01076250 Data Structures & Algorithms Laboratory Lab 1 : A Brief C

Python 3.4 Microsoft Visual Studio

1. Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Python Version 3.4

2. Python 01076249 Data Structures & Algorithms
programming C Java step :
1 :
1.1. MS Visual Studio interactive window 2
1.2. type() 4
1.3. identifier (Name) 4
1.4. Numbers Types & Operations 5
1.5. Assignment Statement 5
1.6. Import Statement 6
1.7. Multiple Assignments 7
1.8. String, Repetition, Concatenation, Indexing, len(), slicing 7
1.9. List, Indexing, slicing, Repetition, Concatenation, len(), append(), Nested List, List Operations 10
2 : Open Python Project MS Visual Studio <F5> <Ctrl+F5>
<F8> (<F11>) <Ctrl+F8> (<F10>) Auto Local Watch
3 : Control Flow
3.1. if 22
3.2. while 24
3.3. range() 24
3.4. for 25
3.5. break, continue, else clauses on loops 25
3.6. pass 26
3.7. Function Definition 26
3.8. Return Value(s) Function 26
4 :
4.1. def factorial(n): 27
4.2. def multiples_of_3_and_5(n): 27
4.3. def integer_right_triangles(p): 27
4.4. def gen_pattern(chars): 27

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01076250 Data Structures & Algorithms Laboratory Lab 1 : A Brief C

1. 1 :
1.1. MS Visual Studio interactive window

icon All Programs

Visual Studio 2015
Start Page

Quick Launch :
interactive window

Python 3.4 Interactive

Interactive
Window
&
prompt
>>>

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01076250 Data Structures & Algorithms Laboratory Lab 1 : A Brief C

interactive version Python prompt >>> Python

statement
$help <Enter>

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01076250 Data Structures & Algorithms Laboratory Lab 1 : A Brief C

1.2. type() : Python OOP type object lecture output

>>> s = 'Hi' # string in single or double quotes
>>> i = 5 # float
>>> f = 3.2 # int
>>> print(s, i, f,'try')

>>> type(s)

>>> type('Hi')

>>> type(i)

>>> type(f)

>>> i #interactive mode print(i)

1.3. identifier (Name) a to z, A to Z, 0to 9, _

keywords

Python Keywords

False and break def else for if is not raise while

None as class del except from import lamda or return with

True assert continue elif finally global in nonlocal pass try yield

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1.4. Numbers Types & Operations

operators expression

>>> 5/2
2.5
>>> 5//2
2
>>> 5%2
1
>>> 2**3
8
>>> 3.5 - 2
1.5

1.5. Assignment Statement

C: int a = 5.2; // a data 5.2

// define type a memory type
Python: a = 5.2 # a address object 5.2
# a reference 5.2
assignment statement name reference object id()
operators: is is not

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>>> a = 5.2
>>> b = int(2)
>>> a is b

>>> print(a, b, id(a), id(b))

>>> a = b
>>> print(a, b, id(a), id(b))

>>> a is b

1.6. Import Statement

math module : file math functions import

import

>>> import math >>> from math import pi

>>> print(math)
>>> print(pi)
<module 'math' (built-in)> name
3.141592653589793
>>> print(math.pi)

3.141592653589793 >>> from math import *
>>> math.cos(math.pi)
>>> cos(pi)
-1.0
-1.0
>>> math.log2(8)
3.0 >>> pi = 5
>>> math.sqrt(16)
>>> cos(pi)
4.0
0.28366218546322625
>>> math.trunc(3.67)
3

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01076250 Data Structures & Algorithms Laboratory Lab 1 : A Brief C

1.7. Multiple Assignments

>>> a, b, c = 1, 3.5, 'Hello' >>> i = j = k = 'same'

>>> print(a, b, c) >>> id(i)
1 3.5 Hello 37565440
>>> id(j)
37565440
>>> id(k)
37565440

evaluate expresstion

expr3, expr4 = expr1, expr2

code a b

>>> a = 5
>>> b = 10
>>> a, b = b, a
>>> print(a,b)
10 5

code x[1] 2 i= 1 evaluate x[i] = 2 x[1] = 2

>>> x = [0, 1]
>>> i = 0
>>> i, x[i] = 1, 2
>>> print(x)
[0, 2]

1.8. String

String type character Python string

1.8.1. single quotes double quotes string

>>> 'string'
'string'
>>> "This is also string"
'This is also string'

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1.8.2. Repetition ( * ) Concatenation ( + ) Operators

>>> 3*'aa' + 'bcd'

'aaaaaabcd'
>>> str = 'x'
>>> 6*str
'xxxxxx'

1.8.3.String Literals concatenation variable +

>>> '1234''5678'
'12345678'
>>> s2 = '1234'
>>> s2 + '5678'
'12345678'

string

>>> longStr = 'kasdfjkas'

>>> longStr = ('long .........................'
... 'still ........................'
... 'finally.......................')
>>> longStr
'long .........................still ........................finally.......................'

1.8.4.String Indexing (subscript)

character string index 0 1 ...
index - index -1 (-0 0) -2
index (range) error
>>> s = '0123456789'
>>> s[1]
'1'
>>> s[-1]
'9'
>>> s[-2]
'8'
>>> s[20]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: string index out of range

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1.8.5. len() return String Length

>>> s = '0123456789'
>>> len(s)
10

1.8.6.String Slicing
>>> s = '0123456789'
>>> s[1:3]
substring string a:b:c '12'
>>> s[2:9:2]
a index ( ) '2468'
>>> s[:3]
b " ( string) '012'
c" ( 1) >>> s[2:]
'23456789'
>>> s[-7:8]
'34567'
>>> 'Hello' + s[-7:8]
'Hello34567'

1.8.7.String immutable type

type int float (object) string immutable

>>> s = '0123456789'
>>> s[0] = 'a'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

1.8.8. String Operations

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1.9. List

List type Python >>> [1,2,3,4]

[1, 2, 3, 4]
[ ] element list , >>> list = ['Hello', 3, 3.5]
>>> print(list)
element type ( type ) ['Hello', 3, 3.5]

1.9.1. Indexing (subscript) Slicing >>> list = ['Hello', 3, 3.5]

>>> list[0]
string type built-in sequence type 'Hello'
>>> list[-1]
List index slicing 3.5

string int float, list mutable type

>>> l = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
>>> list = ['Hello', 3, 3.5] >>> l[1:9:2]
>>> list[0] = 1 [1, 3, 5, 7]
>>> list >>> l[-7:len(l):2]
[1, 3, 3.5] [3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> l[:] [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
>>> l[1:9:2] = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> l
[0, 'a', 2, 'b', 4, 'c', 6, 'd', 8, 9]
>>> l[1:5] = [] # empty list
>>> l
[0, 'c', 6, 'd', 8, 9]

1.9.2. Repeatition ( * ) Concatenation ( + ) Operators len()

>>> li = [1,2]
>>> lis = [3,4,5]
>>> 2*li + lis
[1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> len(li)
2

1.9.3. append() list method >>>

[1,
li
2]
>>> li.append(3)
listVariable.append(i) element i list >>>
[1,
li
2, 3]

>>> li
[1, 2, 3]
1.9.4. Nested List >>> li.append([3,4])
>>> li
[1, 2, 3, [3, 4]]
list >>> li[3]
[3, 4]
>>> li[3][1]
4

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1.9.5.List Operations

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2. 2 : Open Python Project MS Visual Studio

2.1. Start Page <New Project>

2.

1.

4.
3.
(QuickPython)

New Project Window : application ( QuickPython) ok

Solution Explorer

Project

Code

(Interactive Window )

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: / ()

View Menu
( )

icon

compile time error

mouse

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reset window layout : Menu Window

Solution Explorer

/ Menu Bar

mouse

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2.2. Line Numbers

Line Numbers

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2.3. run Debugger keyboard mouse

shortcut

MS Visual Studio
debugger
debug run

short cut

shortcut

Debug Menu

2.3.1. <Ctrl+F5> debugger run output / error

show Debugger
OUTPUT

<Ctrl+F5> run

show
ERROR

2.3.2. <F5> debugger output / error

<F5> error

error

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2.3.3. <Shift+F8> <F10> Step Over debugger

2.3.4. <F8> <F11> Step Into debugger run

2.3.5. <Ctrl+Shift+F8> Step Out debugger

<F8>
<F11>

()

<F8>
<F11>

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<F8> fn definition ( call)

<F11>

<F8>
step into fn
<F11>
fancyPrint()

stack
1. line 7 QuickPython
2. jump fancyPrint()

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<F8> i=0<3 for

<F11>

n, i

<F8> print output i

<F11>

output i

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<F8> i = 1 < 3 ( n ) for

<F11>

n, i

<F8> print output i

<F11>

output i

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step out :
<Ctrl+Shift+
F8>
control ()
output

output

local variables : n, i
fancyPrint()
scope

x local
QuickPython

step over :
<Ctrl+F8>
run fancyPrint(x+5)
<F10>
output

output
call fancyPrint()
2

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2.4. Stop Debugging debug

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3. 3 : Control Flow
:
body block
3.1. If 3

1. if

if test expression:
statement(s)

2. if ... else

if test expression:
Body of if
else:
Body of else

3. if ... elif ...else # if ... else if ... else

if test expression:
Body of if
elif test expression:
Body of elif
else:
Body of else

level nesting indentation

C condition ( )
: block statements

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input() :
prompt
float() print() :
str() input string end
int()
cast string ( newline)
int ( null character)

x = int(input("Please enter an integer: "))

print(x, end ='')

if x >= 0:

if x == 0:

print('=0')

else:

print('>0')

else:

print('<0')

score = int(input('input your score : '))

if score < 50:
print('fail')
elif score == 50:
print('Ohh!! almost fail')
else: print('pass')

: Python Code 3 test case

:
Multiple Assignment !

x, y, z = 5,7,3 x, y, z = 15,7,20 !
if x > y and x > z : if x > y > z :
print('max = ',x) print('max = ',x)
elif y > x and y > z : elif y > x > z :
print('max = ',y) print('max = ',y)
else: print('max = ',z) else: print('max = ',z)

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3.2. while

while test_expression:
Body of while

# initialize sum and counter

sum = 0
i = 1

while i <= n:
sum = sum + i
i = i+1 # update counter

# print the sum

print("The sum is", sum)

3.3. range()

a = start
b = end
s = step size ( 1)

range (a, b, s) return sequence a, a + 1s, a + 2s, a + 3s, . . ., before b

argument n

a = 0, b = n, s = 1

print(list(range(5))) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

print(list(range(0,5))) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

print(list(range(-10,-50,-20))) [-10, -30]

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3.4. for variable

sequence
iteration

for val in sequence:

Body of for

# Find sum of elements in list

list = [2, 1, 3, 4]
sum = 0

for ele in list: # iterate over the list

sum = sum + ele

print("Sum =", sum) Sum = 10

for i in range(5): 0 1 2 3 4
print(i, end = ' ')
print()

list[0] = 2
list[1] = 1
list[2] = 3
? list[3] = 4

3.5. break , continue, else clauses on loops

for n in range(2, 10):
for x in range(2, n):
break if n % x == 0:
loop print(n, '=', x, '*', n//x)
else loop break
else:
# loop fell through without finding a factor
print(n, 'is prime')

else continue
for iteration
2 is prime iteration
while condition false 3 is prime
4 = 2 * 2
5 is prime
6 = 2 * 3
7 is prime
8 = 2 * 4
9 = 3 * 3

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3.6. pass
pass
class myClass:
pass

def myFun(n):
pass

3.7. Function Definition

3.8. Return Value(s) Function

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4. 4 :

comment raise statement

4.1. factorial

4.2. n mutiples 3 5 multiples 3 5 10

3 5 6 9 23

4.3. 60 (right triangle) 2 [(10, 24, 26),

(15, 20, 25)] code integer p returns list tuples (a, b, c)
tuple ab<c list solution
a

4.4. gen_pattern() pattern string 1

ASCII art pattern character return

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return pattern string ( print ) newline

Python '\n' pattern return str '..Y..\nY.X.Y\n..Y..'

2 type str join center :

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