Vietnam J.Agri.Sci. 2016, Vol. 14, No.

5: 824-832 Tp ch KH Nng nghip Vit Nam 2016, tp 14, s 5: 824-832

www.vnua.edu.vn

NGHIN CU C CH HOT NG CA M HNH BO HIM

CHO CHN NUI B SA CA CNG TY C PHN GING B SA MC CHU
Nguyn Mu Dng*, L Kim Oanh

Khoa Kinh t v Pht trin nng thn, Hc vin Nng nghip Vit Nam

Email*: maudung@vnua.edu.vn

Ngy nhn bi: 08.10.2015 Ngy chp nhn: 01.04.2016

TM TT

Nghin cu ny c thc hin nhm tm hiu c ch hot ng ca m hnh bo him cho chn nui b sa
ca Cng ty c phn ging b sa Mc Chu. Bn cnh ngun s liu th cp, 96 h chn nui b sa tham gia m
hnh bo him ca cng ty c phng vn thu thp cc s liu cn thit phc v cho qu trnh nghin cu. Kt
qu nghin cu cho thy m hnh bo him nng nghip cho chn nui b sa ca Cng ty hin thu ht s tham
gia ca hn 500 h chn nui b sa trong vng vi 9.411 con b sa c mua bo him. S thnh cng ca
m hnh bo him ny xut pht t c ch hot ng ca m hnh c xy dng da trn s tham gia ng gp
kin ca chnh cc h chn nui b sa, t yu cu cht ch v i tng c tham gia mua bo him, t hot
ng h tr k thut v ti chnh ca cng ty cho cc h tham gia bo him, t hnh thc n b linh hot v t cng
tc gim nh khi xy ra ri ro mt cch khch quan, chnh xc. y l nhng bi hc kinh nghim quan trng cho
vic thit k cc chng trnh bo him nng nghip, c bit l bo him cho vt nui trong tng lai.
T kha: Bo him nng nghip, b sa, chn nui, c ch.

A Study on Operational Mechanism of the Insurance Model for Dairy Cow Farming
in Moc Chau Dairy Cattle Breeding Joint Stock Company

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate the operational mechanism of the insurance model for dairy cow
farming in Moc Chau Dairy Cattle Breeding Joint Stock Company. In addition to the secondary data, 96 dairy cow
farm households who participated the insurance model of the company were selected for direct interviews. The study
results show that the insurance model for dairy cows in the company attracted the participation of more than 500
dairy cow farming households with a total of 9411 cows. The success of this insurance model was derived from its
relevant mechanism based on the consulative opinions of dairy farmers, close requirements for becoming insured,
technical and financial supports by the company, flexible compensation schemes, and transparent and corect risk
assessment. These are the valuable lessons for designing agriculural insurance progarm, especially animal
insurance program in Vietnam in the coming time.
Keywords: Agricultural insurance, animal husbandry, dairy cows, scheme.

kinh t ca nhiu h gia nh trn a bn

1. T VN
Mc Chu l cao nguyn ln tri di khong
80km, rng 25km vi 1.600ha ng c rt thun
li cho pht trin chn nui gia sc, c bit l
chn nui b sa (CNBS). CNBS v ang
ng vai tr ht sc quan trng trong pht trin
huyn Mc Chu. Vi quy m n b t 14.608
con tp trung ch yu quanh Cng ty c phn
ging b sa (CTCPGBS) Mc Chu, ngnh
CNBS to vic lm v thu nhp n nh cho
khong 1.600 lao ng trong vng (c Hin,
2014). Tuy nhin, ri ro v dch bnh v v th

824

trng trong CNBS gy khng t kh khn
cho cc h CNBS v l mt trong nhng nguyn
nhn chnh cn tr s pht trin n b sa ca
cc h trong vng. Nhm gip cc h nng dn
yn tm pht trin n b sa ca mnh, t
nm 2004 CTCPGBS Mc Chu xy dng m
hnh bo him (MHBH) nng nghip cho CNBS.
MHBH cho CNBS ca cng ty thu ht s
tham gia ca ng o cc h CNBS trn a
bn huyn v hin c coi l MHBH cho vt
nui thnh cng Vit Nam (Tho Nguyn,
2014). S thnh cng ca MHBH b sa ny l
do c ch hot ng ph hp, bao gm cch xc
nh i tng tham gia bo him, phng thc
h tr i vi nhng h CNBS tham gia bo
him, cch thc xc nh ri ro v bi thng
thit hi khi c ri ro xy ra (Thanh Nguyn,
2011). Trong bi cnh cc MHBH nng nghip
th im c trin khai theo quyt nh s
315/Q-TTg ca Th tng chnh ph ang gp
nhiu kh khn th s thnh cng ca MHBH
cho CNBS CTCPGBS Mc Chu v ang
nhn c s quan tm ca nhiu nh nghin
cu cng nh ca cc n v c lin quan, c
bit trong vic thit k, xy dng c ch hot
ng ca MHBH. Chnh v vy mc ch ca
nghin cu ny l tm hiu c ch hot ng ca
MHBH cho CNBS ca CTCPGBS Mc Chu, t
rt ra nhng bi hc kinh nghim cho vic
trin khai thc hin cc MHBH cho vt nui
trong thi gian ti.
2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
S liu th cp v tnh hnh CNBS, tnh
hnh tham gia MHBH, kt qu hot ng ca
MHBH cho CNBS ca cng ty... c thu thp
t cc bo co ca phng Nng nghip v PTNT
huyn Mc Chu, t cc bo co tng kt hng
nm ca CTCPGBS Mc Chu. S liu s cp
c thu thp thng qua vic iu tra phng
vn h chn nui b sa 10 n v chn nui
ca Cng ty v t cc cn b l thnh vin ca
Qu bo him ca cng ty vo nm 2014. Theo
cng thc c tnh s mu n = N/(1+N.e2) ca
Nguyn Mu Dng, L Kim Oanh
Yamane (1967) vi s h tham gia bo him l
512 h th s lng mu 84 h c th m bo
tnh i din mc tin cy l 90%. Do cng
ty c 10 n vi chn nui khc nhau nn nghin
cu chn ngu nhin 9 - 10 h c tham gia
bo him/n v chn nui tin hnh iu
tra. Do vy tng s h chn nui c iu tra l
96 h. Cc ni dung iu tra ch yu bao gm
tnh hnh CNBS ca h, tnh hnh tham gia bo
him cho CNBS, kin nh gi ca h v c
ch hot ng ca MHBH Phng php thng
k m t, phng php phn tch so snh l
nhng phng php ch yu c s dng trong
qu trnh nghin cu.
3. KT QU NGHIN CU
3.1. Khi qut v tnh hnh CNBS trn a
bn huyn Mc Chu
Mc Chu c iu kin t nhin rt thun
li cho vic pht trin chn nui gia sc, c
bit l CNBS. CNBS xut hin trn a bn
huyn, tp trung ch yu CTCPGBS Mc chu
(tin thn l Nng trng b sa Mc Chu) t
hn na th k v Mc Chu tr thnh a
phng CNBS ni ting min Bc. Thng
hiu sa Mc Chu ngy cng c ngi tiu
dng c nc bit n v la chn tiu dng
hng ngy. Nm 2011, thng hiu sa Mc
Chu t danh hiu Hng Vit Nam cht
lng cao do ngi tiu dng bnh chn.
S liu trong bng 1 cho thy quy m n
b sa trn a bn huyn Mc Chu tng kh
nhanh trong 3 nm 2011-2013 vi tc tng
bnh qun t 32,6 %/nm. Bn cnh nng
sut cho sa bnh qun cng lin tc tng (3,5%
nm) nn tng sn lng sa cng tng nhanh
(tng bnh qun 26,9 %/nm). Cng vi gi bn
sa trong cc nm qua u tng nn tng gi tr
sn phm sa trn a bn huyn tng t
401,4 t ng nm 2011 ln 724,8 t ng trong
nm 2013. y thc s l giai on pht trin
nhanh ca ngnh CNBS, gp phn ng k vo
to vic lm, tng thu nhp v pht trin kinh
t ca cc h gia nh trn a bn huyn.
825
Nghin cu c ch hot ng ca m hnh bo him cho chn nui b sa ca Cng ty c phn ging b sa
Mc Chu
3.2. C ch hot ng ca MHBH cho CNBS
ca CTCPGBS Mc Chu
3.2.1. Khi qut v MHBH cho CNBS ca
cng ty
CTCPGBS Mc Chu (trc thuc thuc
Tng Cng ty chn nui Vit Nam - B Nng
nghip & PTNT), c tr s chnh nm th trn
Nng trng Mc Chu vi chc nng hot ng
l CNBS, nhn ging, sn xut ch bin sa v
cc sn phm t sa. Tin thn ca cng ty l
Nng trng b sa Mc Chu cho nn a s cc
ch h CNBS hin nay u l cng nhn ca
nng trng b sa Mc Chu trc kia. n
nh tnh hnh sn xut, ch bin v kinh doanh
sn phm sa ca cng ty ng thi gp phn
gim thiu ri ro cho cc h CNBS trn a bn,
t nm 2004 cng ty xy dng MHBH cho
CNBS. Hin nay, MHBH cho CNBS ca cng ty
bao gm hai loi l bo him vt nui (b
sa) v bo him gi sa. Trong MHBH ny, bn
cung cp dch v bo him l CTCPGBS Mc
Chu (i din l Ban qun l qu bo him)
nhn cc khon ph ng gp tham gia bo him
t cc h CNBS v c trch nhim thc hin chi
tr, bi thng cho bn tham gia bo him khi
pht sinh ri ro cng nh c trch nhim qun
l, u t cho Qu bo him pht trin. Bn
mua bo him (l cc h CNBS) c trch nhim
ng gp ph bo him theo quy nh.
S liu trong bng 2 cho thy s b, b c
mua bo him lin tc tng ln, t 9411 con
vo nm 2013 vi doanh thu bo him vt nui
t 4,3 t ng. Tuy nhin s lng b, b c
c bi thng v tng chi ph bi thng cng
Bng 1. Kt qu CNBS trn a bn huyn Mc Chu
Ch tiu Nm 2011 Nm 2012
S b sa (con) 8319
NSBQ (kg/con/ngy) 19,5
Sn lng (tn) 34600 46720
Gi sa BQ (1000/kg) 11,6
Gi tr sa (t ng) 401,4 588,7
Ngun: CTCPGBS Mc Chu, 2014a
826
lin tc tng ln trong 3 nm (2011-2013) nn
doanh thu t qu bo him vt nui khng
chi tr bi thng cho b b b cht hoc thi
loi. Khon thm ht ny c h tr bi qu d
phng ca cng ty. Doanh thu t bo him gi
sa t 3,1 t ng trong nm 2013. Tuy nhin
trong nhng nm gn y do gi sa tng i
n nh nn qu bo him gi sa cha phi chi
tr bi thng. Tng tin qu bo him gi sa
ca cng ty t 16,8 t ng vo nm 2013.
3.2.2. C ch hot ng ca MHBH cho
CNBS ca cng ty CPGBS Mc Chu
a. C cu t chc ca Ban qun l qu bo him
Ban qun l qu bo him i din cho cng
ty qun l qu bo him cho CNBS ca cng ty.
Ban qun l qu bo him do cc h chn nui
tham gia mua bo him bu ra, nhim k ca
Ban qun l qu l 5 nm. Ban qun l qu c
13 thnh vin, bao gm 1 trng ban, 1 k ton,
1 cn b th v 10 qun tr khu vc i din
cho h chn nui 10 khu vc CNBS ca Cng
ty. Cc qun tr khu vc ny do cc h chn
nui tng khu vc bu ra v c trch nhim
gim st hot ng chn nui cng nh tnh
trng m au, cht, loi thi ca n b sa ca
cc cc h chn nui thuc khu vc mnh qun
l. Trng ban iu hnh, chu trch nhim
ton b mi hot ng v t chc qun l nhm
t c mc tiu ca Qu ra. Trng ban
cng l ngi thay mt ban iu hnh k cc
quyt nh, vn bn, s sch, chng t trong
qu trnh hot ng, ng thi chu trch nhim
k hp ng BH i vi cc h chn nui theo
ng quy nh.
Tc pht trin (%)
Nm 2013
2012/2011 2013/2012 Bnh qun/nm
10211 14618 122,7 143,2 132,6
20,6 20,9 105,6 101,5 103,5
55757 135,0 119,3 126,9
12,6 13,0 108,6 103,2 105,9
724,8 146,7 123,1 134,4
 Nguyn Mu Dng, L Kim Oanh

Bng 2. Khi qut kt qu hot ng ca MHBH cho CNBS

ca cng ty CPCPGBS Mc Chu
Ch tiu VT 2011 2012 2013
Qu BH Tng s b, b c mua BH Con 6.143 7.419 9.411
vt nui
Doanh thu BH vt nui Tr. 2.986 3.679 4.349
Doanh thu khc Tr. 450 660 820
Tng doanh thu Tr. 3.436 4.339 5.169
S b, b cht, thi Con 603 790 935
S b, b c bi thng BH Con 538 693 825
Tng chi bi thng Tr. 3.769 4.709 5.571
Qu BH Doanh thu BH gi sa Tr. 1.730 2.336 3.120
gi sa
Nm trc chuyn sang Tr. 9.680 11.410 13.746
Tng doanh thu Tr. 11.410 13.746 16.866
Tng chi bi thng Tr. 0 0 0

Ngun: CTCPGBS Mc Chu, 2014a

b. Xc nh i tng tham gia bo him b. Tuy nhin vn cn ti 11,5%, 6,2% v 3,1%

Qu bo him cho CNBS l do Cng ty lp s h cha p ng c yu cu v chung tri,
ra gim nh ri ro cho h chn nui trong quy trnh k thut chn nui v ch dinh
cng ty, vi mc ch khuyn khch v to iu dng khi bt u tham gia mua bo him cho
kin cho h chn nui yn tm u t vo sn n b ca mnh (Bng 3).
xut. Do vy i tng tham gia bo him ch Khi h c xc nh p ng cc
yu l cc h CNBS ca cng ty, c cng ty iu kin th hai bn s k kt hp ng bo
kim sot v t ai v nhng h cam kt k him. Hp ng bo him c ban iu hnh
hp ng bn sa nguyn liu cho cng ty. qu bo him xy dng v a ra ly kin
Tuy vy, trc khi k hp ng bo him, ca cc h chn nui. Trong , bn A l
Ban qun l qu bo him s c mt on nh CTCPGBS Mc Chu, bn B l ch h chn
gi n kim tra thc t tnh hnh CNBS ca h nui. Trong hp ng bo him quy nh r
nh iu kin chung tri (phi m bo cc trch nhim ca cc bn tham gia, iu kin
yu cu k thut c sn chi, c khu x l phn chi tr bo him, thi gian thc hin hp ng
thi), ch dinh dng (4 gam tinh bt/kg sa, v x l vi phm hp ng. Hp ng bo him
ung 40-50 lt nc/ngy, b sung m v nng thng c thi hn 1 nm, hp ng c k
lng trong ma kh), quy trnh k thut, nng kt ln u khi h chn nui bt u tham gia
lc chn nui v tnh trng sc khe ca n b. bo him v nhng ln sau c k vo thng
Cc h p ng c cc tiu ch t ra ca qu 1 hng nm. H chn nui c th tham gia mt
BH mi c tham gia mua bo him cho n b hoc c hai hnh thc bo him l bo him vt
ca mnh. i vi nhng h cha t tiu nui v bo him gi sa.
chun, qu bo him s yu cu h chn nui Mc ph bo him cho tng loi b l khc
sa cha chung tri, thay i ch dinh nhau v c iu chnh tng ln trong nm 2011
dng, p dng quy trnh k thut theo hng so vi nm 2010. Mc bi thng trong trng
dn sau s tin hnh kim tra li cho n hp b ci sinh sn cht trong nm 2012 v
khi h p ng yu cu mi c tham gia 2013 l 12 triu ng/con, cao gp 20 ln mc
mua bo him cho n b. S liu iu tra cho ph bo him, cho b ci sinh sn b thi loi l
thy 100% h u p ng c cc tiu chun 8 triu ng/con (gp 13 ln mc ph bo him).
t ra v nng lc chn nui, v sc khe n i vi bo him gi sa, mi h s ng 50

827
Nghin cu c ch hot ng ca m hnh bo him cho chn nui b sa ca Cng ty c phn ging b sa
Mc Chu

Bng 3. nh gi hin trng trc khi tham gia BH ca nhm h iu tra

Yu cu (n = 96)
Ch tiu
Chung tri Ch dinh dng Quy trnh k thut Sc khe n b Nng lc chn nui
S h t tiu ch (h) 85 93 90 96 96
T l h t tiu ch (%) 88,5 96,9 93,8 100 100
T l h khng t (%) 11,5 3,1 6,2 0,0 0,0

Ngun: S liu iu tra, 2014

Bng 4. Mc ph BH v mc c bi thng trong hp ng BH (triu ng)

Mc bi thng
Mc ng ph BH Mc bi thng khi b cht
Chng loi khi b thi loi
2010 2011 2012- 2013 2010 2011 2012-2013 2010 2011 2012-2013
B ci sinh sn 0,5 0,6 0,6 8 10 12 5 7 8
B ci t 0,4 0,4 0,4 6 6 7 4 4 5
B 0,2 0,2 0,2 2,5 2,5 3 1,5 1,5 2

Ngun: CTCPGBS Mc Chu, 2014b

ng/kg sa ti bn cho cng ty. Trong trng ro xy ra th h chn nui cn c hng h tr

hp gi sa trn th trng gim 25-30% th qu
bo him ca cng ty s chi tr bng 60% gi
chnh lch. Mc ph bo him v mc bi
thng c iu chnh hng nm da theo
kin tho lun v thng nht gia h CNBS v
ban qun l qu bo him ca cng ty (Bng 4).
c. Cc hot ng h tr h chn nui tham gia
bo him ca cng ty
khuyn khch cc h chn nui tham gia
bo him cho n b ca mnh, ng thi to
iu kin thun li cho cc h pht trin n b
b sa, cng ty thc hin nhiu hot ng h
tr cc h ang tham gia mua bo him. Hng
thng cng ty c chng trnh khuyn nng ti
tng h CNBS gii thiu v quy trnh k
thut nui an ton v hn ch ri ro (nh
khuyn co xy dng sn chi cho b, tim cc
loi vacxin phng dch cho b mi , ma ng
che chn, si m cho n b, tng ch n
dinh dng). Cng ty cng t chc tuyn truyn,
vn ng cc h chn nui p dng cc quy
trnh k thut hin i nhm nng cao cht
lng v nng sut sa.
Khi tham gia mua bo him, ngoi vic
c hng s tin bi thng bo him khi ri
ca cng ty nh: h tr 700 ng/kg thc n
tinh bt, 1.000 ng/kg c Alfalfa, h tr tin
tim phng, th tinh nhn to, h tr vay vn
(t 50 - 70% vn) cho cc h chn nui u t
m rng sn xut, h tr pht trin n b (5
triu ng/con b mi mua v), bnh xt thi ua
khen thngNgoi ra, Cng ty cn p dng
mc tin thng 400 - 600 ng/kg sa t cht
lng. Vi cch lm ny, cng ty gp phn
thay i nhn thc ca ngi chn nui, gip h
yn tm v u ra, nhn c nhiu li ch lu
di khi tham gia mua bo him v c bit
khng lo lng khi xy ra nhng ri ro. Chnh v
vy s h tham gia bo him ca cng ty ngy
cng tng ln.
d. Xc nh mc bi thng v hnh thc bi
thng thit hi khi ri ro xy ra
Khi c b b b m, h chn nui phi kp
thi bo co cho nhn vin th y ph trch khu
vc chn nui ca mnh c php iu tr.
Trong trng hp h chn nui t iu tr cng
phi bo co cn b th y chn on, k n
v hng dn gip . Khi b, b gp ri ro b
cht hoc b thi loi h nng dn phi bo cho
b phn chuyn mn tin hnh kim tra,

828
 Nguyn Mu Dng, L Kim Oanh

gim nh lm th tc bi thng. Ngoi ra,
h chn nui cng phi bo co nguyn nhn
xy ra ri ro, cc bin php p dng
phng chng ri ro lm c s cho cng tc
gim nh tn tht trc khi c n b bo
him. Ngay sau khi c thng bo v tnh hnh
tn tht ca h chn nui, qu bo him ca
Cng ty s c mt on kim tra i gim nh
tn tht (bao gm cn b th y, qun tr khu
vc, cn b khuyn nng v thng trc qu bo
him ca cng ty). on kim tra s xc nh
nguyn nhn xy ra ri ro c thuc phm vi bo
him hay khng. Nu ri ro xy ra thuc phm
vi bo him th s tip tc xc nh mc tn
tht, gi tr tn tht v lp bin bn gim nh
vi s chng kin ca cc bn c lin quan. Cn
c vo bin bn kim tra v gim nh, trng
ban iu hnh Qu bo him s quyt nh h
chn nui c c hng bo him hay khng v
mc bo him nh th no. Nu h c qu
bo him bi thng th c th nhn bi thng
theo hai hnh thc l bi thng bng b hoc
bi thng bng tin.
- Bi thng bng b: Mi nm cng ty s
xc nh mc u con ti thiu ca mt h chn
nui trn mt n v din tch (t 10 - 15 con/ha
ty theo nm). i vi nhng h gp ri ro m
cha s u con quy nh th c chi tr
bo him h chn nui phi mua s b, b tng
ng vi s con cht, thi b sung m bo
duy tr s lng n b. H chn nui c th t
tm mua bn ngoi hoc ng k mua t Trung
tm Ging ca cng ty theo gi c cng ty xc
nh ti thi im . Nu h chn nui khng
mua thm b, b hao ht th s khng c
thanh ton bo him, ng thi cng khng
c hng cc chnh sch h tr, tin thng
trong nm .
- Bi thng bng tin: Hnh thc ny ch p
dng i vi nhng h chn nui c s u
con quy nh, khng c nhu cu mua thm. Khi
qu bo him s bi thng thit hi bng tin
theo quy nh. S tin ny s c tr cho h chn
nui vo thng k tip (cng vo tin bn sa).
Theo nh gi ca h iu tra th qu bo
him ca cng ty thc hin cng tc bi
thng thit hi kh tt theo ng phng chm
cho hot ng ny l nhanh chng v chnh xc
bo m cho h CNBS nhanh chng khi phc
sn xut sau ri ro. Theo kt qu gim nh
trong giai on 2011 - 2013, 91,4 - 92,7% s b
yu cu bo him c chp nhn bi thng
(Bng 5). Tng s b b c bo him l 191 con,
bao gm b b b cht (37 con) v b b b thi
loi (154 con). Tng s tin m cc h iu tra
nhn bi thng l 1,37 t ng (Bng 6).

Bng 5. Kt qu gim nh ri ro i vi b yu cu c bo him ca h iu tra

S b yu cu BH S b c BH S b khng c BH
Nm
(con) SL (con) T l (%) SL (con) T l (%)
2011 142 132 92,3 10 7,7
2012 198 181 91,4 17 8,6
2013 206 191 92,7 15 7,3

Ngun: Tng hp s liu iu tra, 2014

Bng 6. Tnh hnh bi thng BH cho b ca h iu tra trong nm 2013

S lng (con) Tng s tin c bi thng
Loi ri ro
B sinh sn B t B Tng s (tr.)

1. B cht 15 12 10 37 294,0
2. B thi loi 110 37 7 154 1.079,0
Tng s 125 49 17 191 1.373,0

Ngun: Tng hp s liu iu tra, 2014

829
Nghin cu c ch hot ng ca m hnh bo him cho chn nui b sa ca Cng ty c phn ging b sa
Mc Chu

Bng 7. Tng hp kin nh gi v MHBH cho CNBS ca cng ty (%)

Xc inh i Th tc C ch h Mc ph Mc bi Th tc gim
tng tham tham gia tr khi tham bo thng khi nh ri ro v
gia bo him bo him gia bo him him c ri ro bi thng
1. kin nh gi ca h chn nui (n = 96)
Hp l 64,0 36,0 59,0 42,0 80,0 44,0
Tng i hp l 27,0 28,0 34,0 46,0 20,0 43,0
Cha hp l 9,0 36,0 7,0 12,0 0,0 13,0
2. kin nh gi ca cn b qu bo him (n=13)
Hp l 100,0 30,8 84,6 61,5 100,0 53,8
Tng i hp l 0,0 46,2 15,4 38,5 0,0 46,2
Cha hp l 0,0 23,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0

Ngun: Tng hp s liu iu tra, 2014

e. Gii quyt thc mc, khiu ni bo him kh phc tp. iu ny l do c

Ri ro trong CNBS c th do nhiu nguyn
nhn khc nhau v i khi kh c xc nh
mt cch chnh xc. Hn na, vic nh gi
nguyn nhn ri ro cng c th mang tnh ch
quan nn vic h CNBS khng ng tnh vi kt
qu gim nh v phng n gii quyt ca ban
qun l qu bo him l iu khng th trnh
khi. Theo kt qu iu tra, 21 h trong tng s
h c tng c khiu ni v kt qu gim
nh trong giai on 2011-2013. Nguyn nhn
khiu ni bao gm vic nh gi sai nguyn
nhn ri ro (28,6%), thc hin sai quy trnh bi
thng (19,0%) hoc h khng ng vi kt
qu gii quyt ca qu bo him (52,4%). Khi c
nhng kin khiu ni, ban qun l qu bo
him s tin hnh gim nh li, tin hnh gim
nh bng nhiu phng php nhm xc nh
mt cch chnh xc nguyn nhn ri ro, thc
hin ng quy trnh bo him m bo s
cng bng cho cc h chn nui
3.2.3. kin nh gi ca h iu tra v c
ch hot ng ca m hnh BH
a s cc kin ca cc h chn nui v
cn b qu bo him u nh gi cao tnh hp
l trong vic xc nh i tng tham gia bo
him, c ch h tr khi tham gia BH v mc ph
bo him v mc bi thng khi c ri ro xy ra
(Bng 7). Tuy nhin mt t l ng k kin
ca ngi dn cho rng (36%) th tc tham gia
tham gia bo him, cc h chn nui phi c
cn b cng ty kim tra, nh gi tnh hnh
chn nui v ch khi no h chn nui t y
cc yu t t chung tri, k thut chn nui
n sc khe n b, nng lc chn nui th
mi c chp nhn tham gia bo him. Nhiu
h chn nui cho rng th tc ny kh rm r
v mt nhiu thi gian nn cn c rt gn
hn, n gin hn. Ngoi ra mt s h (13%) cn
cho rng th tc gim nh ri ro cng tng
i phc tp v vic gim nh ch c thc
hin khi c mt y cc thnh phn (cn b
th y, cn b khuyn nng, qun tr khu vc...).
3.3. Mt s bi hc kinh nghim rt ra t
m hnh BH cho CNBS ca cng ty c phn
ging b sa Mc Chu
MHBH cho CNBS CTCPGBS Mc Chu
gip cho cc h nng dn yn tm chn nui,
ng thi cng gip cho cng ty c ngun cung
sa nguyn liu n nh v m bo cht lng.
Mt s bi hc kinh nghim c th c rt ra t
s thnh cng ca MHBH ca cng ty nh sau:
(1) Qu bo him trc thuc cng ty nhng
c qun l ch yu bi cc h CNBS. Chnh
cc h CNBS l ngi tham gia ng gp kin
v xc nh i tng tham gia, ni dung hp
ng, mc ph bo him v mc bi thng khi
c ri ro xy ra... Ban qun l qu bo him c
10 thnh vin (trong tng s 13 thnh vin) l
i din cho cc h CNBS 10 n v khc

830

nhau. MHBH ny c coi l m hnh t qun
ca h chn nui.
(2) Cc h CNBS ch c th c tham gia
mua bo him cho n b ca mnh khi p ng
c cc yu cu t ra trong chn nui bao gm
yu cu v chung tri, v ch dinh dng, v
quy trnh k thut, v sc khe ca n b v v
nng lc chn nui. Qua gim thiu c ri
ro cho n b c mua bo him.
(3) Cc h tham gia bo him c cng ty
h tr c v k thut (thng qua tp hun), h
tr phng tr dch bnh (tim vacxin, cha
bnh), h tr mt phn cc khon chi ph u
vo cho CNBS (thc n tinh bt, c, ging b...)
v h tr trong mua sa nguyn liu (mua vi
mc gi cao hn t 400-600/kg sa nguyn liu
trong trng hp sa nguyn liu m bo cht
lng tt). Qua ngi chn nui thy r c
li ch ca vic tham gia bo him.
(4) Cng tc gim nh ri ro c tin
hnh vi s tham gia ca nhiu thnh phn
(cn b ca cng ty, cn b th y ca qu bo
him, qun tr khu vc, h chn nui), qua
m bo c tnh khch quan gip cho vic xc
nh c mc bi thng mt cch cng bng,
chnh xc gia cc h tham gia bo him.
(5) Hnh thc bi thng khi xy ra ri ro
linh hot: hoc l bi thng bng b hoc bi
thng bng tin ty theo quy m n b tnh
trn mt n v din tch ca h v ty theo nhu
cu ca h (nu p ng c yu cu v quy
m n b). Qua gip cho vic n nh v pht
trin quy m n b cung cp sa cho cng ty.
Mc d MHBH cho chn nui b sa ca
cng ty tng i thnh cng, nhng r rng
y l mt trng hp in hnh v mi quan h
c bit gia cng ty v h chn nui: (1) h
CNBS l cng nhn ca nng trng trc kia
v nhn t giao khon ca cng ty cho CNBS;
(2) CTCPGBS Mc Chu cng l n v thu mua
ton b lng sa ca cc h CNBS trong khu
vc. Thc t, m hnh vn c mt s hn ch
nht nh, bao gm:
Nguyn Mu Dng, L Kim Oanh
(1) Doanh thu t qu bo him vt nui cha
b p tng s tin bi thng cho b b cht
v loi thi; qu bo him vn cn c s h tr
ca cng ty (trch qu d phng ca cng ty b
p phn thiu ht). Do vy cng ty cn xc nh
mc ph bo him v mc bi thng hp l hn,
ng thi cn tng cng cc bin php h tr
gim thiu ri ro cho h CNBS.
(2) Vic xc nh nguyn nhn xy ra ri ro
i khi cha thc s c tnh thuyt phc cao.
iu ny l do trnh chuyn mn ca i ng
cn b lm cng tc gim nh ri ro cn mt s
hn ch. Tng cng o to, tp hun nng cao
trnh chuyn mn cho i ng cn b gim
nh ri ro l vn cn c quan tm hn.
4. KT LUN
MHBH cho CNBS cng ty c phn ging
b sa Mc Chu c hnh thnh v pht
trin t nm 2004. n nay MHBH gm hai loi
hnh bo him l bo him vt nui v bo him
gi sa. Hin c trn 500 h chn nui, ch
yu l cc h c ch h l cng nhn nng
trng trc y tham gia mua bo him cho
9.411 con b b ca mnh. MHBH to iu
kin cho cc h chn nui yn tm sn xut,
ng thi cng gip cho ngun cung sa nguyn
liu ca cng ty n nh v m bo cht lng.
S thnh cng ca MHBH ca cng ty xut
pht t c ch hot ng ca m hnh c xy
dng da trn s tham gia ng gp kin ca
chnh cc h CNBS, t yu cu cht ch v i
tng c tham gia mua bo him, t hot
ng h tr k thut v ti chnh ca cng ty
cho cc h tham gia bo him, t hnh thc n
b linh hot v t cng tc gim nh khi xy ra
ri ro mt cch khch quan, chnh xc. a s
kin nh gi u cho rng c ch xc nh i
tng tham gia bo him, c ch h tr khi tham
gia bo him, mc ph bo him, mc bi thng
khi c ri ro xy ra cng nh c ch gim nh
rui ro l hp l. y l nhng bi hc kinh
nghim quan trng cho vic thit k cc chng
trnh bo him nng nghip, c bit l bo
him cho vt nui trong tng lai.
831
Nghin cu c ch hot ng ca m hnh bo him cho chn nui b sa ca Cng ty c phn ging b sa
Mc Chu
TI LIU THAM KHO
CTCPGBS Mc Chu (2014a). Bo co v tnh hnh
hot ng ca Qu bo him cho chn nui b
sa ca cng ty nm 2013.
CTCPGBS Mc Chu (2014b). Bo co tng kt v
tnh hnh chn nui b sa ca cng ty nm 2013.
c Hin (2014). Mc Chu pht trin chui lin kt
b sa. Truy cp ngy 10 thng 8 nm 2015 ti
832
http://www.baomoi.com
Thanh Nguyn (2011). Bo him b sa Mc Chu:
Mt cch lm hiu qu. Truy cp ngy 10 thng 8
nm 2015 ti http://www.baomoi.com.
Tho Nguyn (2014). Bo him nng nghip: Phao
ca nng dn Mc Chu. Truy cp ngy 12 thng 9
nm 2015 ti http://www.tienphong.vn.
Yamane, Taro (1967). Statistics: An Introductory
Analysis, 2nd Edition, New York: Harper and Row.