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Solutions Manual: Urban Drainage 2
Solutions Manual: Urban Drainage 2
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
David Butler and John W Davies
This solutions manual is made available free of charge. Details of the accompanying textbook Urban Drainage
2nd edition (ISBN 0415-30606-X hbk; 0415-30607-8 pbk)
are on the website of the publisher www.sponpress.com and can be ordered from Book.orders@tandf.co.uk
or phone: +44 (0) 1264 343071
First published 2004 by Spon Press, an imprint of Taylor & Francis, 2 Park
Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Taylor & Francis, 270
Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized
in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, except for the downloading and printing of a single
copy from the website of the publisher, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Publisher's note
This book has been produced from camera ready copy provided by the authors
Chapter 3--------------------------------------------- 2
Chapter 5--------------------------------------------- 3
Chapter 6--------------------------------------------- 3
Chapter 7--------------------------------------------- 5
Chapter 8--------------------------------------------- 5
Chapter 9--------------------------------------------- 6
Chapter 10 ------------------------------------------- 7
Chapter 11 ------------------------------------------- 8
Chapter 12 ------------------------------------------10
Chapter 13 ------------------------------------------11
Chapter 14 ------------------------------------------12
Chapter 15 ------------------------------------------12
Chapter 16 ------------------------------------------13
Chapter 17 ------------------------------------------15
Chapter 18 ------------------------------------------16
Chapter 21 ------------------------------------------16
Chapter 23 ------------------------------------------16
Note:
For chapters 1, 2, 4, 19, 20, 22 and 24 the problems are simply issues to think about. Solutions
are only provided to problems with numerical solutions for these chapters and all others.
1
CHAPTER 3
Vs
Cv = = 20 ppm = 20 10 6 m 3 / m 3
V
Density of solid, = M/V, where M is its mass and = 2650 kg/m3. So:
M
C= = Cv = 2650 20 10 6 kg / m 3 = 53 mg / l
V
3.2
QC 665000
C av = = = 208 mg / l
Qav 3190
800
700
Flow (l/s) or COD (mg/l)
600
500
Flow (l/s)
400
COD (mg/l)
300
200
100
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Time (hrs)
2
3.3 Gram atomic weight of N is 14.0 g
gram atomic weight of H is 1.0 g
gram molecular weight of ammonium is 14 + (4 1) = 18 g
14
35 mgNH 4+ / l = 35 = 27 mgNH 4+ N / l
18
3.12 Taken over a 10-year period, there were 11 violations, whereas only up to 10
are permitted, so this water is not in compliance with the standard.
CHAPTER 5
a 1000
i= = = 20.0 mm / h
D + b 30 + 20
Bilham (5.3):
Holland (5.4)
CHAPTER 6
3
Assumes Horton infiltration starts when net rain begins.
Q(1) =1x0 =0
Q(2) = 1 x 250 +2x0 = 250
Q(3) = 1 x 500 + 2 x 250 + 3 x 0 = 1000
Q(4) = 1 x 375 + 2 x 500 + 3 x 250 + 0 x 0 = 2125
Q(5) = 1 x 250 + 2 x 375 + 3 x 500 + 0 x 250 + 1 x 0 = 2500
Q(6) = 1 x 125 + 2 x 250 + 3 x 375 + 0 x 500 + 1 x 250 = 2000
Q(7) =1x0 + 2 x 125 + 3 x 250 +.
Q(8) =1x0 + 2 x 0 + 3 x 125 +
n 1
1
2
1 1 2 1
Qp = = = 1.35 h
K ( 1)! e 0.2 2! e
The units are h-1 because this is based on an instantaneous inflow of unit
volume. So, actual volume in this case:
4
CHAPTER 7
7.2 From co-ordinates, W-E and N-S distance between manholes are 68.114 m
and 22.451 m respectively. From Pythagoras, length of sewer is 71.719 m.
CHAPTER 8
ks Q
8.1 = 0.002 v = = 1.41 m/s
D A
vD 1.41 0.3
Re = = = 371000
1.14 10 6
from Moody diagram (Fig. 8.4), = 0.024 , transitional
8.2 Wallingford chart (Fig. 8.5): hydraulic gradient 0.18 in 100 needed for v of
1.0 m/s giving Q of 300 l/s
v d
Fig. 8.8: for = 0. 8 = 0.3 which gives D = 180 mm
vf D
ks
8.3 = 0.0033
D
from Moody diagram (Fig. 8.4), for Re down to 500 000, = 0.026
LE k L 0 .5
= so LE = 0.45 = 8.7 m
D 0.026
d 150
8.4 = = 0.25
D 600
v
from Fig. 8.8 = 0.7 so v = 0.7 2.2 = 1.5 m/s
vf
Q
and = 0.13 so Q = 80 l/s
Qf
5
A
Af = 0.283 m2 from Fig. 8.8 = 0.195 so A = 0.055 m2
Af
P
Pf = 1.885 m from Fig. 8.8 = 0.335 so P = 0.63 m
Pf
A 0.055
R= = = 0.09 m (or determine from Rf and Fig. 8.8)
P 0.63
1
0 = gRS0 = 1000 9.81 0.09 = 4.4 N/m2
200
8.5 a) from Fig. 8.9 1:190
d
b) from Fig. 8.9 at = 0.83 giving depth of 250 mm
D
c) from Fig. 8.9 v would be 0.78 m/s
d) from Fig. 8.9 for v of 1.0 m/s and Q of 10 l/s gradient must be 1:95
CHAPTER 9
6
D0 200 H min
Fig. 9.3: = = 0.44 giving = 1.9 thus Hmin is 0.38 m
D 450 Do
H > Hmin so not drowned
B 2 .5
y= = = 0.0625 m
z 40
1 1
zS2
40 0.005 2
C= o
= = 217.57
n 0.013
From 9.8:
8 8
CHAPTER 10
7
5 5
PF = 1
= 1
= 2.42
5 5
P 37.5
b) Using the same chart gives a flow capacity of 240 l/s at d/D = 0.75.
So solve for P (population) in:
5 P 160 + 0.5 10 6 + P 20
= 240
(P 1000 )1 5
3600 24
P= 40422
P = 2922
r P(r,N) P(r,N)
0 0.845 0.845
1 1.44 0.989
2 0.010 0.999
3 . .
10.10 150 mm dia pipe @ 1:300 flowing d/D = 0.75 Q = 8 l/s (B-P charts)
8 = 0 .5 N 3 .5 N = 73
8 = 0.046 N N = 174
CHAPTER 11
2
1
11.4 a) Equation 11.2: r = 1 1 = 0.75
2
50
1
b) r = 1 1 = 1.00
2
c) p = 1/T = 1/11 = 0.10
8
10
1
d) r = 1 1 = 0.65
10
Sewer L A A tc = tf + 4 i Q
(m) (ha) (ha) (min) (mm/h) (l/s)
1.0 180 0.2 0.2 6 46.19 26.1
2.0 90 0.6 0.6 5 50.0 83.4
3.0 90 0.9 0.9 5 50.0 125
1.1 90 0.4 2.1 7 44.1 257
11.11
2.5
1.1
1.5
1.0
A (ha)
2.0
3.0
1
SUM
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time (min)
The time area diagram shows a tangent (dashed line) can be drawn from t =
6mins, giving A = 20.5 ha. So using the Rational method and MoH rainfall:
A 2.05
Q = 2.78 750 = 2.78 750 = 267 l / s
t + 10 6 + 10
11.12 Using incremental areas read from time-area diagram:
Q(1) = 0.05 x 20 =1
Q(2) = 0.40 x 20 + 0.05 x 28 = 9.4
Q(3) = 0.40 x 20 + 0.40 x 28 + 0.05 x 64 = 22.4
Q(4) = 0.40 x 20 + 0.40 x 28 + 0.40 x 64 = 44.8
Q(5) = 0.45 x 20 + 0.40 x 28 + 0.40 x 64 = 45.8
Q(6) = 0.35 x 20 + 0.45 x 28 + 0.40 x 64 = 45.2
9
Q(7) = 0.05 x 20 + 0.35 x 28 + 0.45 x 64 = 39.6
+ .
CHAPTER 12
Using B-P charts or other Colebrook-White part full pipe flow solution methods
for Q = 15 l/s gives v = 0.44 m/s, so no this would not self cleanse.
= 1162 800 + 1360 5000 + 2 172 800 = 8 308 400 l/day or 96.2 l/s
i.e. 7.1 DWF
12.6 Table 12.1 gives storage of 80P i.e. 400 000 l or 400 m3
12.7 Table 12.2 gives multiplying factor of 2.0 for suspended solids
so average storm concentration can be taken as 800 mg/l
flow-rate to receiving water is 403.8 l/s
mass in 10 minutes = 403.8 10 60 800 = 194 kg
12.9 D is 0.6 m, which fixes main dimensions: width 1.4 0.6 = 0.84 m
length of weirs 8 0.6 = 4.8 m
etc (as Fig. 12.7)
use Fig.9.11 (all data confirms that this is appropriate)
Bu = Bd = 0.84 m
2
Qu L
Qu = 350 l/s 5
= 0.03 = 5.7
gBu Bu
10
Yu Pu
Fig. 9.11 gives = 0.06
Bu
so upstream depth relative to weir crest (Yu Pu ) 50 mm
Yd Pd
Fig. 9.11 gives = 0 .1
Bu
so downstream depth relative to weir crest (Yd Pd ) 80 mm
57
12.10 Flow ratio = = 15%
380
for total efficiency of 40% Table 12.6 gives K of 1.28
equation (12.1) Dmin = KQ 0.4 = 1.28 0.38 0.4 = 0.87 m
so make diameter of inflow pipe 900 mm
from Fig. 12.4:
length inlet to scumboard 7D 6.3 m
width of chamber 2.5D 2.25 m
height of weir crest above inlet invert 1.2D 1.08 m
CHAPTER 13
13.1
Storm duration Intensity VI (iAiD) VO (QOD) S (VI - VO)
D (minutes) I (mm/h) (m3) (m3) (m3)
8 41.7 100.1 33.6 66.5
12 34.1 122.8 50.4 72.4
16 28.8 138.2 67.2 71
2
13.2 O = 0.63 1.5 2g H 1.5 = 2.79 H 1.5
3
H O S (25 4 H) S O
+
t 2
(m) (m3/s) (m3) (m3/s)
0 0 0 0
0.1 0.088 10 0.127
0.2 0.25 20 0.292
0.3 0.458 30 0.479
0.4 0.706 40 0.686
0.5 0.986 50 0.910
S O
plot + against O
t 2
follow procedure in Table 13.3
11
CHAPTER 14
14.1 plot pump characteristic against system characteristic (static lift + losses)
at operating point: flow-rate 0.105 m3/s head 19 m efficiency 55%
g 0.105 19
power supplied = = 36 kW
0.55
in rising main, v = 2.1 m/s, which comfortably exceeds 0.75 m/s so OK
14.2 plot characteristic for pumps in parallel (as Figs 14.5 and 14.6)
at operating point: flow-rate 0.14 m3/s head 23 m
efficiency for each pump (flow-rate 0.07 m3/s) is 49%
g 0.14 23
power supplied = = 64 kW
0.49
one pump is more efficient
CHAPTER 15
DN 200 OD is 244 mm
Table 15.5 gives min trench width is OD + 0.4 giving 0.644 m
however Table 15.6 (for depth 2 m) gives 0.9 m so this is minimum
15.3 from Table 15.4, the lower of the values for backfill and soil:
K = 0.13
minimum trench width:
Table 15.5 gives OD + 0.5 so 0.78 m; Table 15.6 gives 0.9 m
so Bd = 0.9 m
20.133
1 e 0. 9
equation (15.3) Cd = = 2.23
2 0.13
equation (15.2) Wc = 2.23 19.6 0.9 2 = 35.4 kN/m
12
15.4 from Table 15.4: K = 0.19
Bc is outside diameter of pipe, 0.28 m
for complete projection, equation (15.5)
20.193
e 0.28
1
Cc = = 152
2 0.19
for incomplete projection (Table 15.2)
3
Cc = 1.59 0.09 = 16.9 so use Cc = 16.9 (incomplete projection)
0.28
equation (15.4) Wc = 16.9 19.6 0.28 2 = 26 kN/m
the lower value of Wc should be used wide trench
CHAPTER 16
Volume of storm:
V = 2.2 30 60 = 3960 m3
BOD (conc) = 2244/3960 = 567 mg/l
13
Type Depth Vol Bulk COD Unit COD COD
(mm) (m3/m) density (g/kg) (g/m length) (kg)
(kg/m3)
A 0-300 0.252 1720 16.9 7325 10988
C 300-320 0.024 1170 20.5 576 863
Total 11851
16.10 A bed roughness of 1.2 mm can be used to estimate bed friction factor from
equation 16.10. Pipe runs half full so
1 1
b = 2
= 2
= 0.0205
k 1. 2
4 log10 b 4 log10
3.7D 3.7 1000
Equation 16.9:
8 b 82
vf = = = 0.88 m / s
b 1000 0.0205
16.12 Pot sediment accumulation rate can be calculated form equation 16.17:
Note one sweep per month is 0.0125 sweeps per week
br 0.65 14 0.05
e= = = 7.28 g / m 2 .wk
bs + br 0.0125 + 0.05
14
16.14 Using equations 16.14 and 16.15 applied to current conditions:
f 0.25
b = br + s = 0.06 + = 0.085 wk 1
10 10
Equation 16.13:
5
Xu = = = 58.8 g / m 2
b 0.085
CHAPTER 17
2d 1 2 240
= 2 cos 1 1 = 2 cos 1 = 4.429 rad
D 300
D2 2
A= ( sin ) = 0.30 (4.429 sin 4.429 ) = 0.061m 2
8 8
D 0.30 4.429
P= = = 0.66 m
2 2
A
R = = 0.091m
P
B = D sin = 0.24 m
2
2 2
vn 0.75 0.012
So = 2 = = 0.0020
3
2
R 0.0913
Q = vA = 0.75 0.061 = 46 l / s
15
CHAPTER 18
500 000
18.1 Is cost of rehabilitation (280 000) is less than 10
?
r
1 +
100
5% annual discount rate gives 307 000 so rehab is appropriate
7% gives 254 000 so rehabilitation is not appropriate in cost terms
18.2 Renovation cost, plus replacement cost discounted over 25 years gives:
850 000
500 000 + = 751 000
1.05 25
This is less than the replacement cost (850 000) so it is more cost-effective
to renovate.
CHAPTER 21
D i L
(h) (mm/h) (m)
0.083 112.8 3.73
0.166 80.4 5.27
0.25 62 6.06
0.5 38.2 7.30
1 24.8 9.09
2 14.9 10.09
4 8.6 10.10
6 6.1 9.46
10 4 8.32
24 2 5.80
48 1.1 3.50
CHAPTER 23
23.8 For this cross section, A = 2.5 d2 and R = 0.5d. So from continuity:
16
2
2
vn 1.0 0.025
So = = = 0.0065 1:150
2 2
0.5d (0.5 0.346)
3 3
17