Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht trin 2008: Tp VI, S 3: 284-288 I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

KH NNG SINH SN V SC SN XUT SA CA CC LOI B SA LM NG

Reproductive performance and milk productivity of different types of

Dairy cattle raised in Lam Dong province
Nguyn Xun Trch1, Phm Phi Long2
1
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni
2
Chi cc Th y tnh Lm ng

TM TT
Mt nghin cu c tin hnh nh gi sc sinh sn v sn xut sa ca cc loi b sa
nui ti Lm ng gm b Holstein Friesian thun (HF) v cc loi b lai F1 (1/2 HF), F2 (3/4 HF), v F3
(7/8 HF). Kt qu cho thy rng tt c cc loi b sa nui ti y u sinh sn tt vi tui cha la
u sm (15,88 thng b F1 v 18,07 thng b HF thun), thi gian c cha li sau khi bnh
thng, nn c khong cch la kh l tng (12-13 thng). Trong cc loi b sa c nui, b lai
F1 c kh nng sinh sn tt nht. Nng sut sa ca cc loi b nui y tng ng hay tt hn
b cng loi nui cc a phng khc trong nc. Tng t l mu b H Lan th nng sut sa tng
ln nhng t l m sa gim. Sn lng sa 305 ngy ca tt c cc loi b sa nui y u cao
nht chu k sa th 4.
T kho: B sa, nng sut sa, chu k sa, sinh sn, Holstein.

SUMMARY
A survey was undertaken to determine reproductive performance and milk productivity of different
types of dairy cows, viz. purebred Holstein Friesian (HF), crossbreds F1 (1/2 HF), F2 (3/4 HF), and F3 (7/8
HF) raised in Lam Dong province. It was found that all types of the dairy cattle showed good reproductive
performance with early ages at first conception (15.88 months in F1 and 18.07 months in HF), normal
return on heat after calving and thus fairly ideal calving intervals (12-13 months). Among the different
types of cattle, F1 cows showed the best reproductive perfomance. Milk yields of these cattle were similar
or better than those of the same types of cattle raised in other localities in the country. Increasing the level
of HF inheritance in the cow resulted in increased milk yield and lowered milk fat content. The 305 day
milk yield was highest for the 4th lactation in all the different types of dairy cattle.
Key words: Dairy cattle, holstein Friesian, lactation, milk yield, reproduction.

1. T VN mnh, tr thnh mt ngh chnh c thu nhp

Lm ng l mt tnh Ty Nguyn c
nhiu tim nng pht trin chn nui b sa nh
c nhiu din tch t bazan mu m c th
thm canh trng c v c kh hu quanh nm
mt m. T nm 1978 n nay, n b sa nui
Lm ng gm c b Holstein thun (HF) gc
Cuba v cc b lai gia b HF vi b lai Sind.
Ngoi ra, gn y c thm mt s b HF mi
c nhp t c v M. Qua tng thi k s
lng b sa c nhiu bin ng nhng n b
sa vn c duy tr v tng mnh trong nhng
nm gn y. Hin nay, phong tro chn nui b
sa Lm ng ang c chiu hng pht trin
284
cao trong mt b phn h nng dn.
c c s khoa hc cho cng tc ging b
sa Lm ng cn c nghin cu nh gi cht
lng cc loi b c nui y, trong vic
nghin cu, nh gi v kh nng sinh sn v sn
xut sa c ngha rt quan trng.
2. VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN
CU
2.1. Thi gian, a im v i tng nghin cu
Nghin cu ny c tin hnh t thng 1
n thng 9 nm 2007 ti cc h nng dn thuc
 Kh nng sinh sn v sc sn xut sa...

huyn c Trng, n Dng, th x Bo Lc, (Lacticheck Ultrasonic Milk Analyzer) phn

thnh ph Lt v hai n v chn nui b sa
tp trung l Cng ty ging b sa Lm ng v
Cng ty lin doanh Thanh Sn (H Lan - Vit
Nam). Tng s b c iu tra kho st gm 98
b lai F1 (1/2 mu HF), 112 b lai F2 (3/4 mu
HF), 115 b lai F3 (7/8 mu HF) v n b HF
thun c ngun gc t Cuba gm 102 con c
nui nng h v 284 con c nui tp trung.
2.2. Thu thp s liu
Cc s liu th cp v sinh sn v sn xut
sa ca cc loi b sa c thu thp t Ban
qun l d n b sa v s sch ghi chp ca
Cng ty ging b sa Lm ng, Cng ty lin
doanh Thanh Sn, cc h nng dn v cc dn
tinh vin. ng thi trong thi gian nghin cu
cc nghin cu vin cng Ban qun l d n b
sa t chc tp hun hng dn cch quan st,
ghi chp vo pht phiu iu tra cc ch tiu cn
theo di v sinh sn v sn xut sa cho cc h
nng dn, cn b k thut ca Cng ty ging b
sa Lm ng v Cng ty lin doanh Thanh Sn
cng nh cc dn tinh vin. nh gi cht
lng sa, mu sa c ly sau khi vt xong
khong 20-30 pht v dng my LUCAMA
tch cc ch tiu: t l VCK khng m, t l m
sa v protein ca sa.
2.3. X l s liu
S liu c x l thng k so snh gia
cc nhm b gm b lai F1 (1/2 mu HF), b lai
F2 (3/4 mu HF), b lai F3 (7/8 mu HF) v b
HF thun. Ring b HF thun c phn ra b
HF nui nng h (HF-Nh) v b HF thun nui
tp trung (HF-Tt) nhm so snh nh hng ca
phng thc chn nui. Vic so snh c thc
hin thng qua phn tch phng sai mt nhn t
(one-way ANOVA). So snh cp i cc gi tr
trung bnh ca cc ch tiu gia cc loi b c
p dng theo phng php Tukey.
3. KT QU V THO LUN
3.1. Kh nng sinh sn
Mt s ch tiu sinh sn ca cc loi b sa
nui ti Lm ng c tng hp bng 1.
Nhn chung cc loi b sa nui y c biu
hin sinh sn rt tt, trong b lai c biu hin
tt hn b HF thun v tt nht l b lai F1 (1/2
HF).

Bng 1. Mt s ch tiu sinh sn ca cc loi b sa nui ti Lm ng

Nhm b
Ch tiu
F1 (1/2 HF) F2 (3/4 HF) F3 (7/8 HF) HF-Nh HF-Tt
c cb b b a
Tui cha ln u (thng) 15,88 16,27 16,46 16,68 18,07
b b ab a a
H s phi (s ln phi/c cha) 1,36 1,42 1,65 1,74 1,85
e d c a b
Thi gian cha li sau (ngy) 80,41 82,30 86,26 91,24 88,49
d c c a b
Khong cch la (ngy) 363,62 371,13 373,52 391,86 379,16

Ghi ch: Nhng gi tr trung bnh trong mi hng c mang ch khc nhau th sai khc c ngha thng k
(P < 0,05)

Nhng nhm b c t l mu HF cao th nhiu. Theo Tng Xun Lu (1999), b F2, F3

tui phi ging ln u c cha cao hn. Trong
cng nhm b lai, s khc bit gia nhm b F1
v F3 l kh r rng (P < 0,01). B F3 v b HF-
Nh khng c s khc bit (P > 0,05) v tui c
cha ln u v thp hn b HF-Tt (P < 0,01).
L do c th l do cc nng h thng phi sau
khi b ng dc 2 ln u, cn trong nui tp
trung ngi ta thng phi vo ln ng dc th
3 hoc 4. Theo Nguyn Kim Ninh (1994), b lai
F1 nui ti Ba v c tui phi ging c cha ln
u bnh qun l 24,35 thng. Nh vy b F1
nui Lm ng phi ging ln u sm hn
Ba V c tui phi ging ln u l 16,53 thng
v 16,93 thng, tng ng vi cc loi b lai
tng ng Lm ng. Theo L ng nh
(1996), tui phi ging ln u ca mt s n
b ti thnh ph H Ch Minh nh sau: ti nng
trng Tn Thng l 18 thng tui F1 v 19
thng tui F2; ti Tn Bnh l 19 - 20 thng
tui F1, 17,50 thng tui F2 v 15,77 thng
tui F3; cn ti G Vp l 18 - 19,6 thng
F1, 17-19,5 thng F2 v 18 thng F3. Nh
vy, b lai Lm ng cng c cha sm hn.
Theo Nguyn Hu Lng v CS (2006), tui
285
 Nguyn Xun Trch, Phm Phi Long

phi c cha ln u ca b HF thun ti thnh ny cng thp nht l b F1 v cao nht b HF

ph H Ch Minh l 25,9 thng, ti H Nam l
25,5 thng v ti Mc Chu l 23,3 thng, tc l
u cao hn nhiu so vi b HF thun nui ti
Lm ng.
H s phi ging (s ln phi cho mt ln
c cha) tng ln theo t l mu b HF v cao
nht l b HF thun. Trn thc t b HF thun
v b F3 thng c biu hin ng dc khng r,
thi gian biu hin ng dc ngn, cn b F1 v
F2 thng c biu hin r hn nn cc h nng
dn d pht hin phi ging c kp thi
hn. Theo V Ch Cng v CS (2006), h s
phi ca b F2 v F3 nui ti Ba V l 2,19 v
1,94, ti Ph ng l 2,01 v 1,93; cn ti thnh
ph H Ch Minh l 1,73 v 1,89. Theo Tng
Xun Lu (1999), b F2 v F3 nui ti Ba V c
h s phi ging ln lt l 2,10 - 2,19 ln v
1,94 - 2,21 ln. Nh vy, cc loi b lai tng
ng Lm ng c kh nng th thai tt hn
nhiu.
S liu bng 1 cho thy, khi tng t l mu
HF trong b lai th thi gian c cha li sau
cng tng ln. Thi gian phi ging c cha sau
thp nht cng l b F1 (39 ngy) v cao
nht l b HF nui nng h (165 ngy). B HF
nui tp trung c thi gian cha li ngn hn b
HF nui tp trung chng t chng c theo di
pht hin ng dc v phi ging tt hn.
Kim Tuyn (2004) cho bit, thi gian phi c
cha li sau khi trn n HF trung bnh l
4,34 thng. So vi kt qu ny th n b lai nui
ti Lm ng c thi gian phi li sau khi
ngn hn.
V khong cch la ph thuc chnh vo
thi gian phi cha li sau khi nn ch tiu
nui trong nng h. B HF nui nng h c
khong cch gia 2 la cao hn nui tp trung
(P < 0,01) v ngoi vic pht hin ng dc
khng kp thi cn c cc yu t khc nh phi
ging khng ng lc hay c tnh khng mun
cho phi ko di thi gian khai thc sa. Theo
Nguyn Quc t (1998), b lai F1, F2, F3 nui
thnh ph H Ch Minh c khong cch la
tng ng l 14,7 thng, 15,2 thng v 15,4
thng. Tng Xun Lu (1999) cho bit, n b
F2 v F3 nui ti Ba V c khong cch la
tng ng l 441,52-443,12 ngy v 445,36-
461,58 ngy. Nh vy, khong cch la ca
cc nhm b sa nui Lm ng biu hin tt
hn.
3.2. Kh nng sn xut sa
Kt qu iu tra v sn lng sa qua cc
la ca cc loi b sa nui ti Lm ng
c trnh by bng 2. Sn lng sa ca cc
nhm b u tng dn t la 1 n la th
4 sau gim dn. Theo Nguyn Vn Thng
(1995), b sa thng cho sn lng sa cao
nht t chu k th 4 n chu k th 6 v sn
lng sa nhng chu k ny tng khong 40-
50% so vi sn lng sa chu k 1. Trn thc
t, theo Trn Don Hi (1979), sn lng sa
ca b F1 lai gia b lang trng en Trung Quc
vi b lai Sind trc y cao nht vo la th 4.
Theo V Ch Cng v CS (2006), sn lng
sa cao nht ca b F2 v F3 cng vo chu k 4.
Theo L ng nh (1996), b F1 v F2 c sn
lng sa cao nht l vo chu k 5 v 6. Nh
vy, c th ni cc loi b sa nui Lm ng
c din bin sn lng sa qua cc chu k theo
ng quy lut.........................................................

Bng 2. Sn lng sa qua cc la ca cc loi b sa nui Lm ng (kg/305 ngy)

Nhm b
Chu k sa
F1 (1/2 HF) F2 (3/4 HF) F3 (7/8 HF) HF-Nh HF-Tt
e d c a b
1 2.756,74 3.194,23 3.900,91 4.268,49 4.171,89
d c b a a
2 3.463,67 3866,64 4.927,00 5.246,82 5.265,77
e d c a b
3 3.987,38 4.290,45 5.264,21 5.598,66 5.443,61
e d c b a
4 4.167,19 4.426,68 5.412,80 5.983,54 6.117,71
d d c b a
5 3.880,25 4.096,25 5.276,51 5.370,60 5.486,44
e d c b a
6 3.770,26 3.842,63 5.029,12 5.104,01 5.259,37
d c b a a
7 3.527,04 3.683,38 4.651,97 4.840,08 4.793,48
e d c a b
8 3.109,55 3.368,10 4.228,22 4.438,59 4.273,99
Ghi ch: Nhng gi tr trung bnh trong mi hng c mang ch khc nhau th sai khc c ngha thng k
(P < 0,05)
286
 Kh nng sinh sn v sc sn xut sa...

So snh gia cc loi b cho thy, sn lng
sa tng dn ln khi tng t l mu HF. Sn lng
sa gia cc nhm b lai v HF thun c s khc
bit r rt (P < 0,01), cn gia b HF-Nh v HF-
Tt l khng r (P > 0,05). Mt iu ng lu l
ti a phng ny, sn lng sa ca b F3 cao
hn F2 (P < 0,01). iu ny c khc vi mt s
kt qu theo di trn cc loi b lai nui nhiu
a phng khc. Theo Nguyn Quc t (1998),
sn lng sa 305 ngy n b lai F1, F2, F3
nui ti thnh ph H Ch Minh ln lt l 3.643;
3.795,8 kg v 3.604,75 kg. Theo V Ch Cng
v CS (2006), sn lng sa ca nhm b F2 v
F3 nui ti H Ty tng ng l 3.071,47 kg v
3.212,43 kg, ti H Ni l 3.789 kg v 3.407,3 kg.
Mt s ch tiu v thnh phn sa ca cc
nhm b nui ti Lm ng c trnh by
bng 3. Kt qu phn tch cho thy, cng tng t
l mu HF th t l m sa cng gim, cao nht
l b F1 (4,26%) v thp nht l b HF-Tt
(3,4%). Hm lng VCK khng m v protein
sa cng c cng xu hng nh vy nhng
khng r nh m sa. Xu hng gim t l m
sa khi tng t l mu HF cng thy qua kt
qu nghin cu ca cc tc gi khc nh L
ng nh (1996) trn n b sa ti thnh ph
H Ch Minh v ca H nh Chnh (2003) trn
n b lai nui ti Lm ng giai on trc.

Bng 3. Thnh phn sa cc nhm b nui ti Lm ng

Nhm b
Ch tiu
F1 (1/2 HF) F2 (3/4 HF) F3 (7/8 HF) HF-Nh HF-Tt

S mu 88 91 95 84 78
a a a b b
VCK khng m (%) 8,81 8,79 8,84 8,56 8,54
a b c d d
M (%) 4,26 3,91 3,77 3,46 3,40
a a a b b
Protein (%) 3,57 3,54 3,54 3,30 3,36

Ghi ch: Nhng gi tr trung bnh trong mi hng c mang ch khc nhau th sai khc c ngha thng k
(P < 0,05).

Mc d b HF thun Lm ng c t l vn l b lai F1 v di nht l b HF thun nui

m cng nh protein v VCK khng m thp
hn so vi cc loi b lai, nhng nu theo
Nguyn Hu Lng v CS (2006) n b sa HF
nhp t Australia nui ti Mc Chu c hm
lng VCK khng m l 8,31%, m sa 2,8%,
protein 3,12% v cc ch tiu tng ng ca b
ny nui ti H Nam l 8,38%, 3,33% v 3,37%
th b HF thun Lm ng vn c cc ch tiu
tng ng cao hn.
nng h (391,86 ngy).
Khi tng t l mu HF th sn lng sa
tng nhng t l m sa gim.
Sn lng sa/chu k 305 ngy ca tt c
cc loi b u cao nht la th 4.
Sn lng sa v cht lng sa ca cc
loi b nui Lm ng tng ng hoc tt
hn so vi b cng loi nui cc khu vc khc
trong nc.

4. KT LUN 5. TI LIU THAM KHO

Tt c cc loi b lai F1 (1/2 mu HF), b
lai F2 (3/4 mu HF), b lai F3 (7/8 mu HF) v
b HF thun u c phi ging c cha ln
u kh sm, trong sm nht l b lai F1
(15,88 thng) v cao nht l HF nui tp trung
(18,07 thng).
Thi gian cha li sau ca cc nhm b
u sm nn khong cch la ca chng kh
l tng (khong 12-13 thng), trong tt nht
H nh Chnh (2003). Nghin cu thc trng
nui dng nhm xc nh cc bin php k
thut nng cao sn lng v cht lng
sa ca n b sa Lm ng. Bo co khoa
hc, S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
Lm ng.
V Ch Cng, V Vn Ni, Nguyn Vn Nin,
V Vn S, L Trng Lp, Tng Xun Lu,
Nguyn Quc t, on Trng Tun, Lu
287
 Nguyn Xun Trch, Phm Phi Long
Cng Khanh, Phm Th Hu, ng Th
Dung, Nguyn Xun Trch (2006). Kt qa
chn lc b ci 3/4 v 7/8 HF to n b
ht nhn lai hng sa t trn 4.000kg/chu
k. Bo co khoa hc, Vin Chn nui 2006.
L ng nh (1996). Nghin cu tnh nng sn
xut b lai 1/2, 3/4, 7/8 mu Holstein
Friesian v nh hng ca mt s bin php
chm sc, nui dng n sn lng sa ca
chng. Lun n Ph tin s khoa hc Nng
nghip.
Nguyn Quc t (1998). Mt s c im v
ging ca n b ci lai (Holstein Friesian x
Lai Sindhi) hng sa nui ti Thnh ph H
Ch Minh. Lun n Tin s Nng nghip, Vin
Khoa hc K thut Nng nghip, H Ni.
Trn Don Hi (1979). Kt qu tp giao i 1
gia b lang trng en v b lai Sind. Bo
co khoa hc, Vin Chn nui -1979.
Nguyn Hu Lng, Kim Tuyn, Nguyn
Vn ang, Hong Kim Giao, Nguyn Vit
Hi, V Vn Ni, L Vn Tho, Trn Sn
H, V Ngc Hiu, Nguyn Sc Mnh,
288
Nguyn Hng Sn, Nguyn Th Dng
Huyn (2006). Nghin cu mt s ch tiu
kinh t k thut ca b sa c nhp ni Vit
Nam (nm 2002 - 2004). Bo co khoa hc,
Vin Chn nui - 2006.
Tng Xun Lu (1999). nh gi mt s c
im ca b lai hng sa ti Ba V - H Ty
v bin php nng cao kh nng sinh sn ca
chng. Lun vn thc s Nng nghip, i
hc Nng nghip H Ni.
Nguyn Kim Ninh (1994). Nghin cu kh nng
sinh trng sinh sn v cho sa ca b lai F1
(HF x lai Sind) nui ti Ba V. Lun n Ph
tin s khoa hc Nng nghip, Vin Khoa hc
K thut Nng nghip, H Ni.
Nguyn Vn Thng (1995). K thut nui b
sa - b tht gia nh. NXB Nng nghip,
H Ni.
Kim Tuyn (2004). Nghin cu mt s ch
tiu kinh t k thut ca b sa c nhp ni
Vit Nam (nm 2002 - 2004). Bo co khoa
hc, Vin Chn nui - 2004.