TABLE of CONTENTS

PART ONE 5

TENSES 5
PRESENT TENSE, SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS 5
PAST TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS 8
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS 10
PAST PERFECT TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS 15
FUTURE TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS 17
FUTURE TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOU S 18
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS 22
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 25
I WISH 30
PASSIVE VOICE . 32
CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION 36
INDIRECT SPEECH 40
AUXILIARIES 47
Alap-segdigk: do, be, have 47
A mdbeli segdigk 49
QUESTION TAGS 76
INFINITIVE 81
GERUND 95
GERUND OR INFINITIVE 100
PARTICIPLE 102
INVERSION 108
EMBEDDED QUESTIONS 113
RELATIVE CLAUSES 115

PART T W O . . : 119

NOUNS 119
PLURAL FORMS 119
ARTICLES 122
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE 122
THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE 133
PRONOUNS 141
REFLEXIVE - RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS 153
ADJECTIVES 156
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 156
ADVERBS 168
STILL, ALREADY, YET, ANY LONGER, ANY MORE 169
FAR, LONG, MUCH, MANY 170
CONJUNCTIONS 171
CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS 171
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS 173
PREPOSITIONS 179
VERBS + PREPOSITIONS 185
PHRASAL VERBS 189
MIXED SENTENCES 196
P R E S E N T T E N S E , SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S TENSES

PART ONE

TENSES
(Az igeidk rendszere)

PRESENT TENSE, SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS

SIMPLE PRESENT

A Simple Present Tense jelen idej cselekvsek kifejezsre szolgl:

a. A jelenben vgbemen egyszeri, pillanatnyi cselekvs:

The doctor arrives. .

b. A jelenben szoksos vagy ismtld cselekvs:

He teaches biology.

c. Az alanyra ltalban jellemz cselekvs:

My friend visits me every Sunday.

d. ltalnos igazsgok kifejezse:

The sun sets in the west.

Ehhez az igeidhz az albbi idhatrozk kapcsoldsa jellemz:

always, usually, never, sometimes, often, everyday (morning, year...),

once (twice, three...times) an hour (a day, a week....)

Kpzsnl az egyes szm 3. szemlyben -s vgzdst kap az ige a kijelent mdban.

/ like milk. - He likes milk.

5
TENSES P R E S E N T T E N S E , SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

Krd s tagad mondatban a do/does segdigt hasznljuk:

Krd: Tagad:
Why do you go to bed so early? / don't start work at seven.
When does he usually get up in the morning? She doesn't want to marry that silly boy.

De
alanyra krdezsnl nem kell do/does:
Who laughs at our teacher?
Which boy studies every day?
How many pupils go to school by bus?
kivve
ha tagad krdsrl van sz:
Which boy doesn't often do homework?
Who doesn't drink tea for breakfast?
How many pupils don't go to music lessons ?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

A Present Continuous Tense (folyamatos jelen id) a szemnk eltt jtszd, ill. a beszd
pillanatban zajl esemnyek, cselekvsek lersra szolgl.

Kpzse: to be + az ige -ing vgzdssel elltott alakja

Kapcsold idhatrozk:

now, at present, at the moment, just now ... stb.

We are playing chess.

What are the children doing in the living room?
My daughter isn't doing her homework now.

A kt igeid kontrasztivitsa:

/ never go to the cinema but now I'm going there because there is a good film on.
He never reads women's magazines but now he is reading one because he found an
interesting article in it.
I watch TV every day but tonight I'm working on my thesis.
We visit our parents every week-end but now we are going for an outing.

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Mindig tejet iszom reggelire.
2. Soha nem kelek fel ht ra eltt.
3. Gyakran segtek anymnak a hzimunkban.
4. Rendszerint tzkor fekszem le.
5. Hnykor szoktl felkelni?
6. Szokott n reggelizni?
7. Mikor szoktl a hgoddal tallkozni?
8. Minden este megmossa a fogt?
9. Minden szombat este elmegy szrakozni.
10. Gyakran ebdelnk ebben az tteremben. Mi is.

6
P R E S E N T T E N S E , SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S TENSES
11. Vasrnaponknt sohasem keltek korn, igaz?
12. Htvgn rendszerint megltogatom a szleimet. n is.
13. Rendszeresen szoktad ellenrizni a fket? Termszetesen.
14. Mindig idben szoktad kifizetni a villanyszmlt?
15. A nagynnm a menzn szokott ebdelni. A gyerekei is.
16. Melyik megllnl szoktl leszllni?
17. Milyen gyakran jrsz szni? Hetente ktszer.
18. Milyen gyakran ellenrizteted a vrnyomsodat?
19. Apm havonta ktszer nyrja a fvet.
20. Minden vben elmegynk nyaralni a Balatonra.
21. Mindig jl lebarnulok a Balatonnl.
22. Minden tlen esik a h Angliban?
23. Mirt nem eszel tbb zldsget?
24. Az igazat megvallva, a gyerekeim sem szeretik a spentot.
25. ltalban kvt iszom reggelire, de most tejes tet.
26. Minden nap egyedl vsrolok, de ma viszem a lnyomat is.
27. Nlatok ki viszi a gyerekeket az vodba?
28. Ki nem dolgozik naponta nyolc rt?
29. Kik szoktak rendszeresen elksni az eladsrl?
30. Kik nem kapnak munkanlkli seglyt?
31. Mirt nzel engem?
32. Min nevetsz?
33. Kire vrsz?
34. A kutym ppen a szomszd macskjt kergeti a kertben. Valban?
35. Mg mindig a hzi feladatodat rod?
36. Soha nem szokott dolgozni a kertben. Akkor most mirt gyomllja a
virggysokat?
37. Estnknt ltalban tvt nznk, de ma vendgeink vannak.
38.Igyekezz! Jn a busz.
39. Mirt nincs rajtad a szemveged?
40. Mit mond? Nem hallom tisztn.
41. Mindig a legalkalmatlanabb idben ltogat meg.
42. Mindig hazudozik. Ne higgy neki.
43. ltalban komolyan gondolja, amit mond, de most csak trfl.
44. Nem tudja felvenni a kagylt, mert taptzza a nappalit.

Megoldsok
1. I always drink milk for breakfast.
2. I never get up before seven o'clock.
3. I often help my mother with the housework.
4. I usually go to bed at ten o'clock.
5. What time do you usually get up?
6. Do you usually have breakfast?
7. When do you usually meet your younger sister?
8. Does he clean his teeth every evening?
9. He goes out every Saturday evening.
10. We often have lunch in this restaurant. So do we.
11. You never get up early on Sundays, do you?
12. At the week-end I usually go to see my parents. So do I.
13. Do you regularly check the brakes? Of course I do.

7
TENSES . P A S T T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

14. Do you always pay the electricity bill on time?

15. My aunt usually has lunch in the canteen. So do her children.
16. Which bus stop do you usually get off at? / At which bus stop do you usually get
off?
17. How often do you go swimming? Twice a week.
18. How often do you have your blood pressure checked?
19. My father mows the lawn twice a month.
20. Every year we go on holiday to Lake Balaton.
21.1 always get a good suntan at Lake Balaton.
22. Does it snow in England every winter?
23. Why don't you eat more vegetables?
24. To tell the truth, my children don't like spinach, either.
25. I usually drink coffee for breakfast but now I'm drinking tea with milk.
26. Every day I do the shopping on my own but today I'm taking my daughter, too.
27. Who takes the children to the nursery in your family?
28. Who doesn't work eight hours a day?
29. Who are usually late for the lecture?
30. Who doesn't receive unemployment benefit?
31. Why are you looking at me?
32. What are you laughing at?
33. Who are you waiting for?
34. My dog is chasing the neighbour's cat in the garden. Is it?
35. Are you still doing your homework?
36. He never works in the garden. Then why is he weeding the flowerbeds now?
37. In the evenings we usually watch TV but today we are having guests.
38. Hurry up! The bus is coming.
39. Why aren't you wearing your glasses?
40. What is he saying? I can't hear him clearly.
41. He is always visiting me at the least convenient time. / He always visits ...
42. He is always telling lies. Don't believe him. /He always tells ...
43. He usually means what he says but now he is just joking.
44. He can't answer the phone because he is papering the living room.

PAST TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS

SIMPLE PAST
A Simple Past Tense igeidt a mlt adott, mr lezrult idpontjban vgbement egyszeri
vagy ismtld cselekvs vagy trtns kifejezsre hasznljuk.

A mltra utal idhatrozk:

yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night, last week, lastone day, ... ago, when?, on
Monday, on ..... in 1980, in then.

Yesterday my mother cooked a delicious dinner.

Last year we moved into a new flat.
P A S T T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S TENSES

PAST CONTINUOUS

A Past Continuous Tense (folyamatos mlt) hasznlatos

a. A mlt egy adott idpontjban folyamatban lv cselekvs kifejezsre.

At six o 'clock I was watching TV.

b. A mltban hosszan tart cselekvs kifejezsre, melyet a mondatban az "all" nvmssal

kezdd idhatroz rzkeltet:

all the year, all day, all the time, all week, all the afternoon + az idszak lezrult mivoltt
kifejez idhatroz, all last year, all last week stb.

She was playing the piano all day yesterday.

They were building their house all last year.

c. Kt mlt idej cselekvs kzl a tartsabb kifejezsre.

/ was baking a cake when my husband arrived home.

d. A mltban prhuzamosan zajl cselekvsek kifejezsre.

While I was pruning the trees, my son was digging in the garden.

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Mikor voltl utoljra fodrsznl?
2. Hinyoztak a gyerekeid az iskolbl a mlt hten? Remlem, nem.
3. Ki hozta tegnap haza a gyerekeket az vodbl?
4. Tegnap este hatkor rtem haza. Tnyleg?
5. Jl erezttek magatokat a bulin?
6. Francira tantott nhny vvel ezeltt.
7. A btorunkat rszletre vsroltuk.
8. A mlt kedden kivettem egy szabadnapot, mert szrnyen fjt a fogam.
9. Nem akartalak megbntani.
10. Felszlltam a buszra, kifizettem a viteldjat, s talltam egy szabad lhelyet az
emeletes busz tetejn.
11. Errl jut eszembe, ki nyerte a tegnap esti vetlkedt?
12. Mirt nem krtl az apdtl zsebpnzt?
13. Mikor fizetted be a jvedelemaddat?
14. A mlt hten eltvedtem egy vidki vrosban, s meg kellett krdeznem egy
jrkelt.
15. Kezdek hes lenni, mert csak egy szelet marhahst ettem ebdre.
16. ppen zuhanyozott, amikor szlt a telefon.
17. Aludtunk, amikor fldrengs rzta meg a hzat.
18. A dikok dohnyoztak, amikor a tanr belpett a terembe.
19. Mikzben lefel mentem a lpcsn, megcssztam s elestem.
20. Mikzben a tengerparton stltunk, talltunk egy trtt szrny sirlyt.
21. Elaludtam, mikzben a matek leckmet csinltam.
TENSES . P R E S E N T PERFECT T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

22. Meggette a kezt, mikzben kivette a csirkt a stbl.

23. Mit csinlt ppen, amikor a robbanst-meghallotta?
24. Hirtelen rbredt, hogy rossz irnyba ment.
25. Egsz jjel nem tudtam aludni, mert ugattak a kutyk.
26. Mit csinlt n tegnap t rakor? Az anysommal teztam.
27. ppen egy kirakatot nzegettem, amikor valaki megveregette a vllam.

Megoldsok
1. When did you last go to the hairdresser's?
2. Were your children absent from school last week? I hope not.
3. Who collected the children from the nursery yesterday?
4. Last night I got home at six o'clock. Did you?
5. Did you have a good time at the party?
6. She taught me French a few years ago.
7. We bought our furniture on hire purchase.
8. Last Tuesday I took a day off because I had a terrible toothache.
9. I didn't mean to hurt you.
10. I got on the bus, paid the fare and found a vacant seat on the top floor of the
double-decker.
11. By the way, who won the quiz show last night?
12. Why didn't you ask your father for some pocket money?
13. When did you pay your income tax?
14. Last week I got lost in a country town and I had to ask a passer-by.
15. I'm getting hungry because I only had a slice of beef for lunch.
16. He was having a shower when the telephone rang.
17. We were sleeping when an earthquake shook the house.
18. The students were smoking when the teacher entered the room.
19. As I was going downstairs I slipped and fell.
20. When we were walking on the beach we found a seagull with a broken wing.
21. I fell asleep while I was doing my maths homework.
22. She burnt her hand when she was taking the chicken out of the oven.
23. What were you doing when you heard the explosion?
24. Suddenly he realized that he was going in the wrong direction.
25. I couldn't sleep all night because the dogs were barking.
26. What were you doing at five o'clock yesterday? I was having tea with my mother-
in-law.
27. I was looking at a shop-window when somebody patted me on the shoulder.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Ez az igeid olyan mltbeli cselekvs kifejezsre szolgl, amelynek az eredmnye a

jelenben is ltezik, rzkelhet.

Pl.: / have broken my leg.

10
P R E S E N T PERFECT T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S TENSES

A kvetkez, mg le nem zrult idszakra utal hatrozszkkal kapcsoldik:

already, yet, just, ever, never, this morning (afternoon, year...), today, recently, since, for,
How long....?, Since when... ?

I have never spoken to an Englishman.

We have already enrolled for an intensive language course.

A Present Perfect Simple s a Simple Past Tense kontrasztivitsa:

I haven't bought a new car yet but my brother-in-law bought one last week.
My sister saw this film a few days ago but I have never seen it.
He has written five letters since his boss arrived.
I have learnt the words this morning. My friend is more hard-working, he learnt them
yesterday.

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Jssz ebdelni velnk? Nem, ksznm, mr ebdeltem.
2. Megjavtottk mr a szerelk a kocsimat?
3. Mg nem ittam meg a kvmat.
4. Felkelt mr a nap?
5. Mg nem talltam meg a zsebszmolgpemet.
6. Mr hromszor lttam a Casablanct.
7. A fnkm ppen most utazott el Grgorszgba.
8. Hallottad mr a legfrissebb hreket?
9. ppen most kltztnk j laksba.
10. ppen most rendeltem meg kt jegyet a ma esti eladsra.
11. Mi trtnt a hajaddal?
12. ppen most festettem be.
13. Hol voltl egsz dleltt? - A bankban.
14. Mennyi pnzt gyjtttl ssze idig?
15. Az a fi ht fagylaltot evett meg.
16. Most jutott eszembe, hogy mg nem fizettem ki a lakbrt.
17. Lttad mr valaha a pisai ferde tornyot?
18. Jrtl mr valaha Knban?
19. Mg soha nem jrtam az orszgnak ezen a rszn.
20. Ez a leggyorsabb aut, amit valaha vezettem.
21. Ez a legveszlyesebb kanyar, amit valaha lttam.
22. a legintelligensebb ember, akivel valaha beszltem.
23. Mita rdeklik nt a nyelvek? Gyerekkorom ta.
24. Mita ismered a bartod kollgjt?
25. Mita munkanlkli n? - Tbb hnapja.
26. Mita tudsz ilyen finom gulyslevest fzni?
27. Mita tudsz hegedlni?
28. Mita kell ezt a gygyszert szedned?
29. Mita kell ingznod a munkahelyedre?
30. Szeptember ta tbb munkm van.
31. Hol voltl? Nem lttalak htf ta.
32. Rgta nem kocogtam.

11
TENSES PRESENT PERFECT T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

33. Nem rt nekem, mita klfldre kltztt.

34. Amita hazarkezett, megevett hrom szendvicset.
35. Ktszer olvastam ezt a knyvet, amita megkaptam.
36. Nem tud gyorsan menni, mert megsrlt a lba.
37. Csaldott, mert a bartja nem hvta fel.
38. A rendrsgre megyek, mert valaki ellopta a kocsimat.
39. Kifogyott a tollam.
40. Nem tudom kifizetni a szmlt, mert otthon hagytam a pnztrcmat.
41. Mr hromszor vizsgztam vezetsbl, de mg nem sikerlt tmennem.
42. Megszletett mr a kisbabja?
43. Ez az els alkalom, hogy lazacot eszem.
44. Ez az els alkalom, hogy megbuktam egy vizsgn.
45. Mr harmadszor alszom el a hten.
46. A mlt flvben klcsnvette a knyvemet, de mg nem adta vissza.
47. A kutynak ppen most szlettek klykei.
48. Ez a msodik alkalom, hogy abbahagytam a dohnyzst.
49. Kt hete nem borotvlkozott.
50. A szletsnapom ta nem ittunk pezsgt.'
51. Ezen a hten mr hromszor voltam forgorvosnl.
52. Ebben a hnapban mr tszr voltunk korcsolyzni.
53. Nem seltem, amita eltrtem a lbamat.
54. Egsz letemben rdekelt a komolyzene.
55. Mostanban nem tudok aludni a zajos vzvezetkcsvek miatt.

Megoldsok
1. Are you coming to have lunch with us? No, thanks, I have already had lunch.
2. Have the mechanics repaired my car yet?
3. I haven't finished my coffee yet.
4. Has the sun risen yet?
5. I haven't found my pocket calculator yet.
6. I have already seen Casablanca three times.
7. My boss has just left for Greece.
8. Have you heard the latest news yet?
9. We have just moved into a new flat.
10. I have just booked two tickets for tonight's performance.
11. What has happened to your hair?
12.1 have just dyed it.
13. Where have you been all morning? - At the bank.
14. How much money have you saved so far?
15. That boy has had five ice-creams.
16. It has just occurred to me that I haven't paid the rent yet.
17. Have you ever seen the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
18. Have you ever been to China?
19. I have never been to this part of the country.
20. This is the fastest car I have ever driven.
21. This is the most dangerous bend I have ever seen.
22. He is the most intelligent man I have ever spoken to.
23. How long have you been interested in languages? Since I was a small child.
24. How long have you known your friend's colleague?
25. How long have you been unemployed? - For several months.

12
P R E S E N T P E R F E C T T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S . TENSES

26. Since when have you been able to cook such delicious goulash?
27. How long have you been able to play the violin?
28. How long have you had to take this medicine?
29. How long have you had to commute to work?
30. I have had more work to do since September.
31. Where have you been? I haven't seen you since Monday.
32. I haven't gone jogging for a long time now.
33. He hasn't written to me since he went abroad.
34. He has eaten three sandwiches since he came home.
35.1 have read this book twice since I got it.
36. He can't walk fast because his leg has been hurt.
37. She is disappointed because her friend hasn't telephoned her.
38. I'm going to the police station because someone has stolen my car.
39. My pen has run out.
40. I can't pay the bill because I have left my purse at home.
41.1 have taken the driving test three times, but I haven't passed it yet.
42. Has she had the baby yet?
43. This is the first time I have eaten salmon.
44. This is the first time I have failed an exam.
45. This is the third time I have overslept this week.
46. He borrowed my book last term, but hasn't given it back yet.
47. The dog has just had puppies;
48. This is the second time I have given up smoking.
49. He hasn't shaved for a fortnight.
50. We haven't drunk champagne since my birthday.
51.1 have seen the dentist three times this week.
52. We have gone skating five times this month.
53. I.haven't gone skiing since I broke my leg.
54. I have been interested in classical music all my life.
55.1 haven't been able to sleep recently because of the noisy water pipes.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Olyan cselekvst fejez ki, mely a mltban kezddtt s a jelenben is tart, ill. a beszd
pillanata eltt fejezdtt be.

Kapcsold idhatrozk:

for, since, all day/afternoon/week....

It has been snowing since last night.

She is very tired: she has been cleaning the pantry all afternoon.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Flrja sr, mert az egyik kismacska megdgltt.
2. Mi ez a fura szag? Kelkposztt fztem.

13
TENSES P R E S E N T PERFECT T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

3. Mirt vizes a hajad? sztam.

4. Bocssd meg, hogy piszkos a kezem. A pinct takartottam.
5. Ki van fulladva, mert futott.
6. Gyerekkora ta rgja a krmt.
7. Sokat iszik, amita a frje elvlt tle.
8. Mr rk ta prblom megrteni ezt a bonyolult angol mondatot.
9. Sok pnzt klt, amita megnyerte a fnyeremnyt.
10. Sok dessget eszik, amita abbahagyta a dohnyzst.
11. Egy hete nveszti a bajuszt.
12. Tz ve dolgozik stewardessknt.
13. Fl t ta leveleket gpel.
14. Hajnalhasadta ta horgszik, de mg nem fogott semmit.
15. Mr kt rja llunk a sorban.
16. Mita szvod ezt a fajta cigarettt?
17. Mita esik az es?
18. A szemed fradtnak ltszik. Mit csinltl?
19. Fradjon be. Mr vrtunk nre.
20. Jobban rzem magam, amita kocogok.
21. Vres a ks. Mit csinltl vele?
22. Ebben a vrosban lek, amita befejeztem az egyetemet.
23. Mita ptik ezt a krhzat?
24. Karcsony ta jr egytt a bartjval.
25. Veszekednek, amita sszehzasodtak.
26. A vzvezetkszerel kt rja javtja a csapokat.
27. Ebd ta napozik.
28. Egsz reggel szendvicseket csinlok az sszejvetelre.
29. Kimerltnek ltszol. Igen, teniszeztem, s nem vagyok hozzszokva, mert mr vek
ta nem jtszottam.
30. A vevk egsz nap telefonlnak, s panaszkodnak, hogy rossz szmlkat kapnak.
31. Kt rja esik, gy a plya tl nedves ahhoz, hogy jtsszanak rajta.
32. Sokat khgsz az utbbi idben.
33. A szleim 1982 ta lnek vidken.
34. Mr tbb mint egy ve dolgozunk az ptsi terven.
35. Kalapokat prblgat egsz dlutn.
36. Mita fslkdik?
37. rk ta hallgatja ezt a lemezt.
38. Egy ve kszlk a felvteli vizsgra.
39. Mita levelezel az angol bartoddal?

Megoldsok
1. She has been crying for half an hour because one of the kittens has died.
2. What is that funny smell? I have been cooking savoy cabbage.
3. Why is your hair wet? I have been swimming.
4. Sorry about my dirty hands. I have been cleaning the cellar.
5. He is out of breath because he has been running.
6. He has been biting his nails since he was a child.
7. She has been drinking heavily since her husband divorced her.
8. I have been trying to understand this complicated English sentence for hours.
9. He has been spending a lot of money since he hit the jackpot.

14
P A S T P E R F E C T T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S TENSES

10. She has been eating a lot of sweets since she gave up smoking.
11. He has been growing a moustache for a week.
12. She has been working as a stewardess for ten years.
13. He has been typing letters since half past four.
14. He has been fishing since the crack of dawn but he hasn't caught anything yet.
15. We have been standing in the queue for two hours.
16. How long have you been smoking this brand of cigarettes?
17. How long has it been raining?
18. Your eyes look tired. What have you been doing?
19. Come in, please. We have been expecting you.
20. I have been feeling better since I started jogging.
21. The knife is covered in blood. What have you been doing with it?
22. I have been living in this town since I left university.
23. How long have they been building this hospital?
24. She has been going out with her boyfriend since Christmas.
25. They have been quarrelling since they got married.
26. The plumber has been repairing the taps for two hours.
27. She has been lying in the sun since lunchtime.
28. I have been making sandwiches for the meeting all morning.
29. You look exhausted. Yes, I have been playing tennis and I am not used to it
because I haven't played for years.
30. The customers have been telephoning all day complaining that they have been
receiving wrong bills.
31. It has been raining for two hours, so the field is too wet to play on.
32. You have been coughing a lot recently.
33. My parents have been living in the country since 1982.
34. We have been working on the construction plan for more than a year.
35. She has been trying on hats all afternoon.
36. How long has she been combing her hair?
37. He has been listening to this record for hours.
38.1 have been preparing for the entrance exam for a year.
39. How long have you been corresponding with your English friend?

PAST PERFECT TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

A Simple Past Perfect Tense olyan cselekvs kifejezsre szolgl, amely:

a. a mltban egy ksbbi cselekvs vagy idpont eltt vgbement, befejezdtt:'

When he arrived I had already started eating.

We took a taxi after we had missed the bus.
I had had a shower before I went to the theatre.

b. a mltban kezddtt s egy mltbeli cselekvs idejn mg folyamatban volt:

/ had been in bed for one hour when the telephone rang.

15
TENSES P A S T PERFECT T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

Alkalmazsa:

1. A kvetkez ktszk.utn jellemz:

after, when, as soon as, no sooner ... than..., until, because, since, although stb. (elidejsg
kifejezsre)

I couldn't go to the party last week because I had been operated on.
Although he had been driving a car for fifteen years, he didn't dare to start the new
Mercedes.

2. Fgg beszdben:

He said he had seen my classmate in the cinema.

3. A fmondatban lev utidejsg esetn, a by the time, before ktszavak utn (a Past
Perfect Tense hangslyozza a cselekvs elidej mivoltt):

By the time my mother came home, I (had) cleaned the flat.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

A Past Perfect Continuous Tense olyan cselekvs kifejezsre szolgl, mely a mltban
kezddtt s egy ksbbi cselekvs megindulsig (vagy azon tl is) tartott.
Ktszavai s alkalmazsnak esetei megegyeznek a Past Perfect Tense-nl lertakkal.

By the time she sat for the final exam, she had been learning German for ten years.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Miutn megebdeltem, hazamentem.
2. Miutn becsatoltuk a biztonsgi veket, a gp felszllt.
3. Miutn visszajtt az USA-bl, vett egy j autt.
4. Amint kilpett a szobbl, bekapcsoltam a magnt.
5. Hazamentnk, miutn a nap lenyugodott.
6. Mieltt ezt az llst megkapta, vekig szabadszknt dolgozott.
7. Mieltt elmentem a sznhzba, megfrdtem s felvettem a legszebb ruhm.
8. A gyilkos napokig rejtztt, mire a rendrsg elfogta.
9. Amikor megismerkedtem vele, mr vek ta kbtszert szedett.
10. Alighogy kilptnk a hzbl, elkezdett esni az es.
11. Alighogy letelepedett Angliban, mris elmeneklt, mert nem tudta megszokni a
klmt.
12. Majdnem hrom htig kzdttek az erdtzzel, mire sikerlt megfkezni.
13. Mieltt meghalt, vekig beteg volt.
14. Elvitte a gyereket az orvoshoz, mert az lenyelt egy gombot.
15. Amikor megrkeztem a reptrre, a gp mr leszllt.
16. Mire magamhoz trtem, a betrk mr eltntek.
17. Miutn megpillantottam a rendrautt, lelasstottam.
18. A rendrsg letartztatta a frfit, aki kt'httel azeltt szktt meg a brtnbl.

16
F U T U R E T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S TENSES

19. Egy rja szedtk a gombt, amikor elkezdett esni az es.

20. szrevettem, hogy srt.
21. Azt mondta, hogy valami mst vrt.
22. Azt remlte, hogy ellptetik, (de nem tettk)

Megoldsok
1. After I had eaten lunch, I went home.
2. After we had fastened our seat belts, the plane took off.
3. After he'had returned from the USA, he bought a new car.
4. As soon as he had left the room, I switched on the tape-recorder.
5. We went home after the sun had set.
6. Before he got this job he had been working freelance for years.
7. Before I went to the theatre I (had) had a bath and I (had) put on my best dress.
(Past Perfect is optional)
8. The murderer had been hiding for days when the police captured him.
9. When I met him he had been taking drugs for years.
10. We had no sooner left the house than it started raining.
11. Hardly had he settled in England when he ran away because he couldn't get used to
the climate.
12. They had been fighting the forest fire for almost three weeks before they managed
to overcome it.
13. Before he died he had been ill for years.
14. She took her child to the doctor because he had swallowed a button.
15. When I arrived at the airport the plane had already landed.
16. When I came to, the burglars had disappeared.
17. After I had caught sight of the police car, I slowed down.
18. The police arrested the man who had escaped from prison two weeks earlier.
19. We had been picking mushrooms for an hour when it started to rain.
20. I noticed that she had been crying.
21. He said he had expected something else.
22. He had hoped that he would be promoted.

FUTURE TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS

A jv idej cselekvst az angolban nem felttlenl jv idvel fejezzk ki, hanem:

a. folyamatos jelennel (Present Continuous), ha a cselekvst elzetesen elterveztem s

megbeszltem - arranged future - pl.: I am playing tennis with Dennis at 3 tomorrow
(megbeszltk, bertuk a naptrunkba),

b. a "be going to" szerkezettel, ha elzetes szndk, elhatrozs elzi meg a cselekvst,
mint pldul az " / am going to change my job" mondat elhatrozsa,
de: a mindenkppen bekvetkez cselekvs kifejezsre is alkalmas a "going to":
Pl.: It's going to rain. (Lg az es lba.)
She's going to have a baby. (Nagy a pocakja.),

17
TENSES F U T U R E T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

c. a "will" segdigvel kpzett jv idej cselekvs, a sima jv id (Simple Future)

rendszerint nem jsolja meg valaminek az elkerlhetetlen bekvetkeztt, nem utal elzetes
szervezsre vagy szndkra, ha igen, akkor az a szndk ebben a percben szletett:
/ didn't know you were thirsty but I'll make you a cup of tea at once.

FUTURE TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

A Simple Future Tense hasznlhat:

a. A jvben bekvetkez egyszeri, pillanatnyi cselekvs kifejezsre:

The train will leave at ten o 'clock.

b. A jvben szoksos, ismtld cselekvs kifejezsre:

We shall meet twice a week.

Kapcsold idhatrozk:

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning /afternoon/, evening...,

next week/month/June,...., in a few minutes/hours..., when?, then, soon, on/after/by/at/in....

De ne feledjk, a jvbeni cselekvst hromflekppen lehet kifejezni:

1. shall/will + az ige fnvi igenvi alakja: I'll be back soon.

2. to be going to + az ige fnvi igenvi alakja: I'm going to see him tomorrow.
3. a folyamatos jelen id + jvre utal hatroz: I'm going to the cinema tonight.

FONTOS:

A feltteles s idhatrozi mellkmondatokban a jv id helyett jelen id ll.

Csak a fmondatban szabad jv idt (Future Tense-i) hasznlni!

Pl.: Ha szp lesz az id, elmegynk a hegyekbe.

If the weather is nice, we shall go to the mountains.

Amikor majd jssz, dolgozni fogok.

When you come, I'll be working.

Hacsak az id nem javul meg, itthon fogok maradni szombaton.

Unless the weather changes for the better, I'll stay at home on Saturday.

18
F U T U R E T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S TENSES
Amg be nem fejezem a munkmat, nem fogom a lemezeimet hallgatni.
Until Ifinish/I have finished my work, I won't listen to my records.

Amint az id meleg lesz, felsom a virggysokat.

As soon as the weather is warm, I shall dig the flower-beds.

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Holnap Londonba fogunk rkezni.
2. Minden tlem telhett el fogok kvetni, hogy tmenjek a vizsgn.
3. Meg fogja valaha kapni a Nobel-djat?
4. Fogunk tallni res szobt ebben a npszer szllodban?
5. Ez a nadrg divatjamlt lesz jvre?
6. Fogsz segteni neki a nagytakartsban?
7. Mit fog rlam kpzelni egy ilyen knos helyzetben?
8. Milyen gyakran ltogatsz majd meg a krhzban?
9. Mirt fogsz olyan korn rkezni? - Mert nem tudok jnni ms busszal.
10. Hogyan fogja a legtbb dik tlteni a nyri sznidt?
11. Mikor viszed az autdat mszaki vizsgra?
12. Mikor fogja a parlament elfogadni ezt a trvnyjavaslatot?
13. Hol fogod tartani a kvetkez eladsodat?
14. Kedden zleti gyben Prgba utazom.
15. A vllalatom fogja fedezni a szlls kltsgeit.
16. Nem fogok fizetni a reggelirt sem, mert ingyenes.
17. Mikor lesznek a kvetkez ltalnos vlasztsok?
18. Elszr csak egy padlsszobt fogunk brelni.
19. gy vlem, a lakshiny Magyarorszgon mindig slyos problma lesz.
20. Hamarosan elkerlhetetlen lesz, hogy a kormny vltoztasson a politikjn.
21. A nagy mennyisg rtalmas fst egszsgkrosodst fog okozni a vroslakk
szervezetben.
22. Meg fogjk rizni a magyar falvak a npszoksokat?
23. Holnap megprblom felvenni vele a kapcsolatot.
24. Milyen lesz a magyar vidk 2000-ben?
25. rlni fogok, ha itt dvzlhetem.
26. A termelsi terv szerint ez az zem megkettzi teljestmnyt.
27. Nem hiszem el, hogy jv hten tven ves leszel.
28. Lehetetlen lesz ezt a hatridt teljesteni.

Megoldsok
1. We shall arrive in London tomorrow.
2. I will do my best to pass the exam.
3. Will he ever get the Nobel Prize?
4. Shall we find a vacant room in this popular hotel?
5. Will these trousers be out of fashion next year?
6. Will you help him with cleaning the house?
7. What will he think of me in such an awkward situation?
8. How often will you visit me in hospital?
9. Why will you arrive so early? - Because I won't be able to come with any other bus.

19
TENSES F U T U R E T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

10. How will most of the pupils spend their summer holiday?
11. When will you take your car for an MOT?
12. When will Parliament pass this bill?
13. Where will you deliver your next lecture?
14. On Tuesday I will travel to Prague on business.
15. My company will cover the costs of accommodation.
16. I won't pay for breakfast either because it is free of charge.
17. When will the next general elections be?
18. First we shall only rent an attic. '
19. I think a shortage of housing will always be a serious problem in Hungary.
20. It will soon be inevitable for the government to change its policy.
21. The large amount of noxious fumes will have a harmful effect on city-dwellers.
22. Will Hungarian villages preserve folk customs?
23. I shall try to contact him tomorrow.
24. What will Hungarian provincial life be like in 2000?
25. I shall be glad to welcome you here.
26. According to the production plan this factory will double its output.
27. I don't believe that you will be fifty next week.
28. It will be impossible to meet this deadline.

A "to be going to" szerkezet

Kifejezheti:
a. Az adott cselekvs kzeli, igen valszn bekvetkezst

It's going to rain.

b. A beszl szndkt

I'm going to take piano lessons once a week.

c. A beszl bizonyossgt:

You're going to fall off your bike if you don't hold on to it.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Vettem egy raks tglt, mert hzat fogok peni.
2. Borzongok: azt hiszem, beteg leszek.
3. Mindjrt becsapdik az ablak. ,
4. Hogy fogom megmondani neki, hogy eltrtem a kis porceln szobrocskt?
5. Ma klnleges vacsornk lesz.
6. Meg fogsz fzni sapka nlkl ilyen szeles idben.
7. Annyira szeretik egymst, hogy ssze fognak hzasodni, mihelyt nagykorak
lesznek.
8. Ha nem fizeted a lakbrt, a tancs ki fog lakoltatni.
9. Le fogsz esni a szkrl, ha ilyen ingadozva llsz rajta.
10. Meg fogod bnni, ha nem jelentkezel erre az llsra.
11. Mikor msz kivizsglsra?

20
F U T U R E T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S TENSES
12. Nem fogok rszt venni.ebben a llekl munkban.
13. Nem fogok egy fullaszt szobban lni, mg ha vizsgaidszak van is.

Megoldsok
1. I have bought a load of bricks because I'm going to build a house.
2. I'm shivering with cold. I think I'm going to be ill.
3. The window is going to slam.
4. How am I going to tell her that I have broken the china statuette?
5. Tonight we are going to have a special dinner.
6. You are going to catch cold without a cap in such windy weather.
7. They love each other so much that they are going to get married as soon as they
come of age.
8. If you don't pay the rent, the council is going to evict you.
9. You are going to fall off the chair if you stand in such an unstable position on it.
10. You are going to regret it if you do not apply for this job.
11. When are you going to have a medical check-up?
12. I'm not going to participate in this soul-destroying work.
13. I'm not going to sit in a suffocating room even if it is an exam session.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Alkalmazsa a Past Continuous Tense eseteivel egyezik. Jellemz elfordulsa:

1. A "when" -nel kezdd mondatokat kveten.

2. A "while" idhatrozval, kt prhuzamos cselekvs esetn.
3. A jv egy adott idpontjt kifejez hatrozsz mellett (at... o'clock).

Pldamondatok
Alap- s kzpfok
1. Holnap tkor csnakzni fogunk a tavon.
2. Gylsetek lesz reggel htkor?
3. Reggeltl estig az j regnyn fog dolgozni.
4. Amikor hazarsz, a konyht fogom meszelni.
5. Nem fogok tvt nzni, mert a sznyegeket fogom porszvzni.
6. Az igazgat nem tud fogadni abban az idben, mert ppen rja lesz.
7. Nem fognak eljnni az eljegyzsemre, mert Ausztriban lesznek.
8. Nem fogom hallani a csengt, mert a virggysokat fogom gyomllni.

Megoldsok
1. We shall be boating on the lake at five o'clock tomorrow.
2. Will you be having a meeting at seven in the morning?
3. He will be working on his new novel from morning till night.
4. When you arrive home I will be whitewashing the kitchen.
5. I shan't watch TV because I'll be hoovering the. carpets.
6. The headmaster can't see you at that time because he will be teaching.
7. They won't come to my engagement because they will be staying in Austria.
8. I shan't be able to hear the bell because I'll be weeding the flower-beds.

21
TENSES F U T U R E PERFECT T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE - SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

A Simple Future Perfect Tense-X olyan cselekvs kifejezsre hasznljuk, amely:

a. egy msik jv idej cselekvs eltt, illetve a jv egy megadott idpontjban mr

befejezett lesz;

I shall have written my letters by eight o'clock.

She will have forgotten you by the time you return.

b. mg folyamatban lesz egy ksbbi cselekvs megindulsakor:

We shall have been here for an hour by the time you come home.

Alkalmazsa a by elljrszval trtnik.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

A Future Perfect Continuous Tense azt fejezi ki, hogy egy cselekvs a jvben kezddik s
egy ksbbi cselekvs megindulsig vagy azon tl is tart.

By the end of this month we shall have been attending this course for nine months.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Holnapra elolvasom ezt a knyvet.
2. A ht vgre bekltznek az j hzukba.
3. Holnapra dnteni fogok.
4. Kt rra le fogom gpelni a jelentst.
5. Holnap ilyenkorra mr kzbesteni fogjk a csomagokat.
6. Remlem, holnapra nem fogod elfelejteni mindezt.
7. Az v vgn lesz kt ve, hogy tant minket.
8. Karcsonykor lesz tz ve, hogy hzasok.
9. Nhny ht mlva teljesen fel fogsz plni a betegsgedbl.
10. Mire holnap visszajssz, mindent be fogok fejezni.
11. E hnap vgn lesz egy ve, hogy hegedlni tanulok.
12. Holnap ilyenkorra mr meg fogom kapni a vizsgaeredmnyt.
13. Addigra mr t ve lesz annak, hogy a rszleteket fizetjk.
14. Augusztusban lesz egy ve, hogy a Hamletet jtsszk a sznhzban.
15. Mire jvre visszajvk, ezeket az reg hzakat le fogjk bontani.
16. A hnap vgig tbb ezer ember fogja megnzni ezt a killtst.

22
F U T U R E PERFECT T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S TENSES
Megoldsok
1. I will have read this book by tomorrow.
2. By the end of the week they will have moved into their new house.
3. I will have made up my mind by tomorrow.
4. I will have typed the report by two o'clock.
5. By this time tomorrow they will have delivered the parcels.
6. I hope you won't have forgotten all this by tomorrow.
7. By the end of this year he will have been teaching us for two years.
8. By Christmas they will have been married for ten years.
9. In a few weeks you will have completely recovered from your illness.
10. By the time you return tomorrow I will have finished everything.
11. By the end of this month I will have been learning to play the violin for a year.
12. By this time tomorrow I will have received the results of my exam.
13. By then we will have been paying the instalments for five years.
14. In August Hamlet will have been running at the thatre for a year.
15. By the time I come back next year these old houses will have been demolished.
16. By the end of the month several thousand people will have seen this exhibition.

SSZEFOGLALS:

Varicik egy mondatra az eddig trgyalt igeidk s feltteles mondatok hasznlatval:

He often writes letters.

He doesn't write letters to his parents.
Does he often write letters?

Yesterday he wrote some letters.

- Did he write any letters to his cousins last week?
Why didn't he write a letter to her?

He is just writing some letters.

Why is he writing so many letters?
He isn't writing any letters now.

He was writing some letters when I entered the room.

Was he writing letters all night?
He wasn't writing letters all last week.

He will write a letter after the film.

Will he write me a letter if I send him a picture postcard?
He won't write a letter if he doesn't want to.

He will be writing a letter when the match starts.

Why will he be writing letters all afternoon?

He won't be sleeping when we arrive. He never sleeps in the afternoon.

He has already written three letters.

He hasn't written a letter to me. (or: He has never written a letter to me).
He has just written the letter to the director.

23
3
TENSES F U T U R E PERFECT T E N S E - SIMPLE and C O N T I N U O U S

He has been writing this letter since three o'clock.

How long has he been writing this letter?

He had already written the letter when his colleague asked him.
He had been writing a letter for an hour before I offered him my help.

By 9 o'clock he will have written the letter.

He will have written the letter by the time you come back.

He will have been writing letters for an hour by eight o'clock.

Until he has finished his work, he won't write any letters.

Until he had finished his work, he didn't write any letters.

He has bought a pen because he is going to write some letters.

If he has time, he will write some letters.

If he had time, he would write some letters.
If he had had time, he would have written some letters.

24
 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

A feltteles mellkmondatoknak hrom alaptpusa van:

1. valsgos felttelt kifejez

If you come by car, you'll be here on time.

2. lehetsges felttelt kifejez:

/ would do the washing up if I had more time.

3. lehetetlen, meg nm valsult felttelt kifejez:

She would have come to my party if I had invited her.

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Ha lesz idm, rok neki egy kpeslapot.
2. Ha holnap szp lesz az id, elmegynk kirndulni.
3. Ha nem sietsz, nem fogod elrni a tvolsgi buszt.
4. Ha vezetni akarsz, jogostvnyt kell szerezned.
5. Ha minden pnznket elkltjk, megint szegnyek lesznk.
6. Ha leesel a frl, megtd magad.
7. Ha itt parkolsz, meg fognak brsgolni.
8. Ha ezt megeszed, beteg leszel.
9. Mit fogsz csinlni, ha nem kapsz jegyet a gpre?
10. Mi lesz, ha nem lesz otthon?
11. Ha itt hagyod a halat, a macska meg fogja enni.
12. Senki nem fog felismerni, ha stt szemveget viselsz.
13. Mit tennl, ha nyernl egy csom pnzt?
14. Ha a helyedben lennk, nem ennm ezt meg.
15. Ha tbb pnzem lenne, beutaznm a vilgot.
16. Ha kevesebbet dohnyoznl, nem lenne olyan rekedt a hangod.
17. Mit csinlnl, ha klfldn elvesztend az tleveledet?
18. Ha lassabban dolgoznl, nem csinlnl ennyi hibt.
19. Mi trtnne, ha nem rnm el a buszt?
20. tmennl a vizsgn, ha kemnyebben dolgoznl.
21. Ha tlrzna, tbbet keresne.
22. Kitl krnl tancsot, ha nem tudnd, hogy mit csinlj?
23. Ha tudnk nmetl, eredetiben olvasnm Thomas Mann regnyeit.
24. Ha lenne kertnk, megtermelnnk a sajt zldsgnket.
25. Kinyitnd az ajtt, ha jflkor csngetne valaki?
26. Ha lett volna trkpnk, nem tvedtnk volna el.

25
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

27. Ha bkn hagytl volna, be tudtam volna fejezni a munkt.

28. Megltogattalak volna, ha tudtam volna, hogy beteg vagy.
29. Ha nem lett volna hideg, jobban lveztk volna a szabadsgunkat.
30. Ha becsatolta volna a biztonsgi vet, nem srlt volna meg.
31. Ha siettl volna, nem ksted volna le a vonatot.
32. Mit tettl volna, ha ott lettl volna?
33. Mi trtnt volna, ha elfogyott volna a benzin?
34. Megkaptam volna az llst, ha lett volna kell vgzettsgem.
35. Elvittem volna kocsival, ha az aut nem lett volna a szervizben.
36. Vettem volna jegyet a bejratnl, ha lettek volna automatk.
37. Elutaztam volna Svjcba, ha lett volna sajt kocsim.
38. Megkrtem volna, hogy segtsen, ha mertem volna.
39. Tncoltunk volna, ha tudtunk volna.
40. Meg tudtam volna elzni a kamiont, ha kellett volna.
41. Mg akkor sem ettem volna semmit, ha a kedvenc tortmat adtad volna elm.
42. Nem tantottam volna a lnyodat, ha nem gondoltam volna, hogy tehetsges.
43. Hoztl volna ajndkot Prizsbl, ha nem felejtetted volna el?
44. Nem hagytam volna el ezt a frfit, ha nem hazudott volna.
45. rtam volna levelet, ha nem vesztettem volna el a lakcmedet.
46. Beszltem volna vele, ha tallkoztunk volna az iskolban.
47. Ittam volna egy pohr srt, ha nem vezettem volna autt.
48. Soha nem nyertl volna versenyt, ha nem sztl volna naponta tbb rt.
49. Ha ismertem volna az ptsi elrsokat, sajt erbl ptettem volna meg a
hzamat.
50. Senki nem tudta volna meg ezt a trtnetet, ha titokban tartottad volna.
51. Kidobtam volna azt a rgi inget, ha lttam volna a szekrnyben.

Megoldsok
1. If I have time, I will write him a postcard.
2. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go for an outing.
3. Unless you hurry, you won't catch the coach.
4. If you want to drive, you will have to get a driving licence.
5. If we spend all our money, we will be poor again.
6. If you fall off the tree, you will hit yourself.
7. If you park your car here, you will be fined.
8. You will be ill if you eat it.
9. What will you do if you don't get a ticket for the plane?
10. What will happen if he is not at home?
11. If you leave the fish here, the cat will eat it.
12. Nobody will recognize you if you wear dark glasses.
13. What would you do if you won a lot of money?
14. If I were you, I wouldn't eat it.
15. If I had more money, I would travel around the world.
16. If you smoked less, your voice wouldn't be so hoarse.
17. What would you do if you lost your passport abroad?
18. You wouldn't make so many mistakes if you worked more slowly.
19. What would happen if I didn't catch the bus?
20. You would pass the exam if you worked harder.
21. He would earn more if he worked overtime.
22. Who would you ask for advice if you didn't know what to do?

26
 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

23. If I could speak German, I would read Thomas Mann's novels in the original.
24. If we had a garden, we would grow our own vegetables.
25. Would you open the door if someone rang the bell at midnight?
26. If we had had a map, we wouldn't have lost our way.
27. I could have finished the work if you had left me alone.
28. I would have visited you if I had known that you were ill.
29. If it hadn't been cold, we would have enjoyed our holiday more.
30. If he had fastened the seat belt, he wouldn't have been injured.
31. If you had hurried, you wouldn't have missed the train.
32. What would you have done if you had been there?
33. What would have happened if you had run out of petrol?
34. I would have got the job if I had had the necessary qualifications.
35.1 would have given her a lift if the car hadn't been at the garage.
36. I would have bought a ticket at the entrance if there had been slot machines there.
37. I would have travelled to Switzerland if I had had a car of my own.
38. I would have asked him to help me if I had dared to.
39. We would have danced if we had been able to.
40. I could have overtaken the lorry if I had had to.
41.1 wouldn't have eaten anything even if you^had given me my favourite cake.
42. I wouldn't have taught your daughter if I hadn't thought that she was talented.
43. Would you have brought me a present from Paris if you hadn't forgotten about it?
44. I wouldn't have left this man if he hadn't told me a lie.
45.1 would have written a letter to you if I hadn't lost your address.
46. I would have spoken to him if I had met him at school.
47. I would have drunk a glass of beer if I hadn't been driving.
48. You would never have won any competitions if you hadn't swum several hours
every day.
49. If I had known the building regulations, I would have built my house on my own.
50. Nobody would have heard this story if you had kept it secret.
51. I would have thrown out that old shirt if I had seen it in the wardrobe.

Kzp- s felsfok
1.Elmehetsz, feltve, hogy nem rgsz be.
2.Le fogod ksni a buszt, hacsak nem indulsz azonnal.
3.Ha lenyelnm ezt a kanalat, hvnd a mentket?
4.Ha esetleg bemennl a vrosba, hozz nekem lzcsillaptt s ktszert a patikbl.
5.Ha csakazrtis eszed egyik fagylaltot a msik utn, ne csodlkozz, hogy majd
megint begyullad a torkod.
6. Holnaputn hazaengednek a krhzbl, hacsak fel nem megy a lzam megint.
7. Mr lbadozhatott volna, ha nem kapta volna el ezt a msik fertz betegsget.
8. Ha az orvosok tudtk volna, hogy gygythatatlan beteg, taln megmtttk volna.
9. Tegyk fel, hogy kiesik a fogadbl a tms. Betmetnd jra?
10. Megengedtem, hogy kihzza a szemfogamat, feltve, hogy nem fog fjni.
11. Ha netn epegrcsd lenne, hvd fel a helyi krhzat.
12. Ha tovbbra is napi 40 cigarettt fogsz szvni, elvlok tled.
13. A helyedben elmentem volna a ngygyszhoz ilyen panaszokkal.
14. Ha azt mondta, hogy kivettk a vakbelt, biztos hazudott.
15. Ha egsz jjel nem tudtl aludni, biztos, hogy nem vagy egszsges.
16. Ha tudtam volna, hogy gynak estl influenzval, taln el tudtam volna jnni
megltogatni.

27
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

17. Ha lenne szves vrni, mindjrt megnzem, bent van-e a doktor r.

18. Meghal, ha nem hvsz orvost. Tegyk fel, hogy hvok. Orvosi segtsg nlkl sose
pl fel.
19. Az gyeletes orvos nlkl nem tudtuk volna maghoz trteni.
20. Ha ragaszkodsz hozz, hogy megszaktsd a terhessgedet, nem foglak felesgl
venni.
21. Ha tallkozol vele, lehet, hogy megmutatja a zzdsait, amelyeket egy kocsmai
verekeds sorn kapott.
22. Ha ltod, klcsn kellene krned a gyerekgygyszatrl szl knyvt.
23. Ha sszeakadsz vele, lthatod az gsi srlseket a kezn.
24. Ha tallkozntok, esetleg elkaphatnd az influenzjt.
25. Ha belbotlanl, rdekldnd kellene a felesge idegsszeroppansrl.
26. Ha ltnl egy logopdust, akr krhetnl tle egy knyvet a dadogsrl.
27. Ha tallkoztl volna vele, lthattad volna, mennyire le van robbanva.
28. El tudtam volna menni, ha nem lett volna egsz nap hasogat fejfjsom, szrny
fogfjsom, s nem jtt volna ki rajtam mindenfle kits, mivel allergis vagyok a
macskkra.
29. Esetleg r tudtam volna venni, hogy ne vegyen be hashajtt.
30. El kellett volna mennie a brgygyszhoz, ha igazi tykszem lett volna a lbn.
31. A helyedben nem engednm, hogy mank nlkl prbljon jrni.
32. Ha ltod, lehet, hogy meslne a rkjrl.
33. Ha tallkoztok, meghvhatnd, hogy mesljen a felplsrl.
34. Ha krdez, nem szabad megmondanod, hogy AIDS-es vagy.
35. Ha krdezte volna, nem lett volna szabad megmondanod a vrvtel eredmnyt.
36. Ha hajland lesz bevenni a gygyszert, esetleg felpl.
37. Nagyon hls lennk, ha szveskedne abbahagyni a vistst.
38. Ha nem vagy hajland bevenni a lzcsillaptt, nem rok fel tbb C-vitamint.
39. Fogadhatsz ltogatkat, feltve, hogy nem hagyod el az intenzv osztlyt.
40. Nem kellett volna megmtened, hiszen menthetetlen.
41. Ha netn megkrdezn, mirt olyan dagadt az orrod, meg ne mondd neki.
42. Ha nem lennnek az jszakk, egsz jl reznm magam.
43. Tegyk fel, hogy undort z lttyt r fel az orvos. Bevennd?
44. Sose jssz r, mi baja, hacsak meg nem krdezed az anyjt.
45. Ha nem lett volna az a pletyks felesge, meghvtam volna ket a laksszentelre.

Megoldsok
1. You may go there provided you don't get drunk.
2. You will miss the bus unless you start at once.
3. Would you call an ambulance if I swallowed this spoon?
4. If you should/Should you go to town, bring me some anti-febrile and some
bandages from the chemist's.
5. If you will eat one ice-cream after the other, don't be surprised if your throat gets
inflamed again.
6. I shall be discharged from the hospital the day after tomorrow provided I don't have
a high temperature again.
7. He could have been recovering already if he hadn't caught this other infectious
disease.
8. The doctors might have operated him if they had known that he had an incurable
disease.
9. Suppose the filling in your tooth falls out. Would you have it refilled?

28
 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
10. I let him extract my eye-tooth on condition that it wouldn't hurt.
11. If you should/ Should you have a bilious attack, phone the local hospital.
12. If you will go on smoking 40 cigarettes a day, I will divorce you.
13. If I had been you, I would have gone to the gynaecologist with such complaints.
14. If he said that his appendix had been removed, he must have been lying.
15. If you couldn't sleep all night, you can't be healthy.
16. If I had known that you were down with flu, I might have been able to come to visit
you.
17. If you would wait, I will find out whether the doctor is in.
18. He will die unless you call a doctor. Suppose I will. He will never recover without
medical assistance.
19. We couldn't have brought him round without the help of the doctor on duty.
20. If you will have an abortion, I won't marry you.
21. If you meet him, he may show you the bruises that he got during a fight in a pub.
22. If you see him, you should borrow his book on pediatrics from him.
23. If you happen to meet him, you will be able to see the burns on his hand.
24. If you met him, you might catch flu from him.
25. Should you bump into him, you would have to ask him about his wife's nervous
breakdown.
26. If you saw a speech therapist, you might as well ask him for a book on stammering.
27. If you had met her, you could have seen how unwell she is.
28. I could have gone if I hadn't had a splitting headache and a blinding toothache all
day long, and all kinds of rashes hadn't developed on my skin, because I'm allergic
to cats.
29. I might have been able to persuade him not to take laxatives.
30. He would have had to go to the dermatologist if he had had a real corn on his toe.
31. If I were you, I wouldn't let him try to walk without crutches.
32. If you see him, he may speak to you about his cancer.
33. If you meet her, you ought to invite her to speak about her recovery.
34. If he asks you, you mustn't tell him that you have AIDS.
35. If he had asked you, it wouldn't have been a good idea to tell him the result of the
blood-test.
36. If he will take his medicine, he might recover.
37. I would be very grateful if you would stop screaming.
38. If you won't take the anti-febrile, I won't prescribe you any more vitamin C.
39. You can receive visitors provided you don't leave the intensive care unit.
40. You shouldn't have operated on him, he is past recovery.
41. Should he ask you why your nose is so swollen, you mustn't tell him.
42. If it weren't for the nights, I would feel quite well.
43. Suppose the doctor prescribed you some evil-tasting liquid. Would you take it?
44. You'll never find out what his trouble is unless you ask his mother.
45. If it hadn't been for that gossiping wife of his, I would have invited them to the
house-warming party.

29
I WISH

I WISH

Elmleti tudnivalk:

Az / WISH s az IF ONL Y szerkezetek az angol hajt mondatok jellegzetes bevezet elemei.

Magyarra a BRCSAK hajtst kifejez szval fordtjuk. Az / WISH brmely esetben
felcserlhet az IF ONLY kifejezssel. A bevezet szerkezetet hrom tpus mondat
kvetheti:

1. Az ige Simple Past (Unreal Past) alakban:

Brcsak tbb szabad idm lenne!

/ wish I HAD more free time.

2. Az ige Past Perfect alakban:

Brcsak ne vettem volna felesgl ezt a szrny nt!

Iwish I HADN'T MARRIED this/that terrible woman.

3. WOULD + az ige sztri alakja kifejezhet

a. jv idre utalst:

Brcsak egy httel elbb vget rne a tanv!

Iwish the academic year WOULD END a week earlier.

b . a beszlnek a cselekv hajlandsgra vonatkoz hajt:

Brcsak ne beszlgetnl a bartaiddal rkon t!

/ wish you WOULDN'T TALK to your friends for hours on end.

I WISH + UNREAL PAST

Pldamondatok
1. Brcsak tudnm a pontos vlaszt erre a krdsre!
2. Brcsak ki tudnm nyitni az ltzszekrnyem ajtajt!
3. Brcsak ne kellene minden nap elmosogatnom a piszkos csszket!
4. Brcsak ne panaszkodnl annyit a frjedre!
5. Brcsak ne lenne olyan bekpzelt: majd az let megtantja, hogyan kell viselkedni.
6. Brcsak elg pnzem lenne, hogy ezt a gynyr autt megvegyem!
7. Brcsak hasznlhatnm a szlloda telefonjt ehhez a srgs hvshoz!
8. Brcsak ne lenne ma olyan forrsg: nem a legalkalmasabb id vizsgzni.
9. Brcsak ne egyidben vettenk a filmet s a meccset!

30
 I WISH
Megoldsok
1. I wish I knew the exact answer to that question.
2. I wish I could open the door of my wardrobe.
3. I wish I didn't have to wash up the dirty cups every day.
4. I wish you didn't complain so much about your husband.
5. I wish he weren't so conceited. Life will teach him how to behave.
6. I wish I had enough money to buy this beautiful car.
7. I wish I were allowed to use the phone in the hotel for this urgent call.
9. I wish it weren't so hot today. It's not the most suitable weather for taking an exam.
11. I wish the film and the match weren't broadcast at the same time.

I WISH + PAST PERFECT

Pldamondatok
1. Brcsak tallkozhattam volna vele a mltkor!
2. Brcsak ne veszekedtek volna a szleim olyan sokat gyerekkoromban!
3. Brcsak ne aludtunk volna el ez eltt a fontos vizsgnk eltt!
4. Brcsak bemehettnk volna a palota kirlyi rszbe!
5. Brcsak ne kellett volna jjel-nappal tanulnia az egyetemen!
6. Brcsak a miniszterelnk ne hozott volna olyan szigor intzkedseket!
7. Brcsak az angol tanrunk ne ratott volna dolgozatot a mlt hten!
8. Brcsak kocsival jttnk volna! Nzd, hogy mlik az es!
9. Brcsak lttad volna, amikor utnozta az eladt!
Megoldsok
1. I wish I had been able to meet him the other day.
2. I wish my parents hadn't quarrelled so much when I was a child.
3. I wish we hadn't overslept before this important exam of ours:
4. I wish we had been allowed to enter the royal section of the palace.
5. I wish she hadn't had to learn day and night at university.
6. I wish the Prime Minister hadn't taken such strict measures.
7. I wish our English teacher hadn't.given us a test last week.
8. I wish we had come by car. Look, it's pouring down.
9. I wish you had seen him imitate the lecturer.

I WISH + would
1. Brcsak engem venne felesgl, nem Mancit!
2. Brcsak elfogadnk az j terveinket!
3. Brcsak ne veszekedntek folyton!
4. Brcsak a rendrsg komolyabban megbntetn a gyorshajtkat!
5. Brcsak ne tallna rm: nem akarom tbb ltni.
6. Brcsak ma korbban jnne haza, hogy hatkor elmehessnk a moziba.

Megoldsok
1.1 wish he would marry me instead of Manci.
2.1 wish our new projects would be accepted.
3.1 wish you wouldn't quarrel all the time.
4.1 wish the police would fine speeders more heavily.
5. I wish he wouldn't find me. I don't want to see him any more.
6. I wish he would come home earlier today so that-we could go to the cinema at 6.

31
PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

A szenved szerkezet (Passive Voice) az angol nyelv igen jellemz kifejezsformja.

Hasznlata fknt akkor indokolt, ha a cselekvs vgrehajtja nem ismert, nem lnyeges,
ill. a hangsly a cselekvst elszenved alanyon van. Ez azonban nem zrja ki olyan
szenved szerkezetek ltt, amelyekben mind a cselekv, mind a cselekvs trgya szerepel.

A szenved szerkezet formja:

alany + "to be" megfelel formja (esetleg mdbeli segdigvel sznezetten) + a fige 3.
alakja

Amennyiben a cselekvs vgrehajtjt is megnevezzk, a "by" prepozcival kapcsoljuk a

fent lert szerkezethez.

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Az angolt vilgszerte beszlik.
2. Ebben a boltban finom zsemlket rulnak.
3. Tegnap egy knyvet kaptam.
4. Ebben a szobban fogjk tartani a gylst?
5. Ezt a regnyt egy hres angol r rta.
6. A virgaimat hetente ktszer kell ntzni.
7. A mi btorunkat nem szksges hetente trlgetni.
8. A ruhsszekrnyem ajtajt nem lehet kinyitni.
9. Az sszes knyvet el lehet vinni?
10. Holnapra meg kell tanulni az j szavakat.

Megoldsok
1. English is spoken all over the world.
2. Delicious rolls are sold in this shop.
3. Yesterday a book was given to me./ Yesterday I was given a book.
4. Will the meeting be held in this room?
5. This novel was written by a famous English writer.
6. My plants must be watered twice a week.
7. Our furniture needn't be dusted every week./ Our furniture doesn't need to be
dusted.
8. The door of my wardrobe can't be opened.
9. May all the books be taken away?
10. The new words must be learnt by tomorrow.

32
 PASSIVE VOICE
Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Ebben az tteremben vegetrinus teleket lehet fogyasztani.
2. Idig nem hoztak dntst az edz kiltt illeten.
3. Meg vagyok rla gyzdve, hogy a jvben elkerlik az ilyen hibkat.
4. Ezt a berendezst mr vek ta hasznljk; ideje egy jra kicserlni.
5. Most, hogy 18 ves, hamarosan be fogjk hvni katonnak.
6. Kzismert dolog, hogy a dohnyzs krosan hat a tdre.
7. Tbb kisebb fldrengst szleltek tegnap este ta.
8. A vdoltsokat ltalban injekcizs tjn adjk.
9. A laksok gzzal, forr vzzel, fval vagy sznnel fthetk.
10. A jv hnapban szmos orszgbl szrmaz festmnyeket fognak bemutatni egy
klnleges killtson.
11. Azonnal el kell vgezni ezt a munkt?
12. Kls segtsg nlkl nem lehetett volna egy ilyen kltsges gpet beszerezni.
13. Hat hnap alatt nem lehet jl megtanulni angolul.
14. Szmos cikk jelent meg errl a tmrl az utbbi idben.
15. A gylsre sok szzan jttek el.
16. Figyelmeztetni kellene t, hogy vatosabban bnjon ezzel az anyaggal.
17. Egsz falvakat sprt el a hurrikn.
18. Mi mst tehetnk egy ilyen knos helyzetben?
19. Ezt a dntst szmos tnyez befolysolta.
20. Sok idt fognak szentelni a legknyesebb krdsek rendezsre.
21. Mr sok regnyt olvastam Asimovtl.
22. Az ember mr sidk ta hasznlja a rezet.
23. A ksrletet a legnagyobb titokban kell elvgezni.
24. Azt hittk, lehet r szmtani, de tvedtnk.
25. Ebben a vonatkozsban nem lehet bzni a titkrnjben.
26. Tmogatnunk kellene t nemes trekvseiben.
27. Azt mondtk neki, hogy az eladst llva fogjk'nnepelni a nzk.
28. A vllalkozs hossz tv hitelt kapott j llshelyek teremtsre.
29. Ha felajnljk nekem a szerkeszti llst, termszetesen elfogadom.
30. Mg nem tantottk meg neki, hogyan reagljon ilyen megjegyzsekre.
31. Remltem, hogy megmeneklk mindettl a knyelmetlensgtl.
32. A kzpkorra gyakran mint a "sttsg korra" utalnak.
33. Attl tartok, valaki esetleg ellenzi az ellptetsemet.
34. Sok recenzit rtak mr az j knyvrl.
35. Ezzel a problmval komolyan kell foglalkozni.
36. Az ilyen buta vitknak egyszer s mindenkorra vget kellene vetni.
37. Nem rtem, hogy a privatizcit htrltat trvnyeket mirt nem trltk mg el.
38. A gyerekek vidmaknak ltszanak. Biztosan szpen gondoskodtak rluk.
39. Ki kellene hasznlni e lehetsg knlta elnyket.
40. A keringsi betegsgek rendszeres testmozgssal megelzhetek.
41. A knyv nhny fejezett ppen most rja jra a szerz.
42. Ki fedezte fel ezt a tvoli szigetet?
43. Mire visszajssz, a szobdat kitaptzzk.
44. Mg operltk, amikor rokonai megrkeztek a krhz elcsarnokba.
45. Azt hiszem, elbb kellett volna indulnunk: ppen zrjk a boltot.
47. A frontlis tkzs sorn az aut nagymrtk krosodst szenvedett.
48. Mr rgta le kellett volna gpelni ezeket a leveleket.

33
PASSIVE VOICE

49. Ezeket a bizonytvnyokat nem kellett volna elhozni: csak a diploma szmt tartjuk
nyilvn.
50. Lehet, hogy megengedtk neki, hogy rgyjtson, amikor ppen a babt vittk be a
szobba?
51. Lehet, hogy a legjobb bartai rultk el.
52. Mihelyt lehetsges, ezt a hibaval vitt le kell zrni.
53. A padokat az svny mindkt oldalrl el kellett tvoltani.
54. Jelentsek szerint a cscstallkozt a jv hnapra halasztjk a fvrosban dl
zavargsok miatt.
55. Becslsek szerint a vilg npessge 2000-re elri a hatmillirdot.
57. rdemeit - brmilyen elvlhetetlenek - nem szabad tlbecslni.
58. Tbb biolgust is meg lehetett volna krdezni az emlsk kihalsnak veszlyeirl.
59. Akr ki is rabolhattak volna abban a rossz hr borozban.
60. Remlhet, hogy hamarosan felpl az emberrabls okozta testi s lelki
srlseibl.

Megoldsok
1. In this restaurant vegetarian meals may be had.
2. So far no decision has been made as to who the coach will be.
3. I'm convinced that such mistakes will be avoided in the future.
4. This equipment has been used for years now; it's time to replace it.
5. Now that he is 18 he will soon be called up for military service.
6. It is widely known that the lungs are adversely affected by smoking.
7. Several smaller earthquakes have been observed since last night.
8. Vaccinations are usually given by injection.
9. Flats can be heated with gas, hot water, wood or coal.
10. Paintings from many countries will be displayed at a special exhibition next month.
11. Must this work be done at once?
12. Such an expensive machine couldn't have been obtained without some extra help
from outside.
13. English can't be learnt well in six months.
14. A number of articles on this topic have been published recently.
15. The meeting was attended by hundreds of people.
16. H should be warned to handle this material more carefully.
17. Entire villages have been swept away by the hurricane.
18. What else can be done in such an awkward situation?
19. This decision was influenced by many factors.
20. Much time will be devoted to arranging the most awkward problems.
21.1 have already read a lot of novels written by Asimov.
22. Copper has been used since ancient times.
23. The experiment must be carried out in strict secrecy.
24. We thought he could be relied on but we were mistaken.
25. His secretary cannot be trusted in this respect.
26. His noble endeavours should be assisted.
27. He was told his performance would be given a standing ovation.
28. The enterprise was granted long-term credit to create new jobs.
29. If I am offered the post of the editor, I will, of course, accept it.
30. She still hasn't been taught how to react to remarks like this.
31.1 had hoped that I would be spared all this inconvenience.
32. The Middle Ages are often referred to as the "Dark Ages".

34
 PASSIVE VOICE
33. I'm afraid my promotion might be objected to.
34. His new book has already been commented on by many critics.
35. This problem must be dealt with seriously.
36. Such stupid quarrels should be put an end to once and for all.
37. I can't understand why the laws hindering privatisation have not been done away
with yet.
38. The children seem to be happy. They must have been looked after properly.
39. This opportunity should be taken advantage of.
40. Circulatory diseases can be prevented by doing regular physical exercise.
41. Some chapters of the book are being re-written by the author.
42. Who was this distant island discovered by?
43. By the time you return, your room will have been wall-papered.
44. He was still being operated on when his relatives arrived at the hospital foyer.
46. I'm afraid we should have started earlier: the shop is just being closed.
47. In the course of the frontal collision the car got damaged to a large extent.
48. These letters ought to have been typed long ago.
49. These certificates needn't have been brought here. Only the number of the degree is
registered by us.
50. Is it possible that he was allowed to light a cigarette when the baby was just being
brought into the room?
51. He may have been betrayed by his best friends.
52. This futile controversy must be put an end to as soon as possible.
53. The benches had to be removed from both sides of the path.
54. It is reported that the summit will be postponed to next month because of public
disturbances in the capital.
56. It is estimated that the population of the world will amount to as many as 6
thousand million by the year 2000.
57. His merits - however everlasting they are - shouldn't be overestimated.
58. Several biologists could have been asked about how mammals are threatened by
extinction.
59. You might easily have been robbed in that ill-famed pub.
60. It is to be hoped that he will soon recover from the mental and physical injuries
which the kidnapping caused him.

35
CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION

CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION

A mveltet szerkezet (Causative) - valamit valakivel elvgeztetni - alakvltozatai:

1. to have sg. done, to have sg. done by sy. - a cselekvs mint szolgltats
to get sg. done, to get sg. done by sy.
to have someone do something

Pl.: Gyakran megyek fodrszhoz hajat vgatni.

/ often have my hair cut by the hairdresser.

Meg fogom javttatni a lakatossal a kilincset.

I'm going to have the door-handle repaired by the locksmith.

Megjegyzend, hogy a mai beszlt nyelv a "have" helyett gyakran alkalmazza a "get"
segdigt.

2. to get someone to do (!) something - krs, rbeszls

Pl.: Megprblom rvenni, hogy autval jjjn.

/ will try to get him to come by car.

3. to make sy. do sg - ksztets, knyszerts

to order/force sy. to do sg.- ksztets, knyszerts

Pl.: Mirt rat velnk olyan sok fordtst ez a tanr?

Why does this teacher make us write so many translations?

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Megismteltetnd vele ezt a mondatot?
2. Krem, minl elbb fordttassa le ezt a levelet.
3. Lemosattad mr a kocsidat? Minden hten lemosatom a szerelvel.
4. Tegnap a frjvel hordatta el a havat.
5. Selmeczi jl megnevettette a kznsget.
6. Ugye r fogod venni, hogy vegye el a lnyom, akrmilyen csnya is?
7. Maga varrja a ruhit vagy gy csinltatja?
8. Mieltt idekltztnk, mr renovltattk a hzat.
9. Mikor fogod az egy ve cspg csapot megjavttatni a vzvezetkszerelvel?
10. Ez majd elgondolkoztatja. Na ne nevettess! t? Soha!
11. Mirt mondod ezt? s meg tudod magyarzni, mirt tetted?
12. Ltod, megint megrkattad. Csak magadnak ksznheted.
13. Chilben Pinochet mg mindig rezteti a befolyst s sokszor hallatja a hangjt.
14. Bokszmeccs kzben kitttk a fogt, s mg a ruhjt is elloptk az ltzbl.

36
 CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION

15. Kpes lennl arra knyszerteni, hogy egyem meg?

16. Megprblta megrtetni magt, br ez teljesen remnytelen ksrlet volt.
17. R kellene venned a btydat, hogy jelentkezzen erre az llsra.
18. Tudasd velem, ha brmit megtudnl errl a gyans alakrl.
19. Fordttasd le magyarra, j?
20. Lehet, hogy a hagyma megrkat, ha pucolod.
21.. Az lehetetlen, hogy arra knyszertett volna, hogy elvedd a lnyt.
22. Nem szabad vele ratnod a leveleidet, fleg, ha azok bizalmasak.
23. Nem szabadna arra knyszertened, hogy sikkasszon.
24. Nem szksges vele elmondatnod, mi trtnt.
25. El volt trve a karja, ezrt a szomszddal satta fel a kertet.
26. Mr kt ve j szerelvel javttatod a kocsid, ugye? \
27. Megcsinltathatom vele a hzi feladatomat?
28. Valaha anymmal fzettem a vacsort.
29. Mrpedig a frjeddel fogom kifizettetni a krt!
30. Nem szksges lefordttatnod. A te nem hivatalos fordtsodat is elfogadjuk.
31. Fel ne merszeld mosatni vele a kvet!
32. Akr r is vehetnnk, hogy jjjn velnk.
33. Holnap ilyenkor? Pont a fnykpeket hvatom el vele.
34. ppen a leckt ismteltettem a fiammal, amikor az apja bejtt.
35. Mr sokszor eljultam a kkusz szagtl.
36. Az nem ltezik, hogy ppen most csutakoltatja a lovt. Azt jelentettk, hogy
csatban van.
37. Felesleges volt megjavttatnod a kzponti ftst, nem volt komoly baja.
38. Hla Istennek, nem kellett kmvessel pttetnem a hzat, megcsinltam n magam
s a rokonok.
39. Vedd r, hogy igya meg. zleni fog neki.
40. Nem engedhetjk meg magunknak, hogy minden hnapban megjavttassuk az
autt.
41. Milyen gyakran kell taptztatnotok a gyerekszobt?
42. Mikor fogod lemosatni a kocsidat?
43. Kirakattuk a rgi beptett szekrnyt s beszereltettnk egy divatos konyhabtort.
44. Kezd sttedni, kapcsoltasd fel valakivel a villanyt!
45. Jv ilyenkorra mr be fogjuk vezettetni a gzftst.
46. Megkrdezte, hogy bekttesse-e az n szakdolgozatomat is.
47. A guminyomst is ellenriztetni fogom a benzinkutassal.
48. Ha vonz akarsz lenni, legalbb havonta egyszer meg kell csinltatnod a frizurdat
a fodrsszal.
49. Biztos vagyok benne, hogy egy lvezetes koncert elfeledtetn velem a
problmimat.
50. Szval lusta vagyok. Meg tudnd mondani, mibl gondolod?
51. Nem tudom megrtetni vele, milyen veszlyes dolog hviharban vezetni.
53. Ha hatkony tanr akarsz lenni, el kell rned, hogy minden krlmnyek kztt
tiszteljenek.
54. Annak ellenre, hogy elutazsa eltt vekig tanult angolul, Angliban alig tudta
magt megrtetni.
55. Ha tovbb nlunk maradnl, lehet, hogy le tudnd szoktatni a mrtktelen
alkoholfogyasztsrl.
56. Nem tudtam volna rvenni, hogy szigoran ditzzon, ha te nem tancsoltad volna
neki ugyanezt..

37
CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION

57. Meg kellett volna hosszabbtanod az tleveled rvnyessgt egy ilyen hossz t
eltt.
58. Megpucoltathattad volna az ablakaidat, ha knyes vendgeket vrsz.
59. Minek a hatsra vltoztathatta meg olyan hirtelen a vlemnyt?
60. Vlemnyem szerint a problma kevsb bonyolult, mint amilyennek feltntettk.
61. A rendrsgen megkrtk, hogy teljes rszletessggel rja le a balesetet.
62. Mg soha nem knyszertettek arra, hogy becsapjam a fnkmet.

Megoldsok
1. Would you make him repeat this sentence?
2. Get this letter translated as soon as possible, please.
3. Have you had your car washed yet? I have it washed by the mechanic every week.
4. Yesterday she made her husband clear the snow away.
5. Selmeczi made the audience laugh a lot.
6. You will get him to marry my daughter, however ugly she is, won't you?
7. Does she sew her dresses herself or does she have them made?
8. They had already had the house restored before we moved here.
9. When will you get the tap that has been leaking for a year repaired by the plumber?
10. This will make him think. Come on, don't make me laugh! Him? Never!
11. What makes you say that? And can you explain what made you do it?
12. Look, you've made her cry again. You asked for it.
13. Pinochet still makes his influence felt and often makes himself heard in Chile.
14. During the boxing-match he had a tooth knocked out and even his clothes were
stolen from the changing-room.
15. Could you force me to eat it? / Could you make me eat it?
16. He tried to make himself understood, though it was a completely hopeless attempt.
17. You should get your elder brother to apply for this job.
18. Let me know whatever you learn about this shifty guy.
19. Get it translated into Hungarian, will you?
20. Onion may make you cry when you peel it.
21. He can't have made you marry his daughter.
22. You mustn't have your letters written by her, especially if they are confidential.
23. You oughtn't to make him embezzle.
24. You needn't get her to tell you what happened.
25. His arm was broken, so he got the neighbour to dig the garden.
26. You have been having your car repaired by a new mechanic for two years, haven't
you?
27. May I get him to do my my homework?
28. I used to get my mother to cook dinner.
29. I will make your husband pay for the damage!
30. You needn't get it translated. We accept your unofficial translation, too.
31. Don't you dare make him wash the stones!
32. We might as well get him to come with us.
33. This time tomorrow? I will be having him develop the photos.
34. I was making my son repeat the homework when his father came in.
35. The smell of coconut has often made me faint.
36. He can't be having his horse brushed. He has been reported to be fighting.
37. You needn't have had the central heating repaired. There was nothing seriously
wrong with it.

38
 CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION

38. Thank God, I didn't have to have my house built by a bricklayer. I did it myself
with my relatives.
39. Get him to drink it. He will like the taste of it.
40. We can't afford to have our car repaired every month.
41. How often do you need to have the children's room wall-papered? .
42. When will you have your car washed?
43. We have had the old built-in cupboard removed and fashionable kitchen furniture
put in.
44. It's getting dark. Get somebody to switch on the light.
45. By this time next year we shall have had gas-heating installed.
46. He asked whether he should have my thesis bound, too.
47. I'm going to have the pressure in the tyres checked by the filling station attendant,
too.
48. If you want to look attractive, you must have your hair styled by the hairdresser at
least once a month.
49. I'm sure that an enjoyable concert would make me forget my troubles.
50. So you say I'm lazy. Could you tell me what makes you think so?
52. I can't make him understand how dangerous it is to drive in a blizzard.
53. If you want to be an efficient teacher, you must make yourself respected in all
conditions.
54. In spite of his having learnt English for years before travelling, he could hardly
make himself understood in England.
55. If you stayed with us longer, you might be able to get him to give up excessive
drinking.
56. I couldn't have made her go on a strict diet if you hadn't given her the same advice.
57. You should have had the validity of your passport extended before such a long
journey.
58. You ought to have had your windows cleaned if you are expecting fastidious
guests.
59. What could have made him alter his opinion all of a sudden?
60. I think the problem is less complicated than they made it seem.
61. The police had him describe the accident in full detail.
62. I have never been made to cheat my boss.

39
INDIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH
(Fgg beszd)

A< fgg beszd elhangzott kijelentsek, krdsek, felszltsok trgyi mellkmondat

formjban trtn visszaadsa.

Ennek sorn rtelemszeren megvltoznak a nvmsok, hatrozk, igeidk:

this (these) helyett that (those), the

here helyett there
yesterday helyett the day before
tomorrow .helyett the next day
next week helyett the following week
...ago helyett ...before stb.

A fgg krds formailag kijelent mondat, teht nem hasznljuk a "do" segdigt s a
mondat vgre nem tesznk krdjelet. Az eldntend krds "if vagy "whether" ktszval,
a kiegsztend krds krdszval kezddik.

Az igeidk egyeztetse:

He says he is ill. He said he was ill.

he is reading, he was reading.
he was l. he had been ill.
he was working all day. he had been working all day.
he will be ill. he would be ill.
he will be studying at 5. he would be studying at 5.
he can swim.. he could swim.
he has to leave. he had to leave.

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. "I don't know you".
2. "I have been in this room for an hour."
3. "I think it is raining."
4. "This problem is too difficult for me."
5. "I'm leaving the town for ever."
6. "You have been rather impolite."
7. "The President arrived an hour ago."
8. "The contract will be signed tomorrow."
9. "I was doing my homework all afternoon."
10. "You are hopeless at maths."

40
 INDIRECT SPEECH
Megoldsok
1. He says he doesn't know us/me.
2. He says he has been in the room for an hour.
3. He says he thinks it is raining.
4. He says that the problem is too difficult for him.
5. He says he is leaving the town for ever.
6. He says I have been rather impolite.
7. They say the President arrived an hour ago.
8. We hope that the contract will be signed tomorrow.
9. She says she was doing her homework all afternoon.
10. She says we are hopeless at maths.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. "I have to help my mum with the shopping."
2. "I don't know you."
3. "I won't give you this valuable camera."
4. "I will buy a larger flat tomorrow."
5. "Yesterday we had an enjoyable party at my uncle's."
6. "The day before yesterday I found my note-book in your drawer."
7. "By this time next year we shall have passed the entrance exam."
8. "I never drink coffee before I have breakfast."
9. "We have bought a second-hand car."
10. "I have been swimming for an hour now."
11. "I drove each member of the company home ."
12. "I will come to see you on Sunday if I have time."
13. "We were thinking of travelling to Spain but we didn't have enough money."
14. "If I were you, I wouldn't marry that man."
15. "I would like to meet a famous actor personally."
16. "We should/ought to do more for the safety of our district."
17. "You should/ought to/must plant roses in the front part of your garden."
18. "You had better not get on the train when it's already moving."
19. "You might post this letter for me."
20. "He didn't pay attention to weather conditions."
21. "We shall arrange this tomorrow."
22. He pointed at two books. "I saw these in the library, too."
23. "I got this ring from my fiance."
24. "I'm selling my house this month."
25. "Which apple do you want? - This one."
26. "I'm too lazy to do any work today."
27. "I couldn't read the whole book yesterday."
28. "I saw a strange little old man on the staircase the day before yesterday."
29. "A year ago he was in love with me - now he is leaving me", she said.
30. "Next week we shall see the eclipse of the moon."
31. "I will go for an outing to the Bakony Hills the day after tomorrow."
32. "I heard you playing the violin half an hour ago."
33. "I'm not going to buy this watch."
34. "You can stay here as long as you want."

41
INDIRECT SPEECH

35. "O.K., I shall do the washing up for you."

36. "I will wash your car together with mine."
37. "I'm not willing to leave the house in such stormy weather."
38. "Would you like a cup of tea?"
39. "I will betray you if you don't give me a bar of chocolate."
40. "Your daughter broke my vase!"
41. "I broke it."
42. "I didn't break any of your vases."
43. "When is the performance to begin?"
44. "Where do you work?"
45. "Where is the college?"
46. "What have you got in your hand?"
46. "Tom, why didn't you tell your sister to come home?"
'47. "Is there anything in the fridge?"
48. "Would you like to meet the nice couple from Pcs?"
49. "Do you want to visit the Smiths or the Bakers?" my husband asked.
50. "Shall we get on this train or not?"
51. "If you get married, will you leave the company?"
52. "Shall we have one more cup of coffee in this cosy bar?"
53. "Shall I ever see this nice guy again?"
54. "Shall I put your luggage on the rack?"
55. "Will you give me advice on this matter?"
56. "Will you come to the meeting?"
57. "Will you have some more biscuits?"
58. "Children, don't sit on wet grass."
59. "You had better work harder."
60. "If I were you, I would stop doing second jobs."
61. "Remain seated, everybody!"
62. "If you don't like this dress, why don't you put another one on?"
63. "Do come in," the lady said.
64. "Don't forget to have your dinner-jacket dry-cleaned!"
65. "Don't be so shy, ask her name!", they told him.
66. "Don't close the door, it's so stuffy here," he said.
67. "If you meet Joe tell him to phone me," he said.
68. She said, "If you can't cook, don't invite guests for lunch."
69. "Let's have a look at this museum," she said.
70. "Let's not waste our time bargaining," he said.
71. "What a boring lecture!" she exclaimed.
72. He said, "Congratulations on your promotion."
73. He said, "Thank you for your help."
74. She said, "You are a genius, darling!"
75. They said to us, "Welcome!"
76. "Have a nice Easter holiday!" he said.
77. "You must see this film of Spielberg's," he said.
78. "As he has no dictionary for doing the translation, we must lend him ours," she
said.
79. "You must fry these steaks as quickly as possible," he said.
80. "You may enter the secret room provided you don't speak about it to anybody," he
said.
81. "Must you stay out so late tonight?" she asked.
82. "You mustn't water this plant every day," she said.

42
 INDIRECT SPEECH

83. "I needn't buy a season-ticket to the theatre: I have free admission there," he said.
84. He said, "You needn't work this afternoon."
85. They said, "If he sells the freezer at a lower price we needn't borrow any money
from our colleagues."
86. "Need I learn the poem by heart?" asked a pupil in class.
87. "Could I use your pen, please?" she asked.
88. "Could you please help me with these heavy bags?" the old lady asked.
89. "Could you drive me to work tomorrow?" she asked.
90. "At a very young age his children could speak two languages," she said.
91. He said, "If I could swim I would participate in this competition."
92. "If I were younger I could try to get another degree," she said.
93. "If everybody moved a bit to the right Joe could sit down, too," the teacher said.
94. "How much do you want for your rusty car?" he asked.
95. "When did you last see theaccused?" the judge asked.

Megoldsok
1. He said he had to help his mum with the shopping.
2. He said he didn't know me.
3. He said he wouldn't give me that valuable camera.
4. He said he would buy a larger flat the next/following day.
5. He said they had had an enjoyable party at his uncle's the day before.
6. He said he had found his note-book in my drawer two days before.
7. They said that by that time the next year they would have passed the entrance
exam.
8. He said he never drank coffee before having breakfast.
9. They said they had bought a second-hand car.
10. She said she had been swimming for an hour then.
11. He said he had driven each member of the company home.
12. She said she would come to see me on Sunday if she had time.
13. They said they had been thinking of travelling to Spain but they hadn't had enough
money.
14. I advised her not to marry that man.
15. She said she would like to meet a famous actor personally.
16. They said they should/ought to do more for the safety of their district.
17. She ad.yjsed me to plant roses in the front part of my garden.
18. He said I had better not get on the train / He advised/warned me not to get on the
train when it was already moving.
19. He said (that) I might post the letter for him. / He asked me to post the letter for
him.
20. The police said the man/the driver hadn't paid attention to weather conditions.
21. He said that they would arrange it/the matter the next day.
22. He said he had seen them in the library, too.
23. She said she had got the ring from her fiance.
24. She said she was selling her house that month.
25. I asked her which apple she wanted and she asked for the one near her.
26. He said he was too lazy to do any work that day.
27. He said he hadn't been able to read the whole book the day before.
28. He said he had seen a strange little old man on the staircase two days before.
29. She said that he had been in love with her a year before/the previous year and that
he was leaving her then.

43
INDIRECT SPEECH

30. He said we would see the eclipse of the moon the following week.
31. He said he would go for an outing to the Bakony Hills in two days' time.
32. He said he had heard me, playing the violin half an hour before.
33. He said he wasn't going to buy that/the watch.
34. He said I could stay there/with him as long as I wanted.
35. He agreed to do the washing up for me.
36. He promised to wash my car together with his.
37. He refused to leave the house in such stormy weather.
38. He offered me a cup of tea.
39. He threatened to betray me if I didn't give him a bar of chocolate.
40. He accused my daughter of breaking his vase.
41.1 admitted breaking it.
42. I denied breaking any of his vases.
43. She asked when the performance was to begin.
44. He asked where I worked.
45. He asked/wanted to know where the college was.
46. He asked (me) what I had got in my hand.
46. He asked Tom why he hadn't told his sister to come home.
47. He asked if there was anything in the fridge.
48. He asked whether/if we would like to meet the nice couple from Pcs.
49. My husband asked whether I wanted to visit the Smiths or the Bakers.
SO They hesitated whether or not to get on the train.
51. He asked whether I would leave the company if I got married.
52. He suggested having one more cup of coffee in that cosy bar.
53. She wondered whether she would ever see that nice guy again.
54. He offered to put my luggage on the rack.
55. He asked me to give him some advice on the matter.
56. He asked whether he would come to the meeting. / He invited him to the meeting.
57. She offered me some more biscuits.
58.1 told/warned the children not to sit on wet grass.
59. I advised him to work harder.
60. He advised me to stop doing second jobs.
61. He ordered us to remain seated.
62. He advised me to put on another dress. / He suggested that I put on another dress.
63. The lady asked/invited us to come in.
64. She reminded him not to forget to have his dinner-jacket dry-cleaned.
65. They encouraged him to ask her name.
66. He told me not to close the door.
67. He said if I met Joe I was to tell him to phone him.
68. She said/told me that if I couldn't cook I shouldn't invite guests for lunch.
69. She suggested having a look at the museum.
70. He suggested not wasting our/their time bargaining. / He suggested that we/they
shouldn't waste time bargaining.
71. She said it was a boring lecture.
72. He congratulated me on my promotion.
73. He thanked me for my help.
74. She called me a genius.
75. They welcomed us.
76. He wished me a nice Easter holiday.
77. He said that I must see that film of Spielberg's.

44
 INDIRECT SPEECH

78. She said that they would have to lend him their dictionary as he hadn't got one to
do the translation.
79. He said that I had to fry the steaks as quickly as possible.
80. He said that I might enter the secret room provided that I didn't speak about it to
anybody.
81. She asked if he had to stay out so late that night.
82. She said that I mustn't water the plant every day. / She told me not to water the
plant every day.
83. He said he didn't have to buy a season-ticket to the theatre because he had free
admission there.
84. He said that I needn't work that afternoon.
85. They said that if he sold the freezer at a lower price they wouldn't have to borrow
any money from their colleagues.
86. A pupil in class asked if he had to learn the poem by heart.
87. She asked me if she could use my pen.
88. The old lady asked me to help her with the heavy bags.
89. She asked me if I could drive her to work the next day.
90. She said that his children could/had been able to speak two languages at a very
young age.
91. He said that if he could swim he would participate in the competition.
92. She said that if she were younger she could try to get another degree.
93. The teacher said that if everybody moved a bit to the right Joe would be able to sit
down, too.
94. He asked how much he wanted for his rusty car.
95. The judge asked when he had last seen the accused.

Tovbbi pldk
1. Nem gondoltam, hogy a dnts ilyen nehz lesz.
2. Valaki azt mondta, hogy ezeket a ksrleteket hamarosan folytatni fogjk.
3. Spanyolorszgba utaztak. - Igazn? Azt mondtk, Prgban fogjk tlteni a
mzesheteket.
4. Nem tudtam megmondani nekik, hogy mg bent van-e az irodban.
5. Nem voltunk biztosak benne, hogy helyesen cselekedtnk-e.
6. Az igazgat rdekldtt, hogy a kutatcsoport megoldotta-e mr a problmt.
7. Nem tudod vletlenl, hogy ez milyen nvny?
8. Tudattk velnk, hogy mirt nem vettek fel tagnak.
9. Biztos voltam benne, hogy el tudjk foglalni az erdt.
10. Gondolod, hogy megengedik, hogy megnzzk a tvgyrtst?
11. Azt krdezte, hogy feltehet-e nhny krdst.
12. Azt mondtk neknk, hogy r tudtk venni, hogy meggondolja magt.
13. Azt mondta, hogy nem dolgozom elg kemnyen.
14. Panaszkodott, hogy sok nehz krdsre kellett vlaszolnia a vizsgn.
15. Javasoltuk, hogy mg egyszer gondoljuk t a dntst.
16. Azt hittem, esetleg meg akarod nzni a gyerekkori fnykpeimet.
17. Azt mondta, tegnapeltt egyedl meg tudta javtani a biztonsgi zrat.
18. Megkrdeztk, hogy kt nap mlva megltogathatjuk-e a beteget.
19. Azt mondtk, hogy egy szakrtt kell megkrdeznik ebben az gyben.
20. Az utazsi iroda dolgozja azt mondta, hogy a replgpnek kt rval azeltt
kellett volna megrkeznie.

45
INDIRECT SPEECH

21. Azt mondta, hogy a cikket rszben t kell dolgozni, mieltt ki lehetne adni.
22. Azt hittem, az zletkt vrja a kldttsget a repltren.
23. A fnk azt mondta, hogy ngy mrnk meg fogja tudni oldani a problmt.
24. A hirdets figyelmeztetett, hogy a leveleket legksbb prilis 30-ig be kell kldeni.
25. Azt mondta, hogy egyetlen krds nlkl beengedtk a trgyalterembe.

Megoldsok
1. I hadn't thought the decision would be as difficult as that.
2. Somebody told me the experiments would be continued soon.
3. They left for Spain. - Did they? They had said that they would spend their
honeymoon in Prague.
4. I couldn't tell them whether he was still in the office.
5. We were not sure whether we had done the right thing.
6. The director inquired whether the problem had already been solved by the research
team.
7. Do you happen to know what sort of plant this is?
8. They informed us why we hadn't been accepted as members.
9. I was sure that they would be able to capture the fortress.
10. Do you think we shall be permitted to see the televisions being produced?
11. She asked whether she might ask a few questions.
12. They told us they had been able to make him change his mind.
13. He said that I didn't work hard enough.
14. He complained that he had had to answer a lot of difficult questions at the
examination.
15. We suggested that we should think the decision over once again.
16. I thought you might want to see the photos of me as a child.
17. He said he had been able to repair the safety lock by himself two days before.
18. We asked if we would be allowed to see the patient in two days' time.
19. They said they would have to consult an expert on the matter.
20. The travel agency clerk told us that the plane should have arrived two hours before.
21. He said the article would have to be revised in part before it could be published.
22. I thought the business transactor was to meet the delegation at the airport.
23. The boss said that four engineers would be able to solve the problem.
24. The advertisement warned us that the letters would have to be sent by 30th April at
the latest.
25. He said that he had been allowed to enter the court-room without asking him
anything.

46
Alap-segdigk: do, be, have AUXILIARIES

AUXILIARIES
(Segdigk)

Alap-segdigk: do, be, have

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Szeretsz a vros szln lakni?
2. Mirt nem kred meg, hogy ellenrizze a szmokat?
3. Sok sportot ztl gimnazista korodban?
4. A bartod szereti a rgi filmeket?
5. Nem tiszteled a durva igazgatkat, ugye?
6. Tudod, hogyan kell palacsintt stni? Tudom.
7. lvezem a lovaglst knny nyri szellben. n is.
8. ljetek mr le, legyetek szvesek!
9. Manapsg nem zongorzom, de gyerekkoromban hetente ktszer jrtam zenerra.
10. Tnyleg szksgem van rd minden nap.
11. Ki tantja az irodalmat?
12. Ki nem akarja elmeslni az eskvje trtnett?
13. Kik nevetnek a fnk viccein?
14. Kik nem vesznek rszt a tovbbkpzsen?
15. Soha nem akartam sznszn lenni.

Megoldsok
1. Do you like living on the outskirts of the town?
2. Why don't you ask him to check the figures?
3. Did you go in for a lot of sports when you were at grammar school?
4. Does your friend like old films?
5. You don't respect rude directors, do you?
6. Do you know how to make pancakes? Yes, I do.
7. I enjoy riding in a light summer breeze. So do I.
8. Do sit down!
9. I don't play the piano nowadays, but I did have music lessons twice a week when I
was a child.
10. I do need you every day.
11. Who teaches literature?
12. Who doesn't want to tell the story of her wedding?
13. Who laughs at the jokes of the boss?
14. Who's not taking part in the refresher course?
15.1 never wanted to become an actress.
AUXILIARIES Alap-segdigk: do, be, have

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
16. Kvncsi vagyok, mirt jtt ilyen ksn.
17. A tervek szerint a miniszterelnk nyitja meg az lsszakot.
18. gy tervezzk, hogy laksszentet tartunk a ht vgn.
19. gy volt, hogy szervezi meg a kirndulst.
20. gy volt, hogy hrom htig maradunk Grgorszgban, de elfogyott a pnznk.
21. Elszr is az iskolai kvetelmnyeket kell teljestened.
22. A jelentkezsi lapot legksbb mrcius 31-ig be kell adni.
23. Sehol nem lehet ltni manapsg ezt az autmrkt.
24. Sehol sem talltk a klgyminiszter tolmcst.
25. Csodlni lehet az llhatatossgt.
26. ppen el akartam menni az irodbl, amikor megszlalt a telefon.
27. ppen meg akartam venni a cipt, amikor szrevettem, hogy egy karcols van a
sarkn.
28. Ne kiablj: szrnyen fj a fejem.
29. Gyakran fj a fejem, amikor dolgozatot runk.
30. Nem tudja felvenni a telefont, mert zuhanyozik.
31. Sohasem reggelizem otthon.
32. Mindig van egy kis tejed a htben?
33. Mikor voltl utoljra influenzs?
34. Lefekvs eltt ittunk egy pohrkval.
35. Jl reztk magunkat a tegnapi sszejvetelen.
36. Igazn szp estt tltttl el a menyasszonyoddal?
37. Gyakran vitatkozunk arrl, hogyan osszuk be a pnzt.
38. Htborzongat lmom volt egy fraszt napom utn.
39. Szeretek meghitten elbeszlgetni egy megrt jbarttal.
40. Mivel kedden nemzeti nnep volt, hrom napos szabadsgot kaptunk.
41. A lagzi utn egsz nap pihentnk.
42. Kedvem volna stlni egy nagyot az erdben.
43. Oltst kapsz, hogy ne legyl mumpszos.
44. Tppnzre vettk, mert az lland stressz miatt idegsszeroppanst kapott.
45. Mirt vacsorzol ilyen ksn?

Megoldsok
16. I wonder why he came so late.
17. The Prime Minister is to open the session.
18. There's to be a house-warming party at our place this weekend.
19. He was to organize the excursion.
20. We were to have stayed in Greece for three weeks but we ran out of money.
21. First of all, you are to fulfil the school requirements.
22. The application.form is to be submitted by the 31 st of March at the latest.
23. This make of car is nowhere to be seen nowadays.
24. The interpreter of the Minister of Foreign Affairs was nowhere to be found.
25. She is to be admired for her perseverance.
26. I was about to leave the office when the telephone rang.
27. I was about to buy the pair of shoes when I noticed that there was a scratch on the
heel of one of the shoes.
28. Don't shout. I have got a terrible headache.

48
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES
29. I often have a headache when we have exams.
30. He can't answer the phone because he is having a shower.
31.1 never have breakfast at home.
32. Do you always have some milk in the fridge?
33. When did you last have flu?
34. We had a night-cap before going to bed.
35. We had a good time at the meeting yesterday.
36. Did you really have a lovely evening with your fiancee?
37. We often have a quarrel about how to be economical with our money.
38. After a tiring day I had a spine-chilling dream.
39. I like having an intimate chat with a sympathetic friend.
40. With a national holiday on Tuesday we had three days off.
41. After the reception we had a rest all day long.
42. I feel like having a long walk in the forest.
43. You are going to be given a vaccination for mumps.
44. He was put on the sick-list because he had a nervous break-down owing to the
constant stress.
45. Why are you having dinner so late?

A mdbeli segdigk

Segtsgkkel kifejezhetjk a hozzjuk kapcsold fignek a valsghoz val kapcsolatt.

Alapfok

1. A "kell"- "nem kell" jelents segdigk rendszere

Jelen id:

/ must work. Must you work? 1 needn't work.

I have to work. Do you have to work? I don't have to work.
I have got to work. Have you got to work? I haven't got to work.

Mlt id:

I had to work. Did you have to work? I didn't have to work.

Jv id:

/ must work. Must you work? I needn't work

I will have to work. Will you have to work? I won't have to work.

49
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

Feltteles jelen:

I would have to work. Would you have to work? I wouldn't have to work.
I should work. Should you work? I shouldn't work.
I ought to work. Ought you to work? I oughtn't to work.

Feltteles mlt:

I would have had to work. Would you have had to I wouldn't have had to work.
work?
I should have worked. - Should you have worked? I shouldn't have worked.
I ought to have worked. Ought you to have worked? I oughtn't to have worked.

Present Perfect:

/ have had to work a Have you had to work a I haven't had to work a
lot since Monday lot since Monday? lot since Monday.

Specilis jelents:

He must be working. Bizonyra dolgozik.

He must have worked for this factory. Bizonyra ebben a gyrban dolgozott.
He must have been working for
a long time now. Bizonyra mr rgta dolgozik.

2. A "tud" jelents segdigk rendszere

Jelen id

He can play the piano. Can he play the piano? He can'tplay the piano.
He is able to work all day. Is he able to work all day? He isn't able to work all day.

Mlt id:

He could play the piano. Could he play the piano? He couldn't play the piano.
He was able to work all day. Was he able to work all day?He wasn't able to work all day.

Jv id:

He will be able to play the Will he be able to play the He won't be able to play the
piano / work hard all day. piano / work all day? piano / work all day.

Feltteles jelen:

He could play the piano if he had more time for practising.

Could he play the piano if he had more time for practising?
He couldn't play the piano even if he had more time for practising.
He would be able to work all day if he were stronger.

50
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES
Would he be able to work all day if he were stronger?
He wouldn't be able to work all day even if he were stronger.

Feltteles mlt:

He could have played the piano if he hadn't chosen the violin instead.
Could he have played the piano if he hadn't chosen the violin instead?
He couldn't have played the piano even if he hadn't chosen the violin instead.
He would have been able to work all day if the company had given him an adequate
salary.
Would he have been able to work all day if the company had given him an adequate
salary?
He wouldn't have been able to work all day even if the company had given him an
adequate salary.

Present Perfect:

/ have been able to play the piano / work all day since I was a child.
Have you been able to play the piano / work all day since you were a child?
I haven't been able to play the piano / work all day since I was a child.

Specilis jelents:

He can't be ill. Az lehetetlen, hogy beteg.

He can't be playing the piano now. Az lehetetlen, hogy most zongorzik.
He can't have played the piano yesterday. Az lehetetlen, hogy tegnap zongorzott.
He can't have been playing the piano
for seven years. Az lehetetlen, hogy ht ve zongorzik.

3. A "szabad" - "nem szabad", "lehet" - "nem lehet" jelents segdigk

rendszere

Jelen id

/ may smoke here. May I smoke here? I may not smoke here.
I am allowed to smoke here. Am I allowed to smoke I'm not allowed to smoke here.
here?

Mlt id

/ was allowed to smoke Was I allowed to smoke I wasn't allowed to smoke

here. here? here.

Jv id

/ shall be allowed to smoke Shall I be allowed to smoke I shan't be allowed to smoke

here. here? here.

51
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

Feltteles jelen:

/ would be allowed to smoke here if I had an ashtray.

Would I be allowed to smoke here if I had an ashtray?
I wouldn't be allowed to smoke here even if I had an ashtray.

Feltteles mlt:

I would have been allowed to smoke here if the family hadn't had a baby.
Would I have been allowed to smoke here if the family hadn't had a baby?
I wouldn't have been allowed to smoke here even if the family hadn't had a baby.

Present Perfect

I have been allowed to smoke here for a few days.

How long have you been allowed to smoke here?
I haven't been allowed to smoke here for some time now.

Specilis jelents:

He may be in the kitchen. Lehet, hogy a konyhban van.

He may be learning English. Lehet, hogy ppen angolt tanul.
He may have driven your car. Lehet, hogy vezette az autdat.
He may have been dead for years. Lehet, hogy vek ta halott.

A "may", "might" s a "be allowed to" jelentse

Kzp- s felsfok

a. engedly:

1. Dohnyozhatom ebben a flkben?

1. May I smoke in this compartment?

b.lehetsg:

1. Lehet, hogy javtjk a futat.

2. Lehet, hogy megvlasztottk a szvetsg ftitkrv.

' 1. The highway may be under repair.

2. He may have been elected General Secretary of the Association.

c. megenged mellkmondatokban:

1. Brmilyen sokat tanul is, soha nem fogja behozni a tbbieket.

1. However much he may study, he will never catch up with the others.

52
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES
d. kvnsgok, hajok kifejezse:

1. Kvnom, hogy soha ne legyenek komoly gondjaid!

1. May all your problems be small ones!

e. az akr....is kifejezsre:

1. Akr be is fejezhetnnk ma a munkt.

1. We may as well finish the work today.

f. jv s mlt idej alakja: will/was/were allowed to

1. Mirt nem jhettl tegnap velnk?

1. Why weren't you allowed to come with us yesterday?

g. a jelenre vonatkoz felttelezs kifejezse:

1. Lehet, hogy meg akar lepni minket.

1. He may want to surprise us.

h. mltra vonatkoz felttelezs: may + befejezett fnvi igenv

1. Lehet, hogy nem rtett, amikor megszltottad.

1. He may not have understood you when you addressed him.

Pldamondatok
1. Ne dobd ki ezeket a feljegyzseket; lehet, hogy a fnkdnek nlklzhetetlenek.
2. Lehet, hogy regnyeit nem soroljk a mai irodalom legjobbjai kz, de rdemes
elolvasni ket.
3. Krhetnk egy cigarettt?
4. Lehet, hogy kpes egyedl megoldani a problmt.
5. E termkek minsge esetleg kifogsolhat.
6. Lehet, hogy lekste az utols buszt.
7. Add oda neki ezt a knyvet; lehet, hogy rdekli.
8. Lehet, hogy tvedek, de akkor se nevezz hazudoznak.
9. Krhetek tled egy szvessget?
10. Biztosthatlak, hogy brmikor jhetsz, amikor kedved tartja.
11. Holnap megnzhetem a koronzsi kszereket.
12. Mirt nem engedtk meg, hogy cipvel belpj az pletbe?
13. Remlem, megengedik, hogy megltogassuk t a krhzban.
14. Soha nem engedik meg, hogy kvlllk rszt vegyenek a megbeszlseken.
15. Ha megengedtk volna, hogy foglalkozzunk a problmval, lehet, hogy mr meg is
tudtuk volna oldani.
16. Azt hittk, hogy majd brmelyik megoldst vlaszthatjuk.
17. Lehet, hogy fel kellett hagyniuk a ksrletezssel.
18. Lehet, hogy az a nagy aut behorpasztotta a karosszrit.
19. Soha nem engedtek volna be a klubba, ha nem mondtam volna nekik.
20. Mirt nem dohnyozhatnak a vendgek a nappaliban?
21. Lehet, hogy mr rg elfelejtette azt a knos histrit azzal a lnnyal.

53
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

Megoldsok
1. Don't throw these notes out: they may be indispensable for your boss.
2. His novels may not be considered as being among the best'in modern literature, but
they are worth reading.
3. Might I trouble you for a cigarette?
4. He may be able to solve the problem by himself.
5. The quality of these products might be found fault with.
6. She may have missed the last bus.
7. Give this book to him. He may be interested in it.
8. I may be wrong but even so, don't call me a liar.
9. May I ask you a favour?
10. I can assure you that you may/can come any time you like.
11. I will be allowed to have a look at the crown jewels tomorrow.
12. Why weren't you allowed to enter the building with your shoes on?
13.1 hope we shall be allowed to visit him in the hospital.
14. They never allow any outsider to take part in their discussions.
15. If we had been allowed to tackle the problem, we might have been able to solve it
by now.
16. We thought that we would be allowed to choose any solution.
17. They may have had to give up the experiment.
18. That large car may have dented the car body.
19. You would never have been admitted to the club if I hadn't told them to.
20. Why may the guests not smoke in the living room?
21. He may have forgotten that awkward story with that girl long ago.

A "can", "could" s a "be able to" jelentsrnyalatai

a. kpessg:

1. t levelet le tud gpelni egy ra alatt.

2. Igazn nagyon sajnlom, de ma nem tudok segteni.

1. She can type five letters in one hour.

2. I'm really very sorry but I can't help you today.

b. engedly (kevsb hivatalos, mint a may):

1. Hasznlhatom egy percre a tolladat?

1. Can I use your pen just for a minute?

c. rzkelst kifejez igk mellett:

1. Hallom, amint magban beszl.

1. I can hear him talking to himself.

d. segtsg felajnlsa:

1. Segthetek a htvgi bevsrlsban?

1. Can I help you with the week-end shopping?

54
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES

e. jelenre vonatkoz negatv kvetkeztets:

1. Az lehetetlen, hogy zongorzik most.

1. He can't be playing the piano now.

f. mltra vonatkoz negatv kvetkeztets:

1. Nem lehet, hogy eladta a csaldi hzt: annyira szeret ott lakni.
1. He can't have sold his detached house. He likes living there so much.

g. ltalnos lehetsg:

1. Rengeteg knyvet lehet olvasni, ha az ember beiratkozik egy knyvtrba.

1. You can read a lot of books if you register in a library.

h. jelenre vonatkoz tallgats:

1. Ki kopoghat ilyen ksn?

1. Who can be knocking at the door so late?

i. mltra vonatkoz tallgats:

1. Hogyan lophattk el tle a kzitskjt?

1. How can they have robbed her of her handbag?

Pldamondatok
1. Tltse meg a tankot, krem, hogy Debrecenig elg legyen.
2. Nhny ve egsz jszaka tudtam tncolni.
3. A hegy nagyon magas volt, de a tapasztalt hegymsz fel tudott jutni a cscsra.
4. Klcsnkrhetnm a fnykpezgpedet a szabadsgom idejre?
5. Dnthetnnk az ellptetsek gyben is.
6. Segthetnk az elkszletekben?
7. Mirt tehette ezt veled?
8. Elvitte a fit a jtsztrre, hogy beszlgethessen vele.
9. nem okozhatott ilyen slyos balesetet.
10. Tudnk vlaszolni erre a krdsre, ha szkrtje lennk a tmnak.
11. Azt mondta, nem tud kijnni a fizetsbl.
12. Nem mindig kapcsolhatjuk ssze a munkt a szrakozssal.
13. Az atomenergia szles krben hasznlhat.
14. Meg tudn mondani, hol van a tallt trgyak osztlya?
1'5. Napjainkban sok hztartsi gp nem mkdhetne villamos energia nlkl.
16. A nvnyek kpesek arra, hogy a szn-dioxidot oxignn alaktsk.
17. Nem lehet egy ilyen bonyolult krdst alapos tgondols nlkl eldnteni.
18. Bzott benne, hogy kpes lesz bekerlni a dntbe.
19. Egy egyszer szervezet nem kpes hossz tvolsgok megttelre.
20. El tudsz majd jnni a laksavat bulinkra?

55
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

Megoldsok
1. Fill up the tank, please, so that I have enough petrol to get to Debrecen.
2. A few years ago I could dance all night.
3. The mountain was very tall but the experienced mountaineer was able to reach the
top.
4. Could I borrow your camera for my holiday?
5. We could make a decision on the issue of promotion as well.
6. Could I help you with the preparations?
7. What could have made him do it to you?
8. He took his son to the play-ground so that he could talk to him.
9. He can't/couldn't have caused such a severe accident.
10. I could answer this question if I were an expert on the topic.
11. He said he couldn't manage on his salary.
12. We can't always combine work with pleasure.
13. Nuclear energy can be widely used.
14. Could you tell me where the Lost Property Office is?
15. Nowadays many household appliances could not work without electric energy.
16. Plants are capable of converting carbon dioxide into oxygen.
(able to convert)
17. Such a complicated issue can not be solved without thorough consideration.
18. She was confident that she would be able to qualify for the final.
19. A simple organism is unable to cover long distances.
20. Will you be able to come to our house-warming party?

A "shall" jelentsrnyalatai

a. szndk, eltkltsg:

1. Brmi trtnjen, ki fogok tartani a dntsem mellett.

2. Igenis megfogadod a tancsomat!
3. Nem fogom elfelejteni, hogyan bntl velem.

1. I shall abide by my decision whatever may happen.

2. You shall take my advice.
3. I shan't forget the way you treated me.

b. utasts, tancs krse, segtsg felajnlsa:

1. Hol szlljunk t a fldalattira?

2. Vegyek egy kis disznhst ebdre?

1. Where shall we change to the underground?

2. Shall I buy some pork for lunch?

56
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES
c. a "let's..." kezdet mondatok utkrdse:

1. Menjnk el megnzni ezt a filmet, j?

1. Let's go and see this film, shall we?

A "should" jelentsrnyalatai

a. ktelessg, utasts:

1. Ki kellene fizetned a telefonszmlt, klnben kikapcsoljk.

I. You should pay the telephone bill, or else it will be disconnected.

b. feltteles mondatokban, ha az alany vagy "we":

1. Szeretnm tudni, mit csinlsz nap mint nap.

1. I should like to know your everyday routine.

c. valszntlen felttel esetn:

1. Ha esetleg meghvna, boldogan elfogadnm.

1. If he should invite me, I would be glad to accept it.
Should he invite me, I would be glad to accept it.

d. szemrehnys elmaradt cselekvs miatt:

1. Mr ezer ve olvasnod kellett volna ezt a hres knyvet.'

1. You should have read this famous book ages ago.

e. bizonyos igk utn:

1. Javaslom, hogy a tantestlet elszr a kpests nlkli tanrok helyzett vitassa

meg.
1. I propose that the staff should discuss the situation of the unqualified teachers first.

Pldamondatok
1. Gondoskodni fogok rla, hogy megkapd a bntetsedet.
2. Ez alkalommal nem fogok neki segteni.
3. Mg ha nem is rtesz egyet a csoportvezetvel, azt csinlod, amit mond!
4. Milyen gyakran ellenrizzem a guminyomst?
5. Hova tegyem ezeket a nehz brndket?
6. Mindent a kvnsgod szerint rendeznk el.
7. Emlkeztetni kellene ket az gretkre.
8. E felfedezs jelentsgt nem szabadna albecslni.
9. Ezt az elrst szigoran be kellene tartani hasonl balesetek elkerlse vgett.
10. Azt krdezte tlem, hogy le kell-e fogynia.
II. Szeretnk megismerkedni az osztly valamennyi munkatrsval.
12. Nem lenne szabad estnknt ennyi srt meginnod.
13. Ha esetleg valaki jnne, mondd meg, hogy egy perc mlva visszarek.
14. Az embert tettei s nem szavai alapjn kell megtlni.

57
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

15. Ezt a munkt a knyvelnek kellene kiadnunk.

16. Mirt kellett volna vgiglnm ezt a szrny unalmas eladst?
17. El kellett volna vllalnod ezt a knny fordtst.
18. Bartsgosabban kellett volna beszlned vele: mg szksged lehet a segtsgre.
19. Mivel nyissuk ki a borospalackot?
20. Azt javasolta, hogy mindannyian vegynk ki egy szabadnapot.
21. A taxisofrk srgettk, hogy a miniszterelnk a tmeg eltt magyarzza meg a
magas benzinrak okt.
22. Fontos, hogy tisztban legyl az expedci veszlyeivel.
23. A kirly megparancsolta, hogy hozzk elbe az engedetlen nemesurat.
24. Nem vittk el a klfldi cggel folytatott trgyalsra, nehogy valami butasgot
mondjon.
25. Termszetes, hogy dntsnk eltt kikrjk a vlemnyedet.
26. Nem engedem, hogy tallkozzon vele, nehogy megszeresse.
27. Javasolta, hogy helyezzk zembe az j szmtgp-rendszert.
28. Mirt ragaszkodsz ahhoz, hogy szemlyes elbeszlgetsre hvjanak?
29. Nevetsges dolog, hogy kikosaraz egy ilyen jkp krt.
30. Nem bosszant, hogy egy tzves gyerek nem tud szendvicset kszteni?

Megoldsok
1. I shall see to it that you will get your punishment.
2. This time I shan't help him.
3. Even if you disagree with the leader of the group, you shall/will do what he says.
4. How often shall/should I check the pressure of the tyres?
5. Where shall I put these heavy suitcases?
6. Everything shall/will be arranged according to your wishes.
7. They should be reminded of their promise.
8. The importance of this discovery should not be underestimated.
9. This regulation should be strictly observed in order to avoid accidents like these.
10. She asked me if she should lose some weight.
11. I should like to get acquainted with all my colleagues in the department.
12. You should not drink so much beer in the evenings.
13. If anyone should come, tell him that I'll be back in a minute. (Should anyone come,
tell him that...)
14. You should judge a man by what he does and not by what he says.
15. We should assign this job to the accountant.
16. Why should I have sat out this terribly boring performance?
17. You should have undertaken this easy translation.
18. You should have spoken to him in a more friendly way. You may need his help
some time.
19. What shall we open the wine bottle with?
20. He suggested that we all should take a day off.
21. Taxi drivers urged that the Prime Minister should explain the high petrol prices in
the presence of the crowd.
22. It's important that you should be aware of the dangers of the expedition.
23. The king ordered that the disobedient nobleman should be brought to him.
24. We didn't take him to the negotiation with the foreign company for fear that he
should say something silly.
25. It's only natural that we should ask you for your opinion before we decide.
26. I don't allow her to meet him lest she should fall in love with him.

58
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES

27. He suggested that we should put the new computer system into-operation.
28. Why do you insist on it that you should be invited for a personal meeting?
29. It's ridiculous that she should turn such a good-looking suitor down.
30. Isn't it annoying that a child of ten should not be able to make a sandwich?

A "will" jelentsrnyalatai

a. udvarias krs:

1. Segtene, krem, vinni a csomagjaimat?

2. Krem, legyen szves eloltani a cigarettjt.
3. Lesz szves szmomra is szllst foglalni?
4. Lesz szves bediktlni a szemlyi adatait?

1. Will you help me with my luggage, please?

2. Put out your cigarette, will you?
3. Will you be so kind as to reserve accommodation for me, too?
4. Will you dictate your personal particulars to me?

b. knls:

1. Tet kr vagy kvt?

1. Will you have tea or coffee?

c. gret:

1. Elksrlek a vizsgdra, ha akarod.

1. I will accompany you to your exam if you want.
d. szilrd elhatrozs:

1. Hozzmegy ehhez a lhthz, brmit mondasz is neki.

1. She will marry this idler, whatever you tell her.

e. elrejelzs, valsznsg kifejezse jelenre s jvre:

1. Bizonyra megkapjk a csomagot hrom napon bell.

2. Ez lesz az az albrlet, amire a lnyomnak szksge van.

1. They will receive the parcel in three days.

2. These will be the lodgings my daughter needs.

f. felttelezs a jelenben befejezett cselekvsre vonatkozan:

1. Bizonyra mr elutazott vidki rokonaihoz a htvgre.

2. Bizonyra mr tallkoztl az estly nnepelt hressgvel.
1. He will have left to see his relatives in the country at the week-end.
2. You will have met the celebrity of the evening party.

59
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

g. jellemz tulajdonsg, szoks:

1. Semmi msrl nem szokott beszlni, mint a sajt karrierjrl.

2. Mindig flbeszakt, anlkl, hogy elnzst krne.

1. He will talk about nothing but his own carreer.

2. He will interrupt me without apologizing.

h. ltalnos igazsg, elkerlhetetlen dolgok kifejezse:

1. A gyerekek mindig is rosszak lesznek.

1. Children will be naughty.

i. valami nem mkdik, valaki valamit nem hajland csinlni:

1. Nem nylik az ablak, mit csinljunk?

2. Mr tbbszr mondtam neki, hogy mossa le a kocsit, de nem hallgat rm.

1. The window won't open. What shall we do?

2. I've told him several times to wash the car but he won't listen to me.

Pldamondatok
1. Biztosan meg fogja krdezni a nevedet a vizsga eltt.
2. Bizonyra megtanulta mr a vizsgatteleket.
3. Ha lesz szves rsban beadni a javaslatot, az igazgat szemlyesen fog dnteni
rla.
4. Szeretnnk inni egy pohr pezsgt, de nem tudjuk kihzni a dugt.
5. Ne krdezd, hol van a frje, mert ilyenkor rk hosszat szokott panaszkodni.
6. Az angolok soha nem fogadjk be a ms nemzetisgeket.
7. A rendrsg nem tart attl, hogy a terroristk megprbljk majd meglni
tszaikat, ha nem teljestik a kvetelseiket.
8. Kzlm a tisztelt sztrjkbizottsggal, hogy mivel n vagyok az alelnk, azt
bocstok el, akit akarok.
9. Elviszem az rmat az llatorvoshoz, mert nem szl benne a kakukk.
10. Pszt! Valaki kopog az ajtn! - Ez biztos a kutya!
11. Gondolom, mr elolvastad a mai Esti Hrlapot.

Megoldsok
1. He will ask your name before the exam.
2. He will have learnt the topics for the exam.
3. If you submit your proposal in a written form, the director will decide about it in
person.
4. We would like to drink a glass of champagne but the cork won't come out.
5. Don't ask her where her husband is because then she will complain for hours.
6. The English will never accept other nationalities.
7. The police are not afraid that the terrorists will kill their hostages if their
requirements are not fulfilled.
8. I wish to tell the honoured strike committee that, being the vice president, I will
dismiss whoever I want to.

60
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES

9. I will take my clock to the vet because the cuckoo doesn't work in it.
10. Hush! Someone is knocking at the door! - That will be the dog!
11. I suppose you will have read today's Esti Hrlap.

A "would" jelentsrnyalatai

a. udvarias krs

1. Lenne olyan szves becsukni az ajtt?

2. Lenne szves klcsnadni a telefonknyvet?
3. Lennl szves msik csatornra kapcsolni?
4. Lenne szves kinyitni az ablakot?
5. - Termszetesen.
6. Sajnos nem tehetem.

1. Would you be so kind as to shut the door?

2. Would you lend me the telephone directory?
3. Would you switch on to another channel?
4. Would you mind opening the window?
5. - Of course not./ Not at all.
6. I'm afraid I can't.

b. rdeklds

1. Kr mg nhny stemnyt?
2. Krsz egy pohr bort?

1. Would you like to have some more cakes?

2. Would you care for a glass of wine?

c. engedlykrs

1. Van ellene kifogsod, hogy egy fl rra egyedl hagyjalak?

2. Nem, csak nyugodtan.
3. Inkbb ne.
1. Would you mind my leaving you alone for half an hour?
2. Not at all.
3. I'd rather you didn't.

d. eltkltsg

1. llandan klcsnkrt tlem fizetsnap eltt egy httel.

1. She would keep asking me for some money a week before pay-day.

e. hajlandsg ill. ennek tagadsa

1. Nem volt hajland teljesteni az egyetlen kvnsgomat sem.

1. He wouldn't even fulfil my only request.

61
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

f . mltbeli ismtld szoks

1. A hetvenes vekben minden szombaton discba mentem.

1. In the 70's I would go to the disco every Saturday.

g. az J wish/if only utn, ha a cselekvs valaki vagy valami akarattl fgg

1. Brcsak ne dohnyoznl estnknt az gyban!

1. I wish you wouldn't smoke in the bed in the evenings.

h. az / would rather, I would prefer szerkezetekben

1. Ezzel a szrny megfzssal inkbb itthon maradnk.

2. Jobban szeretnm a vros nevezetessgeit megnzni.
1. I would rather stay at home with this nasty cold.
2. I would prefer to see the sights of the town.

i. //utni hasznlata:

udvarias krs esetn:

1. Ha lenne olyan szves visszahvni t perc mlva, megmondom nnek a pontos
rszleteket.
1. If you would call me back in five minutes, I shall tell you the exact details.

hajlandsg kifejezsre:
1. Ha hajland lenne megmutatni a sajt terveit, tudnk neki segteni az ingatlanok
felmrsben.
1. If he would show me his own plans, I could help him in assessing properties.

Pldamondatok
1. Volna ellene kifogsa, ha ebben a szobban aludnk?
2. Lenne ellene kifogsod, hogy a hajt kzben a knyvemen dolgozzam?
3. Tncolnl a nvremmel ma este? - Tncolnk, ha tudnk.
4. Estnknt a kandall mellett lve htborzongat trtneteket szokott meslni.
5. Soha nem nyjtott segtsget szenved sorstrsainak.
6. Jobban szeretnm, ha nem festetnd be a hajad ilyen rikt srgra.
7. Soha nem viselkedne ilyen durvn a szerettei krben.
8. Azt szeretnm, ha ksznnl a kollgimnak.
9. Azt szeretnnk, ha kemnyebben dolgoznl a felvteli vizsga eltt kt httel.
10. Krsz mg fagylaltot? - Ksznm, inkbb nem.
11. Ha hajland lennl rendszeresen zongorzni, egy napon nagy mvsz lehetne
belled.
12. Azt mondta, idben be fogja adni a dolgozatt, de nem tette.
13. Megprbltuk meggyzni az elveink helyessgrl, de nem volt hajland elfogadni
az rveinket.
14. Mirt krdezted, hogy kocsival megynk-e?
15. Jobban szeretnm ezt a problmt egy kzeli bartommal megbeszlni.
16. Elszaktottam az j kabtom zsebt.- Ez jellemz rd!

62
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES
17. Nem adna fel hirdetst, ha mskppen is el tudn adni az autjt.
18. Jobban szeretnm brelni ezt a lakst.
19. Azt szeretn, ha a tanrok nem ratnnak vele annyi fordtst.
20. Inkbb elhagyn a szlfldjt, mint hogy lssa, miknt megy tnkre.
21. Ha egy kicsit csendesebben beszlne, hallhatnnk a hreket Bosznirl.
22. Mondok neked egy mest egy kisfirl, aki nem akart levest enni.
23. Meggrte, hogy elvesz felesgl, mihelyt felbontom az eljegyzsemet Tiziannal.
24. Fiatal hzas korban Tommy minden reggel megcskolta felesgt, Annie-t,
mieltt munkba ment.
25. Mondtam neki, hogy jobban szeretnm, ha nem menne be a tigris ketrecbe, mivel
nem llatszeldt.

Megoldsok
1.Would you mind me/my sleeping in this room?
2.Would you mind me/my working on my book during the voyage?
3.Would you dance with my elder sister tonight? I would if I could.
4.Sitting by the fireplace, he would tell spine-chilling stories in the evenings.
5.He would never lend a helping hand to his suffering fellow victims.
6.I'd rather you didn't have your hair dyed such a loud yellow.
7.He would never behave so rudely in the presence of his nearest and dearest.
8.I wish you would say hello to my colleagues.
9.We wish you would work harder two weeks before the entrance exams.
10.Would you like to have some more ice-cream? - Thank you, I'd rather not.
11.If you would play the piano regularly, you could become a famous artist one day.
12.He said he would give in his essay in time, but he didn't.
13.We tried to convince him of the correctness of our principles but he wouldn't
accept our arguments.
14. Why did you ask whether we would go by car?
15.1 would rather discuss this problem with a close friend of mine.
16. I've torn the pocket of my new coat. - You would!
17. He wouldn't place an advertisement if he could find another way of selling his car.
18. I'd prefer to rent this flat.
19. He wishes that the teachers wouldn't make him write so many translations.
20. He would rather leave his country than see it falling into ruins.
21. If he would speak a bit more quietly, we could hear the news about Bosnia.
22. I'll tell you a tale about a little boy who wouldn't eat soup.
23. He promised that he would marry me as soon as I broke off my engagement with
Tizian.
24. When Tommy was newly wed, he would kiss his wife, Annie every morning before
leaving for work.
25. I told him I'd rather he didn't go into the tiger's cage since he was not an animal
tamer.

A "must" jelentsrnyalatai

a. szksgessg:

1. Az polnknek sok trelmk kell, hogy legyen.

1. Nurses must have a lot of patience.

63
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

b. bels ktelessg, knyszer:

1. Meg kell rnom ezt a fogalmazst.

1. I must write this composition.

c. utasts, parancs:

1. Kopognod kell az ajtn, mieltt belpsz a szobmba.

1. Yo must knock on the door before entering my room.

d. tancs, nyomatkos krs:

1. El kell jnntk egy nap, hogy megvitassuk a csald dolgait.

1. You must come to discuss family matters one day.

e. jelenre vonatkoz bizonyossg, felttelezs:

1. Nem nyitnak ajtt; bizonyra tvt nznek.

* 2. Biztosan nagyon izgatott: holnap lesz az eskvje.

1. They aren't answering the doorbell. They must be watching TV.

2. She must be very excited: she's getting married tomorrow.

f. mltra vonatkoz bizonyossg, felttelezs, logikus kvetkeztets:

1. Mi ez a rendetlensg a fikomban? -Bizonyra a lnyom kotorszott benne.

2. Bizonyra nagyon kemnyen dolgoztl, ha ilyen kimerlt vagy.
1. What's this mess in my drawer? - My daughter must have rummaged in it. .
2. You must have worked very hard if you are so exhausted.

g. jelen idej tagad alakja tiltst fejez ki:

1. Nem szabad elltetned a nvnyeket, ha vrhat, hogy fagyni fog.

1. You mustn't bed plants if frost is likely.

h. a ktelessg hinynak kifejezse a "needn 7" segtsgvel:

1. Nem szksges kivasalnod ezt az inget: gyrhetetlen anyagbl van.

2. Nem kell csatlakoznod a klubhoz, ha a szombatonknti disckra jrni akarsz.
3. Nem kell kidolgoznunk ezt a tervet, mert a bizottsg tegnap elvetette.
4. Nem kell vacsort ksztenik maguknak, mert a szakcs mr megfzte.

1. You needn't iron this shirt; it's made of crease-resistant material.

2. You needn't join the club if you want to come to the discos on Saturdays.
3. We needn't work out this plan because the committee rejected it yesterday.
4. They needn't prepare dinner for themselves because the cook has already made it.

64
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES
Pldamondatok
1. Bizonyra j szakcs: kt tterem is akarja alkalmazni.
2. Meg kell nzned ezt a darabot: pomps a szereposztsa.
3. vente legalbb egyszer el kell menned orvosi ellenrzsre.
4. Az utbbi kt htben nem tallkoztam velk: bizonyra vidkre utaztak.
5. Hol van Joe? - Bizonyra a hzi feladatt rja.
6. Mg nincs itthon - bizonyra fontos megbeszlse van az irodban.
7. Korn fel kell kelnnk, hogy mindent elrendezznk a hz krl.
8. Javult az szstechnikja: bizonyra sokat gyakorolt az utbbi idben.
9. Az aut gyorsan eltnt a tvolban: biztosan 100 km/h-nl jval gyorsabban hajtott.
10. Az iratokat alaposan kell tanulmnyozni.
11. Nem tallom a gyrmet. - Bizonyra elloptk.
12. Ha nem hallotta az bresztrt, bizonyra mlyen aludt.
13. Az lehetetlen, hogy komolyan beszl: biztosan csak viccel.
14. Van egy forrads az arcn. Bizonyra a mltkori verekeds sorn sebeslt meg.
15. Meg kell kstolnod ezt a slt csirkt. Az anysom sttte.
16. Megbukott az v vgi vizsgn. Bizonyra nagyon lusta volt. \
17. Az engedelmes llampolgroknak nem szabad megszegnik a trvnyt.
18. Benzint nem szabad tz kzelben hagyni, nehogy a hz kigyulladjon.
19. A balesetek elkerlse vgett nem szabad autt vezetni, ha valaki ittas llapotban
van.

20. Gynyr ez a hz: bizonyra restaurltk az utols ltogatsom ta.

Megoldsok
1. He must be a very good cook: two restaurants want to employ him.
2. You must see this play. It has a marvellous cast.
3. You must have a medical check-up at least once a year.
4. I haven't met them for the last two weeks; they must have gone to the provinces.
5. Where is Joe? - He must be writing his homework.
6. He isn't at home yet - he must be having an important meeting in the office.
7. We must get up early to arrange everything around the house.
8. His swimming technique has improved: he must have practised a lot recently.
9. The car quickly disappeared into the distance: it must have been doing well over
100 kms/hour.
10. The documents must be studied thoroughly.
11. I can't find my ring. - It must have been stolen.
12. He must have been fast asleep if he couldn't hear the alarm-clock.
13. He can't be serious: he must be joking.
14. He has a scar on his cheek. He must have been wounded during the fight the other
day.
15. You must taste this fried chicken. It was made by my mother-in-law.
16. He failed the end of year exam. He must have been very lazy.
17. Obedient citizens must observe laws.
18. Petrol mustn't be left near fire lest the house should catch fire.
19. One mustn't drive when drunk to avoid accidents.
20. This house looks beautiful: it must have been renovated since I was here last.

65
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

A "have (got) to" jelentsrnyalatai

a. kls krlmnyekbl add knyszer, szksgessg:

1. El kell mennie az orvoshoz, mert valsznleg tdgyulladsa van.

2. Mindig dlutn ngyig kell dolgoznod?

1. He has to go to the doctor because he probably has pneumonia.

2. Do you always have to work until four o'clock in the afternoon?

b. tancs, nyomatkos krs:

1. Nagyon vatosnak kell lenned, ha ms autjt vezeted.

1. You have to be very careful if you drive somebody else's car.

Pldamondatok
1. A tanr minden egyes szavra emlkeznnk kell, hogy ki tudjuk tlteni a
feladatlapot.
2. Mirt nem kell neki mosogatni, ha nekem mindig ki kell vasalnom a ruhkat?
3. Senkinek sem kellett belpdjat fizetnie.
4. Nem kellene most a padln mszklnunk, ha nem vesztetted volna el a
kontaktlencsdet.
5. Amikor defektnk volt, segtsget kellett krnnk egy msik sofrtl.
6. Mikor kell majd eldntenie, hogy milyen plyt vlaszt?
7. Milyen gyakran kell vigyznod az unokahgodra?
8. Ha leteszed a vizsgt, soha tbb nem kell majd egsz estket angol szavak
tanulsval tltened.
9. Olyan helyzetben voltunk, hogy el kellett fogadnunk mg ezt az elnytelen
ajnlatot is.
10. Mit kellett elszavalnod az nnepsgen?
11. Holnap nem kell segtened a bevsrlsban, majd n magam elintzem.
12. A kiads ebd utn meg kellett laztania az vt.
13. Mivel a fldszinten lakunk, havonta kell pucolnunk az ablakokat.
14. Mirt nem kellett busszal mennetek? - Mert a bartom felajnlotta, hogy elvisz
minket kocsival.
15. Mirt kell heti jelentseket sszelltanunk?
16. Elg pnznk volt ahhoz, hogy ne kelljen bankklcsnrt folyamodnunk.
17. Csaldottak voltunk amiatt, hogy el kellett halasztanunk olaszorszgi utunkat.
18. Kell, hogy legyen megolds erre a knyes problmra.
19. Mg ha tegnap nem is kellett semmi klnset csinlnod, ma mr tnyleg neki kell
fognod a munknak.
20. Nem rlnk, ha naponta ingznom kellene a munkahelyemre.

Megoldsok
1. We have to remember every single word of the teacher in order to be able to fill in
the test-paper.
2. Why doesn't he have to do the washing up if I always have to iron the clothes?
3. Nobody had to pay an entrance fee.
4. We wouldn't have to crawl on the floor now if you hadn't lost your contact lenses.

66
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES

5. When we had a puncture we had to ask a fellow driver for help.

6. When will he have to decide which career to choose?
7. How often do you have to look after your niece?
8. If you pass the exam, you will never have to spend evenings learning English
words.
9. We were in such a situation that we had to accept even this unfavourable offer.
10. What did you have to recite at the celebration?
11. You won't have to help me with the shopping tomorrow, I will do it myself.
12. After the substantial lunch he had to loosen his belt.
13. Living on the ground floor, we have to clean the windows every month.
14. Why didn't you have to go by bus? - Because my friend offered to give us a lift.
15. Why do we have to compile weekly reports?
16. We had enough money not to have to apply for a bank loan.
17. We were disappointed at having to postpone our trip to Italy.
18. There has to be a solution to this delicate problem.
19. Even if you didn't have to do anything particular yesterday, you have to get down to
work today.
20. I wouldn't be happy if I had to commute to work every day.

A "need" jelentsrnyalatai
a. Figeknt azt fejezi ki, hogy valakinek valamire szksge van, ill. valamit meg kell
tennie:

1. Mg mindig szksged van a szleid segtsgre?

2. Mr nincs szksge arra, hogy a fnke naponta eligaztsa.
3. A kutyt minden nap meg kell etetni.
4. Mirt kellett neked befejezni a tanulmnyt?

1. Do you still need the help of your parents?

2. He doesn't need the daily instructions of his boss any more.
3. The dog needs to be fed every day.
4. Why did you need to complete the essay?

b. Segdigeknt a szksgessg hinyt fejezzk ki vele krd s tagad mondatokban,

valamint olyan llt mondatokban, melyekben a hardly, scarcely, barely, nobody, if,
whether szavak szerepelnek:

1. Aligha kell neked elmondanom, milyen ltfontossg a tiszta ivvz.

2. Nem szksges egy nap alatt megpucolnod az sszes ablakot.
3. Halvny fogalma sincs rla, hogy be kell-e adnia jelentkezsi lapot.

1. I need hardly tell you how vital clean drinking water is.
2. You needn't clean all the windows in one day.
3. She hasn't the slightest idea if she need submit an application form.

67
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

c. A "need not" + befejezett fnvi igenv olyan cselekvst fejez ki, melynek elvgzse
felesleges volt.

1. Nem kellett volna ilyen korn kimenned az llomsra.

2. Nem kellett volna minden diknak kln feladatot adnod.

1. You needn't have gone to the station s early.

2. You needn't have given a separate task to each pupil.

d. A "need" fnvi hasznlata

1. Szksgt rezzk, hogy valaki hetente ellenrizze az orvosi igazolsokat.

2. Nagy szksg van hozzrt belgygyszokra ebben a krhzban.
3. Nem szksges gyakrabban menned a fogorvoshoz.
4. Ha szksges, minden nap vllalok tlrkat.
1. We feel a need for somebody to check the medical certificates.
2. There is a great need for competent specialists in internal diseases in this hospital.
3. There is no need for you to go to the dentist more often.
4. If need be, I will undertake extra lessons every day.

Pldamondatok
1. rlk, hogy nem szksges minden rszletrl beszmolnom.
2. Szksged van mg nhny j tancsra? - Igen.
3. Nem tudom, hogy mind a kt oldalon ki kell-e tltenem ezt a nyomtatvnyt.
4. Nem szksges ngy rra befejezned a gpelst.
5. Ezt a berendezst tz percenknt kell ellenrizni.
6. Nem kellett elgyalogolnunk az erdig.
7. Nem kellett volna sietned; mg csak hat ra van.
8. El kell hoznom a gyereket az vodbl? - Nem.
9. Nem kellett volna megetetnnk a kutyt. Nzd, a szomszd ppen egy nagy adag
csontot ad neki.
10. Szksge van a szllodnak megbzhat portsokra?
11. Nem szksges olyan gyakran lemosatnod az autdat.
12. Ha szksg van r, alkalmazhatunk mg nhny segdmunkst.
13. Nem tudom, szksg van-e a madarakrl szl jabb knyvre.
14. rlk, hogy nem kellett klnrkra jrnom semmilyen tantrgybl.
15. Nem kellett volna jflig tanulnod, mert nem fogjuk megrni a dolgozatot ma.

Megoldsok
1. I'm glad I don't need to report on every detail.
2. Do you need some more useful advice? - Yes, I do.
3. I don't know whether I need to fill in both sides of this form.
4. You needn't finish typing by four o'clock.
5. This equipment needs to be checked every ten minutes.
6. We didn't need to walk as far as the forest.
7. You needn't have hurried; it's only six o'clock.
8. Must I pick the child up from the nursery? - No, you needn't.

68
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES

9. We needn't have fed the dog. Look, our neighbour is giving him a large portion of
bones.
10. Does the hotel need reliable receptionists?
11. There is no need for you to have your car washed so often.
12. If need be, we can employ some more factory hands.
13.1 don't know whether there is a need for a new book on birds.
14. I'm glad I didn't need to attend extra lessons in any subject.
15. You needn't have studied until midnight as we are not going to take the
examination today.

Az "ought to" jelentsrnyalatai

a. ktelessg, feladat

1. Mg ha nem is kedveled, meg kellene ltogatnod a krhzban.

2. Elnzst kellene krned ilyen durva viselkeds utn.

1. You ought to visit him in hospital, even if you dislike him.

2. You ought to apologize after behaving so rudely.

b. tancs, javaslat

1. Nem kellene autknak jrni a belvrosban.

2. Nem kellene elbocstanunk az sszes hivatalnokot.
1. There ought to be no cars in the centre of the town.
2. We oughtn't to dismiss all the clerks.

c. valsznsg

1. Ilyen sok pezsg bizonyra elegend lesz szilveszterre.

y
2. Ha kocsival jtt, mr itt kellene lennie.

1. So much champagne ought to be enough for New Year's Eve.

2. If he came by car, he ought to be here by now.

d. "ought to" + befejezett fnvi igenv:

nem teljestett mltbeli ktelessg, feladat:

1. Be kellett volna tartanod a szablyokat.
1. You ought to have kept the rules.

szemrehnys:
1. El kellett volna mondanod az egsz trtnetet.
1. You ought to have told the whole story.

Pldamondatok
1. Tbb diknak kellene itt lenni ezen az eladson.
2. Meg kellett volna krdezned, felgygyult-e az influenzjbl.

69
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

3. Biztos vagy benne, hogy fel kell ajnlanom neki a segtsgemet?

4. Nem kellett volna elhanyagolnunk a ktelessgnket.
5. Az unokatestvreimmel is tartanom kell a kapcsolatot?
6. Az ilyen hangnemet nem lenne szabad megengedni.
7. Most ppen a ktelez regnyt kellene olvasnod.
8. Ez a hs tl rgs. Tovbb kellett volna stni.
9. Mindenkinek el kell mondanom, hogy tz napos lesz a tavaszi sznetnk?
10. Azt gondoltam, hogy be kell vallanom, amit tettem.

Megoldsok
1. There ought to be more students at this lecture.
2. You ought to have asked him if he has recovered from flu.
3. Are you sure that I ought to offer him my help?
4. We oughtn't to have neglected our duty.
5. Ought I to keep in touch with my cousins as well?
6. Such a tone of voice oughtn't to be allowed.
7. You ought to be reading the set novel.
8. This meat is too tough. It ought to have been fried longer.
9. Ought I to inform everybody that we shall have a ten days' spring holiday?
10. I thought I ought to admit what I had done.

A "dare" hasznlata

A "dare" szerepelhet segdigeknt, ill. figeknt.

a. merni, merszelni:

1. Nem merek kimenni a hzbl az jszaka kzepn.

2. Mirt nem merted ellenezni a javaslatt?
3. Volt btorsga megkrni ennek a ggs lnynak a kezt?

1. I daren't leave the house in the middle of the night.

2. Why didn't you dare to object to his proposal?
3. Did he dare to propose marriage to this haughty girl?
v.

b. felhborods, mltatlankods (ilyen mondattpusokban a segdigt hasznljuk)

1. Hogy merszeled figyelmen kvl hagyni az utastsaimat?

2. Hogy merszel kszns nlkl bejnni?

1. How dare you ignore my instructions?

2. How dare he come in without saying hello?

c. fenyegets

1. Ne merszeld apdat kignyolni!

2. Eltphetem ezeket a paprlapokat? - Csak azt merszeld!
1. Don't you dare make fun of your father!
2. Can I tear up these sheets of paper? - Just you dare!

70
 A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES

d. a "dare somebody to do something" kifejezs jelentse: olyasmire biztatni valakit, ami

meghaladja a btorsgt vagy a kpessgeit

1. Arra biztatott, hogy msszam meg az egyik meredek lejtt.

2. Hadd lssam, mersz-e nevetni a vezrigazgat jelenltben!

1. He dared me to climb one of the steep slopes.

2. I dare you to laugh in the presence of the general manager.

e. az "/ dare say" jelentse: gondolom, valsznleg, lehetsgesnek tartom (nem pedig
"merem lltani"!!!)

1. Valsznnek tartom, hogy hajszlpontosan itt lesz.

2. Valsznleg nagyon elhagyottnak fogod magad rezni.

1. I dare say he will be here dead on time.

2. I dare say you will feel lonely.

f. a "dare" lehet fnv, jelentse: kihvs, prbattel, megmrettets

1. Csak vakmersgbl ugrott bele az rad folyba.

2. Mirt ltl fel a legvadabb lra? - Mert kihvs volt szmomra.
| 1. He jumped into the swollen river just for a dare.

2. Why did you sit on the wildest horse? - Just for a dare.

g. mellknvi alakja: "daring" = vakmer

1. Vakmer ksrletet tett arra, hogy megdntse a motorverseny rekordjt.

1. He made a daring attempt at breaking the motor-racing record.

Pldamondatok
I 1. Mertl valaha feleselni apddal?
2. Valsznleg lesz az idn a gerelyhajts vilgbajnoka.
3. A ktves kisfi csak a prbattel miatt mszott t a vaskertsen.
4. Arra biztattuk, hogy ugorjon le az reg krtefa grl.
5. Senki sem meri megtmadni a felfegyverzett testrket.
6. Alig mertek elbjni a rejtekhelykrl, amikor az tonllk mr elmentek.
7. Ne merszeld az engedlyem nlkl megenni az sszes befttet!
8. Hadd lssam, fel tudsz-e" gyalogolni a hatodik emeletre!
9. Hogy merszeli kibontani az igazgat bizalmas leveleit?
10. Merted vllalni a mttet, mg ha tudatban voltl is a kockzatnak?

Megoldsok
1. Have you ever dared to answer back to your father?
2. I dare say he is going to be the javelin throwing champion.
3. The two-year-old boy climbed over the iron fence just for a dare.
4. We dared him to jump off the branch of the old pear tree.
5. Nobody dares to attack the armed body-guards.

71
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

6. They hardly dared to come forward from their hiding-place when the highwaymen
had left.
7. Don't you dare to eat all the tinned fruit without my permission!
8. I dare you to walk upstairs to the sixth floor.
9. How dare you open the director's confidential letters?
10. Did you dare to undergo the operation even if you were aware of the risk?

Vegyes pldamondatok
1. Megrjam helyetted a jelentst? - Megtennd? Ez nagyon kedves tled.
2. Azt hiszem, erre e kihvsra vlaszolnunk kellene, igaz?
3. Tudom, hogy lassabban kellene vezetnem, de kptelen vagyok r.
4. letbevgan fontos, hogy azonnal beszljek vele.
5. Azt hiszem, abba kellene hagynod az lland srivst.
6. Itthon vacsorzzunk, vagy menjnk el valahova?
7. Elrendezzem a dolgaidat az rasztalodon? - Inkbb ne.
8. Le kellene mondanod az utazst, ha nem vagy valami jl.
9. Frjhezmenetel eltt elszr a szleidnek kellene beszmolnod errl.
10. Ha netn nem nylik ki az els ejterny, nyomd meg ezt a gombot, s gy
automatikusan nylik a msodik.
11. Megeszem mg egy szelet tortt, br nem lenne szabad, mert ditzom.
12. Ltnod kellene, milyen szp az j kocsink.
13. Azt hiszem, elbb engedlyt kell krned.
14. Majd n klcsnadom neked azt a sztrt.
15. Ideadn, krem, a st? - Tessk, parancsoljon.
16. Ez lesz az a hz, amit keresnk. - Remlem, igen.
17. Szeretnk felltzni, de nem nylik a ruhsszekrny ajtaja.
18. Parancsol egy kis fokhagymt? - Ksznm, nem.
19. Lenne kedve megnzni a lepkegyjtemnyemet? - Termszetesen, igen.
20. Egy gpkocsit szeretnk brelni a kvetkez hrom napra.
21. Valamikor tudtam bukfencezni, de most nem tudok.
22. Ha rna, esetleg vlaszolnom kellene.
23. Mit csinlsz ma dlutn? - Lehet, hogy moziba megyek.
24. Vajon mirt nem nyitott Joe ajtt? - Lehet, hogy a kdban volt.
25. Lehet, hogy esni fog?
26. Megvehetted volna az n brletemet is, ha mr gyis sorba kellett llnod.
27. n nem tudok nekelni. - Mirt nem kred meg Tomot? Lehet, hogy tud.
28. Akr el is mehetnk a koncertre. Kr lenne elpocskolni a kt szabadjegyet.
29. Mirt nem dvzlt, amikor elmentnk mellette az utcn? - Lehet, hogy
lmodozott.
30. Nagyon gyorsan tud futni mg most is, de iskols korban mindenkinl gyorsabb
volt.
31. Nem lehetett klfldn mlt szombaton: tallkoztam vele a partin.
32. rzed ezt az illatot? - Nem, lehet, hogy megfztam.
33. Hol van Jamie? - Lehet, hogy a szobjban. - Nem, ott nem lehet, mert nem hallom
a magnjt.
34. Segthetnl a fzsnl, ha vasalni nem tudsz.
35. Mirt nem tudtl helyjegyet vltani az expresszre?
36. Megvltoztatta a nevt, hogy senki se tudja, ki volt azeltt.

72
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES

37. Jobban szeretnm, ha te krnd meg r. Amikor a mltkor prbltam beszlni vele,
nem volt hajland meghallgatni.
38. Brcsak megengedn, hogy egyedl menjek szabadsgra!
39. Azt javasoltam, hogy egyenek szendvicset ebdre, s vacsorzzanak egy
tteremben.
40. Meg vagyunk dbbenve, hogy egy vi hzassg utn elvltok.
41. Bizonyra mr sikerlt a vizsgja.
42. Vehetek mg egy kis sajtot? - Termszetesen.
43. Hova menjnk a tli sznid alatt?
44. Nos, idn elmehetnnk a hegyekbe.
45. Nem lehetett nagyon nehz a vizsga, ha mg Ronnie is le tudta tenni.
46. Lehet, hogy van egy kis pezsg a htben. Megigyuk?
47. Tovbb mr nem tudok vrni. - n sem.
48. Tudsz Japnul? - Sajnos nem.
49. Ht ra van. Bizonyra otthon van.
50. Segtsek? - Ha lennl szves, nagyon hls lennk.
51. Ki nem llhattam: rkig beszlt sajt magrl s soha meg nem krdezte volna,
hogy veled mi van.
52. Egsz este suttogtunk, nehogy a kisbaba felbredjen.
53. Srgettk, hogy a legjobb tanulk tandjt cskkentsk.
54. Illett volna segtened ennek az ids hlgynek.
55. Ezt a dntst nem szabad tovbb halogatni.
56. Nem krsz mg egy pohr bort?
57. Csknys volt s nem volt hajland hallgatni az rveinkre.
58. Sajnos mg nem tudtunk rjnni, mirt nem mkdtt a gp.
59. Ezt a mdszert mr rgen fejleszteni kellett volna.
60. Ezt a hibt neked is meg kellett volna tudnod javtani.
61. Nem lett volna szksges, hogy ilyen drga fnykpezgpet vegyen.
62. Ki van zrva, hogy pp most az n Mondemat vezeti, hisz megmondtam neki,
hogy nem veheti klcsn!
63. Az lehetetlen, hogy felsge meghalt. Bizonyra csak eljult. Hozna egy kis
replst?
64. Ki mondhatta neki, hogy a kutyja csak akkor fog enni, ha ugatni fog neki?
65. Ami a grfnt illeti, a trtnszek szerint aligha lehetett Danton bartnje.
66. Lehet, hogy pp a fvet nyrta, ezrt nem hallotta a kopogst.
67. Egy irodalomtrtnsz szerint lehet, hogy Stendhal Vrs s feketje megtrtnt
esemnyen alapul.
68. Lehet, hogy katalgusbl rendelte a tulipnhagymkat, azrt nem keltek ki mg
jniusban sem.
69. Amerikai tudsok szerint a dinoszauruszok kipusztulst nem okozhatta
meteorbecsapds.
70. Nem megmondtam magnak, Kovcs bcsi, hogy a betegkrtyja mellett a
szemlyijt is be kell mutatnia, ha orvoshoz jn?
71. Mg ha esetleg sorra is kerlnl, az orvos addigra olyan fradt lesz, hogy nem lesz
energija vgighallgatni a panaszaidat.
72. A bank azt kveteli, hogy az t vre kapott hitelt 3 v alatt fizessem vissza.
73. Fontos, hogy a vilgkillts eltt minden budapesti rendr tanuljon angolul vagy
nmetl.

73
AUXILIARIES A mdbeli segdigk

Megoldsok
1. Shall I write the report for you? - Would you do that? It is very kind of you.
2. I think we should take up this challenge, shouldn't we?
3. I know that I should drive more slowly but I just can't do it.
4. It's vital that I should speak to him at once.
5. I think you should give up drinking beer all the time.
6. Shall we have dinner at home or shall we go out somewhere?
7. Shall I arrange your things on your desk? - I'd rather you didn't.
8. You should cancel your trip if you feel under the weather.
9. Before getting married, you ought to inform your parents about it first.
10. Should the parachute not open, press this button and the second one will
automatically open.
. 1 1 . I'm going to have another slice of cake, though I shouldn't, because I'm on a diet.
12. You ought to see how nice our new car is.
13.1 think you ought to ask for permission first.
14. I shall lend you that dictionary.
15. Would you pass me the salt, please? - Here you are.
16. This will be the house we are looking for. - I hope so.
17. I would like to get dressed but the door of the wardrobe won't open.
18. Would you like some garlic? - No thanks.
19. Would you like to have a look at my butterfly collection? - Of course I would.
20. I would like to hire a car for the next three days.
21.1 used to be able to turn a somersault but now I can't.
22. If he wrote, I might have to answer.
23. What are you going to do this afternoon? -1 may go to the cinema.
24. I wonder why Joe didn't answer the doorbell. - He may have been in the bath. / He
may have been having a bath.
25. Is it likely to rain?
26. You could have bought my season ticket as well if you had to stand in the queue
anyway.
27. I can't sing. - Why don't you ask Tom? He may be able to.
28. We may/might as well go to the concert. We shouldn't waste the two free tickets.
29. Why didn't he say hello when we passed him in the street? - He may have been
day-dreamimg.
30. He can run very fast even now but he could run faster than anybody else when he
was a schoolboy.
31. He can't have been abroad last Saturday. I met him at the party.
32. Can you smell this scent? - No, I may have caught a cold.
33. Where is Jamie? - He may be in his room. - No, he can't be there because I can't
hear his tape-recorder.
34. You could help with the cooking if you can't do the ironing.
35. Why couldn't you buy a seat reservation for the express train?
36. He changed his name so that nobody would know who he had been before.
37.1 would/I'd rather you asked him to do it. When I tried to speak to him the other day
he wouldn't listen to me.
38.1 wish he would let me go on holiday alone.
39. I suggested that they should have sandwiches for lunch and have dinner in a
restaurant.
40. We are astonished that you should get divorced after a year's marriage.
41. He will/must have passed his exam.

74
A mdbeli segdigk AUXILIARIES
42. I wonder ifi could/might have some more cheese? - Of course you can/may.
43. Where shall we go during the winter holidays?
44. Well, this year we could go to the mountains.
45. The exam can't have been very difficult if even Ronnie could pass it.
46. There may be some champagne in the fridge. Shall we drink it?
47. I can't wait any longer. - Neither can I.
48. Can you speak Japanese? - I'm afraid I can't.
49. It's seven o'clock. He must be at home.
50. Shall I help? - If you would be so kind, I would be very grateful.
51.1 couldn't stand him. He would talk about himself for hours and would never ask
how things were getting on with you.
52. We were whispering all evening lest the baby should wake up.
53. They urged that the tuition fee of the best students should be decreased.
54. You should have/ought to have helped that old lady.
55. This decision must not be postponed any longer.
56. Won't you have another glass of wine?
57. He was stubborn and wouldn't listen to our arguments.
58. Unfortunately we have not yet been able to find out why the machine failed.
59. This method should have been developed long ago.
60. You ought to have been able to repair this damage yourself.
61. He needn't have bought such an expensive camera.
62. He can't be driving my Mondeo since I told him he couldn't borrow it.
63. His Majesty can't have died. He must have only fainted. Would you bring some
smelling salts?
64. Who could have told him that his dog would eat only if he barked for him?
65. As for the countess, according to historians she could hardly have been Danton's
mistress.
66. She may have been mowing the grass, perhaps that's why she couldn't hear the
knock.
67. According to a literary historian, Stendhal's "Red and Black" may have been based
on a true story.
68. She may have ordered the tulip bulbs from a catalogue, that's why they didn't come
up even in June.
69. According to American scientists, the extinction of dinosaurs can't have been
caused by the collision of a meteor.
70. Haven't I told you, Mr. Kovcs, that you should present your ID as well as the
insurance card when you see the doctor?
71. If you should get to the front of the queue, the doctor will be so tired by then that
he won't have any energy to hear your complaints.
72. The bank demands that I should pay back the credit allocated for 5 years in three
years' time.
73. It's important that all the policemen in Budapest should learn English or German
before the Expo.

75
QUESTION TAGS

QUESTION TAGS

Az "ugye" krdsek kifejezse az angolban:

a. Igenl vlaszt vrva: kijelent mondat + tagad utkrds:

Szereted ezt a zent, ugye? - Igen.

You like this music, don't you? - Yes, I do.

b. Nemleges vlaszt vrva: tagad mondat + llt utkrds:

Nem fogod meghvni, ugye? - Nem.

You won't invite him, will you? - No, I won't.
c. llt mondat + llt utkrds a beszl rzelmi llapott (rdeklds, aggodalom,
dh, meglepets) fejezi ki:

Azt hiszed, ez a lehet legjobb mdszer, ugye?

You think this the best possible method, do you?

d. tagad mondat + tagad utkrds dht, agresszivitst fejez ki:

Szval nem ksrsz el a sznhzba.

You won't accompany me to the theatre, won't you?

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Ugye most a bartodnak rsz levelet?
2. Gyakran ltogatod meg t, ugye?
3. Mindannyian szeretnek teniszezni, ugye?
4. Mindenki msnl jobban tud szni, ugye?
5. Ugye hazamehetnk ebd utn?
6. Ellenrizzk jbl ezeket a szmadatokat, j?
7. Ugye kemnyen kell dolgoznia?
8. Szksged van valakire, akivel beszlgess, ugye?
9. Ugye nem szksges kivasalnom az sszes ingedet?
10. Rszt akarnak venni a meccsen, ugye?
11. Semmit nem mer krdezni, ugye?
12. Nem kell minden nap fznie, ugye?
13. Ugye mindig megbzhat vagy?
14. Dleltt tzkor dolgoznia kellene, nem?
15. Ugye rgtn a mozi utn haza kellett menned?
16. Legalbb egy idegen nyelvet meg kellene tanulnia, nem?
17. Ugye mg egyszer el fogja magyarzni ezt a tanr?

76
 QUESTION TAGS

18. Ugye valaha nagyon j bartok voltatok?

19. Lehet, hogy beteg volt, ugye?
20. Lehet, hogy nem jnnek el ma este, ugye?
21. Van eslye r, hogy megnyerje a versenyt, ugye?
22. Nem mert hazudni, ugye?
23. Vonattal akartak utazni, ugye?
24. Sokat segtett neked, ugye?
25. J filmet ltott tegnap, ugye?
26. Ugye folykonyan tudott angolul beszlni?
27. Gyakran javttatja az autjt, ugye?
28. Ugye mr kt ve zongorzol?
29. Ugye nem szeretnl a helyben lenni?
30. Megkrtk, hogy hagyja el a termet, igaz?
31. Tegnap egsz nap tvt nztek, ugye?
32. Ugye szeretsz?

Megoldsok
1. You are writing a letter to your friend, aren't you?
2. You often visit her, don't you?
3. All of them like playing tennis, don't they?
4. He can swim better than anybody else, can't he?
5. We can go home after lunch, can't we?
6. Let's check these figures again, shall we?
7. He must work hard, mustn't he?
8. You need someone to talk to, don't you?
9. I needn't iron all your shirts, need I?
10. They want to take part in the match, don't they?
11. He daren't ask anything, dare he?
12. She doesn't need to cook every day, does she?
13. You are always reliable, aren't you?
14. At ten o'clock in the morning he ought to be working, oughtn't he?
15. You had to go home right after the cinema, didn't you?
16. He should learn at least one foreign language, shouldn't he?
17. The teacher will explain this again, won't he?
18. You used to be very good friends, didn't you?
19. He may have been ill, mayn't he?
20. They may not be coming tonight, may they?
21. He has got a chance of winning the competition, hasn't he?
22. He dared not tell a lie, dared he?
23. They wanted to travel by train, didn't they?
24. He helped you a lot, didn't he?
25. He saw a good film yesterday, didn't he?
26. She could speak English fluently, couldn't she?
27. He often gets his car repaired, doesn't he?
28. You have been playing the piano for two years, haven't you?
29. You wouldn't like to be in his place, would you?
30. He has been asked to leave the room, hasn't he?
31. They were watching TV all day yesterday, weren't they?
32. You love me, don't you?

77
QUESTION TAGS

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Senki sem szereti, ha kinevetik, igaz?
2. Ki kellene hvni a mentket, nem?
3. Mostanra mr biztosan elolvasta az sszes kpesjsgot, igaz?
4. gy tnik, szletett vesztes, nem?
5. Jobb lenne t is meghvni, nem?
6. Vdolts nlkl elkapta volna a brnyhimlt, ugye?
7. Folyton ostoba rggumizent hallgat, ugye?
8. Na, most jobban hallasz, nem?
9. Kiskora ta tud lovagolni, ugye?
10. Mire Pestre rnk, kiderl az g, ugye?
11. Holnap ilyenkor te mr a spanyol tengerparton fogsz nyaralni, mi?
12. Lennie kell mg nhny almnak, nem?
e
13. g y segtesz nekem cipelni ezt a batyut?
14. Azt hiszed, a diplomd miatt entellektel vagy, igaz?
15. Szval elvesz egy fherceg felesgl!
16. Szval te nem Fradi-szurkol vagy, mi?
17. Szval Charles s Diana el fognak vlni.
18. Tged senki sem vehet el tlem^ igaz?
19. Mindenki tiszta rlt itt, nem?
20. Nem lesz semmilyen alkohol a partin, igaz?
21. Na, most mr hallgass, j?
22. Na, nekem most le kell lpnem, igaz?
23. Csak nem kstk le a film elejt?
24. Hrom lnyuk van, ugye?
25. Hihetetlenl szorgalmas, ugye?
26. Tbbek kztt rlam is beszlt, mieltt bejttem, igaz?
27. Tnj el, ok?
28. Tbbek kztt judzik is a fiad, ugye?
29. Nem talltad meg azok kztt az emberek kztt, ugye?
30. Magyarorszg valahol Bulgria, Pakisztn s Irn kztt terl el, nem?
31. Idtlen idk ta postsknt dolgozik, ugye?
32. Tavaly pont olyan volt, mint a btyja, igaz?
33. Kne venned valami rendes kocsit e helyett a bds Trabant helyett, nem?
34. Meg ne prblj tverni, j?
35. Nem fogja tudni befejezni a fiskolt, ugye?
36. Jv ilyenkor mr kollgiumban fogsz lakni, ugye?
37. Mindig is protekcija volt, mi?
38. Hamupipke egsz idig a mostohaanyja szobjt takartotta, igaz?
39. Addig nem kaphatja meg a bizonytvnyt, amg t nem ment a vizsgn, igaz?
40. A gpeltrt azt mondta, hogy nincs vesztenivalja, ugye?
41. Amikor nagykor lett, megengedtk neki, hogy skt whiskyt igyon, ugye?
42. Az sszest elloptk mr, mikor kihvtk a rendrsget, ugye?
43. Elg trelmetlen vagyok nha, nem?
44. Szval megprbltad rvenni, hogy vegye meg tled a lopott rut, mi?
45. Magn kvl lenne a mregtl, ha tudn, mit csinlsz itt minden hten, igaz?
46. Lehet, hogy ppen nmet szavakat magol, nem?
47. Valaha itt dolgozott mint KISZ-titkr, ugye?
48. Ha tallkoztatok volna, kkre-zldre vert volna, ugye?

78
 QUESTION TAGS
49. Micsoda enyhe telnk lesz, ugye?
50. Ugye visszajssz kt percen bell?
51. Ugye gyakran kap csomagokat a gazdag nagynnjtl?
52. Az ellenzk tagjai ugye nem vettek rszt a gylsen?
53. Ugye most haragszol rm e miatt a kellemetlensg miatt?
54. Tbbet kellene dolgoznia apja mhelyben, nem?
55. Kivl a kiejtse, ugye?
56. Nem szksges minden reggel begyaznod, ugye?
57. Menjnk be a legkzelebbi kocsmba egy pohr srre, j?
58. Ugye az sszes csokit meg akartad enni?
59. Szksgk van llami tmogatsra, hogy felptsk a csaldi hzukat, ugye?
60. Meg kellett ismtelned a ksrletet, ugye?
61. Ugye angolul fogja tartani az eladst?

Megoldsok
1. Nobody likes being laughed at, do they?
2. The ambulance should be called for, shouldn't it?
3. He must have read all the magazines by now, mustn't he?
4. He seems to be a born loser, doesn't he?
5. We should invite him as well, shouldn't we?
6. Without vaccination he would have caught chicken-pox , wouldn't he?
7. He is always listening to wallpaper music, isn't he?
8. Now you can hear me better, can't you?
9. He has been able to ride a horse since he was a small child, hasn't he?
10. The sky will have cleared up by the time we reach Pest, won't it?
11. This time tomorrow you will be spending your summer holiday at the seaside in
Spain, won't you?
12. There must be some more apples left, mustn't there?
13. Help me carry this bundle, will you?
14. You think you are an intellectual because of your degree, do you?
15. So an archduke is going to marry you, is he?
16. So you aren't a Fradi fan, aren't you?
17. Diana and Charles are going to get divorced, are they?
18. Nobody can take you from me, can they?
19. Everybody is absolutely mad here, aren't they?
20. There won't be any alcohol at the party, won't there?
21. Shut up, will you?
22. Well, now I must be off, mustn't I?
23. We haven't missed the beginning of the film, have we?
24. They have got three daughters, haven't they?
25. He is unbelievably hard-working, isn't he?
26. Among other things he had been speaking about me as well before I came in, hadn't
he?
27. Get lost, will you?
28. Among other things, your son does judo as well, doesn't he?
29. You couldn't find him among those people, could you?
30. Hungary lies somewhere between Bulgaria, Pakistan and Iran, doesn't it?
31. He has been working as a postman for ages, hasn't he?
32. Last year he looked just like his elder brother, didn't he?
33. You should buy some decent car instead of this stinking Trabant, shouldn't you?

79
QUESTION TAGS

34. Don't you try to cheat me, will you?

35. He won't be able to finish college, will he?
36. This time next year you will be living in a hostel, won't you?
37. He has always had connections, hasn't he?
38. Cinderella has been cleaning her stepmother's room up to now, hasn't she?
39. He can't get the certificate until he has passed the exam, can he?
40. The hijacker said he had nothing to lose, didn't he?
41. When he came of age he was allowed to drink Scotch whisky, wasn't he?
42. All of them had been stolen when the police were called out, hadn't they?
43. I'm rather impatient sometimes, aren't I?
44. So you have tried to get him to buy the stolen goods from you, have you?
45. He would be beside himself with rage if he knew what you are doing here every
week, wouldn't he?
46. He may be swotting up German words, may he not?
47. He used to work here as a secretary in KISZ, didn't he?
48. If you had met him, he would have beaten you black and blue, wouldn't he?
49. What a mild winter we are going to have, aren't we?
50. You will come back in two minutes, won't you?
51. He often gets parcels from his rich aunt, doesn't he?
52. The members of the opposition didn't take part in the meeting, did they?
53. You are angry with me because of this problem, aren't you?
54. He ought to work more in his father's workshop, oughtn't he?
55. He has got excellent pronunciation, hasn't he?
56. You needn't make the bed every morning, need you?
57. Let's go to the nearest pub for a glass of beer, shall we?
58. You wanted to eat all the chocolate, didn't you?
59. They need a state subsidy to build their detached house, don't they?
60. You had to repeat the experiment, didn't you?
61. He will deliver the lecture in English, won't he?

80
 INFINITIVE

INFINITIVE
(Fnvi igenv)

Alakja: to + az ige sztri alakja

Hasznlata:

a. bizonyos igk utn: wish to, seem to, be to, decide to stb.

b. nvszs szerkezetekben: to be sure to ...

to be likely to ...
to be able/unable to ...
to be forced to ...
to be bound to ...
to be certain to .,.
to be glad/pleased to ...

c. mondatrvidtsre:

I. Alanyi:
It is good to learn English.
To learn English is good.

Ugyanez kifejezhet Gerunddal is: Learning English is good.

II. Trgyi:

a. A f- s a mellkmondat alanya azonos:

I promised to visit my friend.

b. Felszlts fgg beszdd alaktsakor a fmondatban lev rszeshatroz s a

mellkmondat alanya azonos:

Mondtam neki, hogy () menjen haza.

/ told him to go home.

c. Ha a kt fent emltett mondatrsz nem azonos szemlyre utal, mellkmondatot kell

hasznlnunk:

/ told him that they should go home.

d. Trgy + fnvi igenv kapcsoldsa:

/ want / wish / expect / would like ... him to go home.

81
INFINITIVE

Az Infinitive lehetsges alakvltozatai:

Active Passive

Present Tense to write to be written

Present Continuous to be writing
Perfect to have written to have been written
Perfect Continuous to have been writing

PL: Kedves tled, hogy lapokat rsz a bartaidnak.

It is nice of you to write cards to your friends.

Ne zavarj; hrom levelet kell megrnom.

Don't disturb me. I have three letters to write.

gy ltszik, ppen a jelentst rja.

He seems to be writing his report.

Azt mondjk, ez a drmar tbb szz darabot szerzett.

This playwright is said to have written hundreds of plays.
vagy:
Hundreds of plays are said to have been written by this playwright.

Vrsek a szemei: gy tnik, egsz jszaka leveleket rt.

His eyes are red. He seems to have been writing letters all night.

A "to" nlkli //////////vzhasznlata az albbi kifejezsek mellett:

had better Jobban tennd, ha itt leszllnl.

You had better get off here.

had best Az lenne a legjobb, ha nlunk maradnl.

You had best stay with us.

would rather Inkbb olvasnk most, mint tvt nznk.

(had rather) / would rather read now than watch TV.

would sooner Inkbb aludnk, mint hajnalig dolgoznk.

I'd sooner sleep than work until the small hours.

would just as ppolyan szvesen elmennk, mint itt maradnk.

soon as / would just as soon leave as stay here.

cannot but Csak nevetni tudok a buta megjegyzsein.

/ cannot but laugh at his silly remarks.

cannot help Srnom kell ezen a meghat trtneten.

but / cannot help but cry at this moving story.

82
 INFINITIVE
do nothing Egsz nap mst sem teszel, csak brndozol.
but You do nothing but day-dream all day long.

Why not...? Mirt is ne parkolnnk itt?

Why not park the car here?
Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Jobban tennnk, ha vonattal mennnk.
2. Jobban tennd, ha szakorvoshoz fordulnl. .
3. Nem lenne jobb, ha ersebb szerszmot hasznlnl?
4. Csak csodlni tudom a btorsgt.
5. Ma reggel inkbb tejet innk, mint kvt.
6. Az lenne a legjobb, ha nem mennl oda egyedl.
7. Mst sem teszel, mint hazudozol.
8. Jobban tenn, ha szigoran ditzna.
9. Mi lenne, ha utolrnnk a tbbieket?
10. Jobban szeretnm nem belertani magam ebbe az gybe.
11. Jobban tennd, ha megmondand neki a teljes igazsgot.
12. Mirt is ne nevezznk be a versenyre?
13. Knytelen voltam elismerni, hogy igaza volt.
14. Inkbb vennk most szandlt, mint cipt.
15. Csak tisztelni tudom szakrtelmt.
16. Knytelen voltam elutastani a jelentkezst.
17. Mirt is olvasnnk el ennyi knyvet?
18. Inkbb laknk tvol a belvrostl, mint a ftvonal mellett.
19. Mirt pazarolnnk olyan sok idt erre az egyszer krdsre?
20. Mi lenne, ha jv htre halasztannk a dntshozatalt?
Megoldsok
1. We had better go by train.
2. You had better consult a specialist. ;
3. Had you not/Hadn't you better use a stronger tool?
4. I cannot but admire his courage.
5. This morning I would rather drink milk than coffee.
6. You had best not go there alone.
. 7. You do nothing but tell lies.
8. He had better go on a strict diet.
9. Why not catch up with the others?
10. I'd rather not interfere in this affair.
11. You had better tell him the whole truth.
12. Why not enter for the competition?
13.1 couldn't but admit that he was right.
14. I'd rather buy a pair of sandals now than a pair of shoes.
15. I cannot but respect his expertise.
16. I could not but reject his application.
17. Why read so many books?
18.1 would rather live a long way from the centre than next to the main road.
19. Why waste so much time on this simple matter?
20. Why not put off making a decision until next week?

83
INFINITIVE

1. Infinitive mint clhatroz (a kt tagmondat alanya azonos)

Ktszavai: (in order) to, (so as) to

Pldamondatok
1. Azrt utazott Angliba, hogy tkletestse a nyelvtudst.
2. Felmsznak a hegyre, hogy lssk a vidk panormjt.
3. Megvette a legdivatosabb szemveget, hogy vonz legyen.
4. A vmtiszt belpett a flkbe, hogy ellenrizze az tleveleket.
5. Azrt ment gyalog a munkahelyre, hogy sproljon.
6. Hetente hazautazik, hogy lssa a felesgt s a gyerekeit.
7. Elcserlte a lakst, hogy egy kis kszpnzhez jusson.
8. Azrt jn, hogy beszljen veled a disszertcijrl.
9. Elmegyek az rversre, hogy megvegyek egy metszetet.
10. Tnyleg azrt adtl neki olyan sok knyvet, hogy megmutasd az irnta val
jindulatodat?
11. Siettnk, hogy ne kssk le a buszt.
12. Legynk vatosak, hogy ne kvessnk el hibt.
13. Jobban tennd, ha halkabban beszlnl, hogy ne breszd fel.
14. Hogy cgt felvirgoztassa, j termkeket kezdett gyrtani.
15. A boltvezet ezer pr cipt rendelt, hogy kielgtse a vevk ignyeit.
16. Azrt ltzik divatosan, hogy mg htkznap is vonz legyen.
17. Korn reggel indultunk, hogy jelen lehessnk a kirlyn rkezsnl.

Megoldsok
1. He travelled to England to perfect his knowledge of the language.
2. They are climbing the hill to get a view of the landscape.
3. He has bought the most fashionable glasses to look attractive.
4. The customs officer entered the compartment to check the passports.
5. He went to work on foot to save money.
6. He travels home every week to see his wife and kids.
7. He exchanged his flat to get some cash.
8. He is coming to talk to you about his thesis.
9. I'm going to the auction to buy an engraving.
10. Did you really give him so many books in order to show your benevolence to him?
11. We hurried so as not to miss the bus.
12. Let's be careful not to make a mistake.
13. You had better speak in a low voice so as not to wake him up.
14. In order to make his company prosper, he started to manufacture new products.
15. The shopkeeper ordered a thousand pairs of shoes in order to meet the demands of
the customers.
16. She wears fashionable dresses in order to look attractive even on weekdays.
17. We left home early in the morning to witness the arrival of the Queen.

84
 INFINITIVE

\. Trgy s Infinitive kapcsoldsa (fige + trgy + fnvi igenv)

ldamondatok
1. Arra krte a ltogatkat, hogy vegyenek mg a stemnybl.
2. Akarod, hogy kivasaljam helyetted az ltnydet?
3. Jobban szeretnk, ha nem ezen a htvgn ltogatnnk meg ket.
4. Nem szeretnm, ha llandan aggdnl miattam.
5. Azt akarom, hogy a fiam szorgalmasabb legyen.
6. Sohasem knyszertettelek az orvosi plyra.
7. Valban azt vrtad tle, hogy gazdag lesz?
8. Rvettem, hogy lpjen be a gyermekkrusba.
9. Arra krtem, hogy ismtelje meg a nevt.
10. Megparancsolta, hogy hajszlpontosan rkezznk.
11. Figyelmeztettem, hogy adja t a helyt egy ids hlgynek.
12. Nem engedem, hogy a nappaliban dohnyozz.
13. Mirt nem engedi a bartod, hogy klcsnvegyk a sztrt?
14. Mondtam neki, hogy vgezzen tbb testmozgst.
15. Azt hitte, hogy n vagyok a legjobb sznszn.

Megoldsok
1. She asked the visitors to have some more cake.
2. Do you want me to iron your suit for you?
3. They prefer us not to visit them this week-end.
4. I wouldn't like you to worry about me all the time.
5. I want my son to be more hard-working.
6. I never forced you to choose the career of a doctor/a medical career.
7. Did you really expect him to be rich?
8. I persuaded him tojin the junior choir.
9. I requested him to repeat his name.
10. He ordered us to arrive dead on time.
11. I warned him to give up his seat to an elderly lady.
12. I don't allow you to smoke in the living room.
13. Why doesn't your friend allow us to borrow his dictionary?
14. I told him to do more physical exercise.
15. He believed me to be the best actress.

3. Alanyi mellkmondat rvidtsre hasznlt Infinitive

A beszlt nyelv az it is/it was + mellknv + of/for sy. + fnvi igenv szerkezetben
hasznlja.

PL: It was difficult for me to start my own business.

Pldamondatok
1. Butasg lenne, ha nem krne engedlyt az admentessgre.
2. Szp lenne tled, ha a tanrodat meghvnd az nnepsgre.

85
INFINITIVE

3. Durva dolog volt tle, hogy gy beszlt veled.

4. Blcs dolog volt tled, hogy idben elkezdted az edzst.
5. Gonosz dolog a kollgi rszrl, hogy a tvolltben rgalmazzk.
6. vatlan voltl, amikor krlnzs nlkl mentl t az ton.
7. Buta dolog volt Joetl, hogy vgl nem krte meg a menyasszonya kezt.
8. Igazn bkez voltl, amikor hozzjrultl a jtkonysgi rendezvny bevtelhez.
9. Lnyeges, hogy minden adatot rgztsnk.
10. Tl korai mg felmrni, hogy sikerlt-e a vizsgnk.

Megoldsok
1. It would be silly of him not to ask for permission for tax exemption.
2. It would be nice of you to invite your teacher to the celebration.
3. It was rude of him to speak to you like that.
4. It was wise of you to start training in time.
5. It is wicked of his colleagues to slander him in his absence.
6. It was careless of you to cross the street without looking around.
7. It was silly of Joe not to propose marriage to his fiancee in the end.
8. It was really generous of you to contribute to the proceeds of the charity event.
9. It is essential for us to register all data.
10. It is too early to assess whether our exam was successful.

4. Eredmnyhatrozi mondat rvidtsre hasznlt Infinitive

PL: A hz olyan messze volt, hogy nem lttam tisztn.

The house was so far from me that I couldn't see it clearly.
= The house was too far from me to see it clearly.
A hz tl messze volt, hogy tisztn lssam.

Pldamondatok
1. Tl drga volt a kocsi ahhoz, hogy megvegyk.
2. Tl lusta vagy ahhoz, hogy sikerljn a vizsgd.
3. Tlsgosan ntelt vagy ahhoz, hogy belsd a hibidat.
4. Tl vzna volt ahhoz, hogy sportplyafutsrl brndozzon.
5. Tl fiatal vagy ahhoz, hogy pnzgyekben felels mdon dnthess.
6. Tl ksn jttl ahhoz, hogy elejtl lsd az eladst.
7. A problma tl bonyolult ahhoz, hogy a mai trgyalson megvitassuk.
8. Ez a cigaretta tl ers nekem.
9. Vrnom kell kicsit: tl forr a kv.
10. Ez a rgi btor tl nehz ahhoz, hogy egyedl felemeljem.
11. Tl izgatott vagyok ahhoz, hogy ilyen korn elaludjak.
12. A feladat tl nehz ahhoz, hogy folytassam.

Megoldsok
1. The car was too expensive for us to buy.
2. You are too lazy to pass your exam.
3. You are too conceited to admit your weak points.
4. He was too scrawny to dream of a sporting carreer.

86
 INFINITIVE

5. You are too young to decide on financial matters responsibly.

6. You arrived too late to see the performance from the very beginning.
7. The problem is too complicated to be discussed at today's meeting.
8. This brand of cigarettes is too strong for me to smoke.
9. I must wait a bit. The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
10. This old piece of furniture is too heavy for me to lift without any help.
11. I'm too excited to get to sleep so early.
12. The task is too difficult for me to continue.

Az "enough + Infinitive" szerkezet:

elg ... (ids), hogy (megtegyen vmit)

Szrend: az "enough" a mellknevet s a hatrozt kveti, de megelzi a fnevet.

Pldamondatok
1. Elg gyes vagy ahhoz, hogy ne tvedj el egy idegen vrosban?
2. Elg fradt vagyok ahhoz, hogy mg altat nlkl is taludjam az jszakt.
3. Az almk elg rettek ahhoz, hogy leszedjk ket.
4. Biztos vagy benne, hogy elg magas vagy, hogy elrd a mennyezetet?
5. Elg finom ez a bor, hogy a vendgeinknek knljuk?
6. A nap elg melegen st, hogy plban kimenjek.
7. Elg gyakorlatias vagy ahhoz, hogy megjavts egy cspg csapot?
8. Elg hiszkeny ahhoz, hogy az els csal ldozatul essen.
9. Az gy elg szles ahhoz, hogy kt ember aludni tudjon rajta.
10. A mltkori vetlked krdsei elg knnyek voltak, hogy vlaszolni tudjak rjuk.
11. A hz elg nagy ahhoz, hogy az egsz csald ott lakjon.
12. Elg idnk van ahhoz, hogy elstljunk az llatkertbe.
13. Van elg pnznk, hogy nyaralt vegynk?
14. Lesz elg btorsga, hogy beleugorjon a vzbe?
15. A garzsban nincs elg helynk mindkt autnk szmra.
16. Elg tsztt fztnk ahhoz, hogy mg a kutyt is azzal etessk.

Megoldsok
1. Are you clever enough not to get lost in a strange town?
2. I'm tired enough to sleep all night even without sleeping pills.
3. The apples are ripe enough to be picked.
4. Are you sure that you are tall enough to reach the ceiling?
5. Is this wine good enough to offer to our guests?
6. The sun is warm enough t go out in a T-shirt.
7. Are you practical enough to repair a leaking tap?
8. She is credulous enough to fall victim to the first swindler she meets.
9. The bed is wide enough for two men to sleep in.
10. The quiz questions were easy enough for me to answer last time.
11. The house is big enough for the whole family to live in.
12. We have enough time to walk to the zoo.
13. Have we got enough money to buy a week-end cottage?
14. Will she have enough courage to jump into the water?
15. We haven't got enough room in the garage for both of our cars.
16. We cooked enough noodles to feed even the dog.

87
INFINITIVE

Az Infinitive "to be to" formja

Kifejezhet:

a. parancsot, utastst:

Addig kell a gyerekre vigyznod, amg vissza nem jvnk.

You are to look after the child till we return.

b. ktelezettsget elzetes terv vagy megbeszls alapjn:

A kutatsok jv hten kezddnek.

Research is to start next week.

Igen gyakori e szerkezet szenved alakban val hasznlata:

Az sszes levelet le kell gpelni.

All the letters are to be typed.

Megjegyzend, hogy a "to be to" egyszeri ktelezettsgre utal, egyb esetekben a "have to"
s a "should' hasznlatos.

Pldamondatok
1. Engedelmeskedned kell a szleidnek, mg ha nem rtesz is egyet velk.
2. Hatkor kell kezdenie az eladst, de mg mindig nincs itt.
3. El kell hagynod ezt a hzat, ha mindig a legmlyebb rzseiben srted meg.
4. Ha brmi trtnik, azonnal fel kell t hvnod.
5. A tervek szerint rszt veszek az expedciban.
6. Mieltt belpsz egy indiai templomba, le kell vetned a cipdet.
7. Ha igazn sikeres akarsz lenni, meg kell hallgatnod a tancsait.
8. A replgpnek tz perc mlva fel kell szllnia, de mg tiszttjk a kifutplyt.
9. Nagyon oda kell figyelnem a rszletekre?
10. A vizsgzknak hrom ra mlva kell beadniuk a tesztlapokat.
11. Figyelembe kell venni ezeket a fontos adatokat.
12. Terveink szerint a lakst jv nyron jtjuk fel.
13. Mindenkihez el kell kldeni a szavazsi lapokat.
14. Ezt a sokoldal rt jellni kell a Nobel-djra.
15. Ezt a roskatag pletet le kell bontani.
16. Fontolra kell venni a javaslatt.
17. El kell trlni ezt az elavult trvnyt.
18. Mit tegynk, hogy megmentsk a gyerekeket a barlangbl?
19. Mindennem, klfldrl hozott rucikket el kell vmoltatni.
20. A levegszennyezds mrtkt naponta ellenrizni kell.

Megoldsok
1. You are to obey your parents even if you dont't agree with them.
2. He is to start the lecture at six o'clock, but he isn't here yet.
3. You will have to leave this house if you always hurt his deepest feelings.
4. If anything happens, you are to phone him without hesitation.
5. I am to take part in the expedition.

88
 INFINITIVE
6. You should take off your shoes before entering a church in India.
7. If you want to be really successful, you should listen to his advice.
8. The plane is to take off in ten minutes, howeveijthe runway is still being cleaned.
9. Am I to pay full attention to the details?
10. The candidates are to hand in the test papers in three hours.
11. These important data are to be taken into consideration.
12. Our flat is to be redecorated next summer.
13. Voting papers are to be sent to everybody.
14. This versatile writer is to be nominated for the Nobel Prize.
15. This ramshackle building is to be demolished.
16. His suggestion is to be considered.
17. This obsolete law is to be done away with.
18. What is to be done to rescue the children from the cave?
19. Any goods brought from abroad are to be declared at the customs.
20. The degree of air pollution is to be checked every day.

A "be thought to be" = "azt hiszik/tartjk/gondoljk rla" szerkezet

Pldamondatok
1. Azt tartjk rla, igen tehetsges focista.
2. Azt gondoljk, Mr. Trump a vilg leggazdagabb embere.
3. Azt mondjk, mostanban ez a legnpszerbb film Amerikban.
4. Felttelezik rla, hogy van elg ereje tszni a Balatont.
5. Azt hiszik, hogy a csapatunk mr a selejtezben kiesik.
6. A foglyot bnsnek nyilvntottk.
7. Szmtsok szerint az Egyenlt 40.000 km hossz.
8. Vrosunkat ezer vesnek tartjk.
9. Azt mondjk, ksrtetek jrnak ebben az don kastlyban.
10. Azt hiszi magrl, hogy kivl sznok.

Megoldsok
1. He is considered to be a very talented football player.
2. Mr. Trump is thought to be the richest man in the world.
3. This is said to be the most popular film in America nowadays.
4. He is supposed to have enough strength to swim across Lake Balaton.
5. It is believed that our team will drop out as early as in the qualifying heat.
6. The prisoner has been declared to be guilty.
7. The Equator is calculated to be as long as 40,000 kms.
8. Our town is thought to be a thousand years old.
9. Ghosts are said to haunt this ancient castle.
10. He believes himself to be an excellent orator.

89
INFINITIVE

A "so....as to" szerkezet

Pldamondatok
1. Legyen olyan kedves tudatni velem az eredmnyt!
2. Nem vagy annyira hozzrt, hogy tudomnyos kutatsbn rszt vegyl.
3. Nem vagyok olyan bolond, hogy klcsnadjam neki az autmat.
4. Nem lesz olyan szerny, hogy ne fogadja el a felknlt pozcit.
5. llapota, szerencsre, nem adott okott komoly aggodalomra.

Megoldsok
1. Be so kind as to let me know the result.
2. You are not so competent as to participate in scientific research.
3. I'm not such a fool as to lend him my car.
4. He will not be so humble as not to accept the post offered.
5. Luckily, his condition was not such as to give rise to serious concern.

Vegyes pldk
1. Tervt mg a bizottsg el kell terjeszteni.
2. Sok mindent kell tisztznunk ebben az j helyzetben.
3. Semmit nem tehettnk az ellptetsedrt.
4. A sztr, amelyre szksgem van, sehol sem kaphat.
5. Vrhat volt, hogy nem fog megjelenni a kihallgatson.
6. Remlhetleg hamarosan megtalljk ennek a betegsgnek az ellenszert.
7. Ha induls eltt reggelizni akarsz, nincs vesztegetni val idnk.
8. Azt hiszem, nem ezt a mdszert kell most alkalmazni.
9. Nem igazn megbzhatak az ilyen ksrlet sorn nyerhet eredmnyek.
10. Mely ujjlenyomatokat kell kivizsglni?
11. Nehz megrteni a kvnsgt.
12. Knny kvetni az eladst.
13. Van egy kiad laks a lpcshzunkban.
14. A szerelmes frfiakat knny rvenni arra, hogy drga ajndkokat vegyenek.
15. Tudod, hogyan kell kinyitni egy pnclszekrnyt?
16. Nem tud dnteni, melyik ruht vegye fel.
17. Halvny fogalma sincs rla, hogy hogyan kell egy fogalmazst megrni.
18. Nem tudtunk dnteni, hogy melyik lemezt vegyk meg.
19. Mondd meg, mit vegyek vacsorra! .
20.' Tancstalan volt, mikppen tallja meg a helyes utat.
21. Mindig utolsknt csatlakozik hozznk.
22. A legjobb, amit tehetnk, ha vrunk napfelkeltig.
23. Keresek valakit, akivel bridzsezhetnk.
24. Az indinok szvtak elszr dohnyt.
25. Ez az ra az egyetlen, amit ma megtartanak.
26. Ez a regny a legjobb, amit ktelez olvasmnynak vlasztani lehet.

Megoldsok
1. His plan is still to be submitted to the committee.
2. We have a lot of things to clear up/to be cleared up in this new situation.

90
 INFINITIVE

3. There was nothing to do/to be done for your promotion.

4. The dictionary I need is nowhere to be bought.
5. It was to be expected that he wouldn't turn up at the questioning.
6. It is to be hoped that a medicine to cure this disease will soon be found.
7. If you want to have breakfast before leaving, there is no time to be lost.
8. I don't think this is the right method to apply now.
9. The results to be obtained from such an experiment are not very reliable.
10. Which fingerprints are to be investigated?
11. It is hard to understand his desire.
12. His lecture is easy to follow.
13. There is a flat to let in our staircase.
14. Men in love are easy to cajole into buying expensive presents.
15. Do you know how to open a safe?
16. She can't decide which dress to put on.
17. He hasn't the slightest idea how to write a composition.
18. We couldn't decide which record to buy.
19. Please tell me what to buy for dinner.
20. He was at a loss how to find the right way.
21. He is always the last to join us.
22. The best thing to do is to wait.until sunrise.
23. I'm looking for someone to play chess with.
24. The Indians were the first to smoke tobacco.
25. This lesson is the only one to be held today.
26. This is the best novel to choose as a set book.

PERFECT INFINITIVE

Alakja: to have + az ige 3. alakja

Szenved formban: to have been + az ige 3. alakja

Pldamondatok
1. Azt tartjk rla, vekig egyedl lakott egy tanyahzban. .
2. rlk, hogy elmentem a ma esti eladsra.
3. Boldog vagyok, hogy egy ilyen hres r dicsrt meg.
4. Valszntlen, hogy elrte volna a hegycscsot.
5. gy volt, hogy az j ruhz sszel nyit. (de nem gy trtnt)
6. Gondolod, hogy udvarias dolog volt ilyen krdst feltenni?
7. gy tnik, tl knnyen feladta a remnyt.
8. Jelentettk, hogy a miniszterelnk elutazott Oroszorszgba.
9. Azt lltottk rla, hogy nem vette figyelembe a biztonsgi elrsokat.
10. gy tudjk, meghvtk t a vllalkozi szfra estlyre.
11. gy hiszik, rvidzrlat okozta a szerelszalag hirtelen lellst.
12. Azt mondjk, tbb ember megsrlt a baleset sorn.
13. lltlag minden problmt legyztek.
14. Azt hiszik rla, hogy a Harvard egyetemen vgzett.
15. gy tartjk, ez a film volt az elmlt szezon kasszasikere.
16. gy tnik, megrtetttek mg az apr rszleteket is.

91
INFINITIVE

17. Igazn kedves tled, hogy segtettl a csomagjaimat cipelni.

18. Azt mondjk, Angliban adtk ki a vilg npessgrl szl legjabb felmrst.
19. gy tudjk, tbb iskola is plt az idn.
20. lltlag egy hibs kbel okozta a tzet a kutatintzetben.

Megoldsok
1. He is said to have lived alone in a farmhouse for years.
2. I'm glad to have been at tonight's performance.
3. I'm happy to have been praised by such a famous writer.
4. He is unlikely to have reached the top of the hill.
5. The new department store was to have opened in autumn.
6. Do you consider it to have been polite to ask such a question?
7. He seems to have given up his hopes too easily.
8. The Prime Minister was reported to have left for Russia.
9. He was alleged to have disregarded the safety precautions.
10. He is known to have been invited to the businessmen's ball.
11. A short circuit is believed to have caused the sudden shut-down of the assembly
line.
12. Several people are said to have been hurt in the accident.
13. All difficulties are said to have been overcome.
14. He is believed to have graduated from Harvard.
15. This film is considered to have been the box-office hit of the last season.
16. You seem to have understood even the minute details.
17. It is really kind of you to have helped me with my luggage.
18. The latest survey of the world's population is said to have been published in
England.
19. Several schools are known to have been built this year.
20. A defective cable is supposed to have caused the fire in the research institute.

sszefoglal pldamodatok az Infinitive hasznlatra

1. rlni fogsz, ha jra ltod?
2. Bosszankodtam, amikor megtudtam, hogy nincs res szoba.
3. Kedves volt tled, hogy felajnlottad a tmogatsodat.
4. Nem valszn, hogy az id szp marad.
5. Nem volt hajland a nagynnjvel utazni Skciba.
6. Sikerlt hazig mennem a kocsival, br az ton ktszer elromlott.
7. A kv nem elg ers ahhoz, hogy egsz jjel bren tartson.
8. Nem tudod vletlenl, hogy hol kakik?
9. Nem vrhatod, hogy percek alatt rendezdjn egy ilyen vita.
10. Kutatsokat vgeztek arra vonatkozan, hogyan lehetne megbirkzni a nvekv
inflcival.
11. Eszedbe jutott, hogy lisztet is vegyl?
12. Azt szeretnm, ha holnapra megjavtan.
13. El tudnd nekem magyarzni, hogyan kell elbeszlgetsre felhvni egy szmot?
14. A kosrban hagytam a kivasaland dolgokat.
15. gy van, hogy a nyron taptztatjuk a lakst.
16. gy tett, mintha nem vett volna szre semmit.
17. s most mit vrsz tlem, hogy mit csinljak?
18. Nincs mit tenni.

92
 INFINITIVE

19. Ha nincs hol laknod, biztos szllst ad nhny napra.

20. Tbb, mint fl rjba kerlt, hogy kitltse a keresztrejtvnyt.
21. Felmondta az llst, br azt tancsoltuk neki, hogy ne tegye.
22. Krlnztetek a kastlyban? - Szerettnk volna, de nem engedtk.
23. Megltogathatsz, amikor csak akarsz.
24. Jobban szeretnm nem elfogadni az ajnlatukat, de knytelen leszek.
25. Nem vagyok abban a helyzetben, hogy anyagi tmogatst nyjtsak, br szeretnk.
26. O volt az egyedli utas, aki tllte a hajtrst, ugye?
27. Biztos vagy benne, hogy elg rett vagy csaldalaptsra?
28. Srgettk, hogy a kormny hozzon intzkedseket az gyben.
29. 0 volt a msodik elnk az orszgban, aki politikai gyilkossg ldozata lett.
30. gy tnik, szorgalmasan rja a hzi feladatt.
31. Nem ltszik kimerltnek.
32. Hazament, s csaldottan ltta, hogy a felesge nem ksztett vacsort.
33. Mirt nem emlkeztettl r, hogy befizessem a telefonszmlt?
34. Akarod, hogy vezessem a kocsidat? - Igen, lgy szves.
35. gy tnik, fogytl egy kicsit.
36. gy volt, hogy benevez a versenyre, de eltrt a karja.
37. Lttk, amint a szraz leveleket gereblyzte.
38. Hallottam, amikor jflkor megjttl.
39. t tartom a legjobb kortrs magyar kltnek. - Valban?
40. Visszarohantam a vrterembe, s csaldottan lttam, hogy a kzitskmat
elloptk.

Megoldsok
1. Will you be glad to see him again?
2. I was annoyed to learn that there was no vacant room in the hotel.
3. It was nice of you to have offered your support.
4. The weather is not likely to remain fine.
5. He was not willing to travel to Scotland with his aunt.
6. I managed to drive home, although the car broke down twice on the way.
7. The coffee is not strong enough to keep me awake all night.
8. Do you happen to know where he lives?
9. You can't expect a dispute like this to be settled in a few minutes.
10. They made inquiries as to how to cope with the rising inflation.
11. Did you remember to buy flour as well?
12. I would like you to repair it by tomorrow.
13. Could you explain to me how to make a reverse charge call?
14. I left the clothes to be ironed in the basket.
15. We are to wall-paper the flat in summer.
16. He pretended not to have noticed anything.
17. And what do you expect me to do now?
18. There is nothing to do/to be done.
19. If you have nowhere to live, he will surely put you up for a few days.
20. It took him more than half an hour to solve the crossword puzzle.
21. He gave up his job although we had advised him not to.
22. Did you have a look round the castle? - We would have liked to but we were not
allowed to.
23. You can visit me whenever you want/want to.
24. I would prefer not to accept their offer but I will have to.

93
INFINITIVE

25. I'm not in a position to give you financial support though I would like to.
26. He was the only passenger to survive the shipwreck, wasn't he?
27. Are you sure that you are mature enough to have a family of your own?
28. The government was urged to take measures to deal with the matter.
29. He was the second Prime Minister of the country to have been assassinated.
30. He seems to be busy with his homework.
31. He doesn't seem to be exhausted. / He seems not to be exhausted.
32. He went home only to see that his wife hadn't prepared dinner.
33. Why didn't you remind me to pay the telephone bill?
34. Do you want me to drive your car? - Yes, please.
35. You seem to have lost a bit of weight.
36. He was to have entered the competition but he broke his arm.
37. He was seen to rake the dry leaves.
38. I heard you arrive at midnight.
39. I consider him to be the greatest Hungarian contemporary poet. - Do you?
40. I rushed back to the waiting room only to find that my handbag had been stolen.

94
 GERUND

GERUND

Alakvltozatai:

Active Passive

Present doing being done

Perfect having done having been done

Pl.: Nem knny munka tbb tucatnyi karcsonyi lapot megrni.

Writing dozens of Christmas cards is not an easy job.

Csodlkozom, hogy gyorshajtsrt brsgolnak.(engem)

I'm surprised at being fined for speeding.

Szgyellem, hogy olyan sok embert srtettem meg.

I'm ashamed of having insulted so many people.

Neheztelt azrt, hogy nem hvtk meg.

He resented not having been invited.

Alkalmazsa: mellkmondatokban ill. azok rvidtsre.

Az albbiakban egytt vizsgljuk a fnvi igenv s a Gerund alkalmazhatsgt az egyes
mellkmondatok esetben.

a. alanyi: Going home by car is much more comfortable than by bus. / To go home by car....

b. jelzi: My dream of becoming a doctor didn't come true.

c. clhatrozi: csak fnvi igenv, ha a kt mondat alanya megegyezik: / went to see him to
inform him about the events.

d. trgyi: Iwanted you to win the competition.

e. mdhatrozi: He hurt me by calling me a liar.

f. okhatrozi: He was given a pay-rise for his working hard.

g. eszkzhatrozi: He got into university by submitting a second application.

h. idhatrozi:
- egyidejsg kifejezsre: Going / On going home I met him.
- elidejsg kifejezsre: After going home I got down to business. Before going home I
locked all my drawers.

95
GERUND

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Szeretek krimiket olvasni s sohasem tudom megllni, hogy ne nzzem meg a
knyv vgt.
2. Nincs kifogsom az ellen, ha elkstek, de az nagyon zavar, ha beszlgettek ahelyett,
hogy az eladra figyelntek.
3. Hagyd abba a krdezskdst, nem szeretem, ha tanuls kzben zavarnak.
4. Szinte lehetetlen megakadlyozni, hogy az emberek sszetrjk a telefonflkket.
5. Furcsa volt, hogy nem voltl ott a mltkori bulin.
6. Ksse bosszantott.
7. A hzimunka elvgzse s a munkahely kvetelmnyei mindig is problmt fognak
jelenteni a dolgoz n szmra.'
8. Ahelyett, hogy pontosan vlaszolt volna a krdsre, jelentktelen rszletekbe
bonyoldott.
9. gy ment el, hogy nem krt elnzst udvariatlansgrt.
11. Azon kvl, hogy kemnyen tanul az iskolban, vasrnaponknt kmvesknt
dolgozik.
12. Miutn meghallgattk az rveit, a hallgatsg ksz volt elfogadni a javaslatot.
13. Amikor megrkeztem a tborba, meglepdtem, hogy nem is tallkozom
magyarokkal.
14. Brltk amiatt, hogy nem szentel kell figyelmet a felnvekv generci
kpessgeinek.
15. A munkafolyamatok tszervezse s javtsa rvn jelents fejlds rhet el a
termelkenysg nvelse tern.
16. Semmit nem utlok jobban, mint ha rkig hiba vrakozom.
17. Sikerlt megoldanod a problmt?
18. Lebeszltem arrl, hogy rkat tltsn egy pressz teraszn.
19. Elnzst krek, hogy megvrakoztattam nt.
20. Ezt a kijelentst helyesbteni kell.
21. rdemes meghallgatni ennek a tapasztalt eladnak a vlemnyt.
22. Ha brmikor a f utcn stlok, nem tudom elkerlni, hogy vele tallkozzam.
23. Nem tehetek rla, de az az rzsem, hogy hiba csszott a szmtsainkba.
24. Mit szlnl, ha nhny napot ebben a kedves kis faluban tltennk?
25. Alig vrom, hogy vlaszodat megkapjam.
26. Zavarja, ha a flkben dohnyzom?
27. Sokig nem voltunk hozzszokva, hogy vekig sproljunk valamire.
28. Azon gondolkodnak, hogy elcserlik a laksukat.
29. Nem tudom elkpzelni, hogy folykonyan beszl franciul.
30. Nem emlkszem, hogy valaha is ezt a nyakkendt viselte volna.
31. Bszke lehet, hogy diploms ember lett.
32. Gyantottk, hogy kvette el a gyilkossgot.
33. Mrges volt, amirt megzavartam.
34. Tagadja, hogy ltta mr ezt az embert?
35. Nem vagyok biztos benne, hogy lekapcsoltam a villanyt.
36. Nagyra rtkelem, hogy olyan sokat tettl a szleidrt.
37. Nem tudtam megbocstani, hogy Tom az sszes pnzt dessgre klttte.
38. Mirt nem emltetted, hogy mr jrtl ebben a vrosban?
39. Nem tudtam megrteni, hogy mirt ttte azt a szegny gyereket.
40. Ne beszlj arrl, hogy mr trgyaltam ezzel a vllalattal.
41. Ki nem llhatja, ha ellentmondanak neki.

96
 GERUND
42. Nem emlkszem, hogy hallottam volna ezt a trtnetet.
43. Nem szeretem, ha nevetsgess tesznek.
44. Ragaszkodik hozz, hogy az reg viskt lebontsk.
45. Azzal bntettk, hogy lefekvs eltt nem kapott vacsort.
46. Amikor megkrdeztk, mit tud a vdlottrl, nem tagadta, hogy mr ltta.
47. Ne menj be a rendelbe anlkl, hogy szltannak!
48. Egy rendr mentette meg a gyereket attl, hogy egy teheraut elsse.
49. A helyedben tiltakoznk az ilyen bnsmd ellen.
50. lvezte, ha nagy tmeg hallgatta a szavait.
51. El sem tudom kpzelni, hogy ellptessenek.
52. Nagyon rlt, hogy a konferencia elnkv vlasztottk.
53. Hozz vagyok szokva, hogy a kialkudott rat kapom.
54. Mg a gondolatt sem szerette, hogy megbzhatatlan embernek higgyk.
55. Megmenekltem attl, hogy jabb elads megtartsra krjenek fel Keats
kltszetrl.
56. Nagyon nem szerette, ha a legjobb tanulnak tartottk az iskolban.
57. Gyllm, ha hazudnak nekem.
58. Hajszlon mlott, hogy egy figyelmetlen sofr nem gzolta el.
59. Tiltakozom az ellen, hogy ezt a pontot levegyk a napirendrl.
60. Nem emlkszem, hogy valaha is megtagadtk volna tle a segtsget.
61: A mrnk ragaszkodott ahhoz, hogy mkds kzben vizsgljk meg az j eszkzt.
62. Neheztelt azrt, hogy igazsgtalanul vdoltk.
63. Hallottam, hogy prmiumot kapott.
64. Megtudtuk, hogy a legjabb ksrlete sikeresen vgzdtt.
65. Ne nyilatkozz errl a tmrl anlkl, hogy megkaptad volna minden rszlett.
66. Egszen elgedett voltam, hogy ilyen jelents fizetsemelst kaptam.
67. Amikor hazartnk, csodlkoztunk, hogy kedvezmnyes ron kaptuk a stemnyt.
68. Bosszantotta, hogy ellptettek.
69. Felhborodott azrt, hogy t okoltk a kudarcrt.
70. Sajnlom, hogy gyerekkoromban annyira elknyeztettek.
71. Mirt nem krtl elnzst, amirt tnkretetted a sznyeget?
72. Utlok korn kelni. - n is.
73. A fikon nem volt nyoma annak, hogy brki is hozznylt volna.
74. Nem tudom elviselni, ha az ismerseim minden komolyabb ok nlkl felhvnak.
75. Ha van egy kis idd, javaslom, tltsk ki ezt az rlapot.
76. Mirt nzel llandan htra? Attl flsz, kvetnek?
77. Ne nzz krl, az egsz laksra rfrne a takarts.
78. Figyelmeztethettl volna, hogy ilyen les az olld. Elkerlhettem volna, hogy
megvgjam az ujjam.
79. Megkrdezte, volna-e kedvem velk menni egy krutazsra.
80. Emlkszem, hogy mindezt mr tanultam, s szgyellem, hogy ennyi hibt kvettem
el.
81. Mit szlnl ahhoz, ha ma korn vacsorznnk?
82. Prbld meg elkerlni, hogy cscsforgalomban utazz.
83. Ezt az inget vasalni kell. - Valban?
84. Es utn kpnyeg.
85. Gratullt ahhoz, hogy a legjobb eredmnyt rtem el.
86. Szvesebben iszom bort, mint srt.
87. vegvgsra alkalmas szerszmra van szksgem.
88. Nagyon szeretek kisebb munkkat vgezni a hz krl.
89. Ellenzem, hogy ilyen szp idben killtst nzznk.

97
GERUND

90. Lenne szves becsukni az ablakot?

91. Mirt hagytad abba a naplrst nhny oldal utn?
92. Ki nem llhatom, ha lkdsnek a buszmegllban.
93. Megbnta, hogy nem lpett be korbban a klubba.
94. Az iskola befejezse ta az csm nem tudott elhelyezkedni.
95. Beleuntam a vrakozsba s hazamentem.
96. A hrek hallatn eljult.
97. Rszokott arra, hogy hetente ktszer szni megy.
98. Ne kockztasd azt, hogy rd ljenek.
99. Nincs rtelme, hogy vitatkozzunk vele: nagyon szereti, ha v az utols sz.
100. Most az egyszer hallgass meg anlkl, hogy flbeszaktanl.
101. jflig mesltk a trtneteket.
102. Tagadja, hogy lopta el a brkabtomat.
103. Nem tehetek rla, rosszul vagyok, ha ltom, hogy nagypnteken kolbszt eszel.
104. rzem, hogy valami g, pedig emlkszem, hogy induls eltt eloltottam a gzt.
105. Az a szoksa, hogy elfelejti a hatridket.

Megoldsok
1. I'm fond of reading thrillers and I can never help looking at the ending of the book.
2. I have no objection to your being late but I'm much disturbed by your talking
instead of listening to the lecturer.
3. Stop asking questions. I don't like being disturbed while studying.
4. It's almost impossible to prevent people from breaking telephone boxes.
5. Your being absent from the party last night was strange.
6. His being late annoyed fn^^
7. Doing the household chores and meeting the requirements of a job will always
continue to be a problem for working women.
8. Instead of answering the question exactly he went into insignificant details.
10. He left without apologizing for his discourtesy.
11. Besides studying hard at school he works as a bricklayer on Sundays.
12. After listening to his arguments the audience were ready to accept the proposal.
13. On arriving at the camp I was surprised at not meeting a single Hungarian.
14. He was criticized for not paying sufficient attention to the abilities of the younger
generation.
15. By reorganizing and improving working processes a considerable increase in labour
productivity can be attained.
16. There is nothing I hate more than waiting for hours in vain.
17. Did you succeed in solving the problem?
18. I dissuaded him from spending hours on the terrace of a cafe.
19. I apologize for keeping you waiting.
20. This statement needs correcting.
21. It is worth listening to the opinion of this experienced lecturer.
22. Whenever I walk in the main street I can't avoid meeting him.
23. I can't help feeling that there was a mistake in our calculations.
24. What/How about spending some days in this lovely village?
25. I'm looking forward to receiving your reply.
26. Do you mind my smoking in the compartment?
27. For a long time we were not accustomed to saving money for years to buy
something.
28. They are thinking of exchanging their flat.

98
 GERUND
29. I can't imagine her speaking French fluently.
30. I can't remember him ever wearing this tie.
31. He can be proud of having graduated.
32. He was suspected of having committed the murder.
33. He was angry at my having disturbed him.
34. Do you deny having seen this man before?
35. I'm not sure of having switched off the light.
36. I appreciate your having done so much for your parents.
37. I couldn't forgive Tom's having spent all his money on sweets.
38. Why didn't you mention your having been in this town before?
39. I couldn't understand him beating that poor child.
40. Don't speak about my having negotiated with this company.
41. He can't stand being contradicted.
42. I don't remember being told this story.
43. I don't like being ridiculed.
44. He insists on the old hut being demolished.
45. He was punished by being sent to bed without dinner.
46. On being asked what he knew about the accused he didn't deny having seen him
before.
47. Don't enter the surgery without being called.
48. A policeman saved the child from being run over by a lorry.
49. If I were you, I would object to being treated like that.
50. He enjoyed being listened to by a crowd.
51.1 can't even imagine being promoted.
52. He was delighted at being appointed chairman of the conference.
53. I am used to being given the price bargained for.
54. He didn't like even the idea of being thought to be an unreliable person.
55. I've escaped being asked to deliver another lecture on the poetry of Keats.
56. He intensely disliked being considered (to be) the brightest pupil in the school.
57. I detest being told a lie.
58. He narrowly escaped being run over by a careless driver.
59.1 object to this item being removed from the agenda.
60. I can't remember her ever being refused help.
61. The engineer insisted upon the device being tested under operating conditions.
62. He resented having been unjustly accused.
63. I heard about his having been awarded a bonus.
64. We learned of his experiment having been finished successfully.
65. Don't give a statement on this matter without having been given all the details.
66. I was quite content with having been given such a substantial pay rise.
67. On arriving home we were surprised at having been given the cake at a discount
price.
68. He was annoyed at my having been promoted.
69. He was indignant at having been blamed for the failure.
70. I'm sorry I was spoilt so much in my childhood. (Nem fejezhet ki GerunddeV.)
71. Why didn't you apologize for having spoilt the carpet?
72. I hate getting up early. - So do I.
73. On the drawer there was no trace of anybody having touched it.
74. I can't bear my acquaintances phoning without any serious reason.
75. If you have some free time I suggest filling in this form.
76. Why do you keep looking back? Are you afraid of being followed?
77. Don't look around. The whole flat needs cleaning.

99
GERUND G E R U N D OR INFINITIVE

78. You should have warned me that your scissors are so sharp. I could have avoided
cutting my fingers.
79. He asked whether I felt like accompanying them on a tour.
80. I remember learning all this before and I'm ashamed of having made so many
mistakes.
81. What/How about having an early dinner tonight?
82. Try to avoid travelling in the rush hours.
83. This shirt needs ironing. - Does it?
84. It's no use crying over spilt milk.
85. He congratulated me on my having achieved the best result.
86. I prefer drinking wine to drinking beer.
87. I need a tool suitable for cutting glass.
88. I enjoy doing odd jobs around the house.
89. I'm against visiting an exhibition in such fine weather.
90. Would you mind shutting the window?
91. Why did you give up keeping a diary after a few pages?
92. I can't stand being pushed at the bus stop.
93. He regretted not joining the club earlier.
94. Since leaving school my younger brother hasn't found a job.
95. I got bored with waiting and went home.
96. On hearing the news she fainted.
97. He took to going swimming twice a week.
98. Don't risk being shot at.
99. It's no use quarrelling with him. He is keen on having the last word.
100. This time listen to me without interrupting.
101. They went on telling stories until midnight.
102. He denies having stolen my leather jacket.
103. I can't help feeling ill when I see you eating sausages on Good Friday.
104. I can smell something burning though I remember switching off the gas before
leaving.
105. He is in the habit of forgetting deadlines.

GERUND OR INFINITIVE

sszefoglal gyakorlat a GERUND s INFINITIVE hasznlatra

Pldamondatok
1. A lnyok meglltak beszlgetni az utcn.
2. Abbahagytk a beszlgetst, amikor meglttk az osztlyfnkt.
3. Sajnlom, hogy tegnap minden ok nlkl leszidtalak.
4. Emlkszel r, hogy adtl szmlt a szvetrl?
5. Nem fogom elfelejteni, hogy meghvjam a szlinapi bulimra.
6. A vasutassztrjk azt jelenti, hogy a dikok fele nem tud iskolba jnni.
7. Meg akarta lni a sttben.
8. Hardy elszr verseket rt, csak ksbb trt t a regnyrsra.
9. Az elad megivott egy pohr vizet, majd tovbb beszlt Dickensrl.
10. Sajnlattal kzlm, de a vlegnye azt mondta, hogy megbnta, hogy felesgl
krte.

100
G E R U N D O R INFINITIVE GERUND

11. Mindig magnl tart egy gzsprayt, mert attl tart, hogy megtmadjk.
12. Mirt nem mersz az igazgat eltt panaszkodni?

Megoldsok
1. The girls stopped to talk in the street.
2. They stopped talking when they caught sight of the form master.
3. I regret scolding you yesterday without any reason.
4. Do you remember giving a receipt for the material?
5. I shall remember to invite him to my birthday party.
6. The railway strike means half of the pupils not being able to come to school.
7. He meant to kill her in the dark.
8. At first Hardy wrote poems, and only later did he go on to write novels.
9. The lecturer drank a glass of water, then went on speaking about Dickens.
10. I regret to tell you but your fiance said that he regretted proposing marriage to you.
11. She always has a gas spray with her as she is afraid of being attacked.
12. Why are you afraid to complain in the presence'of the director?

101
PARTICIPLE

PARTICIPLE

Alakvltozatai:

Active Passive

Present (Continuous) giving being given

Perfect having given having been given
Past given

Trgyatlan igk esetben:

Active

Present (Continuous) running

Perfect having run
Past run

Pldk az egyes alakokra:

Lttam, amint titkos dokumentumokat ad t egy gynknek.

/ saw him giving secret documents to an agent.

Mivel kimerlt voltam, nem tudtam mindenkinek vacsort kszteni.

Being exhausted I couldn't prepare dinner for everybody.

Miutn elkrte tlem a sztramat, knnyen lefordtotta a cikket.

Having asked for my dictionary, he was easily able to translate the article.

Mivel ellptettek, ktszer annyit kellett dolgoznom, mint eltte.

Having been promoted I had to work twice as hard as before.

Mivel az eredmny elkesertette, elment a legkzelebbi kocsmba, hogy italba

fojtsa bnatt.
Disappointed by the result, he went to the nearest pub to drown his sorrows in
drink.

t fi jtt futva felnk.

Five boys came running towards us.

Miutn hrom kilomtert futott, teljesen ki volt fulladva.

Having run three kilometres he was completely out of breath.

102
 PARTICIPLE

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Prbljuk meg elrni a 10.30-kor indul vonatot!
2. Tegnap egy rdekes eladst hallgattunk Swift mveirl.
3. Ha brki izmos akar lenni, javaslom, tornsszon naponta tbb rt.
4. Ismered a professzor j knyvt, mely a fajok eredett s fejldst rja le?
5. Ma a mondatelemzs problmival fogunk foglalkozni.
6. A szakcs rezte, hogy g a hs.
7. szrevettem, hogy a gyerekek beszlgetnek, majd rajtacsptem ket, hogy a
cseresznyefmon msznak.
8. El tudod kpzelni, hogy csipks harisnyban jrjak?
9. Figyeltk, amint a virggysokat gyomllta, majd hallottuk, hogy metszette a
fkat.
10. Mivel a randevm csak 7-kor volt, stltam egy kicsit.
11. Nem akartalak megvratni a sznhz elcsarnokban, de vissza kellett fordulnom,
mert nyitva hagytam a vzcsapot.
12. Azonnal elindtom a szvegszerkeszt programot.
13. Tisztn lttam, hogy az ids hlgy piros lmpnl lpett le az ttestre.
14. Az itt hasznlt drt nagyon vkony.
15. Szmtsba kellene vennnk azokat az adatokat, melyekre a felmrs utal.
16. Az egsz orszgban megvitatsra kerl gazdasgi intzkedsek az egyni
gazdlkodk lehetsgeit javtjk.
17. A vsron bemutatott konyhai eszkzk kztt sok elektromos kszlk van.
18. t rt tltttnk azzal, hogy megtalljuk anym kedvenc varrtjt.
19. Megfigyeltl mr valaha egy mdarat, amint a fikit eteti?
20. Hallottam, amint a betr az ells bejrati ajtt feltrte.
21. Egy vet pocskoltam azzal, hogy egy olyan nyelvet tanultam, ami szmomra tl
nehz.
22. Nagy sikere lesz a most prblt darabnak.
23. A lert tnetek azt mutatjk, hogy influenzja van.
24. Az akkor vizsglt anyagok nmelyikrl kiderlt, hogy az egszsgre krosak.
25. Mivel nagyon fradt voltam, aznap nem ettem vacsort.
26. Mivel siettem, nem tudtam segteni egy lerobbant aut vezetjnek.
27. Amikor megittam a szoksos pohr tejemet, mg szomjasabbnak reztem magam.
28. Amikor az utcn stltam, hirtelen megpillantottam egy rgi osztlytrsamat.
29. Mivel a nagyszlei neveltk fel, meglehetsen rgimdi elvei voltak.
30. Mivel nem nem tudok szpen takartani, elhatroztam, hogy bejrnt fogadok.
31. Mivel nem tudtam megfelel lakst tallni, egy dikszlln laktam.
32. Nem tudvn, kihez forduljak tancsrt, a legkzenfekvbb megoldst vlasztottam.
33. Mivel nem volt valami nagy tengersz, egsz hajutunkon tengeribeteg volt.
34. Valaki vr rd kinn.
35. Ne menj t az ton! Egy sor aut jn.
36. gy tekintenek r, mint a legmegbzhatbb knyvelre.
37. Olajfrs kzben geolgusok egy rejtett tavat talltak.
38. Meredek lejtn val halads kzben a vezetknek kisebb sebessgbe kell
kapcsolniuk.
39. Faulkner regnyeit olvasva gyakran bukkansz olyan szavakra, melyeket a kznapi
angol ritkn hasznl.
40. Miutn beszltnk vele, meg voltunk gyzdve arrl, hogy segteni fog.

103
PARTICIPLE

41. Miutn meghallgatta a dolgozk panaszait, az igazgat negyedvenknti

prmiumot grt.
42. Javban kszl a holnapi sznieladsra.
43. Az orvos segtsgvel egy hnap mlva jrni tudsz.'
44. Stt helyre tve a virg elveszti zld sznt.
45. Ebbl a nzpontbl javaslata egsz sszernek ltszik.
46. A regny szinte ismeretlen volt, amg nem fordtottk le ms nyelvekre.
47. Mivel gyengn beszl angolul, nem rti az angol nyelv msorokat.
48. Mivel srgetett az id, nem tudtunk tovbb vrni.
49. Pnzszkben lvn elhatroztuk, hogy elhalasztjuk klfldi utunkat.
50. Mivel azeltt sohasem voltunk ilyen helyzetben, tancstalanok voltunk, mit
tegynk.
51. Mivel els olvassra nem rtettem meg egy gazdasgrl szl cikket, elhatroztam,
hogy jbl elolvasom.
52. Miutn megkaptam a szksges informcit, kimentem a peronhoz.
53. Mivel a baleset sorn az aut ersen megrongldott, be kellett vontatni egy kzeli
szervizbe.
54. Mivel ppen betrs kzben rtk tetten ket, azonnal letartztattk ket.
55. Rgisge miatt a kzirat olvashatatlan volt.
56. Gynyrek voltak a nagyapm ltal gyjttt lepkk az veg alatt.
57. Elvetettk az indtvnyt, mert a bizottsg tbbsge nem hagyta jv.
58. Mivel kt rdekes llst ajnlottak fel neki, nem tudta, melyiket fogadja el.
59. Mivel sok baja volt a biciklijvel, elhatrozta, hogy eladja.
60. Komoly beteg lvn minden megbeszlst le kellett mondania.
61. Abbahagytuk a beszlgetst, amikor furcsa zajt hallottunk.
62. Miutn rengeteg pnzt vesztett lversenyen, abbahagyta a fogadst.
63. Ha ezt a gombot benyomjk, beindtja a riasztrendszert.
64. Ezek a gpek nem gazdasgosak, ha nem hasznljk ket gyakran.
65. Haji elmagyarzzk ezt az eljrst, mg a laikusok szmra is rthet lesz.
66. Az ilyen munkra jelentkezknek igen fejlett kezdemnyezkszsgre van
szksgk.
67. Megfelel trols esetn a gomba akr egy htig is eltarthat.
68. Megfelel elkszts esetn a hal szmos zletes tel alapja lehet.
69. Ha a megfelel kezelst kapja, e betegsg brmely formja gygythat.
70. Br rjttek, hogy hibt kvettek el, nem vltoztattak a viselkedskn.
71. Mivel vasrnap volt, minden bank zrva volt.
72. Nagyon vatosnak kell lenned, ha ezzel a szerszmmal dolgozol.
73. Mivel elbocstottk, elkezdett magnrkat adni.
74. Mivel nincsenek fk az udvarban, a leveg nem elg friss.
75. Mivel megtalltk a legszebb lnyt, nem volt rtelme folytatni a szpsgversenyt.
76. Hogyan tudsz nevetni, amikor a hgod krhzban fekszik?
77. Azt vrod, dolgozzam, amikor az egyves lnyod itt van krlttem?
78. Amikor kihajoltam az ablakon, lttam, hogy egy teheraut parkol a hz eltt.
79. Bartai segtsgvel megmentette a kiscict.
80. Br gy tett, mintha folykonyan beszlne angolul, alig tudta magt megrtetni az
angol vendgekkel.
81. Mozdulatlanul lve hallgatta a rdit.
82. Viselkedsbl tlve nem kapott valami j nevelst.
83. Tulajdonkppen nem lenne szabad a bfn kvl dohnyoznod.
84. Mindent figyelembe vve gy hiszem, nem ezt a problmt kellene elsknt
megvitatni.

104
 PARTICIPLE

85. Nagy ltalnossgban szlva azt lehet mondani, hogy a francia nk jobban
odafigyelnek az ltzkdskre, mint a magyarok.
86. Korhoz kpest igen gyesen zongorzik.
87. A turistk lltak a szlloda teraszn s csodltk a gynyr kiltst.
88. Sietve jtt be a rendelbe.
89. A jegyzetfzetem eltemetve fekdt egy halom knyv alatt.
90. Lttam, amint az erd tzet fogott, s azonnal rtestettem a tzoltkat.
91. Figyeltem, ahogy a munksok kirtik a kamiont.
92. Garzsban ne jrasd az aut motorjt!
93. A ftt vagy slt tojst szereted?
94. Vratlan nehzsgekkel talltam szemben magam.
95. Mivel flt a hllktl, nem merte megfogni a gykot.
96. A kislny nagyon boldog volt, mert egyedl kldtk a boltba.
97. Mivel trltk a londoni jratot, csak msnap tudtam Angliba utazni.
98. Az zsia partvidkn vgigspr hurrikn tbb szz lerombolt hzat hagyott maga
utn.
99. Amikor a tncterembe lpett, minden bakfis csak t csodlta.
100. Mivel megoperltk epekvel, nem kellett aggdnia, hogy visszatrnek az ers
fjdalmak.

Megoldsok
1. Let's try to catch the train leaving at 10.30.
2. Yesterday we attended an interesting lecture dealing with the works of Swift.
3. For anyone wanting to be muscular I recommend doing physical exercises several
hours a day.
4. Do you know the professor's new book describing the origin and development of
species?
5. Today we shall deal with problems concerning sentence analysis.
6. The cook smelt the meat burning.
7. I noticed the children talking together, then I caught them climbing my cherry-tree.
8. Can you imagine me wearing lacy tights?
9. We watched him weeding the flower-beds, then heard him pruning the trees.
10. My appointment being only at 7 o'clock, I walked a little.
11. I didn't want to keep you waiting in the foyer but I had to go back home because I
had left the water running.
12. I'll start the word processing program going right now.
13.1 distinctly saw the elderly lady stepping on the road when the lights were red.
14. The wire used here is very thin.
15. We should take into account the data referred to in the survey.
16. The economic measures being discussed all over the country will enhance
opportunities for individual farmers.
17. Among the kitchen gadgets being demonstrated at the fair there are many electrical
appliances.
18. We spent five hours looking for my mother's favourite needle.
19. Have you ever observed a bird feeding its young ones?
20. I heard the burglar breaking the front door open.
21.1 wasted a year learning a language that is too difficult for me.
22. The play being rehearsed is going to be a success.
23. The symptoms described indicate that you have the flu.
24. Some of the substances investigated at that time proved to be injurious to health.

105
PARTICIPLE

25. Being very tired, I didn't have dinner that day.

26. Being in a hurry, I couldn't help the driver of a broken down car.
27. Having drunk my usual glass of milk, I felt even thirstier.
28. Walking in the street, I suddenly caught sight of an ex-classmate of mine.
29. Having been brought up by his grandparents, he had rather old-fashioned
principles.
30. Not being good at cleaning, I made up my mind to employ a charwoman.
31. Not being able to find a suitable flat, I stayed at a student hostel.
32. Not knowing who to turn to for advice, I chose the most obvious solution.
33. Not being much of a sailor, he was seasick throughout our voyage.
34. There is somebody waiting for you outside.
35. Don't cross the street: there's a stream of cars coming.
36. He is looked upon as being the most reliable accountant.
37. Boring for oil, the geologists found an underground lake.
38. When going down a steep hill, drivers have to change down into a lower gear.
39. Reading the novels of Faulkner, you will often come across words which are
seldom used in everyday English.
40. Having talked to him, we were convinced he would help us.
41. Having listened to the complaints of the workers, the director promised a quarterly
bonus.
42. He is busy preparing for tomorrow's performance.
43. The doctor will have you walking in a month.
44. Put in a dark place, a plant loses its green colour.
45. Regarded from this point of view, his suggestion seems to be quite reasonable.
46. Until translated into other languages, the novel was almost unknown.
47. His English being very poor, he can't understand programmes in English.
48. Being pressed for time, we couldn't wait any longer.
49. Being short of money, we decided to postpone our trip abroad.
50. Never having experienced such a situation before, we were at a loss what to do.
51. Not having understood an article on economics at the first reading, I decided to
read it once again.
52. Having been given the necessary information, I went to the platform.
53. Having been badly damaged in the accident, the car had to be towed to a nearby
garage.
54. Being caught in the act of burgling, they were arrested at once.
55. Having been written long ago, the manuscript was illegible.
56. Having been collected by my grandfather, the butterflies looked beautiful under the
glass.
57. Not having been approved of by the majority of the committee, the proposition was
abandoned.
58. Having been offered two interesting jobs, she didn't know which one to accept.
59. Having had too much trouble with his bike, he decided to sell it.
60. Being seriously ill, he had to cancel all his appointments.
61. Hearing a strange noise, we stopped talking.
62. Having lost a lot of money on horses, he gave up betting.
63. If pressed, this button will start the alarm system.
64. These machines are uneconomical unless used frequently.
65. If well explained, this process will be clear even for non-professionals.
66. Those applying for jobs like this need highly developed initiative.
67. Stored properly, mushrooms can be kept for as long as a week.
68. Prepared correctly, fish can be the basis of numerous delicious meals.

106
 PARTICIPLE

69. Given the right treatment, any form of this disease is curable.
70. Despite realizing that they had made a mistake, they did not change their attitude.
71. It being Sunday, all the banks were closed.
72. You should be very careful when working with this tool.
73. Having been dismissed, he started giving private lessons.
74. There being no trees in the yard, the air is not fresh enough.
75. The most beautiful girl having been found, there was no point in going on with the
beauty contest.
76. How can you laugh with your sister lyjng in hospital?
77. Do you expect me to work with your one-year-old daughter around me?
78. Leaning out of the window, I saw a lorry parking in front of the house.
79. Helped by his friends, he rescued the kitten.
80. Though pretending to speak English fluently, he could hardly make himself
understood to the English guests.
81. He sat motionless, listening to the radio.
82. Judging from his behaviour, he hasn't been given a good upbringing.
83. Strictly speaking, you shouldn't smoke outside the refreshment room.
84. Taking all things into consideration, I don't think this should be the issue to be
discussed first.
85. Generally speaking, French women are more dress-conscious than Hungarian
women.
86. Considering his age, he is very talented at playing the piano.
87. The tourists stood on the terrace of the hotel admiring the marvellous view.
88. He came hurrying into the surgery.
89. My note-book lay buried under a pile of books.
90. I saw the forest catching fire and I immediately informed the fire-brigade.
91. I watched the workers emptying the lorry.
92. Don't leave the engine of the car running in a garage.
93. Do you like your eggs boiled or fried?
94. I found myself confronted with unexpected difficulties.
95. Being afraid of reptiles, he didn't dare to touch the lizard.
96. Being sent alone to the shop, the little girl was very happy.
97. The flight to London having been cancelled, I could leave for England only on the
following day.
98. The hurricane, having swept along the coast of Asia, left hundreds of houses
destroyed.
99. Entering the dancing saloon, he was admired by all the teenage girls.
100. Having been operated on for gallstones, she didn't have to worry about the
recurrence of strong pains.
INVERSION

INVERSION
(Inverzi)

Hangslyozs cljbl bizonyos - tbbnyire korltoz vagy negatv rtelm - hatrozkat

vagy hatrozi szerkezeteket a mondat elejre helyeznk, s ezeket az ige krd mondatra
jellemz formja kveti.

A legfontosabb ilyen kiemelt hatrozk:

never, seldom, scarcely, ever, scarcely... when, no sooner... than, in no circumstances, only
then, only in this way, neither, nor, on no account, only when, not only.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Nemcsak hogy hazudott, de mg lopott is.
2. Nemcsak hogy sokig kell stnd a stben, de mg dsztened is kell tlals eltt
petrezselyemmel.
3. Csak mikor a felesge meghalt, jtt r, mit is tett tulajdonkppen.
4. Csak mikor a professzor kijelentette, hogy nem engedi t, fogta fl, hogy sose fog
tmenni anatmibl.
5. Semmi szn alatt nem kerlhetsz kapcsolatba a skinheadekkel!
6. Semmikpp nem emltheted meg neki, hogy mi mr tallkoztunk.
7. Nemcsak hogy a megkrdezsem nlkl klcsnvette a kocsit, de radsul mg
ssze is trte.
8. Soha nem lttam mg ilyen ronda menyasszonyt!
9. Sosem volt mg ilyen cudar a tenger! - mondta Fa Nndor.
10. szre sem vette, hogy tz van, amg meg nem szlalt a riasztcseng.
11. Csak a nagyanyjnl ehetsz ilyen finom somli galuskt.
12. Csak tbb vi prblkozs utn vettk fel a sznmvszetire.
13. Csak nagyon j mikroszkppal ltni ezt a parnyi llatot.
14. Alig bjtunk gyba, amikor belltott a frje.
15. Alighogy befordult a sarkon a Baker Streetre, lettte kt jkp hulign.
16. Alig rkeztem meg Angliba letemben elszr, mris esni kezdett az es.
17. Alighogy a ffelgyel arra krte a vendgeket, hogy ne essenek pnikba,
valamennyien elkezdtek vistozni.
18. Soha tbb nem fogok egy fillr vllalkozi klcsnt felvenni!
19. Annyira meg volt ijedve, hogy nem tudott megszlalni.
20. Alig tudsz valamit a gondjaimrl.
21. Annyira boldog, hogy szinte a levegben repked.
22. Ha n lennk a miniszterelnk, emeltem volna a nyugdjakat.
23. Ha meghalt volna, rtestettk volna a legkzelebbi hozztartozit.
24. Ha netn tallkoznl vele, mondd meg neki, hogy nagy vben kerlje el a hzam
tjt!
25. Ha ne adj' isten megksznn, prblj mosolyogni!

108
 INVERSION
26. Sehol nem tallta a kszb al rejtett kszereit.
27. Egy percre sem hagyta el a lakst, amg nem voltl itthon.
28. Ha elbb szltl volna, figyelmeztethettelek volna.
29. Ha netn mgis gy dntk, hogy elfogadom az llst, al kell rnom ezt a
szerzdst.
30. Itt jn az n szeretett frjemuram!
31. A hztetn ldglt Alenka, hlruhban.
1
32. Ritkn ltni ekkora cpt!
33. Egy lelket se lttam egsz hten.
34. Ritkn jvk ebbe a gusztustalan knai vendglbe.
35. Egyetlenegy utastst sem hajtottk vgre rendesen.
36. Sose volt rzke az ilyen dolgokhoz. - Ht, neked se!
37. Nem fogok frjhez menni, de a hgom se!
38. Se n, se nem emlkezett arra, hogy valaha lttuk volna.
39. Mindenkinek jelen kell lennie, gy neked is.
40. Holnap ilyenkorra nem fogja befejezni s a versenytrsai sem.
41. Nem kell beadnod az adbevallsod, ha nem akarod. A felesgednek sem.
42. Nem tudok citerzni s a testvrem sem tud; soha nem is tudott.
43. Eddig azt a frtelmesen koszos szobdat takartottuk anyukddal egytt.
44. A Liverpooli Egyetemen vgzett, akrcsak a btyja, mindketten 1985-ben.
45. Ha nem mentnk volna frjhez, most vnlny lennk n is, te is.
46. Htlenkedett, mg mieltt elvett volna. - A te urad is.
47. Hatalmas palott fog pteni. A szomszdja is.
48. pp arra akarja rvenni a lnyt, hogy menjen el vele moziba. - John is.
49. Holnap ilyenkor nevetni fogok az egszen s a tbbiek is.
50. Sziasztok! - mondta, s elviharzott.
51. A fik elmentek, de mi ennek egyltaln nem rltnk.
52. A sas addig-addig krztt az ldozata felett, amg meg nem ltta az alkalmas
helyet a lecsapsra.
53. Nem vettem mg vonatjegyet. - n sem.
54. Ha a helyben lennk, soha nem vennk fel ilyen cipt.
55. Nemcsak azt mondta, hogy elvisz a sznhzba, hanem mg azt is, hogy utna
elmegynk vacsorzni.
56. Sehol mshol nem fogsz olyan kedves embereket tallni, mint a Fidzsi-szigeteken.
57. letem sorn ktszer volt szerencsm a lottn.
58. Az idn mr elltettem a fkat. - Mi is.
59. Alighogy elaludt, valaki felbresztette, s azt hitte, hogy egy betr jr a
laksban, pedig csak a testvre volt.
60. Gyerekkoromban sokszor fociztam a tisztson a fikkal.
61. Ha tudtam volna, hogy tnkreteszed a videt, nem krtelek volna meg, hogy vedd
fel nekem a filmet.
62. Semmilyen krlmnyek kztt nem vlaszolnk a krdseire.
63. Alig jtt haza a krhzbl, jra beteg lett s az orvosa visszakldte a
belgygyszatra.
64. Alighogy elkltztek, j emberek jttek a laksba, akik jrafestettk a szobkat.
65. Soha letemben nem lttam mg olyan gynyr hajat, mint amilyen ennek a
kislnynak van.
66. Ezeltt soha ilyen jl nem rtam meg a tesztet a vizsgn, mint most.
67. Csak vletlenl hallottam, hogy mgis kapunk jutalmat.
68. Annyira ideges lett, hogy minden porcikja remegett.
69. Csak a tbbiek beleegyezsvel rhatom al a szerzdst.

109
INVERSION

70. Csak Floridban lttam olyan lettel teli tengerpartot.

71. Alighogy elhagyta a hzat, az azonnal sszeomlott, mint egy krtyavr.
72. Alig rkeztem meg az iskolba, amikor mleni kezdett az es.
73. Nemcsak megoldotta a testvre hzi feladatt, hanem el is ment helyette az
iskolba, ugyanis ikrek voltak.
74. Nemcsak kibortotta a levest a fldre, de mg a levesestlat is elejtette.
75. Annyira boldog volt, amikor John megkrte a kezt, hogy madarat lehetett volna
fogatni vele.
76. Ritkn hallottam olyan buta trtnetet, mint amilyet te talltl ki.
77. Semmikppen sem szabad hozznylnod a stemnyhez, mert az a szletsnapodra
kszlt.
78. Milyen csodlatos, hogy megnyertk ezt az lomszp autt!
79. Figyeljetek! Ott megy Mr. Holiday. Nem kellene figyelmeztetni, hogy elvesztette a
kalapjt?
80. Ha nem lennnek a gyerekek, most nem mennnk el Disney Land-be.
81. Ha mgis megjnne, szlj neki, hogy menjen be a fnkhz.
82. Ha tudtam volna, hogy ez titok, biztos nem mondtam volna el senkinek.
83. Ha t vvel ezeltt megtettem volna, amit meg kellett volna tennem, ma biztos
boldogabb lennk.
84. Ha nem lopta volna el a pnzt, ma nem lne brtnben.
85. ppenhogy befejezte a mosogatst, amikor a vendgek megrkeztek.
86. Csak ksbb dbbent r, hogy milyen ' rossz vlaszokat rt a trtnelem
dolgozatban.
87. Semmilyen krlmnyek kztt sem szabad idegen embereket beengedni a laksba,
mert akr rabl, legrosszabb esetben gyilkos is lehet.
88. Brcsak itt lenne Pter, megoldan a problmmat!
89. Ha megkrdezett volna, szintn megmondtam volna a vlemnyemet.
90. Ha megkrt volna, elmentem volna vele kirndulni a hegyekbe, vagy akr a
Balatonra is.
91. Brcsak gazdag lennk! Vennk egy nagyobb lakst s egy autt.
92. Ha ti is rszt vettetek volna a bankrablsban, most ti is a brtnben pihenntek.
93. Ha hamarabb megmondtad volna a krdseket, lett volna idm vlaszolni.

Megoldsok
1. Not only did he tell a lie but he also committed a theft.
2. Not only do you have to bake it in the oven for a long time but you even have to
garnish it with parsley before serving.
3. Only when his wife died did he realize what he had actually done.
4. Only when the professor declared that he wouldn't pass him did he comprehend
that he would never succeed in passing the exam in anatomy.
5. In no circumstances can you have anything to do with skinheads!
6. On no account can you mention to him that we have met before.
7. Not only had he borrowed my car without asking me but, on top of all that, he
crashed it as well.
8. Never have I seen such an ugly bride!
9. Never has the sea been so rough -, said Fa Nndor.
10. Not until the alarm bell rang did he realize that there was a fire.
11. Only at her grandma's can you eat such a delicious Soml sponge cake.

110
 INVERSION

12. Only after years of trying was he accepted to the Academy of Film and Theatrical
Arts.
13. Only with the help of a very strong microscope can this minute animal be seen.
14. Hardly had we slipped into bed when her husband turned up.
15. No sooner had he turned the corner into Baker Street than he was knocked down by
two good-looking hooligans.
16. Scarcely had I arrived in England for the first time in my life when it started to rain.
17. Barely had the superintendant asked the guests not to panic when all of them
started screaming.
18. Never again will I take out even a penny on a business loan!
19. So frightened was he that he couldn't utter a word.
20. Little do you know about my problems.
21. So happy is she that she walks on air.
22. Were I the Prime Minister, I would have raised pensions.
23. Had he died, his closest relatives would have been informed.
24. Should you meet him, tell him to give the neighbourhood of my house a wide
berth.
25. Should he thank you for it, try to smile.
26. Nowhere could she find her jewels hidden under the threshold.
27. At no time did he leave the flat while you were away.
28. Had you mentioned it earlier, I could have warned you.
29. Should I decide to accept this job, I must sign this contract.
30. Here comes my beloved husband.
31. On the top of the roof was Alenka sitting in her night-dress.
32. Rarely can you see such a big shark.
33. Not a soul have I seen all week.
34. Rarely / Seldom do I come into this disgusting Chinese restaurant.
35. Not a single order of his was/has been carried out properly.
36. He has never had any feeling/intuition for things like this. - Well, neither have you!
37. I won't get married, but neither will my younger sister.
38. Neither he nor I remembered ever having seen him.
39. Everybody must be present, and so must you.
40. He won't have finished it by this time tomorrow and neither will his competitors.
41. You don't have to submit your tax declaration if you don't want to. - Neither does
your wife.
42. I can't play the zither and neither can my brother; he has never been able to.
43. We have been cleaning that abominably dirty room of yours and so has your
mother.
44. He graduated from the University of Liverpool and so did his brother, both in 1985.
45. Had we not got married, I would be a spinster and so would you.
46. He had been unfaithful before he married you. - So had your, husband.
47. He is going to build an enormous palace. So is his neighbour.
48. He is just trying to persuade the girl to go to the cinema with him. - So is John.
49. This time tomorrow I will be laughing at all this and so will the others.
50. Bye!, he said and stormed off.
51. The boys left but we were not a bit happy about it.
52. Round and round flew the eagle above his victim until he found the best place to
pounce down upon it.
53. I haven't bought a ticket for the train yet. - Neither have I.
54. If I were him, never would I wear such shoes.

Ill
INVERSION

55. Not only did he say that he would take me to the theatre but also that we would go
for dinner afterwards.
56. Nowhere else will you find such friendly people as in the Fiji Islands.
57. Twice in my life have I had luck in the lottery.
58. This year I have already planted the trees. So have we.
59. No sooner had he fallen asleep than he was woken up by somebody. He thought
there was a burglar in the flat although it was only his brother.
60. Many a time did I play football with the boys in the clearing.
61. Had I known that you would break the video recorder, I wouldn't have asked you to
record the film for me.
62. Under/In no circumstances would I answer his questions.
63. Hardly had he come home from the hospital when he fell ill again and his doctor
sent him back to the department for internal diseases.
64. No sooner had they moved out than new people arrived and had the flat painted
again.
65. Never in my life have I seen such beautiful hair as that of this little girl.
66. Never before have I done the test paper in the exam as well as now.
67. Only by chance did I hear that we shall receive a bonus.
68. So nervous did he become that he was trembling all over.
69. Only with the consent of the others can I sign the contract.
70. Only in Florida did I see such a lively seaside.
71. Hardly had he left the house when it collapsed like a house of cards.
72. Hardly had I arrived at the school when it started to pour with rain.
73. Not only did he do his brother's homework but also went to school for him since
they were twins.
74. Not only did she pour the soup on the floor but she also dropped the soup-tureen.
75. As happy as a lark was she when John proposed marriage to her.
76. Rarely have I heard such a silly a story as the one you have made up.
77. By no means may you touch the cake, because it was made for your birthday.
78. Isn't it nice for us to have won this wonderful car!
79. Look! There goes Mr. Holiday. Shouldn't we warn him that he has lost his hat?
80. Were it not for the children, we wouldn't be going to Disney Land now.
81. Should he come, tell him the boss wants to see him.
82. Had I known that it was a secret, I surely wouldn't have told it to anyone.
83. Had I done what I should have done five years ago, I would surely be happier
today.
84. Had he not stolen the money, he wouldn't be in prison now.
85. Hardly had she finished the washing up*when the guests arrived.
86. Only later did he realize what bad answers he had written in his history test paper.
87. Under/In no circumstances can strangers be let into the flat because they may be
burglars or, in the worst possible case, even murderers.
88. Were Peter here, he would solve my problem.
89. Had he asked me, I would have told him my opinion honestly.
90. Had he asked me, I would have gone with him on a trip to the mountains or even to
Lake Balaton.
91. Were I rich, I would buy a larger flat and a car.
92. Had you also participated in the bank robbery, you too would be having a rest in
prison.
93. Had you told me the questions earlier, I would have had time to answer them.

112
 EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

EMBEDDED QUESTIONS
("Mit gondolsz,..." - krdsek)

A krds tpusnak lnyege a hangslyozott krdsz mondat elejre helyezse. Az ezt

kvet fmondat utn a mellkmondat zr rsze a kijelent mondat szrendjt kveti.

1. Mit gondolsz, hny ves vagyok?

2. Mit gondolsz, milyen gyakran mennek moziba?

1. How old do you think I am?

2. How often do you think they go to the cinema?

A mai angolban gyakran megfigyelhet ennek egyszerstett vltozata:

Who is our new boss, do you think?

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Mit gondolsz, hny ves Elizabeth Taylor?
2. Mit mondott a hgod, mikor megy frjhez?
3. Mit gondolsz, ki vagy te?!
4. Mit javasolt anyd, hov menjnk nsztra?
5. Mit gondol a fnkd, ki lpett meg a pnzzel?
6. Mit gondoltok, hny idegen nyelvet beszl a vilgrekorder brazil frfi?
7. Mit gondolt a rendrfnk, kicsoda Mr. Brown?
8. Mit gondoltok, fik, mirt vette azt a revolvert?
9. Mit gondolsz, mit vegyek a frjem szlinapjra?
10. Kire gondolt, hogy esetleg segteni tudna neki?
11. Mit is mondott, hol szletett?
12. Mit tancsolt az elnk, mit csinljunk?
13. Mit mondott Joe, hol volt tavaly nyaralni?
14. Mit gondolsz, hnyszor bosszanthatsz fel egy nap?!>
15. Mit gondol, Jones professzor, hny ezer ves ez a kultra?
16. Mit gondolnak a szleid, milyen gyakran tallkozunk?
17. Mit gondolsz, milyen sokig fog tartani a hajt Indiba?
18. Mit gondolsz, hol rejtette el az igazgyngykkel teli kszeresldikjt?
19. Kvncsi vagyok, Zsuzsi szerint mikor kapunk ebdjegyeket.
20. Mit gondolsz, mirt olyan elnz a kisebbik lnyval?
21. Mit gondolsz, hny bartod lesz, ha tovbbra is gy viselkedsz?
22. Mit gondoltok, ki a legtehetsgesebb zeneszerz?
23. Mit gondolsz, hogyan tudja befolysolni a dntshozatalt?
24. Mit gondolsz, hol kellene strat vernnk, hogy senki ne zavarjon?
25. Mit gondolsz, mi lesz az els szava, ha betoppan?
26. Mit gondolsz, mirt vettk rizetbe ezt a feddhetetlen jellem frfit?

113
EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

27. Mit gondolsz, mikor kell majd kpesnek lennnk arra, hogy angolul folytassunk le
trgyalsokat?
28. Mit gondolsz, mirt telefonlhatott ilyen ksn?
29. Mirt gondolja, hogy n nem fordthattam le a cikket?
30. Mit mondott, melyik vgnyrl indul a vonatom?
31. Mit mondott, mikor plt a hza?
32. Mit mondott, ki tmadta meg a lnyt?

Megoldsok
1. How old do you think Elizabeth Taylor is?
2. When did your sister say she would get married?
3. Who do you think you are?!
4. Where did your mum suggest we should spend our honeymoon?
5. Who does your boss think walked off with the cash?
6. How many foreign languages do you think the Brazilian man who holds the world
record speaks?
7. Who did the chief constable think Mr. Brown was?
8. Guys, why do you think he has bought that revolver?
9. What do you think I should buy for my husband's birthday?
10. Who did he think could help him?
11. Where did she say she was born?
12. What did the president recommend we should do?
13. Where did Joe say he had spent his summer holiday the year before?
14. How many times a day do you think you can annoy me?
15. How many thousand years old do you think this culture is, Professor Jones?
16. How often do your parents think we meet?
17. How long do you think the voyage to India will last?
18. Where do you think he has hidden his chest full of jewels?
19. I wonder when Suzy thinks we will be given lunch vouchers.
20. Why do you think he is so lenient towards his younger daughter?
21. How many friends do you think you will have if you go on behaving like this?
22. Who do you think the most talented composer is?
23. How do you think he can influence decision-making?
24. Where do you think we should put up our tent so as not to be disturbed by
anybody?
25. What do you think his first word will be on entering?
26. Why do you think this unimpeachable man has been taken into custody?
27. When do you think we shall have to be able to negotiate in English?
28. Why do you think he could have telephoned so late?
29. Why does he think I couldn't have translated the article?
30. Which platform did you say my train leaves from?
31. When did he say his house had been built?
32. Who did he say had attacked his daughter?

114
 RELATIVE CLAUSES

RELATIVE CLAUSES

A vonatkoz mellkmondatok ktszavai a krd nvmsok, valamint a "that" nvms. A

vonatkoz nvms az utn a sz utn ll, amelyre vonatkozik.
A "who(m)" szemlyekre, a "which" dolgokra vonatkozik. Mindkett helyettesthet a "that"
nvmssal, ha a mellkmondat korltoz rtelm.
A "that" nvms hasznland a kvetkezk utn: the only, some, all, every, any, something,
anything, everything, nothing, felsfok mellknevek, sorszmnevek, it is/was.
A "what" nvms nem vonatkoztathat a fmondat egy szavra: jelentse "az(t), ami(t)...".
A vonatkoz nvms trgyi s prepozcival kezdd mellkmondat esetn elhagyhat.

Prepozcival kezdd vonatkozi mellkmondat varicis lehetsgei:

1. This is the house IN WHICH my friend lives.

2. This is the house THAT my friend lives IN.
3. This is the house my friend lives IN.

Az elhagyhatsg esetei:

1. Alanyi mellkmondat:

The boy (who is) standing at the corner is my friend.

2. Trgyi mellkmondat:

The man (who(m)) I love will marry me one day.

3. Prepozcis mellkmondat:

The teacher for whom you are waiting is ill today.

= The teacher you're waiting for is ill today.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Hozd ide azt a knyvet, amit levettl a polcrl, s a msikat is, amit a kosaradba
tettl!
2. A kutya, amely a szomszd kertjben ugat, nagyon haraps.
3. vakodj attl az embertl, aki az utcn csokoldval knl!
4. Az a csapat, amelyik a mlt hten kikapott az ellenfeltl, ma flnyes gyzelmet
aratott.
5. A nvre, aki Spanyolorszgban l, minden vben meghvja a karcsonyi
nnepekre.
6. Abban a gyrban dolgozik mr vek ta, amelyet a kzeljvben privatizlni
fognak.

115
RELATIVE CLAUSES

7. Itt van a szobban az a lny, akibe szerelmes vagyok.

8. A tloldalon megy az a volt szomszdom, aki szombatonknt bulit rendezett.
9. Arrl az jsgcikkrl beszlek, ami tegnap jelent meg egy orszgos napilapunkban.
10. A madrkalitkban megtalltk azt a kst, amivel Pter meglte a
szllodatulajdonost.
11. Mirt vettl olyan ruht, aminek a fl ujja hinyzik?
12. Ken soha nem ismeri be a bnt, ami engem rettenten idegest.
13. A gyerekek fel sem fogtk, amit mondtam.
14. Paradicsom volt, amivel ldztk a jrkelket.
15. Teljesen megdbbentem attl, amit az jsgban olvastam a gyerekgyilkossgokrl.
16. A hz, ahol a nagyszleim lnek, mg soha nem volt tatarozva.
17. A csald, akiknl gyermekfelgyelknt dolgozott, minden vben kld neki
csomagot.
18. Nem az szmt, amennyit keresel, hanem amire kltd.
19. Nagyon haragszom r, mert a bartomat dobta meg kvel.
20. A kosrlabdz lnyokon csak egy pl s egy sort van.
21. Mirt kell mindig az ellenkezjt lltani annak, amit n mondok?
22. Szeretnd megismerni azt a lnyt, akivel Bob tegnap tncolt?
23. Azt a knyvet viheted el, amelyiket csak akarod.
24. A frfirl, akivel egy flkben utaztam, kiderlt, hogy veszlyes bnz.
25. Ez az a hz, amelynek az ablakait sohasem vegezik be.
26. A bartom, akinek a menyasszonya elszktt egy zensszel, nem hajland egy blra
sem eljnni.
27. A sztrjk, amit a replgpszerelk kezdemnyeztek, nem a legszerencssebben rt
vget.
28. Caroline apja, akivel tegnap sszevesztem, azt mondta, hogy Caroline nem jhet el
velem moziba.
29. A butikban felprbltam ngy kalapot is, s egyik sem llt jl.
30. Nancynek hrom testvre van, s mind bevonult katonnak.
31. Az a n, akitl a szabadidruht vettem, be akart csapni szz forinttal.
32. Az az v, melyben szlettl, bvelkedett politikai esemnyekben.
33. A kapitny volt az utols ember, aki elhagyta a sllyed hajt.
34. Martin, akinek a hzba betrtek, azt hitte, hogy minden rtkt elvittk, ami csak a
pnclszekrnyben volt.
35. Mr. White, akinek mr 25 ve dolgozom, kt hete ki akar tenni a vllalattl.
36. A festmny, amelynek rtke felbecslhetetlen, vegfal mgtt lg a Nemzeti
Galriban.
37. Elmondhatta volna neked mindazt, amit mr az egsz osztly tud: viszonyt az
igazgat titkrnjvel.
38. A sznsznk, akik mindketten plyztak a fszerepre, egymst csroltk a msik
hta mgtt.
39. A gyerekek, akiknek mindegyike krt mg egy stemnyt, minden morzst a
sznyegre szrtak.
40. Azrt nem ltogatott meg, mert nem kedveli a frjem modort.
41. Megdbbentett, aminek tegnap este tani voltunk.
42. A kunyh, ahol a szkevnyek meghzdtak, az ldzk fklyitl hamar lngra
lobbant.
43. A padlsra vezet ltrt a csintalan gyerekek elvittk a pincbe.
44. Azt mondta, hogy sohasem fogok frjhez menni, s ez nagyon durva volt tle.
45. Az reg hlgy, akit minden nap polnia kell, egyre rigolysabb lesz.
46. Engedetlensged, amit hetek ta trnnk kell, most mr hatrtalan.

116
 RELATIVE CLAUSES

47. A windsori erd, melyen keresztl lvezetes stt tettnk, trtnelmi mlt vidk.
48. Meg fogom tallni a legszebb paript, akrhol legyen is.
49. Mindenhol ltni a vlasztsi kampny plaktjait, akrhova megyek.
50. Odaadta nekem a nyri ruhjt, amit maga varrt.
51. sszegyjtttem a blyegeket, melyek kzl tnek volt valami hibja.
52. Meghvta az osztlytrsait tbortzre, akik kzl kevesen hoztak szalonnt vagy
hagymt.
53. A taxik, melyeknek sofrjei lmosan stoztak, hossz sorban vrtak utasaikra.
54. Tallkoztam a cserkszekkel, akik kzl tbben a rokonsgom tagjai voltak.
55. A trtnet egy hamiskrtysrl szl, akinek a ruhaujja tele van cinkelt lapokkal.
56. Igen nagy merszsg volt olyan autval menned, melynek a kzifke egyltaln
nem mkdtt.
57. Anym volt az, aki prtomat fogta a knos esemnyek idejn.
58. Biciklin mentnk a vroshoz kzeli szabadid-kzpontba.

Megoldsok
*

1. Bring the book (that) you took off the shelf and the other one as well (that) you put
into your basket.
2. The dog (which/that is) barking in the garden of the neighbour tends to bite
everybody.
3. Beware of the man who/that offers you chocolate in the street.
4. The team that was defeated last week has won today hands down.
5. His sister, who lives in Spain, invites him every year for the Christmas holidays.
6. For years he has been working in the factory that/which is going to be privatised in
the near future.
7. The girl I'm in love with is here in the room.
8. The ex-neighbour of mine who organised parties every Saturday is walking on the
other side of the street.
9. I'm talking about the article that was published yesterday in a national daily of ours.
10. The knife Peter stabbed the hotel owner with has been found in the bird-cage.
11. Why did you buy a dress that has a sleeve missing?
12. Ken never admits his mistakes, which annoys me a lot.
13. The children didn't even catch what I said.
14. It was tomatoes (that) they were throwing at the passers-by.
15. I was absolutely astonished at what I read in the paper about murdering children.
16. The house (that) my grandparents live in / The house where my grandparents live
has never been renovated.
17. The family she worked for/for whom she worked as a baby-sitter send/sends her a
parcel every year.
18. It's not how much you earn that counts but what you spend it on.
19. I'm very angry with him because it was my friend (that/whom) he threw a stone at.
20. The girls who are playing basketball are wearing only T-shirts and shorts.
21. Why do you always have to say the opposite of what I say?
22. Would you like to get to know the girl Bob danced with yesterday?
23. You can take whichever book you want to.
24. The man I was travelling with in the same compartment turned out to be a
dangerous criminal.
25. This is the house whose windows are never glazed.
26. My friend, whose fiancee eloped with a musician, won't come to any ball.

117
RELATIVE CLAUSES

27. The strike, (which was) initiated by the aeroplane technicians, didn't end in the best
possible way.
28. Caroline's father, who(m) I picked a quarrel with yesterday, said that she couldn't
come to the cinema with me.
29. In the shop I tried on as many as four hats, none of which suited me.
30. Nancy has three brothers, all of whom joined the army.
31. The woman I bought the jogging suit from wanted to swindle me of a hundred
forints.
32. The year you were born in abounded in political events.
33. The captain was the last man who left the sinking ship.
34. Martin, whose house had been broken into, thought that all the valuables kept in
the safe had been stolen.
35. Mr. White, for whom I have been working for 25 years, has wanted to dismiss me
from the company since two weeks ago.
36. The painting, which is priceless, is hanging behind a glass wall in the National
Gallery.
37. He could have told you everything that the whole department knows already: his
affair with the director's secretary.
38. The actresses, both of whom wanted to get the leading role, belittled each other
behind the other's back.
39. The children, each of whom asked for one more cake, let all crumbs fall on the
carpet.
40. The reason why he didn't visit me is that he doesn't like my husband's manners.
41. What we witnessed last night astonished us.
42. The hut where the runaways were hiding burst into flame from the torches of the
pursuers.
43. The naughty children took the ladder which/that led to the loft into the cellar.
44. He said I would never get married, which was very rude of him.
45. The elderly lady whom she has to look after every day is getting more and more
whimsical.
46. Your disobedience, which we have had to put up with for weeks, is now beyond
limits.
47. Windsor Forest, through which we took an enjoyable walk, is a region with a
historic past.
4 8 . 1 will find the most beautiful horse, wherever it may be.
49. The election campaign posters can be seen everywhere/wherever I go.
50. She gave me her summer dress, which she sewed herself.
51.1 collected the stamps, five of which had some defects.
52. He invited his class-mates to a camp-fire, few of whom brought bacon or onions.
53. The taxis, the drivers of which were yawning sleepily, waited for their passengers
in a long queue.
54. I met the boy-scouts, several of whom were relatives of mine.
55. The story is about a card-sharper, whose sleeve was full of marked cards.
56. Driving a car whose handbrake was completely out of order was a very reckless
thing for you to do.
57. It was my mother who backed me up at the time of the awkward events.
58. It was by bike that we went to the recreation centre near the town.

118
PLURAL F O R M S NOUNS

PART TWO

NOUNS

PLURAL FORMS

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Tegnap adta hrl a rdi, hogy jbl sznyogok rasztottk el Afrika kzps
rszt.
2. A halszl akkor igazn finom, ha klnbz fajta halakbl kszl.
3. A fizikus jonnan fellltott hipotzisei sorra megdltek.
4. Klnleges kaktuszokat talltam tegnap abban a katalgusban, amit egy klfldi
cg kldtt.
5. Az letrajzokat hrom hten bell le kell adni a tanulmnyi osztlyra.
6. Hallottl mr azokrl a nkrl, akik billirdozni szoktak a hts teremben?
7. A rendrsg felttelezi, hogy a mostani gyilkossg elkvetje azonos a legutbbi
eset gyilkosval.
8. A vadsztrsasgnak ma nagyon szerencss napja volt, hiszen tz szarvast lttek.
9. A htralkot legksbb janur 10-ig be kell fizetni.
10. Egyre tbb a nyomornegyed Los Angeles klvrosban.
11. Fej vagy rs alapon dntttk el, ki mosogasson el.
12. A keresete igen magas a beosztshoz kpest.
13. A fizikatudsa nagyon gyenge ahhoz, hogy felvegyk az orvosi egyetemre.
14. A felesgek fel voltak hborodva azon, hogy a frjek jfl utn trtek haza.
15. A tmegtjkoztatsi eszkzk prtatlansgt minden rendszerben biztostani kell.
16. Az anysok mindig kivl vicctmul szolgltak a komikusok szmra.
17. A kibucokban mindenkinek ki kell vennie a rszt a munkbl.
18. j jelensgeknek lehetnk tani a gyorsan fejld elektronika terletn.
19. A szoprnok lljanak az nekkar els sorba.
20. Dl-Amerika fennskjairl csodlatos kilts nylik.
21. A legjabb adatok elemzsei kismrtk termelsnvekedst mutattak ki.
22. Az iskola valamennyi egykori dikja sszegylt a centenrium napjn.
23. A tolvajok siettkben kseket hasznltak foguk tiszttsra.
24. A hsk klntmnyei kiszabadtottk a ngereket, akik krumplikat s
paradicsomokat adtak nekik.
25. Kt hszves lny elhatrozta, hogy autstoppal beutazza Nmetorszgot.
26. A megkrdezett jrkelk egyike sem tudott a tenger fenekn tallt hadihajkrl.

119
NOUNS PLURAL FORMS

27. Tetvek az gyban, egerek a fldn - ez volt a brtnlet.

28. Drga felebartaim! Ne hagyjtok kreiteket a szomszd szntfldjn legelni!
29. sszektzte a libk lbait, hogy ne tudjanak mozogni a kosrban, amg a piacra
nem ,r velk.
30. Az az sszes birka a mi csaldunk gyerekeinek az rksge lesz.
31. Amikor az llatkertben voltam, harminc klnbz fajta madarat lttam, de kzben
a legyek is llandan bosszantottak.
32. A trsadalmi rtegeket tisztn krlhatrolt kritriumok alapjn klntik el.
33. Az orvosnk nehz letet lnek, melynek kt tengelye a magnlet s a megerltet
hivats.
34. Szeretnm klcsnkrni az olldat, mert az enym nem elg les.
35. Mindenkppen taxival kell mennem. t mrfld tl hossz ahhoz, hogy gyalog
menjek haza.
36. Skcia minden kosrmeccst elvesztette ebben az vben.
37. Milyen j lenne, ha segtksz trpk kicserlnk azt az reg btort anym
hlszobjban!
38. Fiatal kora ellenre van nhny sz hajszla.
39. A klfldi csatornk hradja sokkal hosszabbnak tnik, mint a magyar
megfelelje.
40. Rgen egylovas szekerek jrtak a vrosokban, de ma mr buszok helyettestik ket.
41. A brnyhiml kellemetlen gyermekbetegsg, de dominkkal jtszva el lehet
tlteni az idt.
42. Micsoda modora van nmely tudsnak!
43. A levltr vknyvei nem vihetk az egyetem terletn tlra.
44. A tehets csaldoknl frfiszolgk hada vgezte a munkkat a hz krl.
45. Ezek a semmirekellk letrtk az sszes nefelejcsemet.

Megoldsok
1. The radio announced yesterday that the central part of Africa has again been
invaded by mosquitoes.
2. Fish soup is really delicious when it is cooked from different fishes.
3. One after the other the newly devised hypotheses of the physicist have proved false.
4. Yesterday I found peculiar cactuses/cacti in the catalogue sent by a firm from
abroad.
5. The curriculum vitaes (CV's) are to be submitted at the Study Department.
6. Have you heard about the women yet who always play billiards in the back room?
7. The police suppose that the murderer in this case also committed the last crime.
8. The hunt had a lucky day today since they shot as many as ten deer.
9. Arrears are to be paid by 10th January at the latest.
10. There are more and more slums in the outskirts of Los Angeles.
11. We decided on who should do the washing up on the basis of heads or tails.
12. Compared to his position, his earnings are very high.
> 13. His knowledge of physics is too poor for him to be admitted to the University of
Medicine.
14. The wives were indignant at their husbands returning home after midnight.
15. Impartiality on the part of the mass media must be ensured in all social systems.
16. Mothers-in-law have always served comedians as a good subject for jokes.
17. In the kibutzim everyone must do his or her share of the work.
18. We can witness new phenomena in the fast developing field of electronics.
19. Sopranos should stand in the front row of the choir.

120
PLURAL FORMS NOUNS
20. A fascinating view can be seen from the plateaux of South America.
21. Analyses of the latest data indicated a slight increase in production.
22. All the alumni of the school gathered together on the day of the hundredth
anniversary.
23. Being in a hurry, the thieves used knives to clean their teeth.
24. The commandos of the heroes rescued the Negroes, who gave them pqtatoes and
tomatoes.
25. Two twenty-year-old girls decided to travel around Germany hitch-hiking.
26. None of the passers-by asked knew anything about the men-of-war found at the
bottom of the sea.
27. Lice in the bed, mice on the floor - this was life in prison.
28. My dear brethren! Don't let your oxen graze in your neighbours' plough-land!
29. He fastened the feet of the geese so that they couldn't move in the basket until he
got to market with them.
30. All those sheep will be the inheritance of the children in our family.
31. When I was at the zoo I saw thirty species of birds, however, the flies annoyed me
all the time.
32. Social strata are separated according to clearly defined criteria.
33. Women doctors lead difficult lives, the two axles of which are their private lives
and their demanding profession.
34. I'd like to borrow your scissors because mine are not sharp enough.
35.1 definitely must take a taxi. Five miles is too far for me to walk home.
36. Scotland have lost all their basketball matches this year.
37. How good it would be if helpful dwarfs replaced that old furniture in my mother's
bedroom!
38. In spite of his young age he has some grey hairs.
39. The news on foreign channels seems to be much longer than its Hungarian
equivalent.
40. Once upon a time flys used to run in cities but now they are substituted by buses.
41. Measles is an unpleasant children's disease but one can pass the time playing with
dominoes.
42. What manners some men of letters can have!
43. The annals of the archives cannot be taken outside campus premises.
44. In well-to-do families a host of menservants performed the jobs around the house.
45. These good-for-nothings have broken off all my forget-me-nots.

121
ARTICLES THE DEFINITE A R T I C L E

ARTICLES

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
Fldrajzi nevek, ahol hasznlni kell a hatrozott nvelt.
1. Koppenhga a fvrosa Hollandinak?
2. Az ENSZ-csapatokat kivontk Szudnbl.
3. A Egyeslt Kirlysg rszei Anglia, Skcia, Wales s szak-rorszg, de az r
Kztrsasg fggetlen orszg.
4. Lvia minden vben az osztrk Alpokba megy selni.
5. A Dunnak az a szerepe Eurpban, hogy kapocs legyen az orszgok kztt.
6. "Manchester, Anglia ott tl az Atlanti-cenon..."
7. Mikor nyitottk meg a Szuezi-csatornt?
8. Jobban szeretem a Fekete-tengert, mint a Fldkzi-tengert.
9. A Marshall-szigetek a Csendes-cenon vannak?
10. A frjem azt javasolta, hogy a Szikls-hegysgben tltsk a szabadsgunkat.

Megoldsok
1. Is the Hague the capital of the Netherlands?
2. UN troops have been withdrawn from the Sudan.
3. The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland,
but the Republic of Ireland is an independent country.
4. Livia goes skiing in the Austrian Alps every year.
5. The role of the Danube in Europe is to serve as a link between countries.
6. "Manchester, England, England, across the Atlantic Sea..."(Hair).
7. When was the Suez Canal opened?
8. I prefer the Black Sea to the Mediterranean.
9. Are the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean?
10. My husband suggested that we should spend our holiday in the Rocky Mountains.

Egyb esetek
11. Bristol fontos kiktvros Anglia dli rszn.
12. Csak ht rt tltttnk Londonban, gy nem volt idnk megnzni a londoni
Towert.
13. Bili Clinton nagy remnyekkel kltztt a Fehr Hzba.
14. A Gobi-sivatag rszben Knban, rszben Mongliban terl el.
15. A Kzel-Kelet mindig zavargsoktl dlt vidk volt.
16. Ltnod kell a Tate Galria nagyszer festmnyeit.
17. Valban rosszul fznek a szkesfehrvri Magyar kirly tteremben?
18. Nhny vvel ezeltt a Pe.nta megkapta "A legjobb magyar szlloda" cmet.
19. "A vadszhoz" cmzett fogad a kedvenc helyem volt Bathban.

122
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ARTICLES
20. A The Sun Anglia legnpszerbb bulvrlapja.
21. Egy kiss divat: mg mindig a Beatles a kedvenc egyttese.
22. A Bank of England valsznleg a legrgibb bank Angliban.
23. Vetti mg a Kztrsasg mozi a Termintort?
24. Szerintem a Vrsmarty Sznhz nem tartozik az orszg legszebb sznhzai kz.
25. Petfi mg csak nem is volt a Nemzeti Mzeum kertjben 1848. mrcius 15-n.

Megoldsok
11. Bristol is a major port in the south of England.
12. We spent only seven hours in London so we didn't have time to visit the Tower of
London.
13. Bill Clinton moved into the White House with great expectations.
14. The Gobi Desert lies partly in China, partly in Mongolia.
15. The Middle East has always been a turbulent region.
16. You must see the magnificent paintings of the Tate Gallery.
17. Is the food really terrible at the "Hungarian King" Restaurant in Szkesfehrvr?
18. "The Penta" was given the title of "The Best Hotel of Hungary" a few years ago.
19. "The Huntsman" was my favourite pub in Bath.
20. The Sun is Britain's most popular tabloid.
21. She's a bit old-fashioned, her favourite rock band is still the Beatles.
22. The Bank of England is probably the oldest bank in England.
23. Is "The Terminator" still on at the Kztrsasg cinema?
24. I don't think the Vrsmarty Theatre is one of the country's most beautiful theatres.
25. Petfi wasn't even in the garden of the National Museum on 15th March, 1848.

Fldrajzi nevek, ahol a hatrozott nvel elmarad

1. orszgnevek: A kzeljvben vrhatan Ausztria, Norvgia s Finnorszg lesznek
az EGK tagllamai. (A fordtst lsd ksbb)
2. kontinensek nevei: Magyarorszg Eurpban vagy Afrikban van? - krdezte a
francia lny.
3. vrosnv: lltlag Toki a vilg legdrgbb vrosa.
4. falunv: Gretna Green csupn egy kis falucska valahol Skciban.
5. egy bizonyos sziget neve: Az olaszok Sziclit a maffia szigetnek hvjk.
6. egy adott hegy neve: A Mont Blanc Franciaorszgban van vagy Olaszorszgban?
7. t neve: A Loch Ness vtizedek ta Skcia egyik legltogatottabb vidke.
8. utcanv: Jvre John Major nem fog a Downing Streeten lakni.
9. tr neve: Kinek a szobra lthat a Trafalgar tren?
10. valakirl/valamirl elnevezett t: A Barrett csald valaha a London Road East
vgn lakott.
11. valakirl/valamirl elnevezett szlloda: gy tnik, a Claridges-ben lehet a
legolcsbban megszllni ebben a vrosban.
12. valakirl/valamirl elnevezett bank: A Nat West Banknak minden fbb vrosban
vannak kifizethelyei.
13. valakirl/valamirl elnevezett zlet: Ha valami j szoknyt akarsz venni, Miss
Selfridgeshez kell menned.
14. valakirl/valamirl elnevezett tterem: Ki nem llhatom a McDonald's-ban
felszolglt vacak telt.
15. szentrl elnevezett templom: A btym a Szent Jnos templomban akar eskdni.
16. replterek: Milyen messze van a Ferihegyi repltr a belvrostl?

123
ARTICLES THE D E F I N I T E A R T I C L E

17. palotk: Tavaly a kirlyn gy dnttt, hogy megnyitja a Buckingham Palott a

turistk eltt.
18. kastlyok: Azt hiszem, az Edinburgh-i vr nem Skcia legrgibb erdtmnye.
19. egyetemek: 1989-ben vgzett a bathi egyetemen.
20. rgik: risi a klnbsg Eszak-s Dl-Olaszorszg gazdasgi helyzete kztt.
21. A volt NDK-bl rengetegen tltttk szabadsgukat a Balatonnl az 1980-as
vekben.
22. Hol a csudban van Trafalgar kiktje? Nem tallom a trkpen.
23. Sajnos nem engedhetem meg magamnak, hogy nappali hallgat legyek a Bath-i
Tovbbkpz Fiskoln.

Megoldsok
1. Austria, Norway and Finland are expected to become members of the EEC in the
near future.
2. "Is Hungary in Europe or in Africa?" - asked the French girl.
3. Tokyo is alleged to be the most expensive city in the world.
4. Gretna Green is only a small village somewhere in Scotland.
5. Italians call Sicily "the Mafia Island".
6. Is Mont Blanc in France or in Italy?
7. Loch Ness has been one of the most visited parts of Scotland for decades.
8. John Major won't be living in Downing Street next year.
9. Whose statue can be seen in Trafalgar Square?
10. The Barrett family used to live at the end of London Road East.
11. Claridges seems to provide the cheapest accomodation in this town.
12. NatWest Bank has cash-dispensers in.every major town.
13. If you want to buy some new skirt, you have to go to Miss Selfridges.
14. I hate the junk food served at McDonald's.
15. My brother intends to have his wedding at St.John's Church.
16. How far is Ferihegy airport from the centre of town?
17. Last year the Queen decided to open Buckingham Palace to tourists.
18. I don't think Edinburgh Castle is the oldest one in Scotland.
19. He graduated from Bath University in 1989.
20. There is a huge difference between the economic conditions of Southern and
Northern Italy.
21. Lots of people from the former GDR spent their holidays at Lake Balaton in the
1980's.
22. Where on earth is Cape Trafalgar? I cannot find it on the map.
23. I'm afraid I can't afford to be a full-time student at Bath College of Further
Education.

Ms esetek, amikor a hatrozott nvel hasznlata ktelez

a. Osztlyt jell fnevek eltt:
1. A vadszleoprd a macskk csaldjba tartozik. (A megoldst lsd ksbb)
2. Az aut, amit tegnap lttam, Freddie.
b. Ha valamibl egy van:
3. Kopernikusz eltt az emberek gy hittk, hogy a Nap forog a Fld krl.
4. Gagarin lpett elszr a Holdra?
c. Testrszek nevei eltt:
5. Elszr fordult el, hogy apja vllon veregette.

124
THE DEFINITE A R T I C L E ARTICLES
6. Kennedy elnkt a kezn s a htn is lvs rte.
7. Egy nmagt neoncinak tart szemly combon szrta a hres politikust.
d. Sorszmnevek eltt:
8. volt az els osztrk sznsz, aki Oscar-djas filmben valaha is jtszott.
9. Ez az utols alkalom, hogy elnzem a hibdat!
e. A "the same" kifejezsben:
10. A te mondataid pontosan olyanok, mint az enymek!
f. A "the only" kifejezsben:
11. Elszr Mark volt az egyetlen, aki hitt a vdlott rtatlansgban.
g. A "the very" kifejezsben:
12. Maga a tny, hogy a kirlyn gy dnttt, hogy adt fizet, az uralkod s az llam
vltoz viszonyrl rulkodik.
13. Tegnap egy csods virgcsokrot kaptam. Sajnos azonban mg ugyanaznap a
csokrot a buszon hagytam.
h. A "play the..." kifejezsben (valaki valamilyen hangszeren jtszik):
14. Dobolsz vagy gitrozol az j egyttesben?
i. Felsfok mellknv eltt:
15. Brmi trtnik, mindig a legsrtdttebb.
16. Az angoltudsa volt a leggyengbb.
j . Npnevek (eredetileg mellknevek) eltt, a tbbes szm kifejezsre:
17. gy tnik, a knaiak valami oknl fogva jobban kedvelik a kommunizmust, mint a
piacgazdasgot.
18. Az rek valban olyan bartsgosak, mint ahogy azt mondjk rluk?
19. Az angolok valsznleg a vilg legfurcsbb ncija.
20. A konyhamvszetkrl hres francik hajlamosak azt hinni, hogy az angol telek
szrnyen ztelenek.
21. Amikor a vietnamiaknak elegk van az hezs s a nyomor szenvedseibl,
nhnyan kis csnakba szllnak s Amerikba hajznak.
22. A spanyol s a portugl soha nem mulasztotta el az alkalmat, hogy valami
aprsgon sszeszlalkozzanak.
k. Gyjtnevek eltt:
23. Br apja az arisztokrcihoz tartozott, elhatrozta, hogy a munksosztlyhoz
csatlakozik.
24. A hadseregnek cskkentenie kell a kiadsait.
25. A fldalatti knyelmes, de drga.
26. Nem valszn, hogy Angliban a munksprt fogja megnyerni a kvetkez
ltalnos vlasztsokat.
27. A rendrsg idrl idre ellenrzi az autvezetket.
28. Hideg tli napokon a szarvasmarht istllban tartjk s etetik.
29. A csald nagyon vrja rgi bartjuk rkezst.
30. A rendrsg kt fszlat tallt az ldozat fejn.
31. A tzoltkat s a mentket is ki kellett hvni.
1. Nhny ltalnos eset:
32. Le tudnd halktani kiss a TV-t?
33. Nem bnom, ha a frjem rdit hallgat jszaka, amikor mr mlyen alszom.
34. 129 jsgrt bocstottak el a rditl.
35. Amikor visszartem, a fldn lt s srt.
36. Nem kellene a postahivatal mellett jsgosbdt fellltanod.
37. Koromstt van itt. Fel tudnd kapcsolni a villanyt?
38. Az els emeleten vagy a fldszinten van a mellkhelyisg?

125
ARTICLES THE DEFINITE A R T I C L E

39. A hzat renovlni, az ajtkat s ablakokat tfesteni, a sznyeget kitiszttani, a

mennyezetet pedig meszelni kell.
40. Vagy a fogorvoshoz, vagy az orvoshoz ment.
41. Hogy juthatok el a vastllomsra/repltrre?
42. Elfogyott a pnze, gy elment a bankba, hogy szerezzen egy kicsit, br tudta, hogy
el van adsodva.
43. Valaki csenget. - Ez a posts lesz.
m. Elvont fnevek konkretizlsa:
44. Nagyanym lete tele volt boldogsggal.
45. A XVII. szzadi walesi irodalom nem br szmunkra nagy jelentsggel.
46. Tlsgosan fszeres volt a vacsora, amit tegnap abban a knai tteremben ettnk.
47. Mindig arrl lmodtam, hogy a tenger mellett vagy vidken legyen egy kis
hzikm.
48. A Gallup Intzet egyik embere tudni akarta, milyen gyakran megynk moziba s
sznhzba.
n. Fnvknt hasznlt mellknevek esetn:
49. A fiatalok sohasem hallgatnak az regekre, de ettl fejldik a vilg.
50. A fldrengs utn a halottakat eltemettk, a sebeslteket krhzba szlltottk.
51. A kormnynak soha nem lenne szabad megfeledkeznie a munkanlkliek
gondjairl.
52. A gazdagok fizessenek tbb jvedelemadt vagy a szegnyek kevesebbet?
53. Mivel az unokatestvrem sketnmn szletett, egy siketek szmra alaptott
intzetben neveldtt.
54. Nlatok a vakok is jogosultak mindarra kedvezmnyre, melyekben a fogyatkosok
rszeslnek?

Megoldsok
1. The cheetah is a member of the cat family.
2. The car I saw yesterday is Freddie's.
3. Before Copernicus people thought that the Sun went round the Earth.
4. Was it Gagarin who first stepped on the Moon?
5. It was the first time that his father had patted him on the shoulder.
6. President Kennedy was shot in the hand and in the back as well.
7. The famous politician was stabbed in the upper leg by a self-professed Neo-Nazi.
8. He was the first Austrian actor ever to act in an Oscar prize-winning film.
9. This is the last time that I will overlook your mistake.
10. Your sentences are exactly the same as mine.
11. At first Mark was the only one to believe in the innocence of the accused.
12. The very fact that the Queen has decided to pay tax indicates changes in the
relationship between the monarch and the state.
13. I received a lovely bouquet of flowers yesterday. However, I unfortunately left the
bouquet on the bus on the very same day.
14. Do you play the drum or the guitar in the new band?
15. Whatever happens, it is always him who is the most indignant of all.
16. His command of English was the poorest.
17. For some reason the Chinese seem to prefer communism to the market economy.
18. Are the Irish really as friendly as they are said to be?
19. The British are probably the strangest nation in the world.
20. The French, famous for their cuisine, tend to think that English food is horribly
tasteless.

126
THE D E F I N I T E A R T I C L E ARTICLES

21. When the Vietnamese are fed up with the sufferings of hunger and poverty, some
of them get into a small boat and leave for the USA.
22. The Spaniard and the Portuguese never missed the opportunity to pick a quarrel
with each other over some bagatelle/trifle.
23. Although his father belonged to the aristocracy, he decided to join the working
classes.
24. The Army must cut down on its expenses.
25. The underground is comfortable but expensive.
26. The Labour Party is not likely to win the next General Elections in England.
27. The police check motorists every now and then.
28. On cold winter days the cattle are kept and fed in stables.
29. The family are looking forward to the arrival of their old friend.
30. The police have found two blades of grass on the head of the victim.
31. Both the fire-brigade and the ambulance had to be called out.
32. Could you turn down the TV a bit?
33. I don't mind my husband listening to the radio during the night when I'm fast
asleep.
34. As many as 129 journalists were fired from the radio station.
35. When I returned, she was sitting on the floor crying.
36. You shouldn't set up a newsstand next to the post office.
37. It's pitch-dark here. Could you turn on the light?
. 38. Is the toilet on the first floor or on the ground-floor?
39. The house needs redecorating, the doors and windows have to be repainted, the
carpet has to be cleaned and the ceiling whitewashed.
40. He's either gone to the dentist or to the doctor.
41. How can I get to the railway station/airport?
42. He had run out of money, so he went to the bank to get some, although he knew
that he was in the red.
43. Someone is ringing the bell. - That must be the postman.
44. The life my grandma lived was full of happiness.
45. The Welsh literature of the 17th century is not very important for us.
46. The supper we had yesterday in that Chinese restaurant was far too hot.
47. I've always dreamt of having a little bungalow near the sea or in the country.
48. A man from the Gallup Institute wanted to know how often we go to the cinema
and the theatre.
49. The young never listen to the old, but that's why the world is developing.
50. After the earthquake the dead were buried, and the injured were taken to hospital.
51. The government should never forget about the problems of the unemployed.
52. Should the rich pay more income tax or should the poor pay less?
53. Since my cousin was born deaf and mute, he was brought up in an institute for the
deaf.
54. Are the blind entitled to get all the allowances available to the disabled in your
country?

A hatrozott nvel elhagysnak esetei

Pldamondatok
a. ltalnosts esetn s egyb idiomatikus esetekben
1. A nk szeretik az let olyan egyszer jelensgeit, mint a frfiak.
2. Ki mondta, hogy az let szp?! '
ARTICLES THE DEFINITE A R T I C L E

3. Nekem a francia sokkal nehezebb volt, mint a portugl.

4. Az ember legelszr 1969-ben rkezett a Holdra.
5. Az utcaseprk tnyleg tbbet keresnek, mint a tanrok?
6. Az ipar a vilgon mindentt szennyezi a krnyezetet.
7. gy aztn a termszet mr nem az, mint ami akr szz ve is volt.
8. Apu mindig Jhnnyt rszestette elnyben.
9. Az orvos adott valamilyen injekcit malria ellen.
10. Nem tudod, kit neveztek ki vezrigazgatnak?
11. A pap azt mondta, hogy vagy a pokolba jutsz, vagy a mennybe, attl fggen, hogy
viseled magad itt a fldn.
12. A parlament megint elfogadott egy j trvnyt az Alkotmnybrsgrl.
13. Az emberek ltalban rmletbe esnek fldrengs idejn.
14. Ide figyeljetek, emberek, mit talltam ppen!
15. Menet kzben az utasok kapaszkodjanak!
16. Tudsz egy msodpercet vrni? t kell ltznm, mert brig ztam.
17. Senki sem merte megtrni a csendet a gylsen.
18. Arra tantotta a fit, hogy sohase adja fel a remnyt.
19. Ne felejtse, kedves Hyppolit, hogy a frjem mindig hagymt eszik reggelire.
20. Az arany nehezebb, mint az ezst?
21. Ki nem llhatom a kgykat. Jobban szeretem a krokodilokat.
22. Rendben van, ez a te tskd, de akkor hol van az n tskm?
23. Melyik nemzet kldte az els embert a vilgrbe?
24. Attl tartok, a paradicsom csak egy hv fantzijban ltezik.
25. Mindig fl htkor vacsorzunk.
26. Busszal vagy gyalog msz munkba?
27. Soha nem utazom vonattal, mindig a sajt autmmal megyek.
28. Hajnalban felkelt s elment szni, hogy visszanyerje bersgt.
29. Napkeltekor s napnyugtakor is imdkozik istenhez.
30. jflkor tallkozom veled.
31. Tnyleg tetszik a frizurm? Mlt hten rakattam be a hajam.
32. Lehet, hogy Martin jvre koncertet ad Liverpoolban.
33. Lttam, amikor ma reggel megcskolta a postst.
34. Az egsz filmet tvn lttam, nem a moziban.
35. Hidd el nekem, vletlenl csinltam, nem akarattal.
36. Szenvedssel teli hossz vek utn vgre kpes volt dh nlkl beszlni a volt
frjvel.
37. Anne egyttrzen tekintett a gyermekre.
38. Ha meglte a felesgt, nem ok nlkl tette.
39. A n gyesen tcserlte a frfi sebktst.
40. Amikor az tlevelemet kerestem, vletlenl rbukkantam erre a rgi levlre.
41. Trolival jttl? O, dehogy, termszetesen villamossal.
42. Jv szerdn tanknt kell megjelennem a brsg eltt.
43. Mostantl kezdve frj s felesg vagytok.
44. Egyms mellett fekdtek a foly partjn.
45. Egsz tmegek jttek meghallgatni, hogy mit akar az elnk mondani nekik.
46. Nem csak a bnyszoknak, hanem a minisztereknek is kemnyebben kell
dolgozniuk.
47. anyagnevek: A leglesebb ksed rozsdamentes aclbl van?
48. A vz elprolog, ha forralod.

128
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ARTICLES
b. jsgnyelvben:
49. A hercegnt is rintette a Heathrow-i emberrablsi drma.
50. Vita az iskolai kiadsok cskkentse trgyban.
c. Nap, hnap, vszak:
51. Tavasz idejn egsz Hollandia egy virgoskert.
52. Angliban jliusban r vget a tants.
53. Mg nem hallottad a hrt? Htfn kirgtk.
54. Van olyan ember, akinek a tl a kedvenc vszaka?
55. A Mercedes-gyr gy dnttt, hogy a recesszi miatt pntekenknt nem kell
munkba menni a dolgozknak.

Megoldsok
1. Women like simple things in life, like men.
2. Who said that life is beautiful?!
3. French was much more difficult for me than Portuguese.
4. Man landed on the Moon in 1969 for the very first time.
5. Do road-sweepers really earn more than teachers?
6. Industry pollutes the environment all over the world.
7. So, nature is no longer the same as it used to be even a hundred years ago.
8. Daddy has always favoured Johnny.
9. The doctor has given me some injection against malaria.
10. Don't you know who was appointed director general?
11. The priest said you would either go to hell or to heaven depending on how you
behave yourself here on earth.
12. Parliament has again passed a new law on the Constitutional Court.
13. People usually panic when there is an earthquake.
14. Look, what I have just found, folks!
15. Passengers must hold on while travelling!
16. Can you wait a second? I must change clothes because I'm soaked to the skin.
17. Nobody dared to break silence at the meeting.
18. He taught his son never to give up hope.
19. Don't forget, dear Hyppolit, that my husband always has onions for breakfast.
20. Is gold heavier than silver?
21. I can't stand snakes. I prefer crocodiles.
22. Okay, it's your bag, but then where is my bag?
23. Which nation sent the first man into space?
24. Paradise exists only in a believer's imagination, I'm afraid.
25. We always have dinner at half past six.
26. Do you go to work by bus or on foot?
27. I never travel by train, I always drive my own car.
28. At dawn he got out of bed and went swimming to wake himself up.
29. He prays to his god at sunrise and at sunset as well.
30. I'll meet you at midnight.
31. Do you really like my hairstyle? I had my hair done last week.
32. Next year Martin might give a concert in Liverpool.
33. I saw her kissing the postman this morning.
34. I saw the whole film on TV, not in the cinema.
35. Believe me, I did it by mistake, not on purpose.
36. After long years of suffering she was finally able to talk to her former husband
without anger.

129
ARTICLES THE DEFINITE A R T I C L E

37. Anne looked at the child with sympathy.

38. If he killed his wife, he didn't do it without reason.
39. The woman skilfully changed the dressing on his wound.
40. When I was looking for my passport, I came across this old letter by chance.
41. Did you come by trolley-bus? - Oh, no, by tram, of course.
42. Next Wednesday I will have to testify in court.
43. From now on you are man and wife.
44. They were lying on the bank of the river side by side.
45. Crowds came to hear what the President wanted to tell them.
46. Not only miners but ministers also have to work harder.
47. Is your sharpest knife made of stainless steel?
48. Water evaporates if you boil it.
49. "Princess involved in Heathrow kidnap drama."
50. "Row over school cuts."
51. During spring the whole of the Netherlands is a huge flower garden.
52. In Britain schools break up in July .
53. Haven't you heard the news yet? He was dismissed on Monday.
54. Is there anybody whose favourite season is winter?
55. The Mercedes Company decided that workers needn't go to work on Fridays
because of the recession.

Kontrasztv prok a hatrozott nvel hasznlatnak-ill. elhagysnak szemlltetsre.

Elmleti tudnival:
A nvel nlkli forma az adott intzmnyt (trgyat) annak funkcija szerinti hasznlatban
jelzi, mg a nvelvel alkotott forma semleges, ill. kls cselekvt felttelez.

1. Brtnben l bankrabls miatt.

2. Elment a brtnbe, hogy beszljen sgorval, aki lt.

1. He went to prison for robbing a bank.

2. He went to the prison to speak to his brother-in-law, who was in prison.

Szemlyek s elvont fnevek esetben az ltalnos-konkrt ellenttet fejezzk ki a nvel

nlkli ill. azzal elltott formval.

Pldamondatok
1. Takartn lvn Mrs. Daley minden pnteken kitakartotta a templomot.
2. Mivel mlyen vallsos volt, Elza nni vasrnaponknt mindig az els volt a
templomban.
3. Olyan dhs voltam, hogy azonnal elmentem az iskolba, hogy beszljek azzal az
ostoba tanrral.
4. Nem tudom elkpzelni, hogy valaki szereti az iskolt.
5. Fred? A helyi krhzban dolgozik szakcsknt.
6. Nem csak hogy eltnt a lnya, hanem a frje is krhzban van, hogy epekvel
mtsk.
7. Amikor megltogatta a fit a brtnben, egy vekni kenyeret adott neki, melyben
egy ks volt elrejtve.

130
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ARTICLES
8. A btym kt ve l brtnben hamistsrt.
9. Meg tudja mondani, milyen ton jutok el az egyetemhez? - Az egyetemhez?
Pontosan a fiskola mellett van!
10.'Krlek, ne hagyd abba az egyetemet a zrvizsgk eltt! Nem akarom, hogy mg
egy valaki abbahagyja a tanulst a csaldban.
11. A bathi tovbbkpzsi fiskoln krlbell 500 hallgat van.
12. Sikerlt tegnap a felfedezknek elrni azt a vrost, amelyiket clul tztek ki?
13. ppen a vrosba megyek, hogy vegyek egy kis mosport. Neked is hozhatok
valamit?
14. Brcsak a vrosban lhetnnk! Utlok ebben a kis hzban lakni 15 kilomterre
Pcstl.
15. Ne menjnk a tengerhez! Meglehetsen unom Brightont.
16. Matrz lvn lete nagy rszt a tengeren tlti.
17. Elment a brsgra megkrdezni, hogy a bartja mg ott dolgozik-e.
18. Mivel n voltam az egyetlen szemtan, felkrtek, jelenjek meg a brsg eltt a
kihallgats napjn.
19. Hallra rmltnk, amikor nyolc dgltt cstnyt talltunk az gyban.
20. Az orvos szigoran elrta, hogy hrom napig maradjak gyban.
21. Odamentem az gyhoz, hogy megigaztsam a prnkat.
22. Tegnap rengeteg dolgom volt, ezrt elg ksn fekdtem le.
23. Sajnos nem tudom adni Mr. Hendersont. Az irodban van.
24. Kupa Mihly mr nincs hivatalban, Szab Ivn azonban mg igen.
25. Nem tudom, hogyan akar frjhez menni, ha mindig otthon l s soha nem megy el
sehova.
26. Megingathatatlan alibije van. Negyed tkor indult haza az irodbl.
27. Nemrg kltztek be j, budapesti otthonukba.
28. Mivel dolgoztam, fogalmam sem volt, mi trtnt a fiammal.
29. ppen a munkahelyemre tartottam, amikor ez a gyans klsej alak meglltott s
megkrdezte, nem tudnk-e adni neki t fontot.
30. Zac mindig vistozni kezdett, ha nyolc ra eltt gyba kldtk.
31. A frfiak ltalban j szakcsok, de azok a frfiak, akiket n ismerek, azt sem
tudjk, hogyan kell tojsrntottt csinlni.
32. A hzassg ltalban nyugalmat s boldogsgot hoz, de a szleim hzassga
kudarcba fulladt.
33. Nagy ltalnossgban szeretem az embereket, de akikkel naponta tz rt kell
eltltenem, igen unalmasak szmomra.
34. ltalban nem iszom tet, de a te tedat imdom.
35. Az ipar lland fejldsben van, de a XX. szzad ipara ugrsszeren nvekedett.
36. A klasszikus zene mindig megnyugtatja az idegeimet.
37. Senki sem rti, hogy mirt kapott Oscart a film gyenge zenje.
38. A kltszet tlsgosan elvont nekem, de Keats kltszete mindig elbvl.
39. A tej a kedvenc italom, de a tegnap vett tej olyan savany volt, hogy kptelensg
volt meginni.
40. A hs ra olyan magas lett, hogy mg a vasrnapi hsadagunkat is cskkenteni
kellett.
41. A szarajevi gyerekek mr kt ve llandan szenvednek.
42. Biztos, hogy mrgezett volt a tea, amit tegnap a megbeszlsen ivott.
43. Hollywood legkiemelkedbb filmrendezje ppen filmet kszl forgatni India
elhunyt miniszterelnke, Radzsiv Gandhi letrl.

131
ARTICLES THE D E F I N I T E A R T I C L E

Megoldsok
1. Being a cleaner, Mrs. Daley cleaned the church every Friday.
2. Being a very religious person, Aunt Elsa was always the first to be at church on
Sundays.
3. I was so furious that I immediately went to the school to speak to that silly teacher.
4. I can't imagine anyone liking school.
5. Fred? He works as a cook at the local hospital.
6. Not only has her daughter disappeared, her husband is at hospital for a gall-stone
operation.
7. When she visited her son in prison, she gave him a loaf of bread in which a knife
was hidden.
8. My brother has been in prison for counterfeiting for two years.
9. Can you tell me the way to the university? - The university? Oh, it's just next to the
college!
10. I beg you not to leave university before your final exams! I don't want another
drop-out in the family.
11. There are roughly 500 students at the Bath College of Further Education.
12. Did the explorers manage to reach the town they wanted to yesterday?
13. I'm just going to town to buy some washing powder. Can I get you something as
well?
14. I wish we could live in town! I hate living in this small house 15 kms from Pcs.
15. Let's not go to the seaside. I'm pretty fed up with Brighton.
16. Being a sailor he spends most of his life at sea.
17. He went to the court to ask whether his friend still worked there.
18. Being the only eyewitness, I was asked to appear in court on the day of the hearing.
19. We were frightened to death to find as many as eight cockroaches in the bed.
20. The doctor gave strict orders for me to stay in bed for three days.
21.1 went to the bed to arrange the pillows.
22. Yesterday I had a lot to do, so I went to bed rather late.
23. I'm afraid you cannot talk to Mr. Henderson. He is at the office now.
24. Kupa Mihly is out of office, but Szab Ivn is still in office.
25. I don't know how she expects to get married if she's always at home and never goes
out.
26. He's got a firm alibi. He left his office for home at 4.15.
27. They have recently moved into their new home in Budapest.
28. Being at work, I had no idea what happened to my son.
29. I was on my way to work when this suspicious-looking man stopped me and asked
if I could give him 5 pounds.
30. Zac always started to scream when we sent him to bed before eight o'clock.
31. Men are usually good at cooking, but the men I know don't even know how to
prepare scrambled eggs.
32. Marriage usually brings tranquillity and happiness but the marriage of my parents
turned out to be a failure.
33. Generally speaking, I like people but the people I have to spend ten hours a day
with are very boring for me.
34. Usually I don't drink tea but I love the tea you make.
35. Industry is continuously developing, but the industry of the 20th century has
developed by leaps and bounds.
36. Classical music always soothes my nerves.

132
THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE ARTICLES

37. Nobody can understand why the poor music of the film became an Oscar prize
winner.
38. Poetry is too abstract for me but the poetry of Keats always fascinates me. .
39. Milk is my favourite drink but the milk I bought yesterday was so sour that it was
impossible to drink.
40. Meat became so expensive that we had to cut down even on the meat we have on
Sundays.
41. The children of Sarajevo have been continuously suffering for two years.
42. The tea she drank yesterday at the meeting must have been poisoned.
43. Hollywood's most outstanding director is just about to shoot a film about the life of
India's late PM, Rajiv Gandhi.

THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE

Az albbiakban olyan pldamondatok fordtst tztem ki clul, melyekben az alapsz

eltt a hatrozatlan nvel hasznlata ktelez.

a. Szakmk, foglalkozsok:
1. Carl Lewis vilghr rvidtvfut.
2. Mita rendrfnk a frjed?
3. Nagyanymnak volt egy nagybtyja, aki rmesterknt szolglt Viktria kirlyn
hadseregben a dicssges 1870-es vekben.
4. Ddelgetett lma volt, hogy sznszn legyen, de a csaldja megakadlyozta, hogy
valra vltsa lmait.
5. Foglalkozsa szerint Claudia Schiffer manken.

1. Carl Lewis is a world-famous short distance runner.

2. Since when has your husband been a chief constable?
3. My grandma had an uncle who served in Queen Victoria's army as a sergeant in the
glorious 1870's.
4. Her ultimate dream was to become an actress but her family prevented her from
making her dreams come true.
5. Claudia Schiffer is a fashion model by profession.

b. Szemlyek, llatok, trgyak osztlyt jellve:

1. Egy kutyt minden vben be kell oltani veszettsg ellen.
2. Felttelezsek szerint a kenguruk jobb klvvk, mint nmely versenyz az EB-n.
3. Egy francia szakrt szerint a farkas semmilyen krlmnyek kztt sem tmadna
az emberre.
4. Egy j fordtnak legalbb kt nyelvet kell folykonyan beszlnie.
5. Egy maszeknak tbb jvedelemadt kell fizetnie, mint egy tanrnak.

1. A dog must be vaccinated against rabies every year.

2. A kangaroo is supposed to be a better boxer than some competitors at the European
Championship. *

133
ARTICLES THE INDEFINITE A R T I C L E

3. A French expert says that a wolf would not attack a man under any circumstances.
4. A good translator must speak at least two languages fluently.
5. A self-employed person must pay more income tax than a teacher.

c. Mellknv + tkezsek kapcsolata eltt:

1. Tegnap nagyszer vacsort ettnk egy olasz tteremben.
2. Egy j reggeli kukoricapehellyel s narancslvel kell, hogy kezddjn.
3. Ne feledd, igen fontos, hogy minden reggel kiadsan megreggelizz!
4. Igazn kiads volt az ebd, ksznm, drgm!
5. Pomps vacsora Sharon Stone-nal? Jl hangzik!

1. We had a superb dinner at an Italian restaurant yesterday.

2. A good breakfast should start with cornflakes and orange juice.
3. Don't forget that eating a big breakfast every morning is essential.
4. It really was a hearty lunch, thank you, darling!
5. A delicious dinner with Sharon Stone? Sounds good!

d. A "-knt" mennyisgi egysg kifejezsre

1. Ez a szoba jszaknknt 14 fontba kerl, uram.
2. Mennyit keres vente egy tlagos magyar kmnysepr?
3. 270 km-es rnknti sebessggel vezette Porschjt, amikor a hallos baleset
megtrtnt.
4. Naponta hnyszor esznek a vietnamiak rizst?
5. A legutbbi tanulmny szerint az angolok hetente 35-40 rt dolgoznak.
6. Emlkszem, hogy boldog gyermekkorom idejn a kenyr kilja 3,60 volt.
7. Azt hiszem, egy tucat tojs 12 penny. - Akkor a valsgrl fogalmad sincs!
8. A dinnynek mg mindig tven forint kilja! Felhbort, nem?
9. Hallottad, hogy a liszt kilja csak 47 forint a sarki ABC-ben?
10. Naponta krlbell szz oldalt kell olvasnom, hogy a megadott hatridre be
tudjam fejezni ezt a regnyt.

1. This room costs 14 pounds a night, sir.

2. How much does an average Hungarian chimney sweep earn a year?
3. He was driving his Porsche at 270 kms an hour when the fatal accident happened.
4. How many times a day do the Vietnamese eat rice?
5. British people work 35-40 hours a week, according to the latest study.
6. I remember that in the happy days of my childhood bread was 3.60 a kilo.
7. Eggs are 12 pence a dozen, I suppose. - Then you are out of touch with reality.
8. Melon is still fifty forints a kilo! Disgraceful, isn't it?
9. Have you heard that flour is only 47 forints a kilo in the supermarket at the corner?
10. I must read roughly a hundred pages a day to be able to finish this novel by the
deadline.

e. Half, hundred, thousand eltt

1. A londoni maraton rsztvevi msfl rja indultak el.
2. Kaphatok fl adagot? Nem vagyok tl hes.
3. Mennyi pnz kell? Szzezer elg lesz?
THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE ARTICLES

4. A knai hatsgok 1000 disszidenst vettek rizetbe.

5. gy hiszik, egymillird forintot sikkasztott a Lupis brkercg.

1. The participants in the London Marathon started an hour and a half ago.
2. Can I have a half portion? I'm not too hungry.
3. How much money do you need? Will a hundred thousand be enough?
4. A thousand dissidents were arrested by Chinese authorities.
5. A billion forints is believed to have been embezzled by the Lupis brokerage.

f. "egy bizonyos..." rtelemben

1. Egy bizonyos Dr. Wyndham kereste ma reggel.
2. Valami Mr. Colbert akarja Sheila idsebbik lnyt elvenni felesgl.
3. Egy bizonyos Bram Stoker volt itt,-s azt lltotta, hogy valamilyen Drakulrl rt
egy knyvet.
4. Pitt r, ugye nem hallott mg egy bizonyos Lewis-Hanlon asszonyrl?
5. ppen egy bizonyos Carreras nekel a rdiban.

1. A Doctor Wyndham was here this morning asking after you.

2. A Mr. Colbert wants to marry Sheila's elder daughter.
3. A Mr. Bram Stoker was here, claiming that he wrote a book about some Dracula.
4. You haven't heard of a Mrs. Lewis-Hanlon, have you, Mr. Pitt?
5. A certain Carreras is singing on the radio at the moment.

A hatrozatlan nvel kittelnek nhny ltalnos esete

Pldamondatok
1. Amint azt elre megjsoltk, ma reggel egy fldrengs Los Angeles felt romba
dnttte.
2. Wilsonk ikerhzban vagy sorhzban laknak?
3. Ki az a kopasz fick mks saltazld kalapban?
4. A kzpkorban egy arisztokrata nem vehetett el egy parasztlnyt.
5. Egy j kriminek feszlt hangulatnak s cselekmnydsnak kell lennie.
6. lltlag van egy Rolls Royce-a, egy Mercedes s egy BMW-je is.
7. Silvio Berlusconi fennklt politikai ambciktl fttt milliomos, aki a maga
erejbl lett azz, ami.
8. Nagyon kell egy foncs, haver!
9. Cyrano azt javasolta, hogy bartja rjon egy verset Roxane-hoz.
10. Krsz egy stemnyt, desem?
11. Egy orvosnak soha nem szabad megszegnie az eskjt.
12. Az 1970-es vekben a BBC egy negyedik tv-csatornt indtott.
13. Miutn megszerezte neki a jogi diplomt, elkezdett Bristol krnyki klvrosi
laktelepeket tervezni s pteni.
14. Gyakorlatilag semmi kilts nincs arra, hogy egy ers j kormny alakuljon.
15. Hamarosan igen gretes hollywoodi rendezknt tnt ki.

135
ARTICLES T H E INDEFINITE A R T I C L E

Megoldsok
1.. An earthquake has destroyed half of Los Angeles this morning, as predicted.
2. Do the Wilsons live in a semi-detached or a terraced house?
3. Who's that bald guy wearing a funny-looking lettuce-green hat?
4. An aristocrat was not allowed to marry a peasant girl in the Middle Ages.
5. A good thriller should be tense and action-packed.
6. He is supposed to have a Rolls Royce, a Mercedes and a BMW as well.
7. Silvio Berlusconi is a self-made millionaire with lofty political ambitions.
8. I badly need a quid, mate!
9. Cyrano suggested that his friend should write a poem to Roxane.
10. Would you like a piece of cake, honey?
11. A physician should never break his oath.
12. In the 1970's the BBC launched a fourth TV channel.
13. After earning him a degree in law, he started designing and building suburban
housing estates around Bristol.
14. Prospects for a strong new government are practically nil.
15. Soon he emerged as a very promising Hollywood director.

a most = a very
PL: a most interesting study = a very interesting study
egy nagyon rdekes tanulmny

Pldamondatok
1. Ez egy rettent bonyolult tma, amit vatosan kell kezelnnk - mondta Walker r.
2. Mrhetetlenl felhbortanak az ilyen lltsok!
3. Meg akartk akadlyozni, hogy igen kegyetlen ellensg kertse kzre gerillikat.
4. n ktsgtelenl igen tehetsges nekes, Pavarotti r!
5. Ez egy rettent mdon felhbort kp, Sundstrom r!
6. Ksznjk, hogy 10.000 fontot adomnyozott a jtkonysgi alaptvnyunknak,
Mansfield r! n igazn nagyon bkez zletember!
7. Igencsak figyelemremlt hlgy, nem?
8. A Yes egyttesnek ez a koncertje vgtelenl bmulatos elads volt.
9. Annak a horrorfilmnek a megtekintse kimondhatatlanul dermeszt lmny volt
szmomra.
10. Az ltalnos' nyelvszet tanra a dikok krben igen nagy tiszteletnek rvend
elad volt.

Megoldsok
1. This is a most intricate issue which we must tackle with care, Mr. Walker said.
2. I'm most indignant about such allegations!
3. They wanted to prevent a most cruel enemy from capturing their guerillas.
4. You are undoubtedly a most talented singer, Mr. Pavarotti!
5. This is a most revolting picture, Mr. Sundstrom!
6. Thank you for donating 10,000 pounds to our charitable foundation, Mr.
Mansfield! You really are a most generous businessman!
7. She is a most remarkable woman, isn't she?
8. This concert of Yes was a most amazing performance.
9. Watching that horror film was a most petrifying experience for me.
10. For the students the teacher of general linguistics was a most respected lecturer.

136
THE I N D E F I N I T E ARTICLE ARTICLES
such a.../what a.... + egyes szm megszmllhat fnevek
1. Kt nappal az eskvje eltt halt meg? Micsoda tragdia!
2. Mekkora csal ez a Zsirinovszkij!
3. Micsoda szgyenteljes gondolat! Szgyellhetned magad!
4. Milyen rettenetes dikttor volt ez a rmai csszr!
5. Micsoda krds! Termszetesen elmegyek szavazni mjus nyolcadikn.

1. She died two days before her wedding? What a tragedy!

2. What a swindler this Zhirinovsky is!
3. What a shameful idea! You should be ashamed of yourself!
4. What a horrible dictator that Roman emperor was!
5. What a question! Of course I'll go and vote on the eighth of May.

what + megszmllhatatlan fnevek

1. Micsoda rtkes informcira bukkant f rivlisunk mltjbl! Ksznm, Smith
r!
2. Hangslyozta, milyen jelents kutatst vgzett doktor Pringle az utbbi nhny v
sorn.
3. Micsoda kptelensget mondott neked anyd a nszjszakd eltt!
4. Amikor megkrdeztk, milyen tancsot adott a finak, nem vlaszolt semmit.
5. Jzsef Attila hamarosan rbredt, milyen nehz munka naponta ezer lepedt
sszehajtogatni.

1. What valuable information you have unearthed about the past of our arch-rival!
Thank you, Mr. Smith!
2. He emphasized what remarkable research has been carried out by Dr. Pringle in the
last few years.
3. What nonsense your mother told you before your wedding night!
4. When asked what advice she gave her son, she said nothing.
5. Jzsef Attila soon realized what hard work it was to fold a thousand sheets a day.

what + megszmllhat tbbes szm fnevek

1. Uramisten! Milyen szrnysgeken mehettl keresztl abban a fogolytborban!
2. Micsoda buta krdsekre kellett vlaszolnom azon a krdven!
3. Micsoda fura elkpzelsei vannak Torgyn rnak a demokrcirl!
4. Micsoda nycsikland finomsgokat szolglt fel Lady Wentworth a partijn!
5. szrevetted, milyen ellentmondsok vannak akztt, amit az igazgatnk mond s
amit tesz?

1. My goodness! What horrible things you must have gone through in that detention
camp!
2. What silly questions I had to answer on that questionnaire!
3. What odd views Mr. Torgyn has about democracy!
4. What mouthwatering delicacies Lady Wentworth served at her party!
5. Have you noticed what contradictions there are between what our director says and
does?

137
ARTICLES THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE

such + megszmllhat tbbes szm fnevek

1. Az olasz turistk gyakran tndnek azon, hogy az angol nk mirt viselnek olyan
furcsa ruhkat.
2. Nem szabad ilyen krdseket anym eltt megbeszlnnk.
3. Az ilyen kijelentsek tnkretehetik a cgnk j hrnevt.
4. Mg soha letemben nem lttam ilyen nyegle alakokat egy kutatintzetben!
5. Be kell ltnod, hogy ilyen slyos problmkat nem lehet egyik naprl a msikra
megoldani.

1. Italian tourists often wonder why British women wear such odd clothes.
2. We are not allowed to discuss such questions in the presence of my mum.
3. Such statements can/might destroy our firm's reputation.
4. Never in my life have I seen such laid-back guys in a research institute.
5. You must admit that such grave problems cannot be solved overnight.

such + megszmllhat egyes szm fnevek

1. Brmilyen gyes szerel vagy is, egy ilyen bonyolult mszert nem tudsz
sztszerelni.
2. Mg soha letemben nem lttam ilyen hossz filmet!
3. Brcsak soha ne keveredett volna egy ilyen piszkos gybe!
4. Mg mindig nem tudom felfogni, hogy egy ilyen, meglehetsen buta alak hogyan
tudta becsapni.
5. A fiamnak soha nem lett volna szabad egy ilyen gazdag lnyt elvennie.

1. However skilful a mechanic you are, you cannot dismantle such a complicated
instrument.
2. Never in my life have I seen such a long film!
3. I wish he had never been involved in such a murky business!
4. I still cannot comprehend how such an idiot could deceive him.
5. My son should never have married such an affluent/well-off girl.

such + megszmllhatatlan fnevek

1. Olyan meggyz bizonytkkal llt el, hogy az eskdtszk a fickt bnsnek
tlte.
2. Ilyen buta tancsot hasznavehetetlen cskasgknt fog elvetni.
3. Ilyen btor nem menne a fggny sznhez.

1. He provided such convincing evidence that the jury found the guy guilty.
2. He will dismiss such silly advice as useless stuff.
3. Such furniture would not go with the colour of the curtain.

138
THE I N D E F I N I T E ARTICLE ARTICLES
How /So
How
1. Milyen kedves volt tled, hogy klcsnadtad a kvfzdet!
2. Milyen csodlatosan tncoltaazt a keringt tegnap este a frjvel!
3. Milyen kevs jsgr jelent meg az rhajs sajtkonferencijn!
4. Milyen llegzetelllt volt Fisher Annie tavalyi koncertje a Zeneakadmin!
5. Naht, John, milyen kiegyenslyozottnak bizonyult a legutbbi felesged!
6. Milyen hatkony az j titkrnd! Srga vagyok az irigysgtl.
7. Hogy mennyire elegem van ebbl az egsz brokrcibl!
8. Se hs, se hal fle ember. Hogy lehet valaki ilyen jellegtelen egynisg!
9. Milyen nehz lehet szegny nyugdjas nagymamdnak kijnni a havi jvedelmbl!
10. El sem tudod kpzelni, milyen knos volt ez a helyzet mindannyiunknak.

1. How nice it was of you to lend me your percolator!

2. How beautifully she danced that waltz with her husband last night!
3. How few journalists turned up at the astronaut's press conference!
4. How breathtaking Fisher Annie's concert was at the Academy of Music last year!
5. How level-headed your latest wife turned out to be, John!
6. How efficient your new secretary is! I'm green with envy.
7. How fed up I am with all this red tape!
8. Neither fish nor fowl! How can someone be so undecisive!
9. How difficult it must be for your retired grandma to make ends meet.
10. You can't imagine how embarrassing this situation was for all of us.

So...
1. A hastncosn olyan elbvlen tncolt, hogy a teremben minden frfi flig
szerelmes lett bel.
2. Annyira knnyelm volt, hogy egy vadidegennek tven fontot adott klcsn.
3. Ha esetleg nem lennl olyan szkltkr, el tudnd fogadni a tiedtl eltr
vlemnyeket is.
4. Sheila olyan csknys, hogy semmi rtelme megprblnunk rvenni arra, hogy
dntsn msknt.
5. Kiderlt rla, hogy olyan slyos beteg, hogy azonnal krhziba kellett vinni.
6. Olyan meggyzen hangzottak szavai, hogy nem tudtam nem hinni neki.
7. Olyan kiltstalan volt a helyzetk, hogy nem tehettek mst, mint hogy megadjk
magukat.
8. Olyan fradhatatlanul kzdttek a szlsszabadsgrt, hogy mindenki tisztelett
kivvtk vele.
9. A klvros olyan sivr volt, hogy elhatroztuk, nem hajtunk be kocsival.
10. Az idei Cambridge Proficiency vizsga olyan nehz volt, hogy a jelltek fele
megbukott.

1. The belly dancer danced so bewitchingly that all the men in the room fell head over
heels in love with her.
2. He was so light-headed that he lent 50 pounds to a complete stranger.
3. Maybe if you weren't so narrow-minded, you would also be able to accept views
which are different to your own.

139
ARTICLES THE INDEFINITE A R T I C L E

4.
Sheila is so stubborn that it's no use trying to persuade her t change her mind.
5.
He turned out to be so seriously ill that he had to be taken to hospital immediately.
6.
So convincing did he sound that I couldn't help believing him.
7.
So desperate was their situation that they could do nothing but surrender.
8.
They fought for the liberty of speech so tirelessly that they gained everybody's
respect.
9. So bleak were the suburbs that we decided not to drive in.
10. So difficult was this year's Cambridge Proficiency Exam that half of the candidates
failed.

Pldamondatok
Felsfok
1. "Mindig gyztes voltam. Olaszorszgot is azz teszem."
2. Ha valban nyomozs kvetkezik, bizonyra elzetes letartztatsba fogjk
helyezni.
3. Egyetlen rossz lpse egy 16 vvel ezeltt hozott helytelen zleti dnts volt.
4. Egy bulvrlap felkapta a Jones doktor ngyilkossgrl kering pletykt.
5. A trzs gyerekei furcsa autmat UFO-nak nztk.
6. Rosszindulat clzsok tmege rad valamennyi bulvrlapbl.
7. j stratgijuk az 1990-es vekben kezdett kialakulni, amikor egy j titkos
szervezetet hoztak ltre.
8. A harcokban edzett kiszolglt katonk nem ijednek meg egy zsiai harcostl,
brmilyen eltklt legyen is.

Megoldsok
1. "I have always been a winner. I'll make Italy a winner, too." (Silvio Berlusconi)
2. If an investigation does follow, he will definitely be put under preliminary arrest.
3. His only bad move was a bad business decision made 16 years ago.
4. The rumour of the suicide of Dr. Jones was picked up by a tabloid.
5. Children from the tribe took my outlandish car for a UFO.
6. There's a steady stream of innuendo from all the tabloids.
7. Their new strategy began taking shape in the 1990's when they formed a new secret
organization.
8. Hardened veterans are not afraid of an Asian soldier, however determined he might
be.

140
 PRONOUNS

PRONOUNS

NEITHER... NOR... (Sem... sem...)

1. Nem bzom sem a rendrsgben, sem az itt jelenlev belgyminiszterben.
2. Igen finnys kutyja van, se Whiskas macskt nem eszik, se egyebet.
3. Ki mondta, hogy se az oroszln nem veszlyes, se a tigris?!
4. Borzasztan sajnlom, de se a fnkm, se a helyettese nincs benn.
5. Se John, se Brian nem fog elvenni felesgl, hacsak meg nem vltozol srgsen!
6. Azt hiszem, se t, se a beosztottjt nem szabad hibztatnunk.
7. Sose kedveltelek, sem azt az elviselhetetlen testvredet.
8. Se a hegyekben, se a faluban nem bujklhatnak szktt fegyencek.
9. Minek nznek ezek engem? Nem vagyok se buta, se hiszkeny!

1. I trust neither the police nor the Home Secretary, who is present here.
2. He has an extremely fastidious dog: it eats neither Whiskas nor ordinary cats.
3. Who said that neither a lion nor a tiger is dangerous?!
4. I'm awfully sorry but neither my boss nor his deputy is in.
5. Neither John nor Brian will marry you unless you urgently undergo a complete
change.
6. I think neither he nor his employee should be blamed.
7. I have never liked you, nor that intolerable sister of yours.
8. Neither in the mountains nor in the village can escaped prisoners be hiding.
9. What do they take me for? I'm neither stupid nor gullible.

EITHER....OR (Vagy...vagy...)
1. Vagy tnyleg beteg, vagy tetteti magt: nem tudom eldnteni.
2. Nem szabad megrintened se kesztyben, se anlkl!
3. Ez vagy kanyar, vagy brnyhiml. - Nem mindegy? Mindkett raglyos.
4. Neked vagy nekem, elbb-utbb sznt kell vallanunk.
5. Vagy n magyarzom homlyosan, vagy a te felfogsod nagyon nehz.
6. Vagy a munkjt kell feladnia, vagy az sztndjrl lemondani.
7. Vagy megkred a kezt, vagy nem kellett volna hitegetned.
8. gy volt, hogy vagy Amerikba megy, vagy Angliba.
9. gy sejtik, hogy kolumbiai kokaincsempsz vagy isten tudja, milyen brgyilkos.
10. Biztosan vagy zongorzik, vagy takartja a hangszert.
11. Elkpzelhet, hogy vagy a kereket cserlte, vagy az olajat ellenrizte.
12. Nem kellene se Julit, se Marit eljegyezned, mindkett rmes nszemly.
13. Nem szndkom se Latin-Amerikban, se Kanadban letelepedni.
14. Te biztos nem vagy se Robert Redford, se Dustin Hoffmann.
15. Erre n nem lennk kpes. - Attl tartok, n se.

141
PRONOUNS

1.
He is either really ill or he's pretending to be. I can't decide.
2.
You mustn't touch it either with gloves or without them.
3.
It's either measles or chicken-poxrlsn't it all the same? Both are infectious.
4.
Either you or me, we must declare ourselves sooner or later.
5.
Either I'm not explaining it clearly or you are slow of understanding.
6.
He must either give up his work or renounce the scholarship.
7.
Either you propose marriage to her or you shouldn't have raised her hopes.
8.
He was to travel either to America or to England.
9.
He is suspected of being either a Columbian cocaine smuggler or God knows what
kind of a killer.
10. He must either be playing the piano or cleaning it.
11. He may either have exchanged the wheels or checked the oil.
12. You shouldn't/oughtn't to get engaged either to Julie or Mary. Both are horrible
females.
13.1 have no intention of settling either in Latin America or in Canada.
14. You certainly aren't either Robert Redford or Dustin Hoffmann.
15. I wouldn't be able to do it. - I'm afraid I wouldn't either.

NEITHER DO II SO DO I
1. Nem mehetsz diszkba, amg meg nem tanultad az egszet kvlrl s a bartnd
se.
2. Tegnap be tudtam mszni az ablakn. - Joe is.
3. Nem kellett volna olyan lekezelen beszlned vele. - Ami azt illeti, neked se.
4. Akr meg is halhatott volna abban a szrny vrengzsben. - Te is.
5. A fizika egyszerre rdekes s nehz. - A matematika is.
6. Azt hiszem, meg kellene engednnk neki, hogy ma este fennmaradjon. - n is azt
hiszem.
7. Valaha ebben az irodban dolgozott az apm. - Az enym is.
8. Szletett angol vagyok. Akrcsak John Major.
9. Kimondhatatlanul csaldott vagyok. - n is.

1. You can't go to the disco until you have learnt it all by heart and neither can your
girlfriend.
2. Yesterday I was able to climb in through her window. - So was Joe.
3. You shouldn't have spoken to him in such an off-hand manner. - As a matter of
fact, neither should you.
4. He might even have died in that terrible massacre. - So might you.
5. Physics is both interesting and difficult at the same time. - So is mathematics.
6. I think we should allow him to stay up tonight. - So do I.
7. My father used to work in this office. - So did mine.
8. I'm a born Englishman. So is John Major.
9. I'm disappointed beyond words. - So am I.

BOTH
1. rdekes is volt meg mulatsgos, ami azrt ritkasg, nem?
2. Azt hiszed, mindketten be fogtok frni?
3. Indiban s Pakisztnban egyarnt vannak vallsi zavargsok.

142
 PRONOUNS
4. Mind a fundamentalistk, mind a tbbi szlssgesek rltek!
5. Mindkt varici jl hangzik, nem gondolod?
6. Szp is, okos is, mi kell mg?!
7. Mind a kt Oscart kapta?
8. Einstein vagy tnyleg elhagyta mindkt zoknijt, vagy csak elfelejtette, hov tette.
9. Mindkt opert Wagner szerezte?
10. Egyszerre volt szende s vonz - lehetetlen volt ellenllni neki.
11. Bizonyra mindkt frjt hagyta el.
12. Muszj neked mind a kt tvt egyszerre nzned?
13. Eljn az id, amikor mindkt tettkrt felelnik kell.
14. Gyllettel s ktsgbeesetten nzett si ellenfelre.
15. Nyomait a konyhban s a szobban is felfedeztk a rendrk.

1. It was both interesting and amusing, which is unusual, isn't it?

2. Do you think both of you will get in?
3. There are public disturbances caused by religious differences in both India and
Pakistan.
4. Both fundamentalists and other extremists are crazy!
5. Both versions sound good, don't you think?
6. She is both pretty and clever, what else do you want?!
7. Was he awarded both Oscars?
8. Einstein either left both his socks behind or he just forgot where he had put them.
9. Were both operas composed by Wagner?
10. She was both unsophisticated and attractive at the same time - impossible to resist.
11. She must have left both of her husbands.
12. Is it necessary for you to watch both TVs at the same time?
13. The time will come when they will have to answer for both of their deeds.
14. He looked at his ancient enemy both with hatred and desperately.
15. Traces of him have been detected by the police in both the kitchen and the room.

' EITHER / NEITHER ( egyikre, az egyik....)

1. Akrmelyiket elksztheted, csak csinld mr, mert henhalok.
2. Olasz spagettit vagy valami knait ennl? - Ksz, inkbb egyiket se.
3. gy tnt, egyik fl sem elgedett a trgyalsok eredmnyvel.
4. Meg kell mondanom, egyik tlet se valami vilgraszl.
5. Egyiktk se lesz fizikus, mr amennyire n meg tudom tlni.
6. Egyik szlje sem volt soha katolikus. Hogyan vrhatod, hogy templomba jrjon?
7. Biztos, hogy egyikk sem hazudik?
8. Br mind a kett tehetsges, egyikket sem vettk fel.
9. Brcsak egyikjk se ment volna oda!
10. Mieltt esetleg brmelyiktk tiltakozna, kzlm a hzirendet.
11. A bot mindkt vgrl egy-egy vdr lgott, tele tiszta vzzel.

1. You can cook either of them just cok something because I'm dying of hunger.
2. Would you like Italian spaghetti or something Chinese? - Neither of them, thanks.
3. Neither party seemed to be satisfied with the outcome of the negotiations.
4. I must admit that neither idea is sensational.

143
PRONOUNS

5. As far as I can judge, neither of you will become a physicist.

6. Neither of his parents has ever been a Catholic. How can you expect him to go to
church?
7. Is it sure that neither of them is telling a lie?
8. Although both are talented, neither of them has been admitted to university.
9. I wish neither of them had gone there!
10. Before either of you should protest, I'm going to announce the rules of the house.
11. At either end of the stick a bucket was hanging full of clean water.

ALL / EVERY / EACH / WHOLE

E hatrozatlan nvmsok egy adott csoport egszre ill. annak tagjaira utalnak.
A "whole" jelentse a legtfogbb: "teljes, egsz". A csoportra mint bontatlan egysgre utal.
Az "all" jelentse "minden, sszes, egsz, valamennyi", teht sszefoglal rtelme van. Utna
a megszmllhat fnevek tbbes szmban, a megszmllhatatlan fnevek egyes szmban
llnak.
Az "every" jelentse: minden, minden egyes. Mindig egyes szmmal ll, megszmllhat (ill.
ilyen fogalmat jelent) fnevek eltt.
Az "each" jelentse: minden egyes, kln-kln mindegyik. Az "each" meghatrozott szm
szemlyre vagy dologra vonatkozik, mg az "every"-nl ez a korltozs nem ll fenn.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Kpes voltl egyedl megenni az egszet?
2. Minden elkpzelhet tmhoz hozz tudott szlni.
3. Most minden egyes cserksznek talljak ki fednevet?!
4. Egsz letemben rd vrtam!
5. Minden knyv le van rtkelve, vgkirusts van.
6. Ha nem akarsz senkit megsrteni, mindenkivel kezet kell fognod.
7. Mindentt vele tallkozom. Tiszta rlet, nem?
8. Valahnyszor lelk enni, valaki biztos, hogy csenget.
9. "Minden angol kln sziget." (Novalis)
" 10. Biztos, hogy kihalt minden dinoszaurusz?
11. Tnyleg minden egyes szrnyet szmtgp tervezett Spielberg filmjben?
12. Az egsz legnysget elkldtk fedlzetet siklni.
13. Mindenki megnzheti a fmrnk legjabb tallmnyt.
14. Eddig minden egyes filmje nyert valamilyen djat.
15. "Bennem van minden n " (Whitney Houston)
16. Egsz dlutn horrorfilmeket nzett, s most retteg!
17. Beutazta egsz Eurpt, minden orszgban jrt mr.
18. Ezt a gygyszert csak egszben szabad bevenni.
19. Nem ltezik, hogy lttad az egsz filmet!
20. Nem ltezik, hogy az sszes filmjt lttad!
21. Hajszlra olyan szp volt, mint Marilyn Monroe.
22. A vros sszes fija az n bartnmet szeretn elvenni.
23. El tudnd adni az sszest?
24. Akr az sszes pnzt is elveszthette volna.
25. Egszben vve, nem volt olyan rossz az elads.

144
 PRONOUNS
26. Akrhnyszor meg akarom cskolni, eszbe jut egy vicc.
27. Egsz nyron zuhogott, de ez itt nem szokatlan.
28. Egszben slt kacsrl lmodom!
29. Egsz jszaka vezettem, hogy mielbb hozzd rjek.
30. Az elnk bejelentse minden remnynket romba dnttte.
31. A vilg minden orszgnak ssze kellene fogni a bkrt.
32. Mikor megtalltk, teste tele volt kk foltokkal.
33. Teljesen befedte a por.
34. Kthetente meg kell ltogatnom anymat.
35. Az ENSZ vente jelentst ad ki az emberi jogok helyzetrl Magyarorszgon.
36. Minden almn volt egy kis hiba, mgis 50 Ft volt kilja.
37. Elg ritka eset, hogy egsz Anglit h bortsa.
38. Az sszes hitelkrtymat ellopta az a bitang!
39. Mr most mind rszeg?!
40. Egsz jjel a plafont bmulta s a birkkat szmolta.
41. Minden egyes nap gy jtt haza, hogy fogadkozott: msnap felmond.
42. Mikor nagykorak lettek, minden gyereknknek 100-100.000 forintot adtunk.
43. Legalbb hetente ktszer aerobicra kellene jrnia.
44. Az sszes forr csokit a pincr fejre nttte dhben.
45. Nekem mindent elmondhattl volna!
46. Elg drga mg a kiwi: hsz forint darabja.
47. Ha megfzted a krumplikat egszben, hmozd meg ket!
48. Igazn nem kellett volna az sszes vagyonbl kiforgatnod.
49. Nnapon minden titkrnnek vett egy csokor szegft.
50. Tudni minden osztlytrsadnak adni egy-egy pldnyt?
51. Higgye el, krem, ez minden, amit errl az egsz gyrl tudok.

Megoldsok
1. Were you able to eat all of it alone?
2. He was able to contribute remarks on every topic under the sun.
3. Shall I devise a code-name for each boy-scout now?!
4. I have been waiting for you all my life!
5. Eyery book is for sale at a discount price, there is a clearance sale.
6. If you don't want to hurt anybody, you must shake hands with everybody.
7. I meet him everywhere. It's sheer madness, isn't it?
8. Every time I sit down to eat, somebody is sure to ring the bell.
9. "Each Englishman is a separate island."
10. Is it sure that all the dinosaurs have become extinct?
11. Has each monster in Spielberg's film really been designed by computers?
12. The whole crew has been sent to scrub the deck.
13. Everyone can have a look at the chief engineer's latest invention.
14. So far each film of his has won some prize.
15. "I'm every woman"
16. He has been watching horror films all afternoon and now he is terrified.
17. He has travelled all over Europe, he has been to every country.
18. This medicine must be taken only as a whole.
19. You can't have seen the whole film.
20. You can't have seen all of his films.
21. She was every bit as beautiful as Marilyn Monroe.
22. All the boys in town would like to marry my friend.

145
PRONOUNS

23. Were you able to sell all of them?

24. He might have lost all his money as well.
25. On the whole, the performance was not as bad as all that.
26. Every time I want to kiss her, a joke occurs to her.
27. It has been pouring with rain all summer but that isn't unusual here.
28. I'm dreaming of a duck roasted whole.
29. I was driving all night to get to you as soon as possible.
30. The announcement of the President ruined all our hopes.
31. All the countries of the world should unite to achieve peace.
32. When he was found, all his body/the whole of his body was covered with blue
spots.
33. He was all covered in dust.
34. I have to visit my mother every other week.
35. The UN publishes a report on the situation of human rights in Hungary every year.
36. All the apples had something wrong with them, but they still cost 50 forints a kilo.
37. It's rather unusual for the whole of England to be covered with snow.
38. All my credit cards have been stolen by that rascal!
39. Are all of them drunk as early as this?!
40. He has been staring at the ceiling and counting sheep the whole night.
41. He came home every day promising that he would give in his notice the next day.
42. When they came of age, we gave our children 100-100.000 forints each.
43. She should go to aerobics lessons at least twice every week.
44. She poured all the hot chocolate on the waiter's head out of anger.
45. You could have told me everything.
46. Kiwis are still rather expensive: they cost twenty forints each.
47. When you have cooked the whole potatoes, peel them.
48. You oughtn't to have done him out of the whole of his fortune.
49. On Women's Day he bought a bunch of carnations for each secretary.
50. Could you give a copy to each of your classmates?
51. Believe me please, that's all I know about the whole business.

FEW / A FEW - LITTLE / A LITTLE

Mindkt nvms jelentst mdostja az eltte ll hatrozatlan nvel. Jelentsk nlkle
negatv ("kevs"), a hatrozatlan nvel rvn "nhny", ill. "nmi, egy kis" jelentst kapnak.

He was so selfish that he had few friends. However, he has changed a lot and so he has quite
a few now.
I had little time for films at university but now I always have a little free time.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Kevs ember gondolja, hogy egyre knnyebb lesz az lete a kzeljvben.
2. Van mg nhny bartja, aki egyetrt vele s kitart mellette.
3. Egy kicsit kevesebb ember jtt el az eladsra, mint terveztk.
4. Mivel elg elfoglalt vagyok, sajnos nagyon keveset ltom.
5.- A sofrnk ivott egy keveset, ezrt nem engedtk meg neki, hogy vezesse a kocsit
hazafel.

146
 PRONOUNS
6. Igyekezz mr, alig van egy kis idnk a busz indulsig!
7. Nhny nappal ezeltt lttam az utcn azt az embert, akit keres a rendrsg.
8. Mirt ilyen kevs kenyeret vettl? Biztos, hogy nem lesz elg, ha esetleg vendgek
jnnek.
9. Az iskolnak kevs pnze van arra, hogy brmilyen eszkzt vegyen.
10. Mit gondolsz, megengedi, hogy feltegyek nhny krdst?
11. Pr perc mlva elindulok hazafel, vrj meg a bejratnl.
12. Adj egy kis idt, hogy gondolkozzam az ajnlatodon.
13. Kevs benzinnk van, nem mehetnk tovbb.
14. Van mg egy kevs olajunk, kitart a tl vgig.
15. Fogd rvidre, nincs sok idm hasztalan fecsegsre!
16. Nem hoztak magukkal pnzt, de Jimnl mindig van egy kevs. ppen annyi, hogy
ketten meg tudnak inni egy-egy veg srt.
17. Csak nagyon kevs adatunk van tnyleges cselekedeteirl.
18. Mg van egy kis lisztnk, csinlhatok neked egy kis pisktt.
19. Kevs cukrunk van, be kell rned helyette valami mssal.
20. Volt egy kis francia konyakja az veg aljn, s azt hrplgette rkon t.
21. Nem lesz belle j vn, kevs trelme van a gyerekekhez.
22. Alig tudott egy pr szt arabul, amikor elszr Jordniban jrt.
23. Nhny hulign dngtt a hz krl, tudvn, hogy ilyenkor kevs rendr jr arra.
24. Mirt van olyan kevs fa Budapesten, amikor mg nhny park is elkelne?
25. Nhny hete rtk al a bkemegllapodst nmi vita utn.
26. Nagyon kevs szabadnapot adott a fknyvelnek, klnsen a naplfknyv
lezrsa idejn.
27. Minl kevesebb szt tanulsz meg, annl kevesebbet felejtesz az "angoltudsodbl".
28. Nem kell nagy ajndkot venni, nhny aranygyr is megteszi.
29. Olyan kevs tojst tojnak a tykjaim, hogy rdemesebb levgni s megenni ket.
30. Jnhny tzfontost tallt a frje prnja alatt.
31. Jpran prul jrtak, amikor a bank csdbe ment, ugye?
32. Vlaszolna nhny szemlyes krdsre is?
33. Nhnyszor prbltam meggyzni, de hajthatatlan maradt.
34. Mit szlnl egy kis whiskyhez? - krdezte a brszekrny eltt llva.
35. Mg egy kis s s tkletes lesz a francia hagymalevesed!
36. Taln csak egy kis kezdeti buzdtsra van szksge.
37. gy tnik nekem, egy kiss bekpzelt ez a mi j fnknk.
38. Egy kicsit viccesnek tallta a klgyminiszter nyakkendjt.
39. Van egy-kt j tlete, de kevs az energija, hogy megvalstsa ket.
40. Nhny v, s hozzfogsz szokni ahhoz, hogy egy alkoholistval lj.
41. A srt kzbeszlsok hallatn nhnyunk idegesen fszkeldni kezdett.
42. Ehhez a slt vadhoz egy kis vrsbort kellett volna felszolglnod.
43. Olyan keveset evett ebdre, hogy mr hromkor korogni kezdett a gyomra.
44. Sajnos kevs es esett tavasszal, megint drga lesz a zldsg.
45. Kevs bartja van, aki igazn segtsgre lenne nagy bajban.
46. Remlem, nem vagy mrges, hogy kstem nhny percet, de igen sr a forgalom a
napnak ebben a szakban.

Megoldsok
1. Few people think that their lives will get easier and easier in the near future.
2. He has still got a few friends left who agree with him and remain loyal to him.
3. Somewhat fewer people came to the lecture than we had planned.

147
PRONOUNS

4. As I'm rather busy, I can see her very little, unfortunately.

5. Our driver drank a little, that's why we didn't let him drive on the way home.
6. Hurry up, we have just a little time before the bus leaves.
7. A few days ago I saw the man wanted by the police on the street.
8. Why did you buy so little bread? Should guests come, it won't be enough.
9. The school has little money to buy any equipment.
10. Do you think he will allow me to ask him a few questions?
11. I'll start for home in a few minutes, wait for me at the entrance.
12. Give me a little time to think about your proposal.
13. We have little petrol, we can't go any farther.
14. We have a little oil left, it will last as long as the end of the winter.
15. Keep it short, I have got little time for useless chattering.
16. They haven't brought any money but Jim always has a little on him. - Just enough
for both of them to drink a bottle of beer.
17. We have just a few facts about his real actions.
18. We have a little flour left, I can make you some finger-biscuits.
19. We have little sugar, you will have to make do with something else instead.
20. He had a little French cognac at the bottom of the bottle and he was sipping it for
hours.
21. She won't make a good kindergarten teacher. She has little patience with children.
22. He could hardly speak a few words in Arabic when he was in Jordan for the first
time.
23. A few hooligans were loitering around the house knowing that there were few
policemen passing by at that time.
24. Why are there so few trees in Budapest when a few more parks would be needed?
25. It was a few weeks ago that they signed the peace treaty after a short discussion.
26. He gave very few days off to the chief accountant especially at the time of closing
the general ledger.
27. The fewer words you learn, the less you will forget your knowledge of English.
28. You needn't buy a large present, a few golden rings will do.
29. My hens lay so few eggs that it is more worthwhile to kill and eat them.
30. She found quite a few ten-pound notes under her husband's pillow.
31. Quite a few people came off badly when the bank went bankrupt, didn't they?
32. Would you answer a few personal questions as well?
33. Several times I tried to convince him but he remained firm.
34. What about a little whisky?, he asked, standing in front of the cocktail cabinet.
35. A little more salt and your French onion soup will be perfect!
36. Perhaps it's just a little initial encouragement that he needs.
37. This new boss of ours seems to me a little conceited.
38. He found the Foreign Secretary's tie a little funny.
39. He has a few good ideas but has got little energy to realise them.
40. A few more years and you will get used to living with a habitual drinker.
41. Hearing the insulting interruptions, a few of us started to fidget restlessly.
42. You should have served a little red wine with this fried game.
43. He ate so little for lunch that his stomach started to rumble as early as three o'clock.
44. Unfortunately, there has been little rain in spring, vegetables are going to be
expensive again.
45. He has few friends who would really help him in great trouble.
46. I hope you aren't angry with me for being late but the traffic is very heavy at this
time of the day.

148
 PRONOUNS
M U C H - MANY
A "much" szinonimi lehetnek: a lot (of), lots (of), a large/great quantity of a good/great
deal of, plenty of

A "many" szinonimi lehetnek: a lot (of), lots (of, a number of, a large number of, plenty of.

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Olyan sok hibja volt a dolgozatban, hogy mg az egyest is alig rdemelte meg.
2. Tl sok rossz filmet ltott ahhoz, hogy a vlemnyt megvltoztassa.
3. Olyan sokan elfradtak a gyerekek kzl, hogy rvid pihent kellett tartanunk a
tra kzepn.
4. Olyan sok bort ittak a blon, hogy kptelenek voltak gyalog hazamenni.
5. Sok bartod van, akikben megbzhatsz?
6. Sietnnk kell a vacsorval, nincs sok idnk az elads kezdetig.
7. A grgorszgi kirndulson nem tudtunk sok fnykpet kszteni, mert elromlott a
fnykpezgpnk.
8. Sok vvel ezeltt trtnt, hogy egy kedves, ids bcsi becsengetett s sok apr
cikket ajnlott megvtelre.
9. Nem vagyok valami nagy vlemnnyel azokrl az orvosokrl, akik. hamar
gygythatatlannak blyegzik a beteget.
10. Sok ember szereti kertszkedssel tlteni a htvgt.
11. Biztosan sokan lesznek a divatbemutatn a Penta Hotelban.
12. Sokkal jobban hinyzik, mint gondoltam volna. Nem kellett volna szaktanom vele.
13. Olyan sokat ettem, hogy meg sem tudok moccanni, gyhogy most ne krj tlem
semmi szvessget.
14. gy rlk, hogy levgattad a szaklladat, gy sokkal fiatalabbnak nzel ki.
15. El tudod kpzelni, hogy olyan sok pnzed legyen, hogy minden vben klfldn
nyaralj?
16. Rengeteg ruht felprbltam a boltban, de egyik sem tetszett annyira, hogy
megvegyem.
17. Azt hiszem, tl sok cigarettt szvsz egy nap, s ne gondold, hogy ez nem ltszik az
arcbrdn.
18. Hres nekes lvn rengeteg levelet kap a rajongitl nap mint nap.
19. Elg sok szk van a teremben, gy mindenki le tud lni az elads alatt.
20. Amikor leszeded a frl a gymlcst, bsges vzzel mosd le, hogy eltvoltsd a
szennyezdst!
21. Kvncsi vagyok, hogy az idn mennyi adt kell majd fizetnem.
22. Sokkal tbb tanrra \ an szksg ennek az iskolatpusnak a beindtshoz.
23. Nem rdekel, mennyit keresnek azok, akik jt nappall tve dolgoznak.
24. Sok fgg attl, mit mondasz a trgyalson az eltlt vdelmben.
25. Mennyivel van tbb bartod, ha gazdag vagy?
26. Ahhoz kpest, hogy csak nhny ve versenyez, elg sok versenyt megnyert mr.
27. Hny rendr kellene ilyen sok erszak megfkezsre?
28. Olyan sok jtkod van a polcon, igazn tallhatnl kedvedre valt!
29. Mg hny ilyen esetnek kell elfordulnia, hogy a hatsgok szigorbb
intzkedseket hozzanak?
30. rlk, hogy olyan munkm van, ami sok utazssal jr.

149
PRONOUNS

31. Sokkal tbb st kellett volna a csirkehsra tenned.

32. Tl sok pnz csak tl sok irigyet szl.
33. Bven van hely a pincben, rakd csak le azt a sok rgi jsgot oda.
34. Egsz vben sok gymlcst kell enned, ha azt akarod, hogy egszsges maradj.
35. A brtnben bven lesz ideje eltprengeni, hogy mit is tett.
36. Olyan nagy mennyisg szemt gylt ssze az iskola udvarn, hogy alig tudtk
elszlltani.
37. Amikor influenzs vagy, rengeteg folyadkot igyl s sokfle vitamint egyl.
38. Meg tudnd nekem mondani, mennyibe kerlt ez a tpus mikrohullm st?
39. Ebben az orszgban egytt l a sok kegyetlensg s a szmos kedves ember.

Megoldsok
1.
He made so many mistakes in the test that he hardly deserved even a one.
2.
He has seen too many bad films to change his view.
3.
So many children got tired that we had to have a little rest in the middle of the trip.
4.
They had drunk so much wine at the ball that they were unable to walk home.
5.
Have you got a lot of friends you can trust?
6.
We must be quick with the dinner, we haven't got much time before the
performance starts.
7. We couldn't take a lot of photos during our trip to Greece since our camera went
wrong.
8. It happened a number of years ago that a kind old man rang our bell and offered to
sell me a lot of trinkets.
9. I don't think much of doctors branding the patients as incurable after a little time.
10. A lot of people enjoy spending their week-ends working in the garden.
11. There must be a lot of people at the fashion show in the Penta Hotel.
12. I miss her a lot more than I expected. I shouldn't have split up with her.
13.1 have eaten so much that I can't even move; so don't ask me any favours now.
14. I'm so glad that you have had your beard cut. You look a lot younger like that.
15. Can you imagine having so much money that you could spend your summer
holiday abroad every year?
16. I tried on plenty of dresses in the shop but I didn't like any of them enough to buy.
17. I think you smoke too many cigarettes a day, and don't you think that it doesn't
show on the skin of your face.
18. Being a famous singer, he receives a large number of letters from his fans day after
day.
19. There are quite a lot of chairs in the room so everybody can have a seat during the
lecture.
20. When you pick fruit from the tree, wash it with a large amount of water to remove
dirt from it.
21.1 wonder how much tax I will have to pay this year.
22. Many more teachers are needed to introduce this kind of school.
23. I'm not interested in how much people who work day and night earn.
24. A lot depends on what you say in the trial to defend the convict.
25. How many more friends do you have if you are rich?
26. Considering that he has been in competitions for just a few years, he has already
won quite a lot of them.
27. How many policemen would be necessary to control so much violence?
28. You have so many toys on the shelf, you really could find one to your liking.

150
 PRONOUNS

29. How many more cases like this must happen for the authorities to take stricter
measures?
30. I'm glad to have a job which requires a lot of travelling.
31. You should have put much more salt on the chicken.
32. Too much money just makes too many envious people.
33. There is much room in the cellar, just put that large pile of old newspapers there.
34. You must eat a lot of fruit all the year round if you want to remain healthy.
35. In prison he will have plenty of time to brood over what he has done.
36. Such a large amount of rubbish had piled up in the schoolyard that it could hardly
be transported.
37. When you have flu, drink plenty of fluids and eat many different vitamins.
38. Could you tell me how much this type of micro-wave oven cost?
39. In this country there is a large amount of cruelty and a large number of kind people
living side by side.

SOME, ANY + T H E I R COMPOUNDS, NO, NONE

Kzp- s felsfok
1. Szeretnk klcsnkrni egy kis pnzt egy j gztzhelyre.
2. Brmelyik villamosra felszllhatunk, mindhrom a Duna-parton megy vgig.
3. Brhov elmennk veled, akr a vilg vgre is.
4. Valami olyan trgyat keresek, amivel ki tudom lyukasztani a lapokat.
5. Attl tartok, hogy valami hiba csszott a szmtsba.
6. Nagyon sajnlom, de most mr nem maradhatok tovbb.
7. Egyltaln nincs szksgem arra a knyvre, amit idehozott.
8. A krnyknkn legalbb ngy telefonflke van, de mr napok ta egyik sem
mkdik.
9. Tl sokat vsroltam, erre a hnapra alig van mr pnzem.
10. Az jszaka valaki babrlt a zrral, de elkezdtem zrgni, s elszaladt.
11. Nem kapott egyetlenegy vlaszt sem a hirdetsre.
12. Brki bemehet a nyitva hagyott ajtn, ha nem vagy vatos.
13. Ltta valaki, hogy a kertben dolgoztl, amikor betrtek a szomszdhoz?
14. Nhnyan a lnyok kzl elmentek a moziba, majd beltek egy cukrszdba egy
kis fagyit enni.
15. Van mg bors a tartban, vagy nekem kell teletltenem?
16. Adj egy kis tancsot, hogyan tehetnm el a beftteket gy, hogy ne romoljanak
meg.
17. Soha nincs semmilyen tleted arra vonatkozan, hogy hol tltsk a
szabadsgunkat.
18. Van, aki szereti a halszlt, s vannak emberek, akik egyltaln nem szeretnek
semmilyen haltelt.
19. Brmilyen sznre befestetheted a szoknydat, csak gy csinljk meg, hogy ne
legyen folt rajta.
20. Nem krnl mg egy kis stemnyt?
21. Senki sem tallta el a helyes vlaszokat, brmennyire is igyekeztek, ezrt egy
pontot sem tudok adni.
22. Mr nagyon unom, hogy soha nincs pnze, s mindig tlem kr valamennyit.
23. Nincs vesztegetni val idnk, azonnal neki kell llnunk a babahz ksztshez,
hogy hsvtra ksz legyen.
24. Olyan elfoglalt vagyok, hogy egyltaln nincs idm olvasni.

151
 PRONOUNS

29. How many more cases like this must happen for the authorities to take stricter
measures?
30. I'm glad to have a job which requires a lot of travelling.
31. You should have put much more salt on the chicken.
32. Too much money just makes too many envious people.
33. There is much room in the cellar, just put that large pile of old newspapers there.
34. You must eat a lot of fruit all the year round if you want to remain healthy.
35. In prison he will have plenty of time to brood over what he has done.
36. Such a large amount of rubbish had piled up in the schoolyard that it could hardly
be transported.
37. When you have flu, drink plenty of fluids and eat many different vitamins.
38. Could you tell me how much this type of micro-wave oven cost?
39. In this country there is a large amount of cruelty and a large number of kind people
living side by side.

SOME, ANY + T H E I R COMPOUNDS, NO, NONE

Kzp- s felsfok
1. Szeretnk klcsnkrni egy kis pnzt egy j gztzhelyre.
2. Brmelyik villamosra felszllhatunk, mindhrom a Duna-parton megy vgig.
3. Brhov elmennk veled, akr a vilg vgre is.
4. Valami olyan trgyat keresek, amivel ki tudom lyukasztani a lapokat.
5. Attl tartok, hogy valami hiba csszott a szmtsba.
6. Nagyon sajnlom, de most mr nem maradhatok tovbb.
7. Egyltaln nincs szksgem arra a knyvre, amit idehozott.
8. A krnyknkn legalbb ngy telefonflke van, de mr napok ta egyik sem
mkdik.
9. Tl sokat vsroltam, erre a hnapra alig van mr pnzem.
10. Az jszaka valaki babrlt a zrral, de elkezdtem zrgni, s elszaladt.
11. Nem kapott egyetlenegy vlaszt sem a hirdetsre.
12. Brki bemehet a nyitva hagyott ajtn, ha nem vagy vatos.
13. Ltta valaki, hogy a kertben dolgoztl, amikor betrtek a szomszdhoz?
14. Nhnyan a lnyok kzl elmentek a moziba, majd beltek egy cukrszdba egy
kis fagyit enni.
15. Van mg bors a tartban, vagy nekem kell teletltenem?
16. Adj egy kis tancsot, hogyan tehetnm el a beftteket gy, hogy ne romoljanak
meg.
17. Soha nincs semmilyen tleted arra vonatkozan, hogy hol tltsk a
szabadsgunkat.
18. Van, aki szereti a halszlt, s vannak emberek, akik egyltaln nem szeretnek
semmilyen haltelt.
19. Brmilyen sznre befestetheted a szoknydat, csak gy csinljk meg, hogy ne
legyen folt rajta.
20. Nem krnl mg egy kis stemnyt?
21. Senki sem tallta el a helyes vlaszokat, brmennyire is igyekeztek, ezrt egy
pontot sem tudok adni.
22. Mr nagyon unom, hogy soha nincs pnze, s mindig tlem kr valamennyit.
23. Nincs vesztegetni val idnk, azonnal neki kell llnunk a babahz ksztshez,
hogy hsvtra ksz legyen.
24. Olyan elfoglalt vagyok, hogy egyltaln nincs idm olvasni.

151
PRONOUNS

25. Nem volt ms vlasztsom, mint bevallani a felesgemnek, hogy vlni akarok.
26. Egyik bartom se ltta azt a fnyes jelensget az gen, amit n lttam kt nappal
ezeltt.
27. Alig maradt egy kis sr a htben. Hogy vrhatod, hogy sr nlkl nzznk
meccset?
28. A nagy tmeg miatt nem lttam semmit a killtott kpekbl.
29. Kell valahol valaminek lennie, ami kulcsot ad a rejtly megoldshoz.
30. Voltak nlad vendgek vasrnap? - Nem, egy sem.
31. Brmelyiktk eljhet a sznhzba, feltve, hogy van jegyetek.
32. Mg egy kis bort? - Ksznm, van mg egy kicsi.
33. Nem vagyok hajland valami dledez tanyn lni kilomterekre brmitl.
34. Ha valaki keresne, mondd meg, hogy ma korbban kellett mennem dolgozni.
35. Brki elvihette a lpcshzbl a babakocsit.
36. Gyertek el valamikor, hogy egy jt beszlgessnk.
37. Nha nagyon lehangolt vagyok, ha eszembejutnak elszalasztott lehetsgeim.
38. Van nhny knyvem az elmleti nyelvszetrl, de mostanban alig nyitom ki
valamelyiket is.
39. Melyik dik elg szorgalmas, hogy sztndjat kapjon? - Egyik sem.
40. "Nem mondhatom el senkinek, elmondom ht mindenkinek."
41. Sehol sem tallom azt a hamutartt, amit nszajndkba kaptam keresztapmtl.

Megoldsok
1.
I would like to borrow some money to buy a new gas-cooker.
2.
We can take any tram, all three of them go along the bank of the Danube.
3.
I would go anywhere with you, even to the world's end.
4.
I'm looking for some object to punch the sheets of paper with.
5.
I'm afraid there has been some error in his calculations.
6.
I'm awfully sorry but I can't stay any longer.
7.
I have no need for the book he brought here at all. / I don't need the book he
brought here at all.
8. There are at least four call-boxes in our surroundings but none of them has been
working for days.
9. I have done too much shopping, I have hardly any money for this month.
10. At night someone was fiddling with the lock but I started rattling and he ran away.
11. He didn't receive any answer/ He received no answer to his advertisement.
12. Anyone can enter through the open door if you aren't careful.
13. Did anybody see you working in the garden when the neighbouring house was
broken into?
14. Some of the girls went to the cinema, then to a confectionery to eat some ice
cream.
15. Is there some black pepper left in the pepper-pot or must I fill it up?
16. Give me some advice on how to conserve bottled fruit to stop it going bad.
17. You never have any idea as to where to spend our holidays.
18. Some people like fish soup and some don't like any kind of food made from fish at
all.
19. You can have your skirt dyed any colour, so long as they do it without leaving any
stains.
20. Would you like some more cake?
21. However hard they tried, no one/nobody could find the correct answer, therefore I
can give no points/I can't give any points.

152
R E F L E X I V E - RECIPROCAL P R O N O U N S PRONOUNS

22. I'm really fed up with his never having any money and always asking me for some.
23. We have no time to lose, we must get down to building the dolls' house so that it
will be ready by Easter.
24. I'm so busy that I have no time to read at all.
25. I had no other choice than to admit to my wife that I wanted to get divorced.
26. None of my friends saw the brightly shining thing in the sky that I saw two days
ago.
27. There's hardly any beer left in the fridge. How can you expect us to watch a match
without any beer?
28. The big crowd prevented me from seeing anything of the pictures on display.
29. There must be some clue to the solution of the mystery somewhere.
30. Did you have any visitors on Sunday? - No, I didn't have any.
31. Any of you may come to the theatre provided that you have tickets.
32. Some more wine? - Thanks, I still have some.
33. I won't live in some ramshackle farm-house kilometres/miles from anywhere.
34. Should anyone want to speak to me, tell him that I had to go to work earlier today.
35. Anybody could have taken the pram from the staircase.
36. Come to see us some time to have a good chat.
37. Sometimes I feel very depressed when I remember the opportunities I missed.
38. I have some books on theoretical linguistics but these days I hardly ever open any
of them.
39. Which student is hard-working enough to be given a scholarship? - None of them.
40. "I can't tell anybody, so I will tell everybody."
41.1 can't find the ashtray I got as a wedding-present from my godfather anywhere.

REFLEXIVE - RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Borotvlkozs kzben vletlenl megvgtam magam, persze megint akkor, amikor
sietnem kellett.
2. A frj s a felesg egymst hibztattk, amirt elromlott a hzassguk.
3. Amikor anyjtl bcszik, az mindig azt mondja, hogy vigyzzon magra.
4. Joe maga nyitotta ki az ajtt, amikor csengettek.
5. Nem szerette varratni a ruhit, inkbb sajt maga varrta.
6. A hgom egyedl l budapesti egyszobs laksban.
7. Kr, hogy nem lthatjuk magunkat a tkrben reggelente, amikor elalszunk s
ide-ode kapkodunk. ,
8. Magamban remekl tudok svdl beszlni, de ha meg kell szlalnom, zavarban
vagyok.
9. Remljk, jl rezted magad a jelmezblon.
10. A gyerekek biztosan jl fognak viselkedni a kirndulson, mert klnben nem
viszem ket sehova sem.
11. Elg nagyok vagytok mr ahhoz, hogy magatok kitakartstok a lakst.
12. Nem rintkeznek senkivel, mita a fiuk ngyilkos lett.
13. Maga a nyaklnc tetszett neki, de a zld gymnt nem.
14. Nagyon nehz az embernek jl rezni magt, ha senkit sem ismer a trsasgban.

153
PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE - RECIPROCAL P R O N O U N S

15. Magval az igazgatnvel beszltem ebben a gyben. ?

16. Mita vllalkoz lett, sajt magnak dolgozik.
17. llandan azt ismtelgeti, hogy magamrt szeret, nem a vagyonomrt.
18. n magam fizettem ki a szmlmat, nem engedtem, hogy a bartom akr csak egy
fagyira is meghvjon.
19. Soha nem tudja gy kifejezni magt, ahogy szeretn.
20. A bjcskz gyerekek minden erejkkel azon voltak, hogy minl elbb
megtalljk egymst.
21. k maguk prbltak mindenkit megvigasztalni, akiknek az vkhez hasonl
problmjuk volt.
22. Azt mondtam magamnak: Na, ezt ha trik, ha szakad, meg kell csinlnod!
23. Mirt vagy olyan lusta, hogy nem tudod magad megcsinlni a hzi feladatodat?
24. Elgg ismered magad ahhoz, hogy elvllalj egy ilyen bonyolult feladatot?
25'. Vehetek egy kis csokoldt? - Parancsolj!
26. hozta sajt magt olyan helyzetbe, hogy egyedl kell megtallnia a kivezet utat.
27. Varzstkrbe nztek, s lttk magukat, amint egyre kvrebb vltak.
28. Olyan lnynak ismerem, aki mindig csak magra gondol, soha senki msra.
29. Mi magunk ksztettk a bulira a szendvicseket, a vacsort pedig maga az nnepelt
fzte.
30. Nem maga takartotta ki a szobjt, hanem hvott egy takarttrsasgot, akik
elvgeztk a munkt helyette.

Megoldsok
1. During shaving I cut myself accidentally, at a time again, of course, when I was in a
hurry.
2. Husband and wife blamed each other for the breakdown of their marriage.
3. When he says good-bye to his mother, she always tells him to take care of himself.
4. Joe himself answered the door-bell.
5. She didn't like having her dresses made, she preferred to sew them herself.
6. My younger sister lives by herself in her bed-sitter in Budapest.
7. It's a pity we can't see ourselves in the mirror groping around sleepily after
oversleeping in the mornings.
8. My Swedish is excellent when I speak to myself but I'm embarrassed when I have
to speak aloud.
9. We hope you enjoyed yourself at the fancy-dress party.
10. The children will surely behave themselves on the trip because otherwise I won't
take them anywhere.
11. You are old enough to clean the flat by yourselves.
12. They have kept to themselves since their son committed suicide.
13. She liked the necklace itself but not the green diamond.
14. It's very difficult to amuse oneself if one doesn't know anybody in the group.
15.1 spoke to the head-mistress herself about this matter.
16. He has been self-employed since he became an entrepreneur.
17. She keeps repeating that she loves me for myself and not for my wealth.
18.1 myself paid my bill and didn't let my friend treat me even to an ice-cream.
19. She can never express herself the way she would like to.
20. The children playing hide-and-seek did their best to find one another as quickly as
possible.
21. They themselves tried to comfort everybody who had a problem similar to theirs.
22. I said to myself: One way or the other, you've got to do it.

154
REFLEXIVE - RECIPROCAL P R O N O U N S PRONOUNS

23. Why are you too lazy to do your homework yourself?

24. Do you know yourself well enough to take on such a complicated task?
25. May I have some chocolate? - Help yourself.
26. He got himself into such a situation that he has to find the way out by himself.
27. They looked into a magic mirror and saw themselves getting fatter and fatter.
28. I know her to be a girl who always just thinks about herself and never about
anybody else.
29. We prepared the sandwiches for the party ourselves, and dinner was cooked by the
person whose name-day/birthday we were celebrating.
30. He didn't clean his room himself but he called a cleaning company to do the job for
him.
ADJECTIVES C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S

ADJECTIVES

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

A mellknevek hasonltsa s fokozsa hrom szinten trtnik:

Alapfok: This girl is as old as my daughter.

Kzpfok: Your car is more comfortable than mine.
Felsfok: The house on the corner is the most beautiful building in town.

A nmet tpus kzpfok kpzse

Alap- s kzpfok
1. Rendesebb, mint te, biztosthatlak rla!
2. A fiuk, Mr. Brown, lustbb, mint valaha.
3. Fogalma sincs rla, kijtt ksbb.
4. A bartnd hidegebb, mint egy jgcsap!
5. Ha elbb jttl volna, most nem itt tartannk.
6. Ahogy kzeledtnk Dartmoorhoz, egyre sttebb lett.
7. Hamisabban hangzik, mint az elz vallomsa!
8. A sels kockzatosabb, mint az autversenyzs?
9. Nem tudtuk eldnteni, Budapest vagy Miskolc utci koszosabbak-e.
10. Brcsak valami szrazabb klmj orszgban telepedtnk volna le!
11. Semmilyen krlmnyek kztt nem merlhettek mlyebbre!
12. Elhatrozta, hogy kzelebb kltzik a szleihez.
13. A varrgped zajosabb, mint egy sugrmeghajts replgp-bombz.
14. Mg Woody Allimi is jkpbb.
15. Azt mondjk, Hinckley mg L. H. Oswaldnl is rltebb volt.
16. A savany uborka savanyksabb z, mint az alma, ugye?

Megoldsok
1. He is nicer than you, I can assure you.
2. Their son, Mr. Brown, is lazier than ever.
3. She has no idea who came later.
4. Your friend is colder than an icicle.
5. If you had come earlier, we wouldn't be just here now.
6. As we got nearer to Dartmoor, it got darker.
7. It sounds phonier than her previous confession.
8. Is skiing riskier than motor-racing?
9. We couldn't decide which were dirtier - the streets of Budapest or of Miskolc.
10. If only we had settled down in a country with a drier climate!
11. Under no circumstances can you go any deeper underwater.
12. He decided to move closer to his parents.
13. Your sewing machine is noisier than a jet bomber!

156
C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S ADJECTIVES
14. He is even handsomer than Woody Allen.
15. Hinckley is said to have been even crazier than L. H. Oswald.
16. Pickled gherkin tastes sourer than apples, don't they?

A francia tpus kzpfok kpzse

1. Egy csirke tnyleg intelligensebb, mint a dinoszauruszok voltak?
2. Vidmabb sztorikat is meslhetnl.
3. Nagyi pudingja mg annl is zletesebb, mint amit a mamd kszt!
4. Ha ilyen drga autd van, vatosabbnak kell lenned!
5. Ideje, hogy valami fisabb hajviseletet vgass.
6. Azrt vgjk ki az eserdket, mert azt hiszik, ott majd termkenyebb talajra
tallnak.
7. Claudia Schiffer szebb mr nem is lehetne.
8. Amit utna mondott, mg hihetetlenebb volt.
9. A te fiad mg remnytelenebb matekbl, mint az enym.
10. Egyre" nevetsgesebb vlt, amint ott llt s nekelni prblt.
11. Egy tacskkutya hsgesebb, mint egy bart?
12. Hatrozottan magabiztosabb, mint valaha volt, nem?
13. Makacsabb, mint brmely ms n, akit csak ismerek.
14. Ma prsabb a leveg, mint tegnap, nem?
15. 0 volt a legjobban feldobva az rettsgi utn.

Megoldsok
1. Is a chicken really more intelligent than the dinosaurs were?
2. You could at least tell more cheerful stories.
3. Granny's pudding is even more delicious than your mother's.
4. If you have such an expensive car, you must be more careful.
5. It's time you had your hair cut so that it looks more like a boy. (Nem mellknvvel
fejezzk ki!)
6. They clear rain forests because they expect to find more fertile soil there.
7. Claudia Schiffer couldn't be more beautiful than she is.
8. What he said afterwards was even more incredible.
9. Your son is even more hopeless at maths than mine.
10. He became more and more ridiculous standing there and trying to sing.
11. Is a Dachshund more loyal than a friend?
12. He is definitely more self-confident than he used to be, isn't he?
13. She is more obstinate than any other woman I know.
14. The air is more humid today than it was yesterday, isn't it?
15. He was more delighted/pleased than anybody else after the school-leaving exam.

A mellknv felsfoka - nmet tpus

1. Igazn nem kellett volna a legolcsbbat venned.
2. A Toyota tegnap mutatta be a legjabb mdszert arra, hogy hogyan kerljk el a
hallos baleseteket. -
3. Mindenki Leonardt tartja a legnagyobb festnek?
4. A legforrbb nyarak egyikn szerettnk egymsba, mg a hatvanas vek elejn.
5. A Pa-d-d a legviccesebb magyar pop-du, ugye?

157
ADJECTIVES C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S

7. Mit gondolsz, melyik a legtisztbb llat?

8. Mg a legegyszerbb krdst sem tudja megvlaszolni.
9. A vilg legregebb embere lltlag Japnban l.
10. Ennl nagyobb kzhelyet nem is mondhattl volna.
11. Mindnk kzl volt a legfiatalabb, gy t vlasztottuk kifutfinak.
12. Szerencsje van, uram, a legvilgosabb szobt foglalta le!
13. Ez a legnagyobb hazugsg, amit letemben hallottam!
14. Most ltja a mamd elszr a vilg legmagasabb plett?
15. Nekem azt mondtk, ez a legrvidebb t.

Megoldsok
1. You really shouldn't have bought the cheapest one.
2. Toyota presented its newest method of avoiding fatal accidents.
3. Is Leonardo universally considered to be the greatest painter?
4. We fell in love with each other during one of the hottest summers, as early as the
beginning of the 60's.
5. Pa-d-d is the funniest Hungarian pop-duos, isn't it?
6. She was the kindest geisha that I had ever known.
7. Which animal do you think is cleanest?
8. He can't answer even the simplest question.
9. The oldest man in the world is alleged to be living in Japan.
10. This is the commonest platitude you could have said.
11. He was the youngest of all of us so we chose him to be a courrier.
12. You are lucky, sir, to have reserved the brightest room.
13. It's the biggest lie I have ever heard in my life.
14. Is this the first time your mother has seen the tallest building in the world?
15. I have been told that this is the shortest way.

A mellknv felsfoka - francia tpus (the most....)

1. Szoks szerint lekste a legizgalmasabb jelenetet.
2. O volt a legbkezbb firenzei uralkod a XVI. szzadban.
3. Egy dolog van, amiben tehetsges: ki tudja vlasztani a legdrgbb s
legocsmnyabb ruht. St, fel is veszi!
4. Egyike volt a legjobban tisztelt tanroknak.
5. Tavaly a "legvakmerbb sofr" cmet kapta a rendrsgtl.
6. Melyik a legrtkesebb festmny a Louvre-ban?
7. rksgem legdrgbb darabja szmomra ez a kis rcska.
8. Ez a legfels szintje a nyelvtudsnak.
9. A krhz egy egsz sorozat legmodernebb felszerelst kapott.
10. Ez az llat ktsgtelenl a vilg legvisszatasztbb hllje.
11. A legtisztessgtelenebb parlamenti kpviselket le kellene vltani.
12. Gretzkyt 802. glja utn a leglelkesebb szurkoli ksrtk haza, autja mellett
futva.
13. A "Schindler listja" volt a v legmegindtbb filmje.
14. Az volt a legbosszantbb dolog, hogy nem nzett rnk, mikor hozznk beszlt.

158
C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S ADJECTIVES
Megoldsok
1. As usual, he missed the most exciting scene.
2. In the 16th century he was the most generous ruler in Florence.
3. There is one thing she is talented at: choosing the most expensive and the ugliest
dress. What's more, she even wears it.
4. He was one of the most respected teachers.
5. He was given the title of'the most reckless driver' by the police last year.
6. Which is the most valuable painting in the Louvre?
7. For me the most precious part of my legacy is this tiny watch.
8. This is the most advanced level of language proficiency.
9. The hospital has been given a whole set of the most modern equipment.
10. This animal is undoubtedly the most repulsive reptile in the world.
11. The least honest/most dishonest MPs should be replaced.
12. After scoring his 802nd goal, Gretzky was accompanied as far as his home by his
most enthusiastic fans, running alongside his car.
13. Schindler's List has been the most moving film of the year.
14. The most irritating thing was that he didn't look at us when speaking to us.

Rendhagy mellknevek fokozsa - kzpfok

1. Biztos csal, mert az eredmnyei mindig jobbak, mint az enymek.
2. A gazdasgi helyzet olyan rossz, hogy ezutn csak jobb lehet.
3. Rosszabb mr nem is lehet!
4. A dolgok csak rosszabbra fordulhatnak.
5. Melyik rt kedveled jobban: Styront vagy Faulknert? - Az utbbit.
6. A hgom azonban az elbbit kedveli, mert nagy Styron-imd.
7. Mindig mindent megbocst az idsebbik finak.
8. A te hzad messzebb van az iskoltl, mint az enym?
9. Nemcsak fizetsemelst krt, hanem tovbbment: azt is kvetelte, hogy azonnal
lptessk el.
10. Sokkal kevesebb nyakkendm van, mint Johnnynak.
11. Ha nem akarod alsni az egszsgedet, kevesebbet kellene dolgoznod.
12. Ki tud tbb nyelven beszlni? Te vagy a frjed?
13. Mg a dsgazdagok is egyre tbb pnzt akarnak keresni.
14. Ez a te nagynnikd mg az n anysomnl is rosszabb.
15. Ksbbi mvei mr magukon hordoztk a mvszi hajlam nmely jegyeit.

Megoldsok
1. He must be cheating as his results are always better than mine.
2. The economic situation is so bad that from now on it can only get better.
3. It couldn't be worse.
4. Things can only get worse.
5. Which writer do you prefer, Styron or Faulkner? - The latter.
6. But my sister prefers the former as she is a big fan of Styron. / My sister prefers
Styron because she is a big fan of his.
7. He always forgives to his elder son everything.
8. Is your house farther from the school than mine?
9. Not only did she ask for a pay-rise, she went further: she also demanded to be
promoted immediately.

159
ADJECTIVES C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S

10. I have a lot less/far fewer ties than Johnny does.

11. If you don't want to undermine your health, you should work less.
12. Who speaks more languages? You or your husband?
13. Even the super-rich want to earn more and more money.
14. This aunt of yours is even worse than my mother-in-law.
15. His later works bore some signs of artistic inclinations.

Rendhagy mellknevek fokozsa - felsfok

1. volt a legjobban ltztt n a partin.
2.Sikerlt megvenned a legrosszabb autt.
3.Messze a legjobb beosztottad, ideje, hogy ellptesd.
4.Idig a Ben Hur kapta a legtbb Oscar-djat.
5.Ngy slyos llapot betegnk van, de Mrs. Jones a legbetegebb.
6. Sok rosszindulat regasszonyt ismerek, de messze Lady Winfred a legrosszabb
kzlk.
7. Megvan neked a Time legutbbi szma?
8. Megkrdezte a titkrnjt, hogy hol van a legtvolabbi falu, s odakldte szegny
Frankt zletet ktni.
9. Ktsgtelen, Mary ment a legmesszebbre, mikor azt kvetelte, hogy buktassuk meg
az igazgatt. ' .
10. Most akkor Irene vagy Annelise a legidsebb nvred?
11. Csodlkoztam, hogy adta b a dolgozatt utolsknt.
12. Legelszr is hadd hirdessem ki a vizsga idpontjt.
13. Rengeteg francia blyegnk van, de neki van a legtbb.
14. Ez a legkevesebb, amit az ember egy ilyen rendes haverrt megtesz.
1 5 . 0 kvette el a legkevesebb hibt a dolgozatban.

Megoldsok
" 1. She was the best dressed woman at the party.
2. You managed to buy the worst car.
3. He is by far your best employee, it's time you promoted him.
4. So far Ben Hur has been awarded the most Oscars. / Up to now Ben Hur holds the
record for being awarded the largest number of Oscars.
5. We have four patients in critical condition but Mrs. Jones is the worst.
6. I know a lot of evil old women but Lady Winfred is by far the worst of them.
7. Have you got the latest issue of Time?
8. He asked his secretary where the farthest village was and sent poor Frank to do
business there.
9. No doubt it was Mary who went furthest by demanding that we should overthrow
the director.
10. So who is your eldest sister - Irene or Annelise?
11. I was surprised at his being the last to hand in the exam-paper.
12. First and foremost, let me announce the date of the exam.
13. We have a great number of French stamps but he has the most of them.
14. This is the least one can do for such a nice person/chap.
15. He made the fewest mistakes in the test.

160
C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S ADJECTIVES
"Fura" mellknevek, melyek jelentse ms, ha a sz eltt ill. mgtt ll
Felsfok
1. A jelenlev hlgy az n jelenlegi felesge?
2. Az aggd felesg frje minden kvnsgt teljestette.
3. Hajland az rintett hlgy nyilatkozni a tmadi klsejrl?
4. Hrom napig tartott, amg rjttnk a bonyolult jogi problma megoldsra.
5. Van olyan orszg, ahol a Parlament nem egy vlasztott testlet?
6. Hogy szinte legyek, a btym az egsz csald mindenben legilletkesebb tagja.
7. Mirt nem jelent meg a felels szemly?
8. Nhny ember szmra Hitler a megtesteslt gonosz volt.
9. A megvlasztott miniszterelnk jniusban alakthat kormnyt.
10. Az rintett miniszter nagyon bonyolult vlaszt adott a viszonylag egyszer
krdsre.
11. Minden rintett orszgnak le kellene mondania arrl, hogy a szemetet a tengerbe
ntse.
12. Minl jobban aggdsz a slyod miatt, annl kvrebb leszel.

Megoldsok
1. Is the woman present your present wife?
2. The concerned wife did everything her husband asked her to.
3. Will the woman concerned/involved make a statement on the appearance of her
attackers?
4. It took us three days to hit upon the solution of/to the involved legal issue.
5. Is there any country where the Parliament is not an elected body?
6. To be frank, my brother is the most responsible member of the family.
7. Why didn't the person who was responsible turn up?
8. For some people, Hitler was the devil incarnate.
9. The PM elect can form a government in June.
10. The minister involved gave a very involved/complicated answer to the relatively
simple question.
11. All the countries concerned should desist from pouring rubbish into the sea.
12. The more concerned you are about your weight, the fatter you will be.

Mellknevek (mdhatrozk), melyek csak lltmnyknt illetve csak jelzknt

szerepelhetnek
1. Most az egyszer tnyleg beteg, gy tnik.
2. A beteg nagypapt krhzba szlltottk.
3. Amikor a kirlyfi megtallta Csipkerzsikt, az mlyen aludt.
4. Teljesen egyedl vagyok egy kis lyukban s rettent magnyosnak rzem magam.
5. A rmlt birkk tudtk, mitl flnek: kzeledett egy hes farkascsorda.
6. lsz mg? Ksznm, lek s virulok.
7. Jobban szeretem az l kzvettseket nzni, mint koncertre jrni.
8. Csak az l kgyktl fl, ha mr megdglttek, nem rdeklik.
9. Azt hittem, alszik, de amikor belptem, teljesen bren volt.
10. A folyamat elejn van egy csom sejt, mely teljesen egyforma.
11. A kis haj biztonsgban szott az cenon.
12. Van egy kis hzam, sokkal kisebb, mint az a te palotd.

161
ADJECTIVES C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S

13. bren tlttt hossz rk utn vgre elaludt, de szrny lmai voltak.
14. Amikor a bl utn visszatrtek a hzba, az egsz hz gett.
15. Ebbe a szobba senkinek nem szabad belpni g cigarettval.

Megoldsok
1. For once he really seems to be ill.
2. The sick grandfather was taken to hospital.
3. When the prince found Sleeping Beauty, she was fast asleep.
4. I'm all alone in a tiny hole and I feei awfully lonely.
5. The frightened sheep knew what they were afraid of: a pack of hungry wolves were
approaching them.
6. Are you still alive? Thanks, I'm alive and kicking.
7. I prefer watching live broadcasts to going to concerts.
8. She is only afraid of living snakes and doesn't care about them when they are dead.
9. I thought he was asleep but when I entered he was wide awake.
10. At the beginning of the process there is a bunch of identical cells.
11. The small ship was safely afloat on the ocean.
12. I have a small house, a lot smaller than that palace of yours.
13. After long, waking hours she finally fell asleep but then she had horrible
nightmares.
14. When they returned to their house after the ball, the whole house was alight.
15. No one can enter this room with a lit cigarette.

Minl..., annl...
1. Minl tbbet tanulsz, annl tbbet felejtesz.
2. Minl gyorsabban futott, ldzi annl jobban lemaradtak.
3. Minl tbb ajndkot vesz, annl boldogabb tesz engem.
4. Minl szkebb egy siktor, annl kevsb vagyok hajland bemenni.
5. Minl okosabbnak tnt, annl jobban felesgl akarta venni.
6. Minl elkelbb a vendg, a hostessnek annl udvariasabbnak kell lennie hozz.
7. Minl tbbszr srted meg, annl valsznbb, hogy elveszted t.
8. Ahogy regszik, egyre szenilisebb.
9. Minl nehezebb hozzfrni egy informcihoz, neknk annl tbbet r.
10. Minl tovbb beszlt, annl zavarosabbnak hatott az egsz.
11. Minl alacsonyabb vagy, annl kevesebb az eslyed, hogy te legyl az j Magic
Johnson.
12. Minl kevsb vagy feldlt, annl jobban ltod a kvetkezmnyeket.
13. Minl rvidebb egy ls, annl jobb.
14. Minl tbb id telik el, annl kevesebb remnynk marad.
15. Minl hamarabb befejezed a zaklatst, annl hamarabb bocst meg.
16. Minl hamarbb ider, annl jobb, mert beszlnem kell vele.
17. Minl tbb tapasztalatot szerzett a vezetsben, annl knnyebben reaglt
vszhelyzetekben.
18. Minl tbbet gyakorolja az angol mondatok fordtst, annl jobban fejldik a
fordtsi kszsge.
19. Minl blcsebb dntseket hoz, alkalmazottai annl jobban tisztelik.
20. Minl tovbb hallgatom t, annl kevsb tudok hinni neki.
21. Minl tehetsgesebb vagy, annl nehezebb kellkppen megfizetett llst tallnod.

162
C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S ADJECTIVES
22. Minl tbbet fusizik, annl kevsb kpes a munkahelyn megfelelni az
elvrsoknak.
23. Minl szennyezettebb a vilg levegje, annl rosszabbak az lvilg kiltsai.
24. Minl kevesebb erfesztst teszel arra, hogy megtanuld a tteleket, annl
valsznbb, hogy megbuksz a szrvizsgn.
25. Minl kevesebb idt szentelsz a munkdnak, annl kevesebb a sikerlmnyed.

Megoldsok
1. The more you learn the more you forget.
2. The faster he ran the further his pursuers fell behind.
3. The more presents he buys the happier he makes me.
4. The narrower a passage is the less willing I am to enter it.
5. The cleverer she seemed to be the more he wanted to marry her.
6. The more distinguished a guest is the politer a hostess must be with him.
7. The more times you offend her the more likely it is that you will lose her.
8. The older he grows the more senile he becomes.
9. The less available / The more difficult a piece of information is to get the more we
value it.
10. The longer he spoke the more confused the whole thing seemed.
11. The shorter you are the less chance you have of becoming the new Magic Johnson.
12. The less upset you are the better you can see the consequences.
13. The shorter a meeting is the better.
14. The more time passes the less hope we have.
15. The sooner you stop pestering her the sooner she'll forgive you.
16. The sooner he gets here the better, because I must speak to him.
17. The more driving experience he got the more easily he reacted to emergencies.
18. The more he practises translating English sentences the more his translation skills
improve.
19. The more sensible decisions he makes the more his employees respect him.
20. The longer I listen to him the less I can believe him.
21. The more talented you are the more difficult it is for you to find an adequately paid
job.
22. The more moonlighting he does the less he is able to meet expectations at his main
job.
23. The more polluted the world's air is, the worse the prospects of its flora and fauna
are.
24. The less effort you make to learn the topics, the more likely you are to fail the filter
exam.
25. The less time you devote to your work, the less sense of achievement you have.

Vegyes pldamondatok
1. Azt mondjk Pterrl, hogyjszvbb, mint Jnos.
2. Amikor Joe bcsi olyan fiatal volt, mint te, sokkal szlesebb vlla volt.
3 . 0 a legdivatbb ruhatervez, akivel valaha egytt dolgoztam.
4. A legrosszabb az volt a kirndulson, hogy nem tudtunk felmenni abba a TV-
toronyba, ahonnan olyan csodlatos a kilts, mint egy helikopterrl.
5. Ugyanolyan mksan van befonva a lnyod haja, mint a szomszd kislny.
6. Nem volt olyan okos, hogy vgre tudta volna hajtani a rbzott feladatot.

163
ADJECTIVES C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S

6. Nem volt olyan okos, hogy vgre tudta volna hajtani a rbzott feladatot.
7. pp olyan mret az n ruhm is, mint Kat.
8. Menjnk olyan kzel az llatokhoz, amilyen kzel csak lehet.
9. A tanrunk tbb, mint kedves volt, amikor tancsot krtnk tle.
10. 0 a legidsebb btym, aki mr egy ve tlti a katonaidejt.
11. Kati legalbb t vvel idsebbnek ltszik, mint amennyi valjban, pedig a
legfiatalabb a csaldban.
12. A te kakad nem olyan j, mint amit az desanyd kszt.
13. Az j tornyot majdnem olyan magasra ptettk, mint a prizsi Eiffel-torony.
14. Nem hinnm, hogy olyan sokba kerlne az a ruha, mint ahogy a bartndnek
mondtk.
15. Sokkal ersebb, mint amilyennek vrtam: kpzeld, egyedl mozgatta a btorokat a
szobjban, amikor trendezte.
16. Azt mondja a gyerekem tanrnje, hogy John a legrosszabb az osztlyban, de az
IQ-ja jval tbb 100-nl.
17. A felpttetett hz olyan nagy volt, hogy inkbb hasonltott kastlyhoz, mint csaldi
hzhoz.
18. Ez a legeslegjobb koncert, amit valaha lttam. Elhiheted nekem, mert mr
vgigltem egynhny koncertet.
19. Kvncsi lennk, mirt szereti jobban a pacalprkltet a tlttt papriknl.
20. Mirt vettl kt szmmal nagyobb cipt, mint amilyenre szksged van?
21. A film tovbb tartott, mint ahogy vrtuk, ezrt lekstk az utols buszt, amivel
haza tudtunk volna menni.
22. Ez a magas fi a legkevsb figyelmes gyerek az osztlyban.
23. Nem beszl olyan jl olaszul, mint a bartja, pedig egy vig lt Olaszorszgban.
24. Simone-rl azt mondjk, hogy inkbb anya volt, mint felesg.
25. Byron versei egyszerbbek, rzelemdsabbak s kevsb vizulisak.
26. Amikor Londonba mentek, a legkevsb drga szllodban laktak.
27. Ezek a legfinomabb stemnyek, amit valaha ettem.
28. Egyre lassabban mentek, ahogy lttk a szembejv autsok traffipaxra utal
jelzseit.
29. Steve rgi bartnje sokkal csinosabb volt, mint a menyasszonya.
30. A vicc, amit meslt, a lehet legzlstelenebb volt.
31. Lebontottk a vros legrgibb szllodjt, mert mr letveszlyes volt.
32. A leghelyesebb, amit tehetsz, hogy vidkre vonulsz egy kis idre.
33. Azok az autk a legcsicssabbak, amiket a vrosszli maszeknl lehet kapni.
34. A legtermszetesebb mdon viselkedett, amikor a rendrsg kzlte, hogy
megltk a felesgt.
35. Hromszor akkorra ntt a paradicsomom a kertben, mint tavaly.
36. a legkedvesebb, legaranyosabb ember a vilgon, csak kr, hogy messze lakik
tlem s ritkbban tallkozunk, mint rgente.
37. gy rzem, az, aki a legkevesebbet tanul, de a legjobban tudja a biolgit s a
kmit, de nem a legutols a fizikban sem.
38. Igazn dobhattad volna messzebb a labdt: gy most rosszabb jegyet fogsz kapni
ebbl a gyakorlatbl.
39. Pter beszl a leghangosabban, szinte tlkiablja a tbbieket is.
40. Murphy trvnyei igazn lvezetes olvasnivalk, de a legtbb tapasztalatot a sajt
letedbl mertheted.
41. Jobban szeretem a magas fikat, mint az alacsonyabbakat, de aki mg Ferinl is
magasabb, az mr 'elveszett' szmomra.

164
C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S ADJECTIVES
43. Nem nagyon tetszik ez a festmny, mert a fest tl stt rnyalatot adott a bal
saroknak, holott sokkal jobb lett volna, ha ugyanolyan sznt hasznl, mint a jobb
oldalon.
44. Bizalmasabb lehettl volna velem, hisz jobb bartnd vagyok, mint Sue.

Megoldsok
1. Peter is said to be more kind-hearted than John.
2. When Uncle Joe was as young as you are, he had much broader shoulders.
3. She is the most old-fashioned dress designer who I have ever worked with.
4. The worst thing about the trip was that we couldn't go up into the TV tower, from
which the view is as marvellous as from a helicopter.
5. Your daughter's hair is plaited as funnily as that of the little girl in the
neighbourhood.
6. He wasn't clever enough to be able to carry out the task given to him.
7. My dress is of the same size as Kate's.
8. Let's go as close to the animals as possible.
9. Our teacher was more than kind when we asked her for advice.
10. He is my eldest brother, who has been in the army for a year now.
11. Kate seems to be at least five years older than she actually is, although she is the
youngest in the family.
12. Your cocoa is not as/so good as your mother's.
13. The new tower has been built almost as high as the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
14. I don't think that dress would cost as much as they told your friend.
15. He is much stronger than I had expected him to be. Believe it or not, he moved the
furniture in his room by himself when redecorating it.
16. My son's teacher says that John is the naughtiest boy in the class but his IQ is much
higher than 100.
17. The house they had had built was so big that it was more like a palace/mansion
than a family house.
18. This is by far the best concert I have ever seen. You can believe me, as I have
already sat out several concerts.
19. I wonder why he prefers tripe stew to stuffed peppers.
20. Why did you buy a pair of shoes two sizes larger than you need?
21. The film lasted longer than we had expexted so we missed the last bus home.
22. This tall boy is the least attentive pupil in the class.
23. He speaks Italian less well than his friend, although he lived in Italy for a year.
24. Simone is said to have been more of a mother than a wife.
25. Byron's poems are simpler, more emotional and less visual.
26. When they were in London, they stayed at the least expensive hotel.
27. These are the most delicious cakes I have ever eaten.
28. They were driving more and more slowly when they saw the oncoming cars
signalling a speed check.
29. Steve's previous girlfriend was much prettier than his fiancee.
30. The joke he told was in the worst possible taste.
31. The town's oldest hotel has been demolished because it was already in a dangerous
condition.
32. You had best move to the provinces for a while.
33. The flashiest cars are the ones sold by private car dealer on the edge of town.
34. He behaved in the most natural way when the police informed him that his wife
had been murdered.

165
ADJECTIVES C O M P A R I S O N OF A D J E C T I V E S

34. He behaved in the most natural way when the police informed him that his wife
had been murdered.
35. My tomatoes in the garden grew three times as big as last year's.
36. He is the kindest, dearest man in the world, but it's a pity he lives a long way from
my place and we meet more rarely than we used to.
37. I think he's the one who studies least, but he's the best at Biology and Chemistry,
and he isn't bad at Physics either.
38. You should have thrown the ball farther, this way you are going to get a worse
mark for this exercise.
39. Peter speaks the loudest, he practically shouts the others down.
40. Murphy's laws are really enjoyable reading but you can draw most of your
experience from your own life.
41. I prefer tall boys to shorter ones but boys who are even taller than Franki don't
interest me.
42. Really, you shouldn't have made a secret of the fact that the freezer was more
expensive than the dish-washer.
43. I don't like this painting very much because the painter used too dark a shade on the
left, although it would have been much better for him to use the same colour as that
on the right.
44. You should have confided more in me, because I'm a better friend of yours than
Sue.'

AS vs. L I K E
Pldamondatok
1.
Ftknt dolgozik a Szchenyi-frdben tbb, mint 20 ve.
2.
Megbuktam a vizsgn, akrcsak a legtbb bartom.
3.
Nha gy viselkedik, mint egy kirlyn.
4.
Grard Depardieu olyan filmrendezkkel dolgozott, mint Bertolucci s Truffaut.
5.
Mivel nem volt viznk, a borunk utols cseppjeit ittuk meg.
6.
Amint azt mr elzleg emltettk, lesz az j piltnk.
7.
Argentnban, akrcsak Chilben, a spanyolt az emberek tlnyom tbbsge
anyanyelvknt beszli.
8. Pont gy nz ki, mint Robert Redford hsz vvel ezeltt!
9. Bizonyos tekintetben pp olyan, mint az a csknys nagyanyja.
10. Mindig egy olyan autt szerettem volna.
11. Amikor rmnz, ppen olyan, mint nhai apm.
12. Amilyen az apja, olyan a fia.
13. Kifinomult zlse van, akrcsak a hgnak.
14. Frjemhez hasonlan lnken tiltakoztam, amikor megkrte a lnyunk kezt.
15. Pa-d-d-nek ltztek.
16. gy ltztt, ahogy a Pa-d-d szokott.
17. Fanatikus focirajong volt, akrcsak valamennyi trsa.
18. Amint tudjtok, megegyezsnk szerint a szerzds lejrati ideje oktber 5-e.

Megoldsok
1. He has been working as a stoker in the Szchenyi Bath for over 20 years.
2. I failed the exam, as did most of my friends.
3. Sometimes she behaves like a queen.

166
ADVERBS

ADVERBS

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Mi baj? Mirt nzel rm ilyen szomoran?
2. A fiammal van valami baj, alig aludtam miatta tegnap.
3. Nemcsak hogy tkrszeg volt, de mg mlyen meg is srtett.
4. Amikor felhborodottan tiltakoztam, mg csak meg sem hallgatott.
5. Messzebbre ment szemtelensgben, mint eltte brmikor.
6. Ne beszlj olyan hangosan, a frjed meghallhatja.
7. Nem szmt, tud mindent, eltte beszlhetnk szabadon.
8. Krtem is tegnap, hogy bntesse meg a fiamat igazsgosan.
9. Attl tartok, hogy a fiambl hamarosan kbtszeres lesz.
10. Akkor pedig alig fog ajnlatokat kapni jnev cgektl.
11. Pedig jelenleg munkanlkli, igaz?
12. Mindig elg j volt matekbl, igaz?
13. Igen, s a tanra minden alkalommal elismeren nyilatkozott rla.
14. Igaz, hogy mr akkor is voltak furcsa szoksai, meglehetsen szeretett pldul
macskkat fojtogatni.
15. Igen? Pedig n azt hittem, hogy egy teljesen normlis gyerek.
16. Mostanban ksn jr haza.
17. Ez azrt van, mert lassan s vatosan vezet.
18. Olcsn vette a kocsijt?
19. Alig fizetett rte valamit.
20. Jobban mondva, ingyen kapta a nagybtyjtl, amikor az visszajtt Amerikbl.
21. Teljesen elfelejtette, hogy van egy igen gazdag nagybtyja.
22. Nagyon jl fizeti Joe-t, igaz?
23. Igaz, de Joe is rettenten hajt.
24. Nagyon akarta ezt a munkt, nem csoda, hogy most gy dolgozik, mint egy gz.

Megoldsok
1. What's the matter? Why are you looking at me so sadly?
2. .There's something wrong with my son, I got hardly any sleep yesterday because of
him.
3. Not only was he dead drunk but he also hurt me deeply.
4. When I protested hotly, he didn't even listen to me.
5. She went further in being cheeky than ever before.
6. Don't speak so loud, your husband may hear you.
7. It doesn't matter, he knows everything, so we can speak freely in his presence.
8. Yesterday I even asked him to punish my son fairly.
9. I'm afraid my son will soon become a drug-addict.
10. Then he is hardly likely to get any good offers from reputable firms.
11. But he's unemployed at the moment, isn't he?
12. He has always been fairly good at maths, hasn't he?
13. Yes, and his teacher spoke of him highly whenever we met.

168
STILL, A L R E A D Y , Y E T , A N Y LONGER, A N Y M O R E ADVERBS
14. It's true that he had strange habits even then. He rather liked strangling cats.
15. Really? I personally thought him to be a fairly normal child.
16. Lately he has been coming home late.
17. It's because he drives slowly and carefully.
18. Did he buy his car cheaply?
19. He hardly paid anything for it.
20. Or rather, he got it free from his uncle when he returned from America.
21. He clean forgot that he had such a wealthy uncle.
22. He pays Joe very well, doesn't he?
23. True, but Joe also works very hard.
24. He badly wanted that job, no wonder he is working like a slave.

STILL, ALREADY, YET, ANY LONGER, ANY MORE

Pldamondatok
1. letben van mg szegny pra? .
2. Mg igen, de mr nagyon sok vrt vesztett.
3. Mirt nem rtek ide mg a mentk?
4. Fogalmam sincs, mr ktszer is telefonltam nekik.
5. Fogadni mernk, hogy mg mindig a garzsban tblbolnak.
6. Ha nem rnek ide t percen bell, ez a szegny soha tbb nem fog autt vezetni!
7. n mr nem bzom benne, hogy meg tudjuk menteni az lett.
8. Mris feladtad a remnyt?
9. Mirt, te mg nem?
10. Nem ht. Mr bnom, hogy megkrtelek, hogy segts kiszedni ezt az embert a
roncsbl.
11. Mg nem lttalak ilyen elkeseredettnek.
12. Prblj megrteni, mg soha nem lttam ilyen rmes balesetet, s gy rzem, nem
tudom tovbb elviselni ennyi vr ltvnyt.
13. n teljesen megrtelek, de azrt mgis segthetnl.
14. Rendben, de grd meg, hogy nem szapulsz tbbet.
15. Mr nem haragszol rm, igaz?

Megoldsok
1. Is the poor creature still alive?
2. He still is, but he has already lost a lot of blood.
3. Why hasn't the ambulance got here yet?
4. I have no idea, I have already phoned them twice.
5. I bet they are still fussing in the garage.
6. If they don't get here in five minutes, this poor man won't ever drive a car again!
7. I don't believe we'll be able to save him any longer.
8. Have you given up hope already? (!)
9. Why, haven't you?
10. Of course not. Now I already regret asking you to help me take this man out of the
wreck.
11. I've never seen you so desperate before.

169
ADVERBS FAR, LONG, M U C H , M A N Y

12. Try to understand me. I have never seen such a horrible accident and I feel I can't
stand the sight of so much blood any longer.
13.1 fully understand you, but you could help me.
14. All right, but promise me not to run me down any more. / All right, but promise to
stop telling me off.
15. You aren't angry with me any longer, are you?

FAR, LONG, MUCH, MANY

Kzs jellemzjk, hogy nmagukban nem hasznlatosak kijelent mondatban, kivve, ha

egy mdostsz megelzi ket.
A MUCH s a MANY hasznlatra kln fejezetben tallhatk pldamondatok.

Pldamondatok
1. Messze van az a j kocsma?
2. Mit gondolsz, milyen messze lehet?
3. Szerintem j idbe telik, mg odarnk.
4. Pedig nagyon szomjas vagyok, meg tudnk inni annyi srt, mint egy tengersz.
5. Ht, ami azt illeti, a kocsma mg messze van. Elg messze. tkozottul messze.
6. Elg messze vagy nekem mr tl messze?
7. n gy rzem, alig tudok mr jrni. Mr nagyon sokat gyalogoltunk.

Megoldsok
1. Is it a long way to that good/nice pub?
2. How far do you think it could be?
3. As for me, I think it will take quite a long time to get there.
4. Although I'm very thirsty. I could drink a barrel of beer.
5. Well, as a matter of fact, the pub is still a long way from here. It's rather far. A hell
of a long way.
6. Is it rather far or too far for me?
7. I'm afraid I can hardly walk. We have already walked far too much.

170
CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTIONS

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Tegnap este tvt nztem s jsgot olvastam.
2. Meghvtam a moziba, de nem volt ideje eljnni.
3. Nem talltunk szabad szllodai szobt, ezrt az llomson aludtunk.
4. Lezuhanyoztam, majd felvettem a legszebb ruhmat.
5. Azt mondta, tl fradt stlni.
6. A te laksod olyan knyelmes, mint az enym.
7. A bartom hza drgbb volt, mint a mienk.
8. Ami a csomagokat illeti, a futszalagon fognak megrkezni.
9. Amint ltja, nincs pnz a parkolrban.

10.-Nem akar hazamenni t ra eltt, mert nem akar tallkozni az anysval.

Megoldsok
1. Yesterday evening I was watching TV AND reading a paper.
2. I invited him to the cinema BUT he didn't have time to come.
3. We couldn't find a vacant hotel room, SO/THAT'S WHY/THEREFORE we slept
at the railway station.
4. I had a shower, THEN I put on my most beautiful dress.
5. He said THAT he was too tired to walk.
6. Your flat is AS comfortable AS mine.
7. My friend's house was more expensive THAN ours.
8. AS FOR the luggage, it will arrive on the conveyor belt.
9. AS you can see, there is no money in the parking metre.
10. He doesn't want to go home before five o'clock, BECAUSE he doesn't want to meet
his mother-in-law.

CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
(mellrendel ktszk)

Pldamondatok
Kzp- s felsfok
1. A Pn-Eurpai Szvetsg az eurpai egysgnek s hagyomnyoknak elktelezett
politikai mozgalom.
2. Megfordult, s gyorsan elment.
3. Kt autjt felrobbantottk szlssgesek, de nem lt bennk.
4. Nmetorszgban szletett s nevelkedett, de Ausztriban telepedett le.
5. Izraelben a frfiakat s a nket egyarnt behvjk.

171
CONJUNCTIONS CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

6. Ha gondjaid vannak a gyerekekkel, hvj fel engem vagy a frjemet.

7. Harcolhatsz utols emberedig, vagy megadhatod magad.
8. Vagy megakadlyozod a kutydat abban, hogy a kertembe jjjn, vagy
megmrgezem.
9. A miniszterelnk se el nem ismerte, se nem cfolta az ellenzk vezetje ltal
felhozott vdakat.
10. Nemcsak hogy folykonyan beszl trkl, de az elszrt nomd trzsek
valamennyi dialektust is megrti.
11. Ne ebben a szllodban szlljunk meg: olyan lepusztult, s azonkvl drga.
12. Felesgt hallra tltk, azonban knnyen megszta.
13. Nem talltk bnsnek kbtszer-csempszetben, ezrt felmentettk.
14. Nem lehetett bns, mert klnben brtnbntetsre kellett volna, hogy tljk.
15. Senki nem hallott semmit, a nyomoz mgis azt hitte, hogy a betr mg a hzban
van.
16. Olyan sokszor megcsalta a felesgt, s az mgis szereti.
17. A lakst is s a gyerekeket is magnak kvetelte.
18. Nem hasznlhatod se a rzsomat, se a szemhjfestkemet.
19. Egy fityinget sem talltak, mindazonltal a betrk tovbb kutattak.
20. Rettenten bekpzelt, radsul el nem tudja kpzelni, hogy tvedhet.
21. Az elnk nem akart magyarzatot fzni a krdshez, az alelnk azonban erteljesen
tiltakozott.
22. Megbukott a vizsgn, ezrt a szlei nem engedtk el a nyri tborba.
23. Rendesen kell felltznd, klnben semmi eslyed sem lesz arra, hogy elnyerd az
llst.
24. Rettent meleg volt a szobban, mgsem volt hajland levenni a kabtjt.
25. Ben Johnson ktszer is megbukott a doppingvizsglaton, nhny kanadai mgis
nemzeti hsnek tartja.
26. Mire hazart, fl tizenegy volt, ezrt gy dntttnk, nem megynk moziba.
27. Tegnap lerobbant a kocsija, ezrt egy szerelt kellett hvatnia.

Megoldsok
1. The Pan-European Union is a political movement committed to European unity
AND traditions.
2. He turned round AND left quickly.
3. Two of his cars were blown up by extremists BUT he wasn't sitting in them.
4. He was born and raised in Germany BUT he settled down in Austria.
5. In Israel BOTH men AND women are called up.
6. If you have problems with the kids, phone me OR my husband.
7. You can fight until your last man dies OR you can surrender.
8. You EITHER stop your dog coming into my garden OR I'll poison him.
9. The PM NEITHER accepted NOR denied the charges brought up by the leader of
the opposition.
10. NOT ONLY does she speak Turkish fluently BUT she ALSO understands all the
dialects spoken by the scattered nomadic tribes in Turkey.
11. Let's not stay at this hotel. It's in such bad condition, BESIDES, it's expensive.
12. His wife was sentenced to death. He, HOWEVER, got off lightly.
13. He was not found guilty of drug-smuggling, THEREFORE he was acquitted.
14. He couldn't have been guilty, OTHERWISE he should have been sentenced to
imprisonment.

172
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS CONJUNCTIONS

15. Nobody could hear anything, YET the detective believed that the burglar was still
in the house.
16. He has been unfaithful to his wife so many times, YET she still loves him.
17. He demanded to be given the flat and the children AS WELL.
18. You may use NEITHER my lipstick NOR my eye-shadow.
19. Not a penny was found, NEVERTHELESS the burglars went on searching.
20. He is extremely conceited, BESIDES / IN ADDITION / MOREOVER, he can't
imagine that he may be wrong.
21. The President wouldn't comment on the issue. The Vice President, HOWEVER,
protested vehemently.
22. He failed the examination, THEREFORE / SO / THAT'S WHY his parents didn't
let him go to the summer camp.
23. You must dress neatly, OTHERWISE / OR ELSE you won't have any chance of
getting the job.
24. It was far too hot in the room, STILL she refused to take off her coat.
25. Ben Johnson failed the drugs test twice, YET he is considered to be a national hero
by some Canadians.
26. By the time she got home it was half past ten, SO we decided against going to the
cinema.
27. Her car packed up/broke down yesterday, SO she had to call in a mechanic.

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
(Alrendel ktszk)

Pldamondatok
1. Igaz, hogy elloptam az aranygyrjt, de a nyaklnchoz hozz sem rtem.
2. Megeskdtt, hogy soha tbb nem fog inni. s mit lttam msnap? t, amint a
kocsmban lldoglt.
3. Betegsge miatt nem tudott rszt venni a megbeszlsen.
4. Srlse miatt csak tvn nzhette a meccset.
5. A krlmnyekre val tekintettel a dkn megengedte, hogy elhalaszd a vizsgdat.
6. A tnyek ismeretben hasztalannak ltszik, hogy folytassuk a nyomozst.
7. Gyenge ltsom miatt nem lehetek lgikzlekeds-irnyt.
8. Mivel brtnben van, nlkle kell megbeszlnnk a kvetkez bankrablsunk
rszleteit.
9. Meggondolatlan vezetse kvetkeztben minden utasa meghalt.
10. Az n hibmbl az egsz munkt jbl el kellett vgezni.
11. Annak ellenre, hogy risi volt a hsg, egy fut sem adta fel a versenyt.
12. Annak ellenre, hogy az angol idjrs szeszlyes, sok francia turista tlti
szabadsgt Angliban.
13. Annak ellenre, hogy Mary frjnl van, bizonytkot talltunk arra, hogy viszonya
van a fnkvel.
14. Annak ellenre, hogy tavaly megkapta a Nobel-djat, nem tartjk nagy rnak.
15. Mivel csak egy Middlesex-i szab fia volt, nem vehette el a hercegkisasszonyt.
16. Elmeneklt, mert tudta, hogy tudom, hogy kicsoda .
17. A rendrfkapitny magn kvl volt a mregtl, mivel a betrk felszvdtak.
18. Elbvlten ltem ott, mivel mg soha nem hallottam eltte Mariah Carey-t
nekelni.

173
CONJUNCTIONS SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

19. Meglep mdon fizetsemelst kapott, br neki magnak sem volt fogalma rla,
hogy mirt.
20. Vilghr orvosknt reklmozta magt, br semmifle orvosi vgzettsge nem volt.
21. Az idegeimre ment azzal, hogy folyton azt krdezte, hogy nem lttam-e a felesgt
a szomszddal.
22. A fi nem volt biztos benne, hogy megvegye, vagy otthagyja.
23. Nem rdekel, hogy elvette-e a lnyomat, vagy sem - mondta az regember.

Megoldsok
1. It's true THAT I stole her golden ring but I didn't touch her necklace.
2. He swore THAT he wouldn't drink again. And what did I see the next day? Him
standing in the pub!
3. BECAUSE OF his illness he couldn't participate in the meeting.
4. BECAUSE OF his being injured, he could only watch the match on TV.
5. IN VIEW OF the circumstances, the principal allowed/has allowed you to postpone
your exam.
6. IN VIEW OF the facts, it seems useless to continue the investigation.
7. OWING TO my poor eyesight, I cannot be an air traffic controller.
8. DUE TO the fact that he is in prison, we will have to discuss the details of our next
bank-robbery without him.
9. DUE TO his driving recklessly, everyone in his car died.
10. OWING TO my mistake the whole job had to be done again.
11. DESPITE the enormous heat, none of the runners gave up the race.
12. DESPITE the fact that weather in Britain is capricious, a lot of French tourists
spend their holidays there.
13. IN SPITE OF Mary ('s) being married, we found proof that she is having an affair
with her boss.
14. IN SPITE OF the fact that he was awarded the Nobel Prize last year, he is not
considered to be a great writer.
15. ON ACCOUNT OF his being only the son of a Middlesex tailor, he was not
allowed to marry the daughter of the Duke.
16. He fled, BECAUSE he knew that I knew who he was.
17. The chief constable was beside himself with anger, FOR/SLNCE/BECAUSE the
burglars had disappeared.
18. I sat there fascinated, FOR/BECAUSE I had never heard Mariah Carey sing before.
19. Surprisingly she was given a pay-rise, THOUGH even she herself had no idea why.
20. He advertised himself as a world-famous doctor/physician ALTHOUGH he had no
. ' medical degree whatsoever.
21. He got on my nerves with his asking me all the time WHETHER / IF I had seen his
wife with his neighbour.
22. The boy was not sure WHETHER to take it or leave it.
23. 'WHETHER OR NOT he married my daughter, I don't mind', said the old man.

Idhatrozi mellkmondatok
1. Ha Norvgiban leszel, ne felejtsd el megltogatni lillesandi bartaimat.
2. Ha mr egyszer meggrted, hogy elviszed a cirkuszba, nem szegheted meg a
szavadat.
3. Vrt, amg minden zaj el nem csitult, s csak akkor mert elbjni a rejtekhelyrl.
4. Most, hogy ismered a terjes igazsgot, nem fogok tiltakozni, ha el akarsz vlni.

174
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS CONJUNCTIONS

5. Jobb lenne, ha lekopnl, haver, mieltt a zsaruk visszajnnek!

6. Folytatni fogjuk a tervet, mihelyt megkapjuk a fnk beleegyezst.
7. Mire a mentosztag megtallta a 13 embert, azok majdnem hallra fagytak, mivel a
vilgnak ezen a rszn a hmrsklet -58 fok is lehet.
8. Brmikor szvessget krsz tlem, rlni fogok, hogy viszonozhatom
kedvessgedet.

9. Amg tvol voltam, a titkrom s cinkosai tkutattk legtitkosabb irataimat.

Megoldsok
1. WHEN in Norway, don't forget to visit my friends in Lillesand.
2. ONCE you have promised to take her to the circus, you cannot go back on your
word.
3. He waited UNTIL / TILL all the noises died down. Only then did he dare to come
out of his lair.
4. NOW THAT you know the whole truth, I won't protest if you want to divorce me.
5. You'd better get lost BEFORE the cops come back, mate!
6. We'll go on with the project AS SOON AS we obtain the boss's consent.
7. BY THE TIME the rescue-team found the 13 men, they were almost frozen to
death, since the temperature can be as low as 58 degrees below zero in this part of
the world.
8. WHENEVER you ask me for a favour, I will be glad to return your kindness.
9. WHILE I was away, my secretary and his accomplices rifled through my most
confidential documents.
Helyhatrozi mellkmondatok
1. Fel a kezekkel s maradjon, ahol van! - kiltottk a zsaruk.
2. Brhov msz, emlkeid kvetni s ksrteni fognak. Nem meneklhetsz a
mltadtl.
3. Akrhov lpett, a jg repedezni kezdett a lba alatt.
4. Mindenhol, ahol jszakra megszllt, bartsgos emberek fogadtk.

Megoldsok
1. "Hands up and stay WHERE you are!", the cops shouted.
2. WHEREVER you go, your memories will follow you and haunt you. You cannot
escape from your past.
3. WHEREVER he stepped, the ice began to crack under his foot.
4. EVERYWHERE he stayed for the night people were kind to him.

Mdhatrozi mellkmondatok
1. "gy cselekedj, ahogy mondom, ne gy, ahogy cselekszem!" (Genesis: Jesus he
knows me)
2. El sem tudod kpzelni, mennyire megsrtetted azzal, hogy megjegyzst tettl a
hossz orrra.
3. gy nzett rm, mintha UFOnauta lennk.
4. A kisegr gy bmult a denevrre, mintha angyalt ltott volna.
5. Mg soha senki nem keltett bennem olyan rzseket, mint te.

175
CONJUNCTIONS SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Megoldsok
1. "Do AS I say, don't do AS I do!"
2. You have no idea HOW much you offended her BY making a remark on her long
nose.
3. He looked at me AS IF / AS THOUGH I were a UFOnaut/alien.
4. The little mouse stared at the bat AS IF / AS THOUGH he saw an angel.
5. "Nobody has ever made me feel THE WAY you make me feel."

Okhatrozi mellkmondatok
A "because" s a "for" hasznlatra lttunk pldkat a bevezet vegyes mondatsorozatban.

1. Mivel fogalma sem volt rla, hogyan oldja meg a helyzetet, blfflt.
2. Mivel a frjem nem volt hajland segteni a mossban, a szomszdot krtem meg.
Nos, gy kezddtt - shajtott a hlgy.
3. Mivel lttam, hogy mg nlam is kimerltebb, nem krtem meg, hogy prblja
folytatni az sst.

Megoldsok
1. AS he had no idea how to solve the situation, he bluffed.
2. "SINCE my husband refused to give me a hand with the washing, I asked the
neighbour. Well, that's how it began", the lady sighed.
3. SEEING that she was even more exhausted than me, I didn't ask her to try and go
on with the digging.

Megenged mellkmondatok
1. Tekintettel arra, hogy ktsgtelenl a leggretesebb jelentkez, gy gondolom,
neki kellene tlnnk az sztndjat.
2. Mivel elvlt ember, biztos vagyok benne, hogy Lynn sohasem menne hozz, mg
ha szerelmes lenne is bel. Tudod, milyen rgimdi egy lny Lynn!
3. Akrmennyire is tiszteled, most mr nem ms, mint egy sdi nzetekkel teli
regember.
4. Brmennyire is meg akarta nyerni a Los Angeles-i Kings csapata a Stanley Kupt, a
montreali Canadiens csapata tapasztaltabbnak bizonyult.
5. Br rveidet elfogadja, amit tettl, azt nem.
6. Brmennyire is szerette Mathilde Julin Sorit, nem kthetett vele hzassgot, mert
a fi nem volt nemesi szrmazs.
7. Br utl vezetni, knytelen elvinni minket, mert a trsasg egyetlen jzan tagja.
8. Brmily klnsnek tnik is, sok vi habozs utn lemondott tisztsgrl.
9. A gyerekeink Mercedesre vgynak, mg ellenben mi BMW-t terveznk venni.
10. Brmit is teszel, a dolgok sohasem fordulnak jobbra.

Megoldsok
1. CONSIDERING THAT he is undoubtedly the most promising applicant I think that
we should give him the scholarship.
2. Since he is a divorced man, I'm sure Lynn would never marry him, EVEN IF she
loved him. You know what an old-fashioned girl Lynn is! ,
3. MUCH AS you respect him, he is nothing but an old man with antiquated ideas
now.

176
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS CONJUNCTIONS

4. HOWEVER BADLY the L.A. Kings wanted to win the Stanley Cup, the Montreal
Canadiens proved to be a team with more experience.
5. WHILE she accepts your arguments, she cannot accept what you did.
6. HOWEVER MUCH Mathilde loved Julien Sorel, she couldn't marry him, since he
was not a member of the nobility.
7. EVEN THOUGH he hates driving, he has to give us a lift, since he is the only
sober member of the company.
8. STRANGE THOUGH it may appear, he resigned after several years' hesitation.
9. Our children are longing for a Mercedes WHEREAS we plan to buy a BMW.
10. "NO MATTER WHAT you do, things never get any better." (Phil Collins)

Clhatrozi mellkmondatok
1. larcot tett fel, hogy ldozatai ne tudjk azonostani.
2. Kicsit odbb hzdott, hogy a mellette l frfi ki tudja nyjtani a lbait.
3. Mindig magamnl hordom a vadszpuskmat arra az esetre, ha valaki megprblna
megtmadni az jszaka kzepn.
4. Miutn kt fenyeget levelet kapott, felbrelt kt testrt, nehogy Valaki meglje.
5. Tudvn, milyen furfangosak az ellensgei, a kirly nem volt hajland megenni a
vacsorjt, attl tartva, hogy az esetleg meg van mrgezve.
6. Csak azrt megy el a lakodalmadra, hogy annyit egyen, amennyit csak br.
7. Volt frje regasszonynak ltztt, hogy mindenki dajknak higgye.
8. Mindig magval hordja a rditelefonjt, ha a felesge fel akarn hvni.
9. rtatlan kpet vgott, nehogy valaki rjjjn, hogy harapta meg az ccst, s nem
fordtva.
10. Bezrta a kutyt, attl flve, hogy megharapja a vendg gyerekeket.
11. A terroristk betmtk a szjt, hogy elhallgattassk.
12. Lbujjhegyen jtt be a szobba, nehogy felbressze a gyerekeket.
13. Mindent megtett azrt, hogy rvegye: legyen a felesge.
14. Mindent meggrt Jlinak, hogy ne vesztse el, de a lny mr nem tudott hinni
neki.

15. Hazakldte Jamie-t, hogy a gyerekei ne kaphassk el esetleg az influenzjt.

Megoldsok
1. He put on a mask SO THAT his victims could not identify him.
2. He moved aside a little bit IN ORDER THAT the man sitting next to him could
stretch his legs.
3. I always carry my shotgun with me IN CASE someone tries to mug me in the dead
of night.
4. After receiving two threatening letters she employed two body guards LEST
someone SHOULD kill her.
5. Knowing how resourceful his enemies were the king refused to eat the dinner FOR
FEAR THAT it might be poisoned.
6. He's only going to your reception SO THAT he can / IN ORDER TO eat as much
as possible.
7. Her ex-husband dressed himself up as an old lady IN ORDER THAT everybody
should believe that he was a nanny.
8. He always has his cordless phone with him IN CASE his wife wants to call him.
9. She put on an innocent face LEST someone (SHOULD) realize that it was her who
bit her brother and not the other way round.

177
CONJUNCTIONS SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

10. He locked the dog away FOR FEAR THAT it would bite the children who visited
him.
11. The terrorists gagged her mouth SO AS TO keep her silent..
12. He came into the room on tiptoe LEST he SHOULD wake up the children.
13. He did his best IN ORDER TO persuade her to be his wife.
14. He promised everything to Julie IN ORDER NOT TO lose her, but the girl couldn't
believe him any more.
15. She sent Jamie home SO THAT her children MIGHT not catch flu from him.

Korltozst kifejez hatrozi mellkmondatok ktszavai

1. Pnzgyminiszternknek meg kellene rtenie, hogy a magas jvedelemad
veszlyes, mert elveheti az emberek kedvt a kemny munktl.
2. Teller Ede magyar, amennyiben magyarnak szletett, de mr rgta amerikai
llampolgr.,
3. A gygyszer meglehetsen rtalmatlan, mivelhogy csak kt patknyon mutatkoztak
mellkhatsok.

Megoldsok
1. Our Minister of Finance should understand that high income tax is dangerous IN
THAT it may discourage people from working hard.
2. Teller Ede is Hungarian IN SO FAR AS he was born in Hungary but he has been
an American citizen for a long time.
3. The medicine is fairly harmless INASMUCH AS only two rats showed side-
effects.

178
 PREPOSITIONS

PREPOSITIONS

Pldamondatok
Alapfok
1. Tegnap 8-tl 5-ig dolgoztam, de 6-kor mr a moziban voltam.
2. A fiam nagyon j biolgibl, de egyltaln nem rdeklik a nyelvek.
3. Hogy tudtok kijnni a fizetsetekbl, ha tanrember a frjed?
4. Egy ra mlva leszllunk a vonatrl Kecskemten.
5. Semmilyen kzs tulajdonsgunk nincs: n idegenvezetknt dolgozom egy utazsi
irodnl, pedig szakmja szerint mrnk.
6. Vgl a replgp tz rakor felszllt.
7. Nyolc rra a munkahelyn kell lennie, mert a fnk haragszik r, ha elksik.
8. Odamentem az eladhoz, s krtem tle egy kt szerz ltal rt angol nyelvknyvet.
9. Mirt nem figyelsz oda r, amikor arrl beszl, hogy a finak mi a foglalkozsa?
10. Sajnos pillanatnyilag elfogyott a marhahs, de megvrhatja a teherautt, mely
nemsokra meghozza.

Megoldsok
1. Yesterday I worked from 8 to 5 but at 6 o'clock I was already at the cinema.
2. My son is very good at biology but he isn't interested in languages at all.
3. How can you manage on your salary if you are married to a teacher?
4. In an hour we shall get off the train at/in Kecskemt.
5. We have nothing in common: I work for a travel agency as a guide and he is an
engineer by profession.
6. In the end the airplane (US) /aeroplane (GB) took off at ten o'clock.
7. He must be at work by eight because the boss gets angry with him when he is late.
8. I went up to the shop-assistant and asked her for an English course-book/text book
by two authors.
9. Why don't you listen to him when he is speaking about what his son does for a
living?
10. I'm afraid we are out of beef at the moment but you can wait for the lorry that will
deliver it soon.

Idt jellk
Kzp- s felsfok
1. Hogy tud ez mindig kt perccel ngy eltt belltani a hivatalba?!
2. A macsknak mindig ebdkor jut eszbe, hogy srgsen ki kell mennie.
3. Rszeg hajnalban, dlben s jszaka is.
4. Pnksdkor ti se mentek suliba, igaz?
5. Akkoriban mg nem voltak piros sportkocsik, gyhogy a tindzserek leginkbb
bicikliken "szguldoztak".
6. Az orszg legidsebb frfija 105 ves korban nslt meg tdszrre.

179
PREPOSITIONS

7. Htfn bevitt egy pisztolyt az iskolba - az apja fegyvert, mint ksbb kiderlt - s
megsebestett nhny dikot, lltlag azrt, mert utlta a htfket.
8. A nyolcvanas vekben minden fiatal a discba jrt szombat estnknt - vagy
legalbbis a Bee Gees ezt hitte.
9. Jlius 4-n az amerikaiak a fggetlensg napjt nneplik.
10. Azon a napon krte meg elszr a kezem. s utna mg.24-szer.
11. 30. hzassgi vforduljuk alkalmbl jelentettk be, hogy elvlnak.
12. Hsvt htfn vagy hsvt vasrnap locsolkodnak a magyarok?
13. Rendben, akkor holnap reggel tallkozunk a parlament eltt. El ne felejtsd hozni a
bombt!
14. Hallottad, hogy februrban rekordhideget mrtek Londonban?
15. Nhny orszg komolyan azt hiszi, hogy mr 1997-ben tagja lehet az EEC-nek.
16. Nhny angol hajlamos azt hinni, hogy mg mindig a XIX. szzadban l, a
dicssges Viktria-korszakban.
17. Tudom, hogy most nagyon ki vagy borulva, de tavasszal knnyebb lesz, megltod.
18. Az egyik bvrunknak elfogyott a levegje, t percen bell megfullad, ha nem kap
oxignt.
19. lj nyugodtan, tz perc mlva odarnk.
20. Soha nem ksik el az eladsrl, mindig idben ott van.
21. Azt hiszem, nem fogunk ksni a kd miatt: pontosan szllunk fel.
22. Minden sebsz jkor megrkezett a Sebszek 17. Nemzetkzi Konferencijra.
23. Eleinte a szleim nagyon elleneztk, hogy indiai vlegnyem legyen, de a vgn
beadtk a derekukat.
24. Elszr azt gondoltuk, hogy egy jl megtermett mkussal van dolgunk.
25. Vgre megltttuk a tvolban a lovasok csillog pncljt a porfelhben.
26. A film elejn volt nhny vres jelenet, de ezektl eltekintve elg mulatsgos film
volt.
27. Az elads vgn az elad hagyott tz percet arra, hogy az rdekldk krdseket
tehessenek fel neki.
28. Mjus 20-ra, ha addig nem vltozik semmi, befejezzk az iskolavet.
29. Megrkezskor vette csak szre, hogy az sszes hitelkrtyjt a msik zakja bels
zsebben hagyta.
30. Mg mieltt siktani kezdenl, nzd meg mg egyszer jl: ez nem cstny!
31. A djkioszt nnepsg utn az sszes djazott elment egy men szllba egy kis
hajnali fogadsra.
32. Fzd meg a tsztt elbb, csak utna tedd bele az olajat s a fszereket!
33. Hrom napja itt volt s megvett egy dgltt kanrit. Azta nem lttam.
34. Janur 3l-e ta az j gyvezet igazgatja a kft-nek.
35. Lehetetlen, hogy ez a mmia hromezer ve itt fekdjn hbortatlanul!
36. Hossz ideje az a hobbija, hogy hressgek alrst gyjti, mr van neki vagy 900
autogramja.
37. gy dntttek, hogy 7-tl 3-ig dolgoznak, hogy az anyk mg ngy eltt el tudjk
hozni a kicsiket az ovibl.
38. Megbnta, hogy dolgozatot ratott: este 1 l-ig javtotta ket.
39. Itt maradsz, s nem mozdulsz innen, amg vissza nem jvk, mert klnben a
tigrisek szrevesznek.
40. Tavaly egsz nyron egytt jrt azzal a vrs haj skt fival.
41. Amg a pezsgt kerestem neki a konyhban, tkutatta az sszes fikomat.
42. Prold a rizst 20 percig, aztn add hozz a zldsgeket s az enyhn megpirtott,
aprra vgott hst.
43. 15 v telt el azta, hogy Marion utoljra ltta Indiana Jonest.

180
 PREPOSITIONS

44. Mita prblja elhitetni veled, hogy rettent gazdag arab herceg?
45. Mire a vasti tjrhoz rtnk, a rakomny fele lepotyogott.

Megoldsok
1. How can this guy always turn up at the office at two minutes to four?!
2. It always occurs to the cat at lunchtime that it must go out urgently.
3. He is drunk at dawn, at noon and also at night.
4. You don't go to school at Whitsun either, do you?
5. At that time there were no red sports cars yet, so teenagers used to run about at full
speed on their bikes.
6. The oldest man in the country got married for the fifth time at the age of 105.
7. On Monday he took a revolver - that of his father, as it turned out later - to school
and injured some pupils, allegedly for the reason that he hated Mondays.
8. In the 80's all young people went to discos on Saturday evenings - or at least the
Bee Gees thought so.
9. On the 4th of July Americans celebrate Independence Day.
10. On that day he proposed to me for the first time. And then 24 times more.
11. They announced their divorce on the 30th anniversary of their wedding.
12. Is it on Easter Monday or on Easter Sunday that Hungarian boys go out to sprinkle
women and girls?
13. All right, we'll meet in the morning beside the Parliament building. Don't forget /
Remember to bring the bomb.
14. Have you heard that in February there were record low temperatures in London?
15. Some countries seriously believe that they can become members of the EEC as
early as 1997.
16. Some Englishmen tend to believe that they are still living in the 19th century, in the
glorious Victorian period.
17. I know you are very upset now but you'll see it will be easier in spring.
18. One of our divers has run out of oxygen and he'll suffocate in five rninutes if he
isn't given some oxygen.
19. Sit still, we'll get there in ten minutes.
20. He is never late for the performance, he's always there on time.
21.1 don't think that the fog will delay our plane, it's taking off on time.
22. All the surgeons arrived in good time for the 17th International Conference of
Surgeons.
23. In the beginning my parents strongly objected to my having an Indian fiance but in
the end they came round.
24. At first we thought it was a large squirrel.
25. At last we caught sight of the cavalry's armour sparkling in the cloud of dust.
26. At the beginning of the film there were some bloody scenes but apart from these it
was rather a funny film.
27. At the end of the lecture the lecturer gave ten minutes so that those who were
interested could ask him questions.
28. By the 20th of March, provided that nothing changes, we shall have finished the
academic year.
29. Only on arriving did he notice that he had left all his credit cards in the inside
pocket of his other jacket.
30. Before you start screaming, have a second close look at it: it's not a cockroach.
31. After the victory ceremonies all the medallists went to a posh hotel for a party at
dawn.

181
PREPOSITIONS

32. Cook the noodles first, and only put the oil and the spices into it afterwards.
33. She came here and bought a dead canary three days ago. I haven't seen her since
then.
34. He's been the new managing director of the pic since January 31st.
35. This mummy can't have been lying here undisturbed for 3,000 years!
36. For a long time now, collecting the signatures of celebrities has been a hobby of
his. He has as many as 900 autographs.
37. They decided to work from 7 to 3 so that mothers could collect the children from
the play-school as early as before 4 o'clock.
38. She regretted making the pupils write a test. She was correcting them till eleven at
night.
39. You stay here and don't go away until I come back, or else the tigers will notice
you.
40. All last summer she was going out with that red-haired Scottish boy.
41. While I was looking for the champagne for him, he was rifling through all my
drawers.
42. Boil the rice for 20 minutes, then add to it the vegetables and the fried, chopped
meat.
43. Fifteen years have passed since Marion last saw Indiana Jones.
44. Since when has he been trying to make you believe that he is a super-rich Arabian
prince?
45. By the time we got to the railway crossing, half of the load had fallen off.

Cselekvs mdjt kifejez prepozcik

46. Mirt ne mehetnnk kocsival epret szedni? Szvesen mennk a te kocsiddal!
47. A trk megkrdezte az elfogott magyar nemest, hogy gyalog vagy lhton akar
tovbbmenni.
48. Visszautastotta, hogy replvel menjen, rettenten flt attl, hogy lezuhannak.

Megoldsok
46. Why don't we go picking strawberries by car? I'd love to/like to go in your car.
47. The Turk asked the captured Hungarian nobleman whether he wanted to go on on
foot or on horseback.
48. He refused to travel by plane, he was terribly afraid of crashing.

Cselekvs helyt kifejez prepozcik

49. Hogy jussak el egyedl a Piccadilly-ig, ha egyszer fogalmam sincs, hol kell fel- s
leszllni a buszrl?
50. A folyn tvel 400 ves hd is felrobbant a hborban.
51. Az ifj Skywalker elhatrozta, hogy felkeresi Yodt, aki a hegyeken tl lakott.
52. Ez a n olyan jl vgezte a rendrakadmit, hogy sok frfinak rangban felette ll.
53. A kt maffiz elsimtotta a nzeteltrseket egy knai vacsora mellett.
54. A holttestre egy leplet tettek, amelyet ma a tudomny a Turini lepel nven ismer.
55. A bombzk olyan alacsonyan hztak el flttnk, hogy majdnem megsketltnk.
56. Kezd rabl lvn a pnzt a prnja al rejtette, gy a rendrsg gyorsan megtallta.
57. Behajtotta a kutyt az asztal al, mert mr unta, hogy olyan knyrgn nz r.
58. Ha az anyja megtudn, hogy rangon alul nslt, biztos eljulna.
59. Ha elm l a kosrlabdz, semmit se fogok ltni a darabbl.

182
 PREPOSITIONS
60. Az egsz trgyals alatt kt fegyveres r kztt lt, meg se prblt szkni.
61. A tntets lltlag a Parlamenttel szembeni tren lesz.
62. Hogy lehet az, hogy sokkal ksbb jtt, s most mgis mgtte llok a sorban?
63. Hlgyeim s uraim, a vilg egyik legszebb memlkegyttese eltt llunk, csak
semmit sem lehet ltni belle, mert a fk mgtt van.
64. Az elads kezdete eltt mellm huppant a fszerepl.
65. Senki sem mert kommentrt fzni az igazgat beszmoljhoz, csak a knyvel.
66. Ott fociztok, ahol akartok, de nem az n hzam eltt!
67. jszakra egy Szaloniki melletti kempingben tborozott le az egsz csapat.
68. n csinlom az sszes hzimunkt, s mg a kutyt is n viszem stltatni.
69. Spanyolorszgban van egy vros, ahol azzal kezddik a fiesta, hogy emberek
rohannak a bikk ell az utcn.
70. Az idegenvezet azt mondta, mehet mindenki, amerre lt, tkor tallkozunk a Szt.
Mrk tren.
71. A nagyanym 6 ves kora ta minden nyron a mezkn dolgozott
aratmunksknt.
72. Piroska elszr egyedl bolyongott az erdben, de hamar trsat kapott egy farkas
szemlyben.
73. Az ablaknl llt, mikor kt orvlvsz eltallta.
74. Suliban van vagy a hivatalban?
75. Vgjunk keresztl a mezn, vagy az erdn t rvidebb lesz?
76. A macska leesett a frl, s ettl kezdve ugatott, mert flrebeszlt.
77. Meg tudnl llni Chippenhamben? Muszj innom valamit!
78. Mg idejben sikerlt elrejtznik a fal mg, amikor hangokat hallottak.
79. A kvncsi autsok nem tudtak lefkezni a baleset mellett, gy egymsba rohantak.
80. Amikor Zrnyi ltta, hogy a helyzet remnytelen, maradk katonjval kirohant a
vrbl.
81. Majdnem eljultam, amikor lttam, hogy rzsaszn szalvtkat tesz az asztalra.
'82. Mr. Stokes elmagyarzta Ivynek, hogy a gyertyatartkat nem a knyvespolcra kell
lltani.
83. Kpzeld, magval a kirlyi csalddal tallkoztunk az Operban!
84. Menj vgig ezen az svnyen, fiam, az t vgn lakik a srkny egy tancsi
brlaksban.
85. A NATO nem zrta ki egy lgicsaps lehetsgt a szerbek ellen.
86. Londonbl Bathba az M4-esen lehet eljutni?
87. Arra knyszertette, hogy szlljon ki a kocsibl, majd lt bele s elhajtott vele.
88. Mivel mg sose prblta, nem tudott fellni a teve htra.
89. Arra krjk utasainkat, szlljanak be a hajba, mert fl ra mlva indulunk.
90. Reggel Hfehrke krlnzett, de a kirlyfi mr nem volt sehol.
91. Ez magas nekem! Ne is magyarzd!
92. Nagyapm '42-ben elment a hborba, s azta sem jtt vissza.
93. Fel-al jrklt, mint egy ketrecbe zrt tigris.
94. Nem htrafel kellene tekinteni, hanem elre! Ott van a jv!

Megoldsok
49. How should I get to Piccadilly by myself if I have no idea where to get on and off
the bus?
50. The 400 year old bridge spanning the river was also blown up during the war.
51. The young Skywalker decided to go and see Yoda, who lived over the mountains.

183
PREPOSITIONS

52. This woman graduated from the Police Academy with such a good degree that she
now has a higher rank than many men.
53. The two mafia leaders settled their misunderstandings over a Chinese dinner.
54. A shroud which is now known to science as the Turin shroud was laid over the
corpse.
55. The bombers were flying so low over us that we were almost deafened.
56. Being a beginner in robbery, he hid the money under his pillow, so the police found
it quickly.
57. He threw the dog under the table as he was already fed up with it looking at him so
entreatingly.
58. If his mother found out that he had married beneath him, she would surely faint.
59. If the basketball player sits in front of me, I won't see anything of the play.
60. During the whole trial he was sitting between two armed guards, he didn't even
attempt an escape.
61. Apparently the demonstration will take place in' the square in front of the
Parliament building.
62. How come that he arrived much later and yet I'm standing behind him in the
queue?
63. Ladies and gentlemen, we are standing in front of one of the most beautiful set of
monuments in the world. However, at the moment we can't see anything of them,
because they are behind the trees.
64. The leading man plumped down next to me before the performance started.
65. No one but the accountant dared to comment on the director's report.
66. You can play football wherever you want, except in front of my house.
67. The whole group was encamped for the night in a camping site near Saloniki.
68. I do all the household chores, besides taking the dog for walks.
69. There is a town in Spain where the Fiesta starts with people being pursued by bulls
along the streets.
70. The guide said everybody could go where they wanted and that we would meet in
St. Marco Square.
71. Every summer since the age of six, my grandmother worked in the fields.
72. At first little Red Riding-Hood was wandering in the forest by herself, but she soon
found company in the shape of a wolf.
73. He was standing at the window when two snipers hit him.
74. Is he at school or in the office?
75. Shall we take a short cut across the meadow or will it be shorter through the forest?
76. The cat fell off the tree and from then on, being delirious, it was barking.
77. Could you stop at Chippenham? I must drink something.
78. They managed to hide themselves behind the wall n good time when they heard
voices.
79. The curious motorists weren't able to brake at the scene of the accident, so they
crashed into each other.
80. When Zrnyi saw that the situation was hopeless he sallied out of the castle with the
rest of his soldiers.
81.1 almost fainted when I saw her laying pink serviettes on the table.
82. Mr. Stokes explained to Ivy that the candlesticks are not to be placed on the
bookshelf.
83. Just imagine, we met the royal family themselves in the Opera!
84. Take this path, my son, the dragon lives in a council flat at the end of the road.
85. NATO didn't preclude the possibility of an air-strike against the Serbs.
86. Can we get from London to Bath along the M4?

184
VERBS + PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS
88. Never having tried before, he couldn't get onto the back of the camel.
89. We request our passengers to board the ship / to embark because we shall start in
half an hour.
90. Little Snow White looked around in the morning but the prince was no longer to be
seen anywhere.
91. This is beyond me! Don't even explain it to me!
92. My grandfather went to war in 1942 and hasn't come back since.
93. He was walking up and down like a tiger locked up in a cage.
94. You shouldn't look backwards but forwards. That's where the future is.

Egyb prepozcik
95. Ami az emberi jogok krdst illeti, a knai igazsggyminiszter errl nem akart
beszlni.
96. Tekintve, hogy 5-0-ra vezetnk, minek tmadjunk?
97. Az jsgrk kivtelvel minden fontos ember ott szorongott a sajttjkoztatn.
98. Ennek a videnak 37.000 Ft az ra, belertve az F-t is.
99. Tekintve, hogy mozgssrlt, anyagi tmogatst kell neki adnunk.
100. A kpests nlkli tanrok kivtelvel midenki szmthat fizetsemelsre.

Megoldsok
95. Concerning the issue of human rights, the Chinese Minister of Justice didn't want
to speak about it.
96. Considering that we have a lead of 5 nil, why should we attack?
97. Barring the journalists, every important' personality thronged at the press
conference.
98. This video-recorder costs 37,000 forints, including VAT.
99. Considering that he is disabled, we must grant him pecuniary assistance.
100. Excluding unqualified teachers, everybody can expect a pay-rise.

VERBS + PREPOSITIONS

Pldamondatok
Kzpfok
1. A nmet fik ragaszkodnak ahhoz, hogy a meghvott lnyok fizessk azt, amit
fogyasztanak.
2. Ma tvenedszer bntetett meg a rendr tilosban val parkolsrt.
3. Ktelessgemnek tartom, hogy figyelmeztessem a beavatkozs lehetsges
veszlyeire.
4. Csak nem a sajt zletvezetdet gyanstod azzal, hogy vitte el azt a 200 fontot,
amit az FA-ra tettl flre?
5. Ha Mr. Koresh nem hajland teljesteni a feltteleinket, knytelenek lesznk
drasztikusabb eszkzkhz folyamodni.
6. Bizton szmthatsz a szaktudsra!
7. Igen hatrozottan ellenezte ENSZ-csapatok Szomliba kldst.
8. Lehet, hogy Clinton elnk is gy gondolja, itt az ideje, hogy az USA elnzst
krjen a vietnami hborban trtnt atrocitsokrt.

185
PREPOSITIONS VERBS + PREPOSITIONS

9. Elkpzelhet, hogy mg azt is meg tudja mondani, hogy hny szigetbl ll a

Marshall-szigetcsoport.
10. Ha tetszik neki, ha nem, Szaddamnak engedelmeskednie kell az ENSZ
hatrozatainak.
11. Mikor felhvtuk, nagyon izgatott volt, a dlutni eladsra kszlt.
12. vakodj az olyan hangzatos vllalkozsoktl, akik a banki kamat tbbszrst
grik!
13. Elbb fog Szaddam Husszein Nobel-bkedjat kapni, mint hogy n pnzrt
knyrgjek hozzd.
14. Azzal vdoljk, hogy benzinknt adott el gzolajat, nem?
15. A pszicholgusok szerint a szlknek nem szabadna megbntetni a gyerekeket
azrt, ha eltrnek egy-kt tnyrt, mert ezek nem jelents dolgok.
16. Nem sikerlt neki rvennie a felesgt, hogy vgezzen el egy gprni
tanfolyamot.
17. Akr ssze se hvta volna a gylst, a fontos krdsekre nem is utalt.
18. Ideje lenne emlkeztetni a miniszter urat, hogy a 'miniszter' sz eredeti jelentse
'szolga'.
19. Hsz ve vgyik egy rii tra, most, hogy megnyerte a fnyeremnyt, vgre
mehetne, ha elengedn a felesge.
20. Lehetsges egy pohr biovzen lni egy htig?
21. Felesleges volt megplyznod az igazgattancsi llst, mr a plyzat eltt
eldntttk, ki kapja.
22. Mirt kellene a bankokat hibztatni az inflcirt?
23. Ha krtl volna tmogatst az alaptvnybl, kaphattl volna.
24. Felfoghatalan, hogy lmodozhat mg mindig vlasztsi gyzelemrl?!
25. Ha ne adj' Isten ott tallnd azt a szegny firkszt, amint rm vr, mondd meg neki,
hogy nem adok ma mr tbb interjt.
26. Azon gondolkodik, hogy eladja a TV-t, annyira elege van a reklmokbl.
27. Most hirtelen mindenkirl kiderlt, mennyit harcolt a demokrcirt '56 ta.
28. Mikor jjel egykor rnztem, teljesen bele volt merlve az AFA-s szmlkba.
29. A helyedben nem lennk bszke a rendszervltsban jtszott szerepemre.
30. Nem hiszem, hogy kpes kt triplt ugrani a krben.
31. Hozzszokott mr, hogy egy lpst se tehet testrk nlkl Moszkva belvrosban?
32. Az j bankigazgat nem tudta eldnteni, melyik maffitl fljen jobban.
33. Attl flt, hogy ha a fia lesz a szvetsgi kapitny, ki lesz tve a sajt
tmadsainak.
34. lltlag elgedett volt a magyar csapat teljestmnyvel a szvetsg elnke.
35. Teljesen tudatban vagyok annak, hogy amit tettem, a BTK szerint bncselekmny.
36. Eddig-eddig vagyok az egsz Szp-csalddal!
37. Elg j volt tornbl, de teljesen stt biolgibl.
38. Amita kiskorban megcspte egy pk, mg a legparnyibb pktl is retteg.
39. Brki, aki tiltott hatrtlpst kvet el, megbntethet.
40. A menedzsere szerint az j lemeze legalbb olyan siker lesz, mint Michael Jackson
legjabb LP-je.
41. Micsoda szgyenletes gondolat! Szgyellem magam helyetted!
42. Mind a hrom fia Japnban ntt fel, gy aztn nagyon lelkesednek a
harcmvszetekrt.
43. Hrom vvel ezeltt azt hittk, is belekeveredett a korrupcis botrnyba, akrcsak
Craxi.
44. Az olasz maffia az utbbi 40 vben igen sikeresen nyert mind tbb hatalmat az
llam vezetsben.

186
V E R B S + PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS
44. Az olasz maffia az utbbi 40 vben igen sikeresen nyert mind tbb hatalmat az
llam vezetsben.
45. Az tlag olasz llampolgr nem felels mindazrt, ami a hazjban a II.
vilghbor ta trtnt.
46. Ksz volt vllalni a kihvst a brazilokkal szemben, volt mersze hozz!
47. Ha a szellemek s a whiskyt iv kutyk kzl kell vlasztanom, inkbb az
utbbiban hiszek!
48. is hamis kpekben utazik, mint a megboldogult apja, nem?
49. Nem kellett volna olyan biztosnak lennie a gyzelmben, taln pp ezrt vesztett.
50. Gyans nekem az nagylelksge, amit az utbbi nhny vben tanstott
irnyomban.
51. Nagyon aggdom rte. Mr rg hallanom kellett volna, ahogy becsukja a
garzsajtt a kocsija mgtt.
52. Amit most mond az elnk, az egyltaln nem egyezik azzal, amit a konferencia
eltt mondott.
53. Az tanvallomsn alapul az a trtnet, miszerint Mogilnijt az a fick zsarolta
meg, aki '89-ben segtett neki kiszkni a Szovjetunibl Kanadba.
54. Az utols pillanatban visszalpett attl, hogy azonostsa nvre tmadjt, pedig
volt az egyetlen szemtan.
55. Freddie Mercury hossz vekig szenvedett AIDS-ben, 1991 vgn bele is halt.
56. Csak a rendrrsn derlt ki, hogy szegny Liam Neesont mr az els
Hollywoodban eltlttt napjn sszetvesztette a rendrsg egy krztt
bnzvel.

Megoldsok
1. German boys INSIST ON the girls they invite out paying for what they eat.
2. It was the fiftieth time today that I had been FINED FOR parking in the prohibited
zone.
3. I consider it as my duty to WARN you OF possible dangers of the operation.
4. Do you really SUSPECT your own shopkeeper OF taking the 200 pounds you had
RESERVED FOR paying the VAT?
5. If Mr. Koresh won't fulfil our conditions, we shall be obliged to RESORT TO more
drastic means.
6. You can surely RELY ON his expertise.
7. He most firmly OBJECTED TO sending UN troops to Somalia.
8. President Clinton may also think that it's time the USA APOLOGIZED FOR the
atrocious acts that were perpetrated/committed in the course of the Vietnamese
war.
9. He might even be able to say how many islands the Marshall group of islands
CONSISTS OF.
10. Whether he likes it or not, Saddam must COMPLY WITH the UN resolutions.
11. When we phoned her, she was very excited because she was PREPARING FOR
the afternoon performance.
12. BEWARE OF high-sounding enterprises promising several times as much interest
as that offered by banks.
13. Saddam Hussein will sooner be awarded the Nobel Prize for peace than I
will/should BEG you FOR money.
14. He is being CHARGED WITH selling diesel oil as petrol, isn't he?
15. ACCORDING TO psychologists, parents shouldn't PUNISH children FOR
breaking a plate or two, since these are unimportant things.

187
PREPOSITIONS VERBS + PREPOSITIONS

18. It's time to REMIND the minister OF the fact that the original meaning of the word
"minister" is "servant".
19. He has been LONGING FOR a trip to Rio for twenty years. Now that he has won
the jackpot, he could go at last, if his wife let him.
20. Is it possible to LIVE ON a glass of bio-water for a week?
21. You needn't have APPLIED FOR the job on the board of directors. It had been
decided before the competition who it would be given to.
22. Why should banks be BLAMED FOR inflation?
23. You could have received a grant from the foundation if you had ASKED /
APPLIED FOR it.
24. It's inconceivable that he can still DREAM OF winning the elections.
25. God forbid, should you find that poor scribbler WAITING FOR me there, tell him
I'm not going to give any more interviews today.
26. He is so fed up with advertisements that he is THINKING OF selling his TV set.
27. Now everybody has suddenly revealed how much they have been FIGHTING FOR
democracy since 1956.
28. When I glanced at him at one o'clock at night, he was ABSORBED IN VAT
invoices.
29. If I were you, I wouldn't be PROUD OF the role I played in the changes in the
political system.
30. I don't think she is CAPABLE OF jumping two triple jumps in the free programme.
31. Has he GOT USED TO not being able/allowed to take even a step without
bodyguards in the centre of Moscow?
32. The new director of the bank couldn't decide which mafia to be more AFRAID OF.
33. She was afraid that if her son were to be the coach of the national eleven, he would
be EXPOSED TO the attacks from the press.
34. The president of the football association was alleged to be SATISFIED WITH the
performance of the Hungarian team.
35. I'm fully AWARE OF the fact that what I have done is a crime ACCORDING TO
the Criminal Code.
36. I'm SICK AND TIRED OF the whole Szp family.
37. He was quite GOOD AT physical exercises but he was completely DENSE AT
biology.
38. She has been FRIGHTENED OF even the tiniest spider since she was bitten by one
when she was a child.
39. Anybody who crosses the border without authorization is LIABLE FOR
punishment.
40. ACCORDING TO his manager, her new record will be at least as big a hit as
Michael Jackson's latest album.
41. What a SHAMEFUL thought! I'm ASHAMED OF myself for you.
42. All his three sons were BROUGHT UP in Japan, so they are KEEN ON martial
arts.
43. Three years ago he was also believed to have got INVOLVED IN the corruption
scandal, like Craxi.
44. In the course of the last 40 years the Italian mafia has been extremely
SUCCESSFUL IN gaining more and more power in the state government.
45. The average Italian citizen is not RESPONSIBLE FOR anything that has happened
in his country since the Second World War.
46. He was ready for TAKING ON the Brazilians, he HAD THE GUTS TO do so.
47. If I have to choose between ghosts and dogs drinking whisky, I'd rather BELIEVE
IN the latter.

188
PHRASAL VERBS PREPOSITIONS

46. He was ready for TAKING ON the Brazilians, he HAD THE GUTS TO do so.
47. If I have to choose between ghosts and dogs drinking whisky, I'd rather BELIEVE
IN the latter.
48. Like his late father, he deals in faked pictures as well, doesn't he?
49. He shouldn't have been so CONFIDENT IN his victory, may be that is the very
reason why he lost.
50. I'm SUSPICIOUS OF the generosity he has shown me in recent years.
51. I'm terribly ANXIOUS FOR him. I should have heard him closing the garage door
behind the car long ago.
52. What is being said by the President now does not CORRESPOND WITH what he
said before the conference at all.
53. The story of Mogilniy's being blackmailed by the guy who helped him to escape
from the Soviet Union to Canada in 1989 is BASED ON his testimony.
54. At the last moment she REFUSED TO identify the man who had attacked her
sister, although she was the only witness.
55. Freddie Mercury SUFFERED FROM AIDS for years, and at the end of 1991 he
DIED OF it.
56. It only turned out at the police station that poor Liam Neeson had been
MISTAKEN by the police FOR a criminal wanted on the very first day he spent in
Hollywood.

PHRASAL VERBS

Kzp- s felsfok
Egsztse ki a megadott prepozcik egyikvel! (A megoldsokat lsd ksbb)

1. CALL at, on, in, for, off, up, up, out, on, in

1. We had to call .. the wedding when we learned that the bride's father had died of
a heart-attack, (elhalaszt)
2. The situation calls .,.. action! (kvn, kvetel)
3. Old coins and banknotes will be called by the Goverment, and new ones will be
made, (visszahv, bevon)
4. The strikers were called ...,.to start working again, (felszlt)
5. C a l l t h e pharmacy for some antifebrile on your way home, will you? (beugrik)
6. It's very impolite to call somebody during the ZDF 8 o'clock news in Germany.
(telefonon felhv)
7. He'll die unless you call a doctor, (hvat)
8. Troops had to be called to suppress the revolution in Rio Negro, (kirendel)
9. Not until he got married, was my son called ...... . (behvtk)
10. You know my address, you can call me any time, (beugrik)

2. COME about, across, by, into, off, on, out, over, round, up

1. The policeman asked me how I had come my bike, (szerez)

2. The seeds haven't come yet. (kikel)
3. The house was simply disgusting. All the wallpaper had come (levlik)
4. How's your son coming ? Can he speak? (fejldik)

189
PREPOSITIONS PHRASAL VERBS

5. Esterhzy Peter's latest novel came last month, (megjelent)

6. You behave as if you were mad as a hatter. What has come you? (Mi jtt rd?)
7. The whole thing was fishy. The police couldn't comprehend how the accident had
come (trtnt)
8. She fainted because of the unbearable heat. Bring some smelling salts, she'll come
_, soon, (maghoz tr)
9. The policeman was eager to know how Mrs. Lenton came ...... her fortune, (rkl)
10. When I was dismantling that old cupboard I came this 100 DM-note.
(rbukkan)

3. GO about, at, by, down, in for, off, off, on about, out, through

1. Sam sang "As Time Goes in the film entitled Casablanca, (elmlik)
2. Whenever Billy didn't want to take his medicine, he started to complain that the pill
was too large to go (lecsszik)
3. She has a rather strange hobby, she goes .... collecting stuffed crocodiles.
(foglalkozik vele)
4. The Police went the pockets of the suspected thief again, (tkutat)
5. It's time you went..... that job, my friend! (nekilt)
6. Since she is a rather plain girl, she decided to spend her evenings at home and she
never goes . (elmegy szrakozni)
7. The cats went, each other furiously, (egymsnak estek)
8. The IRA planted a bomb-device close to the favourite pub of the British soldiers,
but thank God it failed to go (felrobban)
9. I wish my aunt stopped going her illness all the time! (llandan, bosszant
mdon beszl)
10. Just imagine, the fridge has packed up so all our chicken has gone ..... (elromlott)

4. GET away with, about, on, round, over, it over, through, up, in, down

1. How's your elder son getting QKl at his new school? Is he getting used to it?
(boldogul)
2. When ministers and politicians cheat, they always g e t i t . (megsszk)
3. The news of the director's resignation soon got .. .(elterjedt)
4. Liberty is a very cunning young lady. Though she is only three years old, she
knows exactly how to get....... her mother, (rvesz valamire)
5. Jane was his first love, and he loved her so much that he never got ... her.
(elfelejteni)
6. This candidate will never get for his constituency, (megvlasztjk)
7. But for my friend's help, I would have failed the exam, I would never have got
(letenni)
8. If you have a toothache, you must go to the dentist, however much you're dreading
it. The sooner you get , the better, (tljut rajta)
9. Who's getting the party for your birthday? (szervez)
10. She explained her depression with the fact that rainy weather always gets her
(letr)

5. GIVE away, in, off, out, up, back, out, in, away, over
1. Mr. Pemble was a very generous man, a few years before his death he gave all
his money, (elajndkoz)

190
PHRASAL VERBS PREPOSITIONS
2. He made me swear not to give his horrible secret, (elrul)
3. Is it true that a wall made of plastic doesn't give echoes? (visszaad)
4. The Indians were forced to give by the troops of the Government, (megadja
magt)
5. Is this Camembert cheese giving .... this strange smell? (kibocst, raszt)
6. The insurrectionists began to worry, since their food supply had almost completely
given (elfogy)
7. The pupils asked Miss Jones whether it was possible for her to give the corrected
tests before the mid-term holiday, (kiad)
8. Could you please give playing the accordion? It's half past eleven, (abbahagy)
9. When it turned out that he had developed megalomania, even the best doctors gave
him (lemond valakirl)
10. The invigilator asked all the examinees at 10 sharp to give their exam papers.
(bead)

6. KEEP down, it up, off, on, out, under, up, up, at

1. Don't give up, keep it! (valamihez nagyon tartja magt)

2. The Soviet Union kept all the Warsaw Pact countries, including Hungary, for
almost four decades, (hatalmban tart, elnyom)
3. Will the ammunition keep (kitart) until we get some help from Zapata's troops?
4. He went back on his word again! He never keeps his word! (ragaszkodik)
5. "Keep .... the grass" - a notice saying this would be quite ridiculous in British
parks.
6. Children should keep of their parents' problems, (tvol marad)
7. Keep .... singing (folytat), I love your voice - said the sultan to the young singer.
8. Since he was lame, he couldn't keep (lpst tart) with the others and soon fell
behind.
9. Well, Mrs. Jones, your son seems to be the most energetic boy I've ever seen, so I
think you agree that he needs keeping (megfegyelmezni)
10. The Serbs kept the attack against/on Gorazde all day. (folytat)

7. LOOK after, down on, for, in on, into, on, to, up, up, round

1. I can employ you as a secretary if you're still looking a job. (keres)

2. I asked my sister to look the word "ghia" in her Italian dictionary for me.
(kikeres)
3. After months of recession, things are looking .... for the British economy, (javul)
4. The neighbour was happy to look our dog while we were on holiday, (gondoz)
5. Look .... it that it shouldn't happen again, (gondja van, vigyz vmire)
6. Don't make a hasty decision, look well first, (krlnz)
7. When she married the Arab prince, she looked her ex-classmates, (lenz vkit)
8. Why don't you play ice-hockey instead of just looking ....? (nz)
9. Why don't you look me when you're in town next time? (beugrik, megltogat
vkit)
10. The Police were asked by the judge to look the matter again, (megvizsgl)

8. MAKE do with, at, away with oneself, for, out, over, up, up, off, up for

1. The hooligans made when they noticed a policeman approaching, (elmenekl)

2. I asked the pharmacist to make that lotion .... for me. (elkszt)

191
PREPOSITIONS PHRASAL VERBS

3. The basement was made into a workshop, (talakt)

4. I'm afraid we haven't got any ice-cream, you must make a bar of chocolate.
(beri vmivel)
5. I can't make your handwriting, it's simply illegible, (kibetz)
6. The angry woman made me with her umbrella, because she took me for a
burglar, (nekiront, nekimegy)
7. Don't believe grandps amazing stories about the World War, he only made them
(kitall)
8. Did Jimmy Hendrix make himself or was he killed? (ngyilkos lesz, vgez
magval)
9. The 39 escaped convicts made .... the French border, (tart valamerre)
10. Hard work can never make the lack of talent, (ptol)

9. PUT about, across, aside, down, down to, forward, in for, in, off, on

1. Don't believe him, he is just pretending to be modest, actually he's putting it

(henceg, felvg)
2. He put the position of the marketing director although he is only a book
keeper, (llsra plyzik)
3. He kept putting going to the dentist until he could stand the pain no more.
(halogat)
4. Don't believe all the stories that are being put (terjeszt)
5. After the accident my husband put.... a claim for damages, (benyjt)
6. You cannot put that me, however cunning you may be. (becsap)
7. Every year Professor Jones puts a new theory on how the universe came into
being, (elterjeszt)
8. We have put 2 million forints in the last twenty years, only to realize that this
sum is not even enough for a small flat in Budapest, (flretesz)
9. His strange behaviour was put the fact that he'd never been to a Christian
country before, (tulajdont)
10. The pilot managed to put the aircraft in the storm, (letesz)

10. RUN across, in, off, out, to, away, into, on, over, up

1. The captain ordered the crew to run the flag on the mast, (felhz)
2. And whom should I run in the pub yesterday? John, who claims to be a
teetotaller, (sszefut vkivel)
3. My finances do not run ... a holiday in Hawaii, (nekem tl drga)
4. He is a very popular writer among middle-aged women, his latest novel has run
six editions, (jelent meg)
5. When Grard Dpardieu was 17, he ran from home and earned his living as a
thief, (megszkik)
6. How many copies can you run .... on this duplicating machine? (nyomtat, elllt)
7. A new car needs running so in the first few weeks you must drive carefully,
(bejrats)
8. Grandpa will run .... for an hour if you don't stop him! (folyamatosan beszl)
9. Let's run our parts - he said to the other actors, (tismtelni)
10. Be careful with mum! As far as you're concerned, her patience has run (elfogy)

192
PHRASAL VERBS PREPOSITIONS

11. SEE about, back, out, to, over, across, off, through, sy. through, sg. through

1. I'm interested in the house. I'd like to see it (alaposan tvizsgl)

2. I must see a plumber this leaking tap. (tancsot kr vkitl vmire vonatkozan)
3. You cannot deceive me, I can see your lies! (tlt)
4. This lift is out of order, could you ask a mechanic to see .... it? (gondoskodik
vmirl)
5. Schoolchildren must see old ladies the street, (tksr)
6. Mr. Jones is just about to leave, could you see him , Miss Peters? (kiksr)
7. I'd rather see you , I don't want you to go home in the dark, (hazaksr)
8. He said that however strong his enemy was, he would see the struggle (vgig
kibr, kill)
9. When I left Bonn, all my friends came to the railway station to see me (kiksr)
10. You'll have a difficult time, but I'll see you safely (vkinek mindvgig
tmogatst nyjt)

12. SET back, in, off, off, out, out, up, up, on, down

1. The bus stopped to set an elderly man. (letesz)

2. In December winter sets (kezddik, bell)
3. That action by the PM set a series of demonstrations, (kivlt)
4. Your watch is too fast. Set the hands! (visszallt)
5. Dr Kimble set to prove his innocence, (akar, szndkozik)
6. Fa Nndor has set on a journey round the world in a boat, (elkezd, elindul)
7. Darnyi set.... a new world record for the 400 m medley last year, (felllt)
8. Latecomers in the karate training are set by the others, (rtmad)
9. He has set himself.... as a plumber, (kezdett dolgozni)
10. We'll be late unless we set at 6 in the morning, (elindul)

13. TAKE after, back, in, off, out, apart, in, off, off, to

1. After his wife's death he took drinking, (rszokott)

2. I couldn't take .... a word of Professor White's lecture on the Industrial Revolution,
(felfog, megrt)
r
3. Who s turn is it to take the dog for a walk? (kivisz)
4. I wish you could have seen Dan Aykroyd when he took Ronald Reagan!
(utnoz)
5. Look at the guy! He takes Prince Philip, doesn't he? (hasonlt)
6. I'm afraid John was taken .... by that deceitful girl again! (becsap, rszed)
7. Don't take your c o a t t h e r e is no heating in here! (levesz)
8. You're right. I was wrong. Sorry. I take what I've said, (visszavon)
9. My spin-drier has packed up. Can you take it ? (sztszed)
10. She decided to take half the price of each of her products to make her enterprise
profitable, (levon, levesz)

14. TURN down, off, on, out, up, in, on, out, over, In

1. Mary and Ed turned their neighbour to the police, (felad vkit)

2. He was very disappointed when he learned that his application had been turned
(elutast)

193
PREPOSITIONS PHRASAL VERBS

3. He hasn't turned .... yet, though he promised to be here on time, (megjelenik,

bellt)
4. It's time we turned We always go to bed at ten. (lefekszik)
5. Any kind of girl could turn Jim Morrison .... (rmet okoz neki)
6. Turn the TV I don't want the kids to see that film, (kikapcsol)
7. I can't see anything, could you turn the lights ....? (felkapcsol)
8. This university turns 200 well-educated dentists every year, (kpez, kibocst)
9. That well-turned lady was Mrs. Kennedy, (jlltztt)
10. His business turns more than $ 2 billion a year, (forgalmaz)

15. CUT across, off, it out, down, down, out, up, in, out for, into

1. If we cut the field, we get to Avonlea half an hour earlier, (tvg,

keresztlmegy)
2. Daddy decided to cut that old maple tree in the garden, (kivg)
3. He cut all his rivals for Jane's affection, (kiszort versenytrsat)
4. Either we cut our telephone bill or we go bust! (cskkent)
5. Cut.... the meat first and then chop the parsley finely, (felszel)
6. Don't cut the conversation so rudely! (flbeszakt)
7. I would never make a good production manager, I'm not cut this job. (val
valamire)
8. Accidents are often caused by drivers cutting (elbevg)
9. Cut i t w i l l you? (fogd be a szd)
10. Cut my nails , not my fingers! (levg)

16. BREAK down, into, off, up, up, through, with, out, off, out

1. Seeing how longingly the dog looked at her, she broke a piece of chocolate and
gave it to him. (letr)
2. Benazir Bhutto ordered the police to break the demonstration organized by her
own mother, (sztzz)
3. Negotiations between the Serbs and Muslims broke in Geneva last week.
(sszeomlik)
4. When the person in question entered the room, John broke (elhallgat)
5. Have you heard that burglars tried to break Buckingham Palace and steal
Prince Charles' diamonds? (betr)
6. After thirty years of happy marriage I think Robert and Sylvia are breaking
(vlnak)
7. When did the thirty years' war break .... ? (kitr)
8. At last, after 40 days of torrential rain, Noah saw the sun breaking the clouds.
(ttr, thatol)
9. It's high time for you to break harmful habits like smoking, (felhagy vmivel)
10. When the Belgian prison wardens downed them, 39 prisoners broke ... . (kitr,
elszkik)

194
 PHRASAL VERBS PREPOSITIONS
J
A prepozcis igk megoldsai

l.CALL l.off 2. GOME l.by 3. GO l.by

2. for 2. up 2. down
3. in 3. off 3. in for
4. on/upon 4. on 4. through
5. at 5. out 5. about
6. up 6. over 6. out
7. in 7. about 7. at
8. out 8. round 8. off
9. up 9. into 9. on about
10. on 10. across 10. off

4. GET l.on 5. GIVE l.away 6. KEEP l.at

2. away with 2. away 2. down
3. about 3. back 3. it up
4. round 4. in 4.-
5. over 5. off 5. off
6. in 6. out 6. out
7. through 7. out 7. on
8. itover 8. over 8. up"
9. up 9. up 9. under
10. down 10. in 10. up
7. LOOK l.for 8. MAKE l.off 9. PUT l.on
2. up 2. up 2. in for
3. up 3. over 3. off
4. after 4. do with 4. about
5. to 5. out 5. in
6. round 6. at 6. across
7. down on 7. up . 7. forward
8. on 8. away with 8. aside
9. in on 9. for 9. down to
10. into 10. up for 10. down
10. RUN l.up 11. SEE Lover 12. SET l.down
2. across 2. about 2. in
3. to 3. through 3. off
4. into 4. to 4. back
5. away 5. across- 5. out
6. off 6. out 6. off
7. in 7. back 7. up
8. on 8. through 8. on
9. over 9. off 9. up
10. out 10. through 10. out

195
MIXED SENTENCES

13. TAKE l.to 14. TURN l.in 15. CUT 1. across

2. in 2. down 2. down
3. out 3. up 3. out
4. off 4. in 4. down
5. after 5. on 5. up
6. in 6. off 6. into
7. off 7. on 7. out for
8. back 8. out 8. in
9. apart 9. out 9. out
10. off 10. over 10. off
16. BREAK l.off
2. up
3. down
4. off
5. into
6. up
7. out
8. through
9. with
10. out

MIXED SENTENCES

Vegyes fordtsi feladatok

Alapfok: varicik egy mondatra
1. Ebben a szp hzban lakik.
2. Mg mindig ebben a szp hzban lakik?
3. A hbor idejn ebben a szp hzban lakott.
4. Ebben a szp hzban lakott, amikor elszr tallkoztunk.
5.. Jvre ebben a szp hzban fog lakni.
6. Ebben a hzban fog lakni, amikor legkzelebb ltod.
7. Soha nem lakik ebben a szp hzban.
8. Lakott mr valaha ebben a szp hzban?
9. Igen, mr ezer ve itt lakik.
10. Mita lakik itt? 1968 ta.
11. 1998-ban mr harminc ve lesz, hogy ebben a szp hzban lakik.
12. Ha gazdag lesz, ebben a szp hzban fog lakni.
13. Ha gazdag lenne, ebben a szp hzban lakna.
14. Ismernm t, ha ebben a szp hzban lakna.
15. Ha ebben a szp hzban lakott volna, nem akart volna elkltzni msik vrosba.
16. Ebben a szp hzban lakott volna, ha a nagynnje megengedte volna neki.
17. Ebben a szp hzban kellene lnie, s akkor lvezhetn az otthonltet.
18. Lehet, hogy ebben a szp hzban lakik.

196
 MIXED SENTENCES

19. Nem lehet, hogy ebben a szp hzban lakik, mert az autja mindig a msik utcban
parkol.
20. Mr t ve ebben a szp hzban lakott, amikor idekltztem.

Megoldsok
1. He lives in this nice house.
2. Is he still living in this nice house?
3. During the war he lived in this nice house.
4. He was living in this nice house when we first met.
5. Next year he will live in this nice house.
6. H will be living in this house when you see him next time.
7. He never lives in this nice house.
. 8. Has he ever lived in this nice house?
9. Yes, he has been living here for ages.
10. Since when has he been living here? Since 1968.
11. In 1998 he will have been living in this nice house for thirty years.
12. If he is rich, he will live in this nice house.
13. If he were rich, he would live in this nice house.
14. I would know him if he lived in this nice house.
15. If he had lived in. this nice house, he wouldn't have wanted to move to another
town.
16. He would have lived in this nice house if his aunt had allowed him to.
17. He should live in this nice house and then he could enjoy staying at home.
18. He may live in this nice house.
19. He can't be living in this nice house because his car is always parked in the other
street.
20. He had already been living in this nice house for five years when I moved here.

Pldamondatok
1. Levelez.
2. Gyakran r levelet.
3. pp most levelet r.
4. ppen megrt egy levelet.
5. Mg nem rt levelet.
6. Ritkn r levelet.
7. Tegnap egsz nap levelet rt.
8. Ha ideje lesz, rni fog.
9. Hazajve leveleket rt.
10. Mg a felesge fztt, levelet rt.
11. Holnap egsz nap levelet fog rni.
12. Amg be nem fejezte a munkt, nem rt egy levelet sem.
13. Bevsrls eltt rta a levelet / rni fog.
14. A mlt hten rt (levelet).
15. Mikor a bartja megjtt, ppen levelet rt / mr megrta a levelet.
16. Ha lett volna ideje, rt volna.
17. Mire anyja megjtt, mr megrta a leveleket.
18. Ha ideje lenne, rna.
19. Mg anyja takartott, levelet rt.
20. Mire visszajssz, mr megrja a leveleket.
21. Tegnap kt rakor levelet rt.

197
MIXED SENTENCES

22. Holnap hromkor levelet fog rni.

23. Mg be nem fejezi a munkjt, nem fog levelet rni.
24. Mita hazajtt, egyfolytban levelet r.
25. Sose r levelet.
26. Sose rt levelet.
27. Soha nem rt egy levelet sem.
28. Mostanban rt nhny levelet.
29. A minap rt egy levelet.
30. Kt rja levelet r.
31. Kt perce levelet rt.
32. Ha lett volna ideje, rt volna.
33. Amikor jssz, levelet fogok rni.

Megoldsok
1.He writes letters.
2.He often writes letters.
3.He is just writing some letters.
4.He has just written some letters.
5.He hasn't written any letters yet.
6.He rarely writes letters.
7.He was writing letters all day yesterday.
8.If he has time, he will write some letters.
9.After coming home he wrote some letters.
10.While his wife was cooking, he was writing some letters.
11.He will be writing letters all day tomorrow.
12.Until he had finished his work, he didn't write any letters.
13.He wrote/will write some letters before going to do the shopping.
14.Last week he wrote some letters.
15.When his friend came he was writing / he had written some letters.
16.If he had had time, he would have written some letters.
17.By the time his mother came home, he had written the letters. / He had written the
letters before his mother came home.
18. If he had time, he would write some letters.
19. While his mother is/was doing the flat, he is/was writing some letters.
20. By the time you come back he will have written the letters.
21. He was writing some letters at two o'clock yesterday.
22. He will be writing some letters at 3 o'clock tomorrow.
23. Until he has finished his work, he won't write any letters.
24. He has been writing letters since he came home.
25. He never writes letters.
26. He never wrote any letters.
27. He has never written any letters.
28. He has recently written some letters.
29. The other day he wrote some letters.
30. He has been writing letters for two hours.
31. He wrote some letters two minutes ago.
32. If he had had time, he would have written some letters.
33. When you come, he will be writing some letters.

198
 MIXED SENTENCES

Kzp- s felsfok
1. Brcsak megkaptuk volna azokat a krdveket, amelyeket Japnban ksztettek az
letsznvonal alakulsrl a mlt vben!
2. Ha nem akarod elveszteni az llsodat, soha ne kritizld a fnkdet!
3. Ne felejtsd el odaadni az igazgatnak a tervrajzot, klnben leharapja a fejed.
4. Emlkezett, hogy tadta a fnke zenett a titkrnnek.
5. A rendrsg azzal vdolja, hogy felrobbantotta a replt, de tagadta, hogy a
repltr kzelben jrt volna azon az jszakn, amikor az eset trtnt.
6. "Kikptt nagyapja!" Ezt mondtk rla azok, akik mg sohasem tallkoztak a
csald tbbi tagjval.
7._ Kiprblhatta volna az j mosport, mieltt brmilyen vlemnyt mond rla.
8. Holnaputn ilyenkorra mr tllesznk a vizsgn, s lehet, hogy utna bulit
rendeznk a legkzelebbi tteremben.
9. A legutbbi vlasztsok ta rengeteg olyan vltozs trtnt az orszgban, amely
elrevetti a fejlds vrhat irnyt.
10. Az utbbi vekben egyre tbb vllalkozs indult be annak ksznheten, hogy
lehetv tettk az idegen tke beramlst az orszgba.
11. Majdnem olyan gazdag lehettem volna, mint az amerikai nagynnm, ha a lottn
ts tallatom lett volna.
12. Angliai kirndulsunk vgre minden kszpnznk elfogyott, a bankok pedig - ahol
hitelkrtyra pnzt vehettnk volna fel - sztrjk miatt zrva tartottak, ezrt
knytelenek voltunk stoppal hazatrni.
13. Annak ellenre, hogy a trsasgban senki sem figyelt a trtneteire, tovbbra is
csak magrl meslt.
14. Hazajtt anlkl, hogy megvizsgltatta volna magt, pedig Afrikban abban az
idben sokfle fertz betegsg terjedt el.
15. Kpzeld, imdja a csicss ruhkat, most is vett hrom vadonatjat, s mindig attl
tart, hogy nem tud lpst tartani a legjabb divattal.
16. Miutn Mary sszeveszett Joe-val, szttpte azt a fnykpet, amit kt vvel azeltt
ajndkozott neki a fi.
17. Tagadta, hogy a bulin teljesen rszegre itta magt, s gy vezette az autt.
18. Semmi rtelme, hogy tagadd a tetted, hiszen minden nyom hozzd vezet.
19. Inkbb replvel szeretnk Trkorszgba utazni, hiszen busszal rkkvalsgig
tart, mg odarek.
20. Gondolod, hogy megszokta mr a knai teleket? Biztosan, mivel hrom vig
dolgozott Knban, s eltte is, amikor mg itthon lt, knai tterembe jrt
vacsorzni hetente egyszer.
21. Kicserltetn a magnjt a boltban, de a bartai meg vannak gyzdve arrl, hogy
gysem fog sikerlni.
22. Mivel vek ta l Olaszorszgban, mindenki azt gondolta rla, hogy mr rg
bankszmlt nyittatott, de csaldst okozott, hogy mg mindig nem tette.
23. ppen akkor loptk el melllem a brndmet, amikor figyelmeztettem az
utasokat, hogy vigyzzanak a tskikra.
24. Mr. Bean nem szereti, ha rkig vrakoztatjk.
25. Nem trm, hogy ilyeneket mondj a bartomrl, amikor segtett neked a
legtbbet, amikor bajban voltl.
26. Vagy elmsz, vagy hvom a rendrsget, ha nem hallgatsz a szp szra!
27. Teljesen meggylltette magt azzal az egy mondattal, amit a sajt bartnjrl
mondott.

199
MIXED SENTENCES

28. Meglehetsen htborzongat ltvnyt nyjtott, amint az ttest szln fekdt vres
testtel.
29. A bnyszok kt htig folytattk a sztrjkot, mg vgre a trgyalsok eredmnyre
vezettek.
30. Jv jniusra mr hrom ve lesz annak, hogy befejeztk a hz ptst.
31. Amikor kzpiskolba jrtam, tbb figyelmet kellett volna fordtanom az angol
tanulsra is, s mr akkor le tudtam volna tenni a kzpfok nyelvvizsgt.
32. 2000-re mr 22 ve lesz annak, hogy meghzasodtunk, s taln unokink is
lesznek.
33. Kzismert tny, hogy az alkoholizmus tern Magyarorszg vilgviszonylatban
elkel helyen ll.
34. Az alkohol rnak jelents emelse taln lehetne az egyik megelzsi md, de ez
egyedl nem elg a baj megoldsra.
35. A brsgon egyik tan sem mondott igazat, annak ellenre, hogy fel kellett
eskdnik a Biblira.
36. Ha netn mgis megrkezne az rtekezlet kezdetre, azonnal kldesd be a terembe.
37. Jobban szeretnm, ha John hrom v mlva inkbb Oxfordban tanulna, mint New
Yorkban, mivel engem is abba a vrosba fognak helyezni.
38. Ami engem illet, a kvetkez nyron inkbb Nmetorszgba mennk, mert az
USA-ban rossz tapasztalataim voltak a kzbiztonsgot illeten.
39. Azt mondjk rla, hogy valamikor kitnen tudott fzni, mert fiatal korban a vilg
klnbz szllodiban dolgozott mint szakcs, s ezalatt kitanulta a
konyhamvszet minden csnjt-bnjt.
40. Szndkban ll elkldeni a levelet, br meg van arrl gyzdve, hogy bartai
kzl nhnyan nem tartjk ezt j tletnek.
41. Tegnap megjavttatta volna a mr kt hete elromlott rdit, ha a testvre nem vitte
volna mr el a szervizbe kt nappal ezeltt.
42. Lehetsges, hogy holnap tallkozik az elnkkel, aki mr egy. hete szeretn
megismerni az j biztonsgi embert.
43. Az a testvre, aki Svjcban l, holnap lesz hrom hete, hogy megnslt volna, ha a
menyasszonya meg nem szkik a vlegny egyik bartjval.
44. Ha knnyen meg lehetett volna oldani a problmjt, biztos, hogy nem fordult
volna pszicholgushoz.
45. Lehetne annyi esze, hogy nem mutat rossz pldt a kisebbeknek.
46. Ha a cserp nem esett volna a fejre, biztos, hogy most a Kanri-szigeteken tlten
a nyarat azzal a bartnjvel, akivel azt a gynyr ruht varratta.
47. Taln szvesen eljnne a killtsra, ha rszletesebben rnnak rla az jsgok.
48. A tegnapi jsgban olvastam, hogy az a bntny, amit hrom vvel ezeltt kvettek
el, mg mindig feldertetlen.
49. A tanra nagyon csodlkozott, hogy mssal oldatta meg a feladatot, holott biztos
volt benne, hogy egyltaln nem volt nehz a kijellt feladat.
50. Mr nagyon vrom a tallkozst, mert azt rtad, hogy elhozod a lnyodat is, aki
kicsi kora ta gynyren tud zongorzni.
51. A levelet meg kellett kapnia, klnben nem tudta volna, hogy a sznhzi msort
ksbbre halasztottk.
52. Azt javasolta, hogy inkbb tterembe menjnk ahelyett, hogy az fztjt kelljen
megkstolnunk.
53. Meglehetsen j helyzetbe kerlt azltal, hogy a mlt hten sok pnzt nyert az
egyik szerencsejtkon.
54. Az zlet vezetje nem alkalmazta a jelltet, pedig az magas fok vgzettsggel
rendelkezett.

200
 MIXED SENTENCES
55. Mirt gondolod, hogy biztos nem volt az az ember, aki a mlt hten kvetett?
56. A lnyok, akik mg tegnap itt voltak, mra valszn, hogy hazamentek.
57. A pnz, amit sikerlt thoznod a hatron, biztos, hogy hamis volt.
58. Ha a motorosok nem lltottk volna meg azt az autt, tbb embert is elgzolhatott
volna a vezet, mivel rszeg volt.
59. Brcsak elllna az es holnapra, mert meggrtk a lnyoknak, hogy a kertben
fogunk dolgozni.
60. Sem Max, sem David nem akarta, hogy tlevl nlkl hagyjk el az orszgot, mert
tudtk, biztos nem boldogulnak anlkl sehol sem.
61. Az a tanr, aki tudja, hogyan kell megszerettetni a dikokkal a klnbz
tantrgyakat, biztos, hogy npszer a nebulk kztt.
62. Az jsgcikk nem lehetett olyan rdekes, hogy egsz dlutn azt olvassa ahelyett,
hogy velem beszlgetett volna.
63. Szerintem egyikjknek sem kell itt maradni, ha nem akarnak.
64. Br j eredmnyt rt el a versenyen, nem volt elgedett magval, annl is kevsb,
mert biztos volt benne, hogy els helyezst fog elrni.
65. Nem lett volna szabad felvennie a telefont, hiszen sejtette, hogy a hv nem lehetett
ms, csak a zsarolja.
66. Amint belpett a szobba, rezte, hogy valaki biztosan volt ott, ugyanis idegen
parfm illata terjengett a levegben.
67. Ha netaln szksged lenne rm, csak szlj s n azonnal megyek.
68. Azt hiszem, mg nem tallkoztam olyan emberrel, akihez szvesen felesgl
mennk, br mr tbben megkrtk a kezem.
69. Nemrg jttem haza Thaifldrl, de azt hiszem, hogy oda minden krlmnyek
kztt legalbb mg egyszer vissza fogok menni.
70. Hiba figyelmeztettk a szomszdai, hogy javttassa meg a mosgpt, gy tnik,
mg mindig nem tett egy lpst sem annak rdekben, hogy ne ztassa el tbbet a
szomszdokat.
71. Az a clja, hogy minl jobban meggyzze hallgatit a fordts hasznossgrl, s
hogy megmutassa, milyen nagy sikerlmnyt nyjt nehz mondatok helyes
lefordtsa.
72. Az a pletyka terjeng rla, hogy fiatal korban igencsak gyakran nzett a pohr
fenekre, ezrt betegeskedik olyan sokat a mjval mostanban.
73. Ha netaln megrkezne az elads kezdetig, engedjtek meg neki, hogy
megkeressen a nztren.
74. Ha nem kelne ki a nvny, aminek a magjt elvetetted, j magokat kell rendelni a
katalgusbl.
75. A virgot, amit tavaly rendeltl, mg mindig nem kldtk meg, annak ellenre,
hogy mr hromszor is rtl nekik levelet.
76. Szerintem rltek volna a szleid, ha nem ppen ma este msz el abba a buliba,
ami a vros msik rszn van.
77. ppen a fordts kzepn jrtam, amikor eszembe jutott, hogy el kellett volna
mennem a fnykpszhez, hogy j fnykpet csinltassak a szemlyi
igazolvnyomba.
78. A srga Chevrolet a dombra akart felkapaszkodni, mikor a helikopterrl
sorozatlvst adtak le.
79. Azt hiszem, nem kellett volna meggrnie, hogy segteni fog, ha kptelen betartani
a szavt.
80. Hrom ven keresztl olyan kemnyen dolgozott, hogy a kvetkez vet
Kanadban tlthette, ahol klnbz technolgiai eljrsokat tanulmnyozott.
81. Ha mgis gy dntenl, hogy elfogadod az rajnlatomat, rtests minl elbb.

201
MIXED SENTENCES

82. Azt mondta, hogy hromszor ilyen gyorsan tudna futni, ha nem srlt volna meg a
legutbbi meccsen, amit a holland Ajax csapatval jtszottak.
83. Az desanyja azt zente, hogy msnap hrom krl felugrik hozz, s megmutatja,
hogyan kell kszteni a stemnyt.
84.'Az j kertsz azt javasolta, hogy a virgot hetente ktszer ntzzem s lehetleg
fellrl, de egy volt kollgm szerint elg a heti egy ntzs is.
85. Azltal, hogy feljelentette a szomszdjt, sajt maga kerlt bajba, mert kiderlt,
hogy volt az az ember, aki t httel azeltt kirabolta a Nemzeti Bankot kt
trsval.
86. Mr bnom, hogy nem fogadtuk el a knai zletfl ajnlatt, mert biztos, hogy nem
csapott volna be gy, mint ahogy ez a partnernk tette.
87. Mirt nem jelentettk mg be az j ingatlan vsrlst, ha mr fl ve a
tulajdonukban van?
88. Sokkal jobban tennd, ha nem holnap jnnl el, mert zleti trgyalsom lesz egy
fontos gyfllel, s nem szeretnk elmulasztani egy j zletet sem.
89. Jobban tetted volna, ha valaki mshoz msz frjhez, nem pedig egy ilyen alakhoz,
aki mg egy rntottt sem kpes sszetni, pedig annak idejn meggrte, hogy is
fog fzni a htvgeken, hogy te is tudj pihenni.
90. Felttlenl olvasd el azt az tiknyvet, amit tegnap dediklt az rja, mert nagyon
sok hasznos informcit tudhatsz meg Korerl, ahova az idn nyron kszlsz egy
hnapra.
91. Nagyon sajnlom, de azt kell mondanom, hogy a hrom hnap prbaid alatt
vgzett munkd azt mutatja, hogy nem igazn vagy alkalmas annak a feladatnak az
elvgzsre, amit rd bztunk.
92. A bartom azt krdezte, flrerakasson-e nekem is egy olyan szekrnyt, mint
amilyent vett egy httel azeltt.
93. Azt tudakolta, hogy elmehet-e a moziba, ha annak a nnek a fia hvja, akit nem
igazn kedvelek.
94. Mire a vendgek megrkeztek, elksztettk az ebdet, de a vilg minden kincsrt
sem mondtuk volna meg nekik, hogy hajnali t ta dolgozunk.
95. Mirt mondtad, hogy sem a barackot, sem az almt nem szereted, amikor mindenki
tudja, hogy lelkesen fogyasztod a gymlcst naponta akr hromszor is?
96. Amikor megszlalt az orgona a templomban, olyan htattal hallgatta, mintha soha
nem hallott volna ilyet.
97. Maryrl kiderlt, hogy nem gy vgzi a munkjt, ahogy a fnkei elvrjk tle,
ezrt valsznleg fizetsemelst sem fog kapni.
98. gy tnik, nem elg fradt ahhoz, hogy el tudjon aludni egy kis olvasgats nlkl.
99. Figyelmedbe ajnlom a legjabban megjelent francia nyelvknyvet, mert ahogy
bngsztem, egyre jobban meggyzdtem arrl, hogy ez a fajta tanknyv segt
legjobban a nyelv tanulsban s hasznlatban.
100. Nem kellett volna segtened neki, ha olyan durva volt, mieltt szksge volt rd. -
Tudom, de valaha j bartok voltunk, s mg mindig sok szp kzs emlknk
van.
101. Mirt pont azt a fekete ruht vetted fel, ami olyan rosszul ll neked, radsul
sovnyt is?
102. Azt krdezte, kpes leszek-e megoldani a feladatot, mivel t rn t hinyoztam, s
pont azokon az rkon tanultak a fgg beszdrl.
103. Mr legalbb ezerszer elmondtam, hogy rakj rendet a frdszobban frds utn,
mert ki nem llhatom, ha siklnom kell a kdat utnad.
104. Igazn befejezhetnd mr a feladatokat, nem lehetnek olyan nehezek, mint azok,
amiket a felvtelin kaptunk.

202
 MIXED SENTENCES

105. Ha megnyrtad volna az lsvnyt, nem kellett volna megkrnem a sgoromat,

hogy megcsinlja.
106. Ltom, valjban fogalmad sincs, mirl lehetett sz azon az eladson, ami tegnap
dleltt volt a Kongresszusi Palotban.
107. Ha nem lett volna Tom, biztosan eltvedtnk volna, mivel egyiknk sem ismerte a
vidket olyan jl, mint .
108. A professzor azt krdezte, hogy mindenki megkapta-e a tteleket, amelyeket a
vizsgra meg kellett tanulniuk.
109. Amita megismertem t, nem tudok semmi msra gondolni, csak arra, hogy milyen
lesz az jabb tallkozs.
110. Mr megint piszkltad a magnmat? Azonnal csinltasd meg, vagy soha tbbet
nem engedem, hogy hozznylj!
111. Brcsak idben krtl volna segtsget tlem: tudtam volna segteni anlkl, hogy
brmilyen viszonzst vrtam volna rte.
112. Mennyi ideig tanultl angolul, mieltt Angliba mentl azzal az rzssel, hogy
minden krlmnyek kztt meg fogod tudni rtetni magad?
113. Brmilyen kemnyen is prblkozol, soha nem sikerl elrned a cljaidat, hacsak
nem tallod meg az illetkes szemlyeket.

Megoldsok
1. I wish we had been given copies of questionnaires made in Japan last year on
changes in living standards.
2. If you don't want to lose your job, never find fault with your boss.
3. Remember to give the draft to the director, or else he will snap your head off.
4. He remembered passing on his boss's message to the secretary.
5. The police are accusing him of exploding the airplane/aeroplane but he has denied
having been near the airport on the night of the event.
6. "The spitting image of his grandfather!" That's what people who had never met the
other members of the family said about him.
7. She should have tried the new detergent before giving any opinion on i t
8. By this time the day after tomorrow we shall have been over the exam and we may
organise a party afterwards in the nearest restaurant.
9. Since the last general elections a large number of changes have taken place in the
country indicating what trend of development we can expect.
10. More and more enterprises have been started up during the recent years due to the
fact that the inflow of foreign capital into the country has been facilitated (or:
rendered possible).
11. I might have been almost as rich as my aunt living in the USA if I had hit all the
five numbers in the lottery.
12. By the end of our excursion to England we had run out of all our cash and the
banks, where we could have drawn some money using our credit cards, were closed
due to a strike. That's why we had no choice but to come home hitch-hiking.
13. In spite of the fact that none of those present was listening to his stories in the
company, he went on speaking only about himself.
14. He returned home without having himself examined, although there were a lot of
contagious diseases spreading in Africa at that time.
15. Just imagine, she loves flashy clothes. She has just bought three brand new dresses
again, and she is always afraid of not being able to keep up with the latest fashion.
16. Mary, having fallen out with Joe, tore the photo the boy had given her two years
before into shreds.

203
MIXED SENTENCES

17. He denied that he had been dead drunk at the party or that he had driven the car in
that condition.
18. It's no use denying what you've done since all the traces lead to you.
19. I'd rather travel to Turkey by plane since it takes ages to get there by bus.
20. Do you think he has already got used to Chinese food? Sure, because he worked in
China for three years and even before that, when he was still living at home, he
used to have dinner in a Chinese restaurant every week.
21. He would like to have his tape-recorder exchanged in the shop but his friends are
by no means convinced that he will succeed.
22. Having lived in Italy for years, he was thought to have opened a bank account long
before, but he disappointed everybody by not having done it yet.
23. My suitcase was just being stolen from my side when I was warning the passengers
to keep an eye on their bags.
24. Mr. Bean doesn't like being kept waiting for hours.
25. I won't let you say things like that about my friend, who gave you the most help
when you were in trouble.
26. Either you leave or I will call for the police, if you won't listen to reason!
27. He made everybody hate him with the one sentence he had said about his own girl
friend.
28. He presented rather a spine-chilling sight, lying on the road side, his body covered
in blood.
29. The miners went on striking for two more weeks until negotiations were at last
successful.
30. In June next year it will be three years since we finished building our house.
31. When I was a grammar-school pupil I should have paid more attention to studying
English, too, and I would already have passed the intermediate-level State Exam
then.
32. By 2000 we shall have been married for twenty-two years, and we may have
grandchildren as well.
33. It's common knowledge that Hungary has a distinguished position on a world scale
in the field of alcohol consumption.
34. A significant rise in the price of alcoholic drinks might be one preventative
measure, however, it isn't enough in itself to solve the trouble.
35. None of the witnesses told the truth in court, despite their being obliged to take the'
oaths on the Bible.
36. Anyway, if he should arrive by the beginning of the meeting, get him sent into the
room immediately.
37. I would prefer John to study in Oxford rather than in New York in three years' time,
since I, too, will be transferred to that city.
38. As for me, I would rather go to Germany next summer because I had some bad
experiences with crime in the USA.
39. He is said to have been able to cook excellent dishes, because he worked as a cook
in different hotels all over the world when he was young, during which he learned
all the ins and outs of the art of cooking.
40. He intends to send the letter, although he is convinced that some of his friends don't
think it's a good idea.
41. He would have had the radio that went wrong two weeks ago repaired yesterday if
his brother hadn't taken it to the repair shop two days ago.
42. Tomorrow he may meet the President, who has wanted to get to know the new
security guard for as long as a week.

204
 MIXED SENTENCES

43. His brother who lives in Switzerland would have been married for three weeks
tomorrow if his fiancee hadn't eloped with a friend of his.
44. Had it been easy to solve his problem, he certainly wouldn't have consulted a
psychologist.
45. You'd think he could have more sense than to give a bad example to younger
children.
46. Had the tile not fallen on her head, she would certainly be spending the summer on
the Canary Islands with the friend of hers who(m) she got to sew that beautiful
dress.
47. He might be glad to come to the exhibition if the newspapers wrote about it in
more detail.
48. I read in yesterday's newspaper that the case of the crime committed three years ago
still hasn't been solved.
49. His teacher was surprised at his getting someone else to solve the task, although he
was sure that the task he had set was not difficult at all.
50. I'm looking forward to meeting you, because you wrote that you would bring your
daughter with you, who has been able to play the violin beautifully since she was a
child.
51. He must have received the letter, otherwise he wouldn't have known that the theatre
performance had been postponed to a later date.
52. He suggested going to a restaurant instead of having to taste her cooking.
53. He became fairly well-off after having won a lot of money by gambling last week.
54. The shopkeeper didn't offer the applicant a job in spite of his high qualifications.
55. What makes you think that he can't have been the man who followed you last
week?
56. The girls, who were still here yesterday, are likely to have gone home by today.
57. The money you managed to bring across the border must have been counterfeit.
58. If that car hadn't been stopped by motorists, it is possible that the driver would have
run over even more people, since he was drunk.
59. I wish it would stop raining by tomorrow, because we have promised the girls that
we would work in the garden.
60. Neither Max nor David wanted them to leave the country without a passport as they
knew they wouldn't be able to manage without it anywhere.
61. Teachers who know how to make pupils like various subjects must be popular with
them.
62. The article can't have been so interesting that he would read it all afternoon instead
of talking to me.
63. I don't think any of them needs to stay here if they don't want to.
64. Although he achieved good results in the competition, he wasn't satisfied with
himself even less so since he had been confident of winning the gold medal.
65. She shouldn't have answered the phone since she suspected that the caller could
only have been her blackmailer.
66. On entering the room, he smelt that someone must have been there as there was the
scent of a strange perfume in the air.
67. Should you happen to need me, just call me and I will come to you at once.
68. I don't think I've ever met a man I would like to marry, although I have already
been proposed to by several gentlemen.
69. I have recently returned from Thailand but I think I will certainly go back there at
least once.

205
MIXED SENTENCES

70. It was in vain that his neighbours warned him to have his washing machine
repaired; he doesn't seem to have done anything to avoid soaking the neighbours
again.
71. As far as possible, he aims to convince his students how useful translating is and to
show what a great sense of achievement the correct translation of difficult
sentences offers.
72.. He is rumoured to have drunk bottles of spirits in his youth, that's why he is having
so much trouble with his liver now.
73. Should he arrive before the performance starts, let him try to find me in the
audience.
74. If the plants don't come up from the seeds you've just sown, new seeds will have to
be ordered from the catalogue.
75. They still haven't sent the flower you ordered last year, in spite of you having
written as many as three letters to them.
76. I think your parents would have been glad if you didn't go to the party at the other
end of town just tonight.
77. I was just in the middle of my translation when it occurred to me that I should have
gone to the photographer's to have a new photo taken for my identity card.
78. The yellow Chevrolet was just about to climb up to the hill when a hail of bullets
was shot from the helicopter.
79. I think he shouldn't have promised to help me if he is unable to keep his word.
80. For three years he worked so hard that he was able to spend the next year in
Canada, where he studied different technological procedures.
81. Should you decide to accept my estimate, inform me as soon as possible.
82. He said he could have run three times as quickly as that if he hadn't got injured
during the last match they played against the Dutch team called Ajax.
83. Her mother sent her a message saying that she would drop in on her at about three
o'clock the next day and that she would show her how to make the cake.
84. The new gardener suggested that I should water the plant twice a week and if
possible from above but according to an ex-colleague of mine watering it once a
week is also sufficient.
85. By having reported his neighbour to the police he himself got into trouble, because
it turned out that he was the man who had robbed the National Bank with two
accomplices five weeks before.
86. Now I regret not having accepted the offer of our Chinese partner, since he couldn't
possibly have cheated us as much as this partner of ours has done.
87. Why hasn't the purchase of the new property been reported yet if it has been in their
possession for half a year?
88. You had much better not come tomorrow because I'm going to have a business
negotiation with an important client and I wouldn't like to miss any good business.
89. You should have married someone else instead of a guy who can't even cook
scrambled eggs, although he promised that he, too, would cook at the week-ends so
that you could also have a rest.
90. You must read the guide-book, which was signed yesterday by its author; you can
learn a lot of useful information from it about Corea, where you are spending a
month this summer.
91. I'm awfully sorry but I must say that the work you've performed during the three
months' probation term indicates that you're not really suitable for carrying out the
task we commissioned you to do.
92. My friend asked me whether he should have a cupboard reserved for me, too, the
same kind as the one he had bought a week before.

206
 MIXED SENTENCES

93. She inquired whether she could go to the cinema if the son of the woman I don't
really like invited her.
94. By the time the guests arrived we had prepared lunch but we wouldn't have told
them that we had been working since five in the morning for all the tea in China.
95. Why did you say that you don't like either peaches or apples when everybody
knows that you like to eat fruit even as many as three times a day?
96. On hearing the organ in the church, she listened to it with such fascinated rapture as
if she had never heard anything like it before.
97. Mary turned out not to be doing her work in the way her bosses expect of her, that's
why she isn't even likely to get a pay-rise.
98. He doesn't seem to be tired enough to be able to fall asleep without doing some
reading first.
99. I'd like to call your attention to the most recently published French course-book,
because when I was browsing it through I became more and more convinced that
this type of course-book is the most helpful for language learning and language use.
100. You shouldn't have helped her if she was so rude before she needed your help. - I
know but we used to be very good friends and we still share a lot of nice memories.
101. Why have you put on the very dress that suits you so badly and to make matters
worse, makes you look thinner?
102. She asked whether I would be able to do the exercises as I had been absent from
five lessons and they had been learning about reported speech in those very lessons.
103. I have told you at least a thousand times to clean the bathroom after having a bath
because I can't stand having to scrub the bath tub after you leave it.
104. You really could finish the exercises by now, they can't be as difficult as the ones
we had in the entrance exam.
105. If you had pruned the hedge, I wouldn't have had to get my brother-in-law to do it.
106. I can see you really have no idea about what could have been said at the lecture that
was held yesterday in the Palace of Congress!
107. But for Tom, we would have surely got lost, since none of us knew the area as well
as he did.
108. The professor asked whether everybody had been given the topics that they were to
learn for the exam.
109. Since I got to know him I haven't been able to think of anything else than what our
next meeting is going to be like.
110. Have you been tampering with my cassette-recorder again? Get it repaired
immediately or else I won't let you touch it again.
111. I wish you had asked me for help in time. I could have helped you without
expecting anything in return.
112. How long had you been learning English before you went to England with the
feeling that you would be able to make yourself understood in any circumstances?
113. However hard you may try, you will never succeed in getting what you want unless
you can find the responsible persons.

207