Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht trin 2011: Tp 9, s 5: 759 - 765 TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

NGHIN CU MT S C IM SINH HC, DCH T HC CA SN L TUYN TY

EURYTREMA SPP K SINH TRU, B, D VNG NG BNG SNG HNG
V, BIN PHP PHNG TR

A Study on Some Biological, Epidemiological Features of Pancreatic Fluke

Eurytrema spp in Buffalo, Cattle, Goats in the Red River Delta
and Preventive Measures

Nguyn Th Hng Chin, Nguyn Vn Th, Nguyn Th Hong Yn

Khoa Th y, Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni

a ch email tc gi lin h: nthchien@hua.edu.vn
Ngy gi ng:29.05.2011; Ngy chp nhn: 26.10.2011

TM TT
Nghin cu c tin hnh tru, b, d ti cc tnh thuc H Ni, H Nam, Hi Dng, Vnh
Phc nhm xc nh mt s c im sinh hc v dch t hc ca sn l tuyn ty k sinh xc
nh c sn l tuyn ty k sinh tru, b, d ti cc tnh trn l loi Eurytrema pancreaticum.
Qua phng php m khm cho bit Eurytrema pancreaticum k sinh tru l 8.54%, b: 17%, d:
2.24%. Cng nhim sn cao nht thy trn b ti tnh H Nam l 7 - 71 con/ c th. Qua
phng php xt nghim phn, xc nh t l nhim Eurytrema spp cao nht b 24.82 % ti a
im H Nam. i vi tru t l nhim ti H Ni cao nht: 20%. Vi d, t l nhim cao nht l
3.33% Vnh Phc. Nghin cu mt s c im sinh hc xc nh E. pancreaticum c kch thc
8,17 0,12 mm chiu di, 4,58 0,14 mm chiu rng. Trng ca E. pancreaticum c kch thc
0,043 0,02 mm chiu di, 0,031 0,03 mm chiu rng. Trng ca E. pancreaticum c kh nng
hnh thnh Miracidium tt nht mi trng c pH = 7,2. Miracidium khng c kh nng thot v
trong mi trng nc nhn to. Thm d thuc iu tr E. Pancreaticum cho thy praziquantel c
kh nng ty sn rt tt.
T kha: Sn l tuyn ty, phng php gn ra sa lng, m khm.

SUMMARY
A study was conducted Ha Noi, Ha Nam, Hai Duong, Vinh Phuc province in order to identify some
biological and epidemiological features of parasitic pancreatic fluke in buffalo, cattle and goats. The
parasitic pancreatic fluke found in the above mentioned animal species belonged to the species
named Eurytrema pancreaticum. By necropsy, the prevalence of Eurytrema pancreaticum infection in
buffalo, cattle and goats were 8.54%, 17%, 2.24%, respectively. The highest intensity of worm infection
(7-71 flukes per animal) was found in cattle in Hanam. Through feces test, the highest Eurytrema spp
infection incidence (24.82 %) was found in cows in Hanam. In buffalo, the highest infection incidence
(20%) was noticed in Hanoi. In goats, the highest prevalence (3.33%) was observed in Vinh Phuc. E.
pancreaticum was 8.17 0.12 mm in length and 4.58 0.14 mm in width. E. pancreaticum eggs was
0.043 0.02 mm in length and 0.031 0.03 mm in width. Miracidium could be best hatched from eggs
of E. pancreaticum in an environment with a pH of 7.2. It was unable to hatch miracidium in an
artificial aquatic environment. Praziquantel was shown to be very effective in treatment of E.
Pancreaticum.
Key words: Eurytrema pancreaticum, intensity of infection, necropsy..
 Nghin cu mt s c im sinh hc, dch t hc ca sn l tuyn ty ....... v bin php phng tr
1. T VN
Trong nhng nm gn y, ngnh chn
nui nc ta ang tng bc pht trin
mnh m c s lng v cht lng. S lng
n gia sc nc ta tng nhanh p ng nhu
cu thc phm cho nhn dn v tham gia
vo th trng xut khu (Tng cc thng
k, 2008). Chn nui tru, b, d nc ta
c t lu i. Tht tru, b, d tr
thnh ngun thc phm thit yu hng ngy
ca ngi dn. nng cao c cht lng
n gia sc ngoi vic quan tm n cht
lng n ging, thc n, k thut, phng
thc chn nui, cc yu t mi trng
sng...th vic phng chng bnh dch l mt
yu cu cn thit. nc ta, bnh k sinh
trng xy ra quanh nm, ko di, m ,lm
cho gia sc chm ln, gim sc khng, d
mc cc bnh truyn nhim (Phan Lc & cs.,
1995). Bnh sn l tuyn ty do sn
Eurytrema spp k sinh tuyn ty nhiu
loi gia sc nh tru, b, d lm nh hng
ln trong chn nui (Bi Lp & cs., 1978).
Bnh sn l tuyn tu lm gim kh nng
sinh trng, pht trin do gy ri lon trao
i ng, m protit ng vt (Phm Vn
Khu v Phan Lc, 1996). Cc tnh ng
bng sng Hng c truyn thng chn nui
tru b d t rt lu. V vy, nghin cu
c tin hnh ti 4 tnh l H Ni, H
Nam, Thi Bnh, Vnh Phc nhm xc nh
loi sn l tuyn tu gy bnh trn tru, b,
d v bc u xc nh t l, cng
nhim sn ti cc tnh nghin cu. Nghin
cu cng xc nh mt s c im sinh hc
ca trng sn l tuyn tu trong cc mi
trng khc nhau t a ra bin php
phng tr hiu qu nht.
2. VT LIU Vo PHNG PHP
2.1 i tng v vt liu nghin cu
Nghin cu c tin hnh trn cc gia
sc: tru, b v d ln hn mt nm tui.
Phn ca cc loi gia sc ny c ly ti cc
tnh: H Ni, H Nam, Hi Dng, Vnh
Phc thuc ng bng sng Hng. Sn l
tuyn ty Eurytrema spp. v trng sn l
tuyn ty Eurytrema spp c thu thp t
phn ca cc vt nui ni trn
Thi gian tin hnh nghin cu t thng
1/2009 n thng 12/2009
2.2 Phng php nghin cu
iu tra dch t hc c tin hnh theo
phng php nghin cu ct ngang. mi
tnh chn 2 huyn i din i din cho vng
sinh thi khc nhau: ng bng v min ni.
Nghin cu c tin hnh ti 8 huyn ca 4
tnh l huyn Gia Lm, Sc Sn thuc H
Ni, 2 huyn Thanh Min v Ch Linh thuc
tnh Hi Dng, 2 huyn M Linh v Tam
o thuc tnh Vnh Phc, 2 huyn Duy
Tin v Thanh Lim thuc tnh H Nam.
Sn l tuyn tu ca tru, b, d c
thu thp bng phng php m khm ton
din 1 kh quan l tuyn ty tm sn l
k sinh. Tin hnh m khm 82 tru, 147
b, 134 d 8 huyn thuc 4 tnh ni trn.
Sau , nh loi sn l tuyn ty theo theo
kha nh loi ca Phan Th Vit v cs.
(1977). Qua phng php m khm, xc
nh t l (%) nhim sn l tuyn ty cc
im nghin cu da trn s lng tru, b,
d nhim v tru, b, d khng b nhim.
Cng nhim c xc nh bng s
lng sn t nht/con (k hiu l Min) v s
lng sn nhiu nht/con (k hiu l Max).
Xt nghim phn tru, b, d bng phng
php gn ra sa lng thu thp mu
trng sn l tuyn ty t cng xc nh
t l, cng nhim.
Mu sn l thu thp c em v phng
k sinh trng xc nh mt s c im
sinh hc E. pancreaticum trng thnh c
thu lm bng phng php gn ra sa lng
(hay di ra nhiu ln). Sau
E. pancreaticum c lm cht trong nc
l, p mng v bo qun trong cn 700.
Trng gi c ly t t cung ca sn
 Nguyn Th Hng Chin, Nguyn Vn Th, Nguyn Th Hong Yn
trng thnh, tin hnh xc nh kch thc
ca E. pancreaticum trng thnh v trng
ca sn.
nh loi trng Eurytrema spp theo
kha nh loi ca Mnnig. Theo di s pht
trin nghin ca trng Eurytrema spp. bng
cch nui trng sn trong cc a petri,
trong cc mi trng c pH khc nhau.
mi pH nui 100 trng. kim tra s
pht trin ca trng E. pancreaticum trong
mi trng c pH khc nhau c tin
hnh th nghim nui cy trong cc mi
trng c pH khc nhau l 7,2, 4,5, 6,8,
8,0 v 9,0. mi pH nui 100 trng gm
c nhng trng hnh thnh Miracidium
v nhng trng ch cha phi bo. Nu
trng cn kh nng pht trin th t bo
trong trng vn pht trin, t bo vn phn
chia. Nu t bo trong trng khng pht
trin, trng khng phn chia th trng
khng cn kh nng pht trin.
Sau khi iu tra nm c khi qut
tnh hnh nhim k sinh trng tru, b.
tm c bin php ty tr hp l i vi
sn l tuyn ty, tin hnh th nghim
thm d hiu lc ca thuc praziquantel.
Th nghim thuc ty sn c tin hnh
trn 10 b nhim sn l tuyn ty vi t l
cao. Trc ht tm hiu an ton ca
thuc vi b, tin hnh theo di ch tiu sinh
l ca b trc v sau khi dng thuc 1 gi
so snh s nh hng ca thuc n sc
khe ca b th nghim. Th nghim thuc
cn c vo sch trng sn sau khi ty,
tin hnh ly phn xt nghim kim tra
mc sch sn.
Cc ch tiu sinh l c theo di gm:
nhit , nhp tim, nhp th v nhu ng d
c c xc nh trong hon cnh gia sc
khng b tc ng mnh, cc ch tiu sinh l
c kim tra bng cc dng c y t l ng
nghe v nhit k.
2.3. X l s liu
S dng chng trnh phn mm
Minitab 14 x l s liu vi cc tham s:
s trung bnh: X , lch chun: Sx Sai s
tiu chun: SE (Pascal v Federic, 1999)
T l nhim c tnh bng t l phn
trm (%). Cng nhim qua m khm
nh gi nh tnh o theo cc tr s Min (nh
nht) v Max (ln nht).
Cng nhim qua m khm nh gi
nh tnh qua cc mc nhim nh (+), nhim
trung bnh (++) v nhim nng (+++).
3. KT QU Vo THO LUN
3.1. nh loi sn Eurytrema spp tru,
b, d
Quan st cu to cc loi sn l di
knh hin vi c phng i 120 ln. E.
pancreaticum: trn tiu bn ti thy sn c
mu sng, hnh l, cui thn nh ra nh
hnh li. C hai gic bm hnh trn, gic
ming ln hn gic bng.
Trn tiu bn nhum thy sn c thc
qun ngn, hu nh, hai manh trng hnh
ng xp dc hai bn thn. Tinh hon hnh
bu dc nm sau ca gic bng. Bung
trng nh hn tinh hon nhiu ln sau
gic bng. Tuyn non hong hnh chm
hai bn thn v xp pha sau tinh hon.
Vi c im hnh thi, cu to nh trn
ph hp vi kha phn loi ca Nguyn Th
Vit v Nguyn Th K, Nguyn Th L
(1997) (Phan Th Vit, Nguyn Th K,
Nguyn Th L, 1977) Sn l tuyn ty c
gic ming ln, kch thc 2,47x2,50mm.
Gic bng nh hn gic ming, kch thc
1,82x 1,82 mm, nm gn gia c th. Thc
qun ngn. Hai nhnh rut ko di, cch
mt sau c th 1,5x2,0mm. Tinh hon hnh
 Nghin cu mt s c im sinh hc, dch t hc ca sn l tuyn ty ....... v bin php phng tr

bu dc, nm sau gic bng. Bung trng
nh hn tinh hon.Tuyn non hong gm
10- 12 chm nm mi bn c th, sau tinh
hon. Nh vy bit c loi sn l gy
bnh l E. pancreaticum
3.2 T l v cng nhim Eurytrema
spp qua m khm
Qua kt qu m khm cho thy t l
tru, b v d nhim sn l tuyn ty ln
lc vi t l l: 8,54%, 17% v 2,24%. Trong
, H Ni c t l nhim cao nht, tng
ng l 28,57% trn b, 22,72% trn tru,
2,5% trn d. i vi Hi Dng v H Nam,
khng tm thy Eurytrema spp k sinh trn
b v d (Bng 1).
Ring loi sn l Eurytrema spp c t l
nhim thp hn rt nhiu so vi cc nghin
cu trc y khi nghin cu t l nhim
chung ca tt c cc loi giun sn. Phan Lc
& cs., 1995) cho bit: tru nhim 70,0%, b
nhim 61,20% v d nhim 20%.
Cng nhim Eurytrema spp dao
ng trong khong t 1-71 sn/c th, nh
H Nam. Cng nhim Eurytrema spp
trn b cao hn tru. So vi tru v b th d
c cng nhim thp nht, c bit khi
m khm 134 d ch c 3 con b nhim chim
t l 2,24% c con no nhim vi 1 -3 con
sn/ c th (Bng 1).
3.3 T l v cng nhim Eurytrema
spp tru, b, d qua xt nghim phn
Ti H Ni xt nghm trn cc mu
phn tru, b v d cho t l nhim ln lt
l 20%, 22,22%, 2,22%. T l nhim cao nht
l mu phn b H Nam 24,82%. Kt qu
kim tra cng trng trong phn ch dao
ng trong khong + n ++. Kt qu xt
nghim phn hon ton ph hp nh kt
qu m khm. Nhng ni c cng nhim
sn qua phng php m khm cao hn, khi
xt nghim phn cng d tm thy trng sn
l tuyn ty v cho kt qu t l cao hn. C
th, ti H Nam, phng php m khm
pht hin c cng nhim sn trn b
l 1- 71 sn/c th, phng php xt nghim
phn cng tm thy 24,82% b nhim sn v
cng trng ++ trong phn chim t l
28,57% (Bng 2).
Sau khi tm xc nh c mt s c im
lu hnh ca sn l tuyn ty ti cc tnh.

Bng 1. T l v cng nhim Eurytrema spp qua m khm

Tru B D
Vng S S S
nghin S Cng S Cng S Cng
kim kim kim T l
cu nhim T l (%) (Min - nhim T l (%) (Min - nhim (Min -
tra tra tra (%)
(con) Max) (con) Max) (con) Max)
(con) (con) (con)

Hi
22 0 0 0 43 6 13.95 12-57 38 0 0 0
Dng

H Ni 22 5 22.72 1-9 35 10 28.57 1-8 40 1 2.5 1

Vnh
21 2 9.52 2-8 30 3 10 5-9 30 2 5 1-3
Phc

H Nam 17 0 0 0 39 6 15.38 7 - 71 26 0 0 0

Tng 82 7 8.54 1-9 147 25 17.00 1 - 71 134 3 2.24 1 -3

 Nguyn Th Hng Chin, Nguyn Vn Th, Nguyn Th Hong Yn

Bng 2. T l v cng nhim Eurytrema spp tru, b d

qua xt nghim phn
Cng
S mu S mu T l (+) (++) (+++)
Loi gia
a im kim tra nhim nhim S S S
sc T l T l T l
(con) (con) (%) nhim nhim nhim
(%) (%) (%)
(con) (con) (con)
Tru 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hi Dng B 89 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tru 20 4 20 4 100 0 0 0 0
H Ni B 100 22 22 19 86.36 3 13.64 0 0
D 45 1 2.22 1 100 0 0 0 0
Tru 29 2 6.68 2 100 0 0 0 0
Vnh Phc B 74 5 6.76 5 100 0 0 0 0

D 30 1 3.33 1 100 0 0 0 0
Tru 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H Nam B 141 35 24.82 25 71.43 10 28.57 0 0
D 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0,14mm, trng ca E. pancreaticum c chiu

3.4 Kch thc ca E. pancreaticum
trng thnh v trng di 0,043 0,02mm v chiu rng l 0,031

Vit Nam hin nay c rt t tc gi 0,03mm.

nghin cu v kch thc ca E. pancreaticum.
Do vy cc thng s v kch thc ca E.
pancreaticum cha c nhng s liu c th v
chnh xc. Kt qu xc nh cc s o ca E.
pancreaticum v trng trong nghin cu s
gip xy dng d liu v kch thc ca E.
pancreaticum Vit Nam (Bng 3).
Bng 3. Kch thc ca Eurytrema
pancreaticum trng thnh v trng
Kch thc
S mu nghin cu Chiu di
(n = 200)
(mm)
Xmx
E. pancreaticum trng thnh 8,17 0,12
Trng E. pancreaticum 0,043 0,02
Nh vy, E. pancreaticum trng thnh
c chiu di 8,17 0,12 mm, rng 4,58
3.5 S pht trin ca trng E.
pancreaticum trong cc mi trng
Bng 4 cho thy, nhng trng E.
pancreaticum cha hnh thnh Miracidium
c kh nng hnh thnh Miracidium pH
= 7,2 (mi trng nc ct), pH = 6,8 (mi
trng axit axetic) v pH = 8,0 (mi trng
NaOH). Trong , t l trng hnh thnh
Miracidium cao nht trong mi trng pH
= 7,2 (mi trng nc ct), sau n mi
Chiu rng trng pH = 6,8. pH = 8,0 ch c 8,33%
(mm) s trng hnh thnh Miracidium. Nh vy,
Xmx trng ca E. pancreaticum c kh nng
pht trin c mi trng c pH l
4,58 0,14
7,2, 6,8 v 8,0 v pH gi vai tr quan trng
0,031 0,03 trong s pht trin ca trng cc loi sn
l ni chung v trng ca E. pancreaticum
ni ring.
 Nghin cu mt s c im sinh hc, dch t hc ca sn l tuyn ty ....... v bin php phng tr

Bng 4. S pht trin ca trng E. pancreaticum trong cc mi trng

0
Nhit ( C) S trng S trng c
Miracidium T l
Mi trng nui pH hnh thnh T l (%)
(%)
Min Max Miracidium thot v

Nc ct 25 36 7,2 23/50 46,00 - -

DD axit axetic 25 36 4,5 - - - -

DD axit axetic 25 36 6,5 19/54 35,18 - -

DD NaOH 25 36 8,0 5/60 8,33 - -

DD NaOH 25 36 9,0 - - - -

Ch thch: (-) trng khng bin i

Odum, 1978 nhn xt: pH l mt

yu t gii hn quan trng vi sinh vt.
Trong mi trng nc, pH c vai tr iu
ha h hp v h men ca c th sinh vt.
Trong nc, khi pH gim thp s lm ngho
cht sinh dng ca mi trng, kh nng
sn xut ca sinh vt s gim i r rt. V hn trc nhng vn trong phm vi bnh
vy, so snh kt qu ny vi kt qu nghin
cu ca Nguyn Vn Th (2004 ) v s pht
trin ca trng Fasciolopsis buski thy: trng
ca F. buski c t l hnh thnh Miracidium rt
cao. C th l 92,00% s trng hnh thnh
Miracidium khi nui trong mi trng pH = 7,2
(mi trng nc my), 70,80% v 12,00% s
trng hnh thnh Miracidium pH tng ng
l 6,5 v 8,0.
Kt qu theo di nhng trng hnh
thnh Miracidium v nhng trng hnh
thnh trong qu trnh nui cho thy
khng c trng no cha Miracidium c
kh nng thot v. iu ny cng c
gii thch l do c im sinh hc ca E.
pancreaticum. Khng ging nh nhng
loi sn l khc, Miracidium ca E.
pancreaticum ch c th thot v khi n
xm nhp c vo vt ch trung gian th
nht l cc loi c cn.
3.6 Kt qu th nghim thuc ty sn
Eurytrema spp
Mc an ton ca thuc praziquantel
Khi ty tr sn cho b an ton, cc ch
tiu sinh l sau khi ty c xu hng tng
thng. Nhit sau khi ty tng 0,380C,
nhp tim tng 1,78 ln/pht, nhp th tng
1,14 ln/pht, nhu ng d c tng 0,15 ln/
2 pht
nh gi hiu lc ca thuc ty
Hiu lc ca thuc ty da vo mc
sch trng sn trn b sau c nh gi
sau khi ty 15 ngy. Kt qu s dng
praziquantel 5 -10mg/kg P cho thy c 10 b
ty u khng cn trng sn Eurytrema spp.
4. KT LUN
Loi sn l tuyn ty pht hin b ti
cc im nghin cu l Eurytrema
pancreaticum.
Trn cc gia sc tru b, d nui ti cc
a phng thuc vng ng bng Bc b,
qua xt m khm thu c t l nhim
Eurytrema pancreaticum tru l 8,54%,
 Nguyn Th Hng Chin, Nguyn Vn Th, Nguyn Th Hong Yn
b: 17%, d: 2,24%. Trong , H Ni l a
phng c t l nhim cao nht: tru
22,72%, b: 28,52%, d: 2,5%. Cng
nhim sn cao nht thy trn b ti tnh
H Nam l 7 - 71 con/ c th. Thng qua xt
nghim phn tm trng cho thy, t l nhim
Eurytrema spp cao nht b 24,82 % ti H
Nam, tip n l b H Ni c t l nhim
22%. i vi tru t l nhim ti H Ni cao
nht: 20%. Vi d, t l nhim cao nht l
3.33% Vnh Phc
E. pancreaticum trng thnh b c
kch thc 8,17 0,12 mm chiu di v 4,58
0,14 mm chiu rng. Trng ca E.
pancreaticum c kch thc: 0,043 0,02 mm
chiu di v 0,031 0,03 mm chiu rng.
Trng ca E. pancreaticum c kh nng
hnh thnh Miracidium tt nht mi
trng c pH = 7,2, khng c kh nng hnh
thnh Miracidium mi trng c pH = 4,5
v pH = 9,0. Miracidium khng c kh nng
thot v trong mi trng nc nhn to.
Kt qu ty sn Eurytrema spp vi
thuc ty paraziquantel cho kt qu tt.
ToI LIU THAM KHO
J. Drozdz v A. Malczewski (1967). Ni k sinh
vt v bnh k sinh vt gia sc Vit Nam,
NXB Khoa hc k thut, H Ni.
Phm Vn Khu, Phan Lc (1996). K sinh trng
th y, NXB Nng nghip, H Ni.
Bi Lp, Trng Minh, L Lp (1978). Mt s
c im dch t hc bnh sn l tuyn ty ca
b Ngha Bnh v bin php phng tr, Khoa
hc k thut th y, s 1.
Phan Lc, Vng c Cht, Trn Vn Quyn
(1995). Tnh hnh nhim K sinh trng ng
tiu ha ca tru b cc tnh pha Bc Vit
Nam, Bo co hi tho khoa hc th y v k
sinh trng th y REI, i hc Nng nghip H
Ni.
Odum, E.P (1978). C s sinh hc (Phm Bnh
Quyn, Hong Kim Nhu, L V Khi, Mai
nh Yn dch 1978), NXB i hc v Trung
hc chuyn nghip, H Ni.
Pascal Leroy, Fre de ric Farnia (1999). Thng k
sinh hc (ng V Bnh dch, 1999), Khoa
Chn nui - Th y, Trng i hc Nng
nghip I.
Nguyn Nh Thanh, Phng Quc Chng (2006).
Phng php thc hnh vi sinh vt th y, NXB
Nng nghip.
Nguyn Vn Th (2004). Mt s c im sinh
hc, dch t hc, bin php phng tr
Fasciolopsis buski ln vng ng bng sng
Hng, Lun n Tin s Nng nghip - H Ni.
Tng cc Thng k (2008). Nin gim thng k
(2007). NXB Thng k, H Ni.
Phan Th Vit, Nguyn Th K, Nguyn Th L
(1977). Giun sn k sinh ng vt Vit Nam,
NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni.