NH HNG CA HM LNG CHT X TRONG KHU PHN N

N VIC TO AXIT LINOLEIC LIN HP (CLA) TRONG B SA

Effect of the content fibre in diet on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

production in cow milk

Giang Trung Khoa1, Ivan Larondelle2

SUMMARY

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in beef, lamb, and
dairy products, existing as positional and stereo-isomers of octadecadienoate (18:2). Over the past two
decades numerous health benefits have been attributed to CLA in experimental animal models including
actions to reduce carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis, onset of diabetes and body fat mass ... CLA content in
the dairy products is affected by cow variety, cow individual, cow age, especilly by feed. Lots of research
have been done in order to increase the CLA content in cow milk. Comparing the two diets for cows var.
Pie Noir Holstein, one is the maize ensilage (structural value:1,28/kg dry matter) and the other is the
maize ensilage + 1,7 kg straw (structural value: 1,54/kg dry matter), we found that the low fibre-
containing portion resulted in the increase of the content of rumenic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid in
milk.
Key words: CLA, rumenic acid, cow milk, content of fibre, structural value

i ho axit Vaccenic nh emzym 9 -

1. T VN
Cc axit linoleic lin hp (CLA) l hn
hp ca cc ng phn v tr v hnh hc
ca axit linoleic (cis-9, cis-12 C18:2).
Cc axit bo cha no ny tn ti ch yu
trong cht bo ca loi nhai li, c bit
trong sa v cc sn phm sa. Trong cc
ng phn ca CLA, axit rumenic (cis -
9, trans - 11 C18:2) l quan trng nht v
chim ti 80% tng lng CLA trong cc
sn phm sa. i vi cc loi nhai li,
axit ny c to ra t hai con ng:
con ng trans-11 (l sn phm trung
gian ca qu trnh hydro ho sinh hc
axit linoleic trong d c) (Bauman v
cng s, 2003) v con ng tng hp
ni sinh trong tuyn v qua qu trnh lm
desaturase (Griinari v cng s, 2000).
T mt vi thp k qua, cc phn t ny
c chng minh c nhiu tim nng c li
i vi sc kho con ngi: ng vai tr nh
cht bo v chng li s pht trin ca cc t
bo ung th v (Chin v cng s, 1991); tc
dng ngn cn i vi cc t bo ung th biu
m (Ha v cng s, 1987) hay ung th d dy
kt (Liew v cng s, 1995); nh hng ti s
chuyn ho lipt lm gim hm lng m
trong c th (Park v cng s, 1999); tc dng
ci thin chuyn ho lipoproteine trong mu,
chng li cc bnh v tim mch (Lee v cng
s, 1994); nh hng tt i vi bnh i
ng loi II (Risrus v cng s, 2002). Th

1
Khoa Cng ngh thc phm - HNNI,
2
Unit de biochimie de la nutrition Universit Catholique de Louvain - Vng quc B)
nhng, hm lng CLA trong cc loi thc
phm l rt thp, ngay c vi cc sn phm
sa (t 2,7-5,6 mg/g cht bo). Do vy cc
nghin cu nh gi v hm lng CLA c
tiu th hng ngy bi con ngi cho thy,
hm lng ny l khng cao c th th
hin thnh cc li ch nh c chng
minh trn ng vt.
C nhiu yu t nh hng ti hm lng
CLA trong sa nh: nh hng ca ging
(Morales v cng s, 2000), ca c th (Kelly
v cng s, 1998), tui ca b (Stanton v
cng s, 1997)... v c bit l ch n m
b nhn c. Nhiu nghin cu c tin
hnh vi mc ch nng cao hm lng CLA
trong sa, c bit l cc nghin cu v ch
n dnh cho b (b sung lipt, vitamin E;
cc nghin cu v ch n c bn...). Kt
qu thu c bi mt i ng cc nh nghin
cu thuc b mn ho sinh dinh dng -
Trng i hc Catholique de Louvain
(Vng quc B) ch ra rng, vi hai ch
n ng nng lng, c b sung lipt v
vitamin E, khi b nhn c thc n l ng
ln men cho hm lng CLA trong sa cao
hn khi n nhn c thc n l c ln men.
Tuy nhin nghin cu ny vn cha cho php
xc nh liu s khc nhau ny lin quan n
s khc nhau v hm lng cht x trong
khu phn n hay chnh do bn cht khc
nhau ca cc khu phn n c s. Do vy,
nghin cu ca chng ti nhm lm r vn
ny.
2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Th nghim c tin hnh ti Centre
Alphonse de Marbaix de UCL Corroy -
le - Grand (Vng quc B), theo s
thc nghim Cross-over gm: hai ch
n, hai giai on ba tun trn 06 con b
(ging Pie Noir Holstein ln tit sa th
hai) c chia lm hai nhm (bng 1).
Bng 1. S thc nghim
nhm 1 nhm 2
Giai on 1 ng ln men ng ln men + rm
Giai on 2 ng ln men + rm ng ln men
B c nui trong chung, c mng n
v mng ung ring. iu ny cho php kim
tra lng thc phm c n thc s bi mi
b. Khu phn n c chia lm hai phn
bng nhau v c cung cp vo cc gi nht
nh trong cc bui sng v ti mi ngy.
Hai ch n ch khc nhau bi vic thm
1,7 kg (cht kh) rm trong ch n th hai
lm tng gi tr cu trc ca khu phn n
ny (ch n c b sung rm c gi tr cu
trc l 1,54/kg cht kh, ch cn li l
1,28/kg cht kh). Cc khu phn n c thnh
phn c bn l ng ln men (bng 2) c
xy dng theo tiu chun INRA (1998), cho
php p ng nhu cu ca b c trng lng
650kg, sn xut 25 lt sa mi ngy. Trong
khu phn n c b sung 12g vitamin E to
iu kin cho vic hnh thnh axit rumenic v
hn ch qu trnh oxy ho cht bo ca sa.
Bng 2. Thnh phn ca cc ch n thc
nghim (kg cht kh/ngy)
Ng ln men +
Thnh phn Ng ln men
rm
Ng ln men 9,5 9,5
Kh du u tng 2,16 2,16
B p c ci ng 2,16 2,16
Nutex 2,25 2,25
Ur 0,03 0,03
Rm 0,0 1,70
CMV 25/5 0,25 0,25
Tng s 16,35 18,05
Ghi ch: - Nutex: dng thc n c c - ngun b
sung lipt
- CMV 25/5: Ngun b sung vitamin v
khong cht
Sa ca mi b c ly vo cc bui
sng v ti tt c cc ngy ca tun cui cng
trong mi giai on thc nghim theo di
sn lng, hm lng cht bo v hm lng
protein trong sa. nh gi nh hng ca
khu phn n n hm lng axit rumenic
(CLA) v thnh phn axit bo ca sa, hai
mu sa ca mi b c trch ra (khong 04
lt) vo cc ngy th hai v th nm trong
tun th ba ca mi giai on th nghim.
Hm lng cht bo ca sa c xc nh
theo phng php Gerber (1963); hm
lng protein c xc nh theo phng
php Kjeldahl (A.O.A.C, 1995); hm lng cht bo v hm lng protein trong
lng cc axit bo trong sa c xc nh sa vo khong 4,1% v 3,1% tng ng
bng sc k kh ct mao qun (Thermo- vi c hai ch n thc nghim. iu ny
Quest, GC trace, Milan, Italie), detector - c th l do hai
FID; hm lng cht x trong khu phn
n c xc nh theo phng php ch n ny gn nh ng nng lng,
Goering v Van Soest, (1970). Kt qu ng lipt v protein. y l nhng yu t
c s l thng k bng phn mm SAS c nh hng ln nht n nng sut cng
(1999). nh thnh phn ca sa (Grant v cng s,
1990). Ngoi ra chng ti cng nhn thy,
3. KT QU V THO LUN ch n t ng ln men (gi tr cu trc
3.1 nh hng ca hm lng cht x khong 1,3/kg cht kh) khng gy ra
trong khu phn n n sn lng, hm s dch chuyn cc con ng hydro ho
lng cht bo v hm lng protein trong sinh hc d c (hin tng Shift). Griinari
sa v Bauman (1999) cho bit, khu phn
Cc phng php c s dng lm n c t l thc n c c cao, hm lng
tng hm lng CLA ch c ngha thc cht x thp c th gy cm ng cho hin
tin khi n ng thi cho php m bo tng Shift, lm gim hm lng cht
hoc nng cao c sn lng cng nh bo v CLA ca sa. Tuy nhin trong th
cc ch tiu cht lng ca sa (hm lng nghim ny, hm lng cht bo ca sa
cht bo, protein). Tm hiu vn ny, kt cao v n nh ngay c vi ch n c
qu thu c bng 3 cho thy vic b hm lng cht x thp. Ngc li vi ch
sung rm vo trong khu phn n khng c n, nh hng ca c th (b) n cc
nh hng n sn lng sa cng nh ch tiu ny l rt ln ( = 0,05). iu ny
hm lng cht bo v protein ca sa ( = l ph hp vi quan st ca Philipona v
0,05). Thc vy, sn lng sa trong c hai cng s (2002).
ch n u vo khong 21 lt/ngy; hm
Bng 3. nh hng ca hm lng cht x trong khu phn n n sn lng, hm lng cht bo
v hm lng protein trong sa
Ch n Phn tch thng k (LSD0,05)
Ng ln men Ng ln men + rm ch n giai on c th (b)
Sn lng (kg/ngy) 21,43 20,77 0,2505 0,8837 <0,0001
Hm lng cht bo (%) 4,08 4,12 0,8754 0,3386 0,0121
Hm lng protein (%) 3,10 3,09 0,8179 0,5810 0,0246

3.2 nh hng ca hm lng cht x th i vi nhiu axit bo trong sa, gm

trong khu phn n n hm lng CLA
v axt bo ca sa
Nhn chung trong cc iu kin th
nghim, nh hng ca giai on n hm
lng cc axit bo trong sa l khng r
rng ( = 0,05), ngoi tr i vi C18:0
v cis-11, C18:1. Tng t, chng ti
cng khng nhn thy nh hng ca c
c axit rumenic - mt cu t quan trng
ca CLA (bng 4).
Lin quan n nh hng ca hm lng
cht x trong khu phn n, chng ti nhn
thy ch n c hm lng cht x cao (b
sung rm) khng c nh hng n hm
lng ca phn ln cc axt bo bo ho mch
ngn v trung bnh (C6-C12, C16). Ngc li,
mt s khc nhau c ngha c quan st
v hm lng ca C14:0, C17:0 v C18:0. chng ti cng nhn thy, so vi ch n
iu ny gii thch ti sao hm lng axt bo c hm lng cht x cao, ch n t ng
bo ho tng s (AGS) tng ln mt cht ln men khng b sung rm lm tng
trong ch n c b sung rm.
hm lng axit vaccenic (trans-11, C18: 1)
V hm lng cc axt bo cha no, s khc v lm gim hm lng axit stearic (C18:0)
nhau c ngha ch xy ra duy nht i vi trong sa. iu ny c th l do ch n
trans-11, C18:1 v axit rumenic (cis-9, c hm lng cht x thp (khng b sung
trans-11 C18:2). iu ny dn n khng rm) lm gim bt s hydro ho sinh hc
c s khc bit ( = 0,05) v hm lng cc axit linoleic trong d c. Do axit
axt bo cha no cis (AGI cis) v mt s st vaccenic c tch t nhiu hn, gy
gim ng k v hm lng cc axt bo thit hi cho vic to axit stearic.
cha no trans (AGI trans) trong ch n
c hm lng cht x cao. Bn cnh
Bng 4. nh hng ca hm lng cht x trong khu phn n n hm lng CLA
v axit bo ca sa (mg/100g axit bo)
Ch n Phn tch thng k (LSD0,05)
Ng ln men Ng ln men+rm Ch n Giai on C th (b)
C6-C10 6,05 6,37 0,3722 0,3803 0,1933
C12:0 2,77 2,95 0,1522 0,7783 0,0354
C14:0 10,87a 11,59b 0,0493 0,3004 0,0300
C16:0 25,25 26,55 0,0982 0,1485 0,0022
C16:1 trans9 0,77 0,62 0,0838 0,6388 0,2440
C16:1 cis9 1,32 1,26 0,5394 0,9368 0,0112
C17:0 0,55a 0,63b 0,0373 0,5245 0,3490
C18:0 12,59a 13,54b 0,0029 0,0137 0,0007
C18:1 trans9 0,55 0,47 0,0683 0,3689 0,0479
C18:1 trans10 0,41 0,15 0,4715 0,3574 0,3667
C18:1 trans11 7,10b 4,99a 0,0482 0,3767 0,1954
C18:1 cis9 23,98 24,37 0,7106 0,4076 0,1194
C18:1 cis11 0,65 0,62 0,3850 0,0131 0,1303
C18:2 cis9,cis12 2,17 2,02 0,4109 0,2749 0,3385
C20:0 0,14a 0,17b 0,0070 0,0422 0,0392
C18:3 cis9,cis12,cis15 1,56 1,33 0,0694 0,2774 0,1996
b a
C18:2 cis9,trans11 3,03 2,13 0,0116 0,2739 0,0837
C20:4 0,06 0,06 0,1778 0,0147 0,0003
C20:5 0,08 0,08 0,8797 0,3999 0,1265
C22:5 0,10 0,11 0,1367 0,7526 0,0749
AGI cis 29,92 29,85 0,9618 0,3561 0,2084
AGI trans 11,86b 8,37a 0,0236 0,5405 0,1759
AGS 58,22a 61,78b 0,0231 0,4990 0,0197

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