFORCEMENT : Provide 10 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 85 mm c/c
over a length 500.0 mm from each joint face towards
midspan as per Cl. 7.4.6 of IS-13920.
4 number overlapping hoop along with crossties
are provided along Y direction.
(Clause 7.3.2 of IS-13920)
TIE REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 175 mm c/c

SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED (KNS-MET)

----------------------------------------------------------
Puz : 2648.04 Muz1 : 186.97 Muy1 : 121.03

INTERACTION RATIO: 0.97 (as per Cl. 39.6, IS456:2000)

SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT PROVIDED (KNS-MET)

----------------------------------------------------------
WORST LOAD CASE: 13
END JOINT: 8 Puz : 2752.42 Muz : 203.21 Muy : 130.23 IR: 0.87

=====================================================================

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 Fig 7.6: Concrete design of column no. 136

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POST PROCESSING MODE
Staad Pro window of Post Processing mode is given below

Fig 8.1: post processing mode in STAAD.Pro

35
 Fig 8.2: bending in Z for load combination 1.5DL + 1.5 LL

Fig 8.3: graph for shear force and bending moment for a beam under (1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2EQ+X)

36
The above figure shows that the bending moment and the shear force can be studied from the graphs
generated by STAAD.Pro. The whole structure is shown in the screen and we may select any member
and at the right side we will get the BMD and SFD for that member. The above figure shows the
diagrams for a column.

Fig 8.4: Graph for shear force and bending moment for column in post processing mode

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CONCLUSION
STAAD PRO has the capability to calculate the reinforcement needed for any concrete section. The
program contains a number of parameters which are designed as per IS: 13920. Beams are designed
for flexure, shear and torsion.
Design for Flexure:
Maximum sagging (creating tensile stress at the bottom face of the beam) and hogging (creating tensile
stress at the top face) moments are calculated for all active load cases at each of the above mentioned
sections. Each of these sections are designed to resist both of these critical sagging and hogging
moments. Where ever the rectangular section is inadequate as singly reinforced section, doubly
reinforced section is tried.
Design for Shear:
Shear reinforcement is calculated to resist both shear forces and torsional moments. Shear capacity
calculation at different sections without the shear reinforcement is based on the actual tensile
reinforcement provided by STAAD program. Two-legged stirrups are provided to take care of the
balance shear forces acting on these sections.
Beam Design Output:
The default design output of the beam contains flexural and shear reinforcement provided along the
length of the beam.
Column Design:
Columns are designed for axial forces and biaxial moments at the ends. All active load cases are tested
to calculate reinforcement. The loading which yield maximum reinforcement is called the critical load.
Column design is done for square section. Square columns are designed with reinforcement distributed
on each side equally for the sections under biaxial moments and with reinforcement distributed equally
in two faces for sections under uni-axial moment. All major criteria for selecting longitudinal and
transverse reinforcement as stipulated by IS: 13920 have been taken care of in the column design of
STAAD.

38
REFERENCE
Dr. S.R. Karve & Dr. V.L. Shah - Illustrated design of Reinforced concrete
Buildings

N. Krishna Raju - Advanced Reinforced Concrete design

STAAD Pro 2004 Getting started & tutorials

- Published by: R .E. I.

STAAD Pro 2004 Technical reference manual

- Published by: R.E.I.

IS 456 - BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
IS 1893-2000 - BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
IS 1893-2002 - BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

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