12

12.1

,
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,
..), .

,
.
,
, (, , )
. , , ,
/ ,
,

. ,
,
.

.

12.2 (....) -
Underbalanced Drilling (U.D.)

,
, ,
( 12.1) (bottom-hole pressure)
(formation pore fluid pressure).

. : )
(formation damage)
) (
) ,
.

225
 ,
, ,
,
.

2.

1.

12.3. (1) (2)

12.2.1

,
. ,
, , (
, ).

.
,
( 12.2),
.
(rotating flow diverter)
,

. BOP (blow out preventer),

.
(surface separation package)
, ,

( ,
, ,
).

,
(gas injection package).
, ,
(full scale simulators) ,
, ,

226
 ,

.

.
/ .

12.2. &

12.2.2

, , ,
(completion)
.
, (
) .
, , ,
.
12.1 12.3,
, .

227
 12.1. .... -

- .

.

.

.

.

.
( ) .
.
.
.

12.2. ....

.

.
,
.
.
, , .

12.3. .....

,
.

.


.
,
.
E .
.

228
12.3 (.....) - Slim Hole
Drilling (S.H.D.)

90%
7 in , ,
6 in ( 90% ). ,
4,5-5 in, , 2 in .
, ,
,
1 in. ( 12.3).
.
, ,
. :
o
.
o , , ,
.
o
,

.

(MWD, LWD),
, .

12.3. ,

229
12.3.1

:
(continuous coring), (top drive),
( - destructive drilling),
(positive displacement motors).
, ,
(top-down approach)
12.3.

(
(thrusters) .
Shell
.

12.3.2

.
10-15% ( 12.4),
40%.
:


(.. 50-60
1.000-1.500 )
(12-15 25-30 ),
( 75% )

12.4.

230
 12.4 12.6
.

12.4

.
,
, ,
, , ,
,
.
.
.
( ).
( , ,
).

12.5 -

(well control).

, ,
(
1 bbl, 15 bbl
).

kick.

(swabbing pressures),
.

, .

12.6 -

,
,
(630 - 1.260
bbls/day).
(re-entry) ,
, ,
.
.

231
12.4 (....) - Coiled
Tubing Drilling (C.T.D.)

( ) ,
, (reel), , ,
.
( )
35 . , 90


.

12.4.1

,
, .

,
, ( 12.5). ,
,
(sliding).

. , . , . ,
. , . ,
. () (/),
. -/, . , . , .

. , .

12.5.

232

.
. ,
( ,
, )
,
.
,
12.7 12.10.
, .
.


.
, ,

. , ,
, ,
.

12.7. -

.

.

, .
.
(re-entry) .
,
,
, .
,
, (gas relief wells), .

.
w
.
,
, .

233
 12.8. -

( 6 in).
,
.
,
.
,
,
.

.
,
.

12.9. -

,
,
.
, ,
.
,
, .
,
, .

,
.
,
, .

234