Janbuddveepaya Part 2 PDF

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m%:u uqKh ( 2010 Tlaf;dan 02
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ISBN 978-955-51707-1-0
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1' fy<u ,shQ ;s%msglh yd md,s NdIdj 7
2' wgqjd" ld" mamks yd iu; 19
3' wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh wdrNug fmr 22

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4' nqoaO jkaokdj yd nq ms<su jkaokdj 32
5' fy<u uq,au hq.fha mej;s nqoaO jkaokd l%u 36
6' wguia:dk ixl,amh 48
7' is inq" is i;a Ouh yd is,la forK 73
8' pl%j;s rdc ixl,amh yd ila;s rc mrmqr 77
9' uydjxYh - ;s%msglh yd nqoaO NdIs;h 84
10' foaj fy<h yd foaj ixl,am 94
11' ks.ukh yd iudma;sh 99

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fy,u nqka Wmka ckanqoamhhs hk fmdf;ys fojk fldgi fufia
m%ldYhg m;a lrkakg ;SrKh lf<'
f fy,fu Wmka" f fy,fu j;ajk ksiqka

yehg f fmdf;ys i|yka jk mru i;Hhka wm ljqre ljqre;a
fyd|ska lshjd uid n,d wjfndaO lr.kakg W;aidy oeh hq;=uh'
we;a; l:dlsf yd ,shd f,aLk.; lr ;ef whs;sh iEu
ksfil=gu WreujQ udkisl ksoyils'
f fmdf;ys ,shd t,s olajk fndfyduhla foa lshjd oek.;a

miqj Tn fuf;la oek is" W.;a iu;fhka ms<s.;a" u;hkag jvd
fjkia Ou w:hla fuysoS Tng oek.kakg ,efnkq we;'
iu;hka ;=,skau mrud: Ouh oelSu nqoaO Ouhhs' fmd;m;ska
lshjd ldf.kaj;a wid oek.;a foa iu;hkah' tAjd wkqudkfhka wid
oek bf.k.;a foaj,ah' Tn oek bf.k .;a iu;hka kso n,d tA
wkqidrfhka mru i;Hhu oel .;hq;=h' mru i;Hh oel.ekSu ;u
;ukau lr.;hq;= fohls' Tn fjkqfjka ;j;a flfkl=g mru i;Hh
oel.; fkdyelsh' fuf;la l,la fmd; m; lshjd fyda Yaj oHd,
j,ska fyda Tn ,enQ oekq iNdrh wkqudk {dKfhka ,nd.;a
oekqulau muKla nj Tngu jegfykafka m%;sfo {dKfhka mru
i;Hh oelSfukau muKs'
kS;s mkjd" wkmk;a mkjd wgqjd" ld mamks ,shd mru

i;Hh hgm;a lr oeug yels jkafka fl l<lg muKs' kshu
ksjeros wjia:djg msxmsrE fo ksiqkag i;Hh wjfndaO lr.kakg
myiq jkq msKsi mru i;Hhka fufia fy,s oelau f fmd;a ,shd
m,lsfuys tlu wruqKhs'
f.!;u nqoaO idikh ;=,oSu ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg ;r

msxmsrE jdikdjka; msila f nqoaO N+fhys - ckanqoamfhys f
jkg Wm; ,nd is' f ish lreKq ldrKd fy,s fmfy,s ls
lrkafka tjka whf.a ksjka ud.h jD; lroSf mrud:fhkau"
ksiairK wOHdifhkau i fjk;a fm!oa.,sl jQ n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla
fuys ke;s njo ish,af,dau f;are .ks;ajd'
mD;.ack f,dalhdg" momru mqoa.,hskag h ;rulska fyda

wdh ud.h ms<sn|j;a h oekqula ,nd.kakg;a" wdYaphhka yd
w;aN=; foaj ixl,am j,ska bj;a ksidf.a ukfia Yla;sh f;are
.kakg;a fuys i|yka fndfyda lreKq Wmldrfjkq we;ehs uu is;'
Tn;a tjeks mskajf;l= k" W;= nqoaO Ou ud.h wkq.ukh
lrkafkl= k" f mru i;Hhka Tn i|yd u nj is;kak' ksjka
wjfndaO lr.kakg Wmldr jk mru m;% is ioaOuh kka
fmd;a 26lau ,shd m,lsfuka miqj nqka Wmka foaYh yd nqoaO
Yla;sh ms<sn|j;a f i;Hh lreKq fy,slrkafka uyd mksndk
iq;%fha i|yka jk wjYH;djla W!k mQrKh lr.ekSug Wmldrjk
moafoks' f hq. fufyjr ud iska fufia bgq fkdlf,a k iud
osh yd mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh wo ,nd.kakg fo ksiqkag ,e
we;s W;= wjia:djo u.ye hkakg bv ;snqks' f wkqj fuh Ou
kshduhgu wkq.;j isoaO lrK mru i;Hhka fy,s oelaula muKs'
Oudkq Ou m%;smodfjys fhfok msxj;=kag ksjka u. u;=lr
.ekSug ms<sfj;ska fm<.eiSu i|ydu fuys i|yka lreKq Wmldr
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2010 Tlaf;dan 02
mru ksndk Oudh;kh yd
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wm Wmka f fy<u nqka Wmka ckanqoamhhs - fojk fldgi
1' fy<u ,shq ;s%msglh yd md,s NdIdj
ch kue;s ixl,ams; bkahdkq rcq tod fy<ug mh

;nkakg fmr f fy<f iq foaj f.da;s%l ckhdo" hlaI
fy<fha iQ hlaI f.da;s%l ckhdo" kd. fy<fha iQ kd.
f.da;%sl ckhdo" l=NdKav fy<fha iQ l=NdKav f.da;%sl
ckhdo" idufhka yd iudodkfhka f rfu jdih l<
ck;djh' f k i|yka l< ishu f.da;%j,g wh;a
ukqiaihska lsisfjl=;au woaN+;" wdYaph" wukqiaifhda k
fkdfj;a' jeoaofodao fkdfj;a' fYaIfhkau foaj fy<fha tod
j;a jQ ck;dj oHd Ydia;% oekqfukao" Ys,am l%u oekqfukao"
oek W.;alfuka o" jd ludka;h ms<sn|j Wiia oekqfukao
hq;=j lghq;= l< ksiaiqu jQy' miq lf,l ckanqoamfha
nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ isoaOd: f.!;u fndai;a l=udrhd;a Wm;
,enqfha uyd uhdfoah l=iska fuu foaj fy<fhau m%dfoaYsh rc
flfkl= f,iska tod m%isoahg m;aj is iqoafOdaok rc;=udg
odjh' fy<u foaj fy<fha lsUq,aj;amqrh kka tod m%isoaOj
;snq" wo Uq,d., kka m%isoaOj we;s uyje,s .ska ol=fKa
msysgd ;snq k.rhl YdlH jxYsl rc mrmqr tod rcl lrk
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ta jdf.au wo i;rjr fohka f,iska ykajd fokq
,nk wfma ckhd wo;a je ms lrkq ,nk" p;a;dfrda
uydrdcdjreka f,iska ;s%msgl idys;Hfha;a" wdgdkdgd iQ;%fha;a
i|yka jk" fjiuq" rev" rEmlaL" o;rdYaG hk k we;s
uyrcjreka tod rcl lf<ao f fy<fu hlaI fy<fha yd
kd. fy<fhah'
- 07 -
ta jdf.au ;s%msgl fmd;am;a j, yd uydjxYfha;a"

mjxYfha;a k i|yka jk fldfid,a uyd rc;=ud" idr
uy rc;=ud wcdi;a; uy rc;=ud" iqoafOdaok" wf;daok"
fodaf;daok uy rcjreka" iqm%nqoaO rc;=ud" uydfiak rc;=ud"
wNh rdc l=udrhd" wd,jl" fyauj;" id;d.s" iuka wd
rcjrekao" pqf,daor" ufydaor" uqp,skao" uwla; hk kd.
f.da;%sl rcjreka fukau iqo;a; isgq;=ud" Ydld" kkaod ud;d
;a; .ym;s wd ;s%msglfha k i|yka ishu rc isgq jrekao
tod f fy<fu Wm; ,nd" f fy<fu j;a " fuys u
h mrf,dj .sh wfma u uq;a;kah' wfmau w;S; {d;s
j.hdh'
f yeu flfkl=f.au k . i|yka jkafka;a ta k .
,she we;af;a;a w;S; fy,fu ,shq ft;sydisl ;%smsgl .%ka:
j, yd mjxYh" uydjxYh jeks fy<fu ,shq b;sydi jxY
l:d fmd;aj,uh' tod f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia judkju
jev is iufha b;du;au hqKq k.r yd . jYfhka i|yka
jk rc.y kqjr" ieje;a kqjr" fldiUE kqjr" lsUq,aj;a mqrh"
Yd,d uy kqjr" nrKeia kqjr wd ish k . i|yka
jkafkao ;s%msgl idys;Hfhau muKlauh' ta ,xldfu ,shQ
;s%msgl fmd;aj,uh'
;s%msglh f,iska f,aLk .; l< ishu .%ka:hka
uq,ajrgu ,shd f,aLk .; lr we;af;a f fy<fu wf,k
k ia:dkhlh' ;s%msgl .%ka: j, fyda m jxYfha fyda
uydjxYfha fyda i|yka jk mqoa.,hskaf.a" rcqkaf.a"
isgqjrekaf.a fyda k.rhkaf.a fyda .j, fyda k .
bkahdf - uyd Ndr;fha - ,shq lsisu iuld,Skj fyda
wdikak ld,Skj fyda ,shq .%ka:hl fmd;l m;l ,sh,a,l fyda
i|yka fkdjkakd fiau fjk;a lsisu wdldrhlska fyda wikakg
- 08 -
fyda oel .kakg fyda ,efnkafka o ke;' tjka m%isoaO mqoa.,hska

ta rf tjlg jdih lf<a k msg rgl fmd;aj, tajd
,shefjkakg fmr tA bkah fmd;a m;a j, tajd ,shd igyka lr
;nkakg yelshdj ;s' nqoaO ld,fha yd Bg iuld,Skj
bkahdf ,shq fndfyda mqrdK .%ka:" fo .%ka: yd rdudhkh
wd fjk;a fmd;a m;a wo mjd bkahdf olakg we;'
bkahdf ,shq f lsisu fmd;l m;l ,she,a,l ;s%msglfha
i|yka jk f lsisu kula" .ula k.rhla i|yka ke;'
oekg jir 2000 lg;a jvd w;S;fha ,shd ;enq ;s%msglfha
i|yka jk ishu ia:dk yd k.r kdu" mqoa., kdu wdfha
f;dr;=re f fy ld,hla ;siafia lka lg jk
fmd;a lrf.k" mrmrdfjka mrmrdjg /lf.k"
mj;ajdf.k wd foaj,ah' f;dr;=reh' Ouhh'
f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia W;= nqoaO Ouh foaYkd
lf,a bkahdf hehs hful= m%ldY lrkafka k tod
bkahdf j;a jQ NslaIqka jykafia,d msila .ek fyda fjd
jk fmd;a lrf.k" lgmdv lrf.k mrmrdfjka
mrmrdjg" /lf.k wd msila .ek fyda i|yka h hq;=h'
kuq;a bkahdf tjeks b;sydihla mej;s nj fyda lsisu
flfkl= fyda lsisu NslaIqjla fyda fujka Ouhla .ek fyda oek
isnjla ms<sn|j tjlg widj;a fkd;s' fYaIfhkau
i|yka l<hq;= ldrKh jkafka" wfYdal rdc hq.hg fmr
Ndr;fha ldf kfhka tyd W;=f" tk" W;=re bkahdf
iQ lsisu fn!oaO NslaIqjla .ek fyda u`.M, ,enQ flfkla .ek
fyda lsis ;ekl i|yka fkduh' wfYdal rc;=udg;a m<uq
- 09 -
jrgu fn!oaO NslaIqjlf.a oYkh oel.kakg ,enqfKa ld,sx.

hqoaOfhka miqj ldf kfhka ol=Kq bkah m%foaYfhah'
fy<f oy bf.kf.k u`.M, ,enQ fn!oaO NslaIqka
jykafia,d wfYdal hq.h jk g ^ldf kosfhka fumsg& ol=Kq
bkahdf k iqy'
f,d;=rd nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ ishu nqjrhska
jykafia,d Wm; ,enQ" nqoaO;ajhg m;a jq" f fy<f i;Hhu
jQ b;sydi l:dj mD;.ack b;sydi{fhl=g" oHd{fhl=g"
mqrdoHd{fhl=g fyda fjk;a mD:.ack meoafol=g fyda"
Tyqf.a W.;alu wkqj" oekqu wkqj" wjfndaOh wkqj
wkqudkfhka j;a is;d .; fkdyels ;r .dNSrh' YsIagh'
f,dj my< jQ ishu nqjrhska jykafia,d;a wry;=ka
jykafia,d;a mfia nqjrhska jykafia,d;a muKla fkdj ishu
pl%j;S rcjrekao Wm; ,nkafka;a" j;a jkafka;a
f,dalfhkau W;= rg jQ f fy, osjhsfka oSuh' f fy<f
w;S; b;sydifhka wo jk g j;auka f,dalhd fidhd oekf.k"
wid oekf.k we;af;a b;du;au iq fldgila mu' f,dalhdg
;ju;a fidhd oek .kakg fkdyels jQ" ld,fha je,s;,dfjka
hgm;a jQ" f fy<f N+;sh jpkfhka lshd" fmd;l m;l
,shd ksu l< fkdyels ;r Ya; tlls' oSmxlr nqoaO ld,h
f;lau w;S;hg osjhkakls'
;s%msgl fmd;aj, ,she we;af;a f fy<fu tla;rd
w;S; hq.hl kshu ksjer b;sydihhs' wog;a wfmau hehs lshd
fmkajd h yels fyd|u ksjeru f,aLk .; ,s; ft;sydisl
idlaIs igyka jkafka ;s%msgl fmd;a fmf<ysh' jir 2000 lg;a
jvd mer w;S; hq.hl f rfu mqiafld< fmd;aj, ,shd
;snq iQ;% Ou oyy;a oyilg;a je m%udKhl=;a" cd;l l:d
mkaish mkylskq;a lshd mdk ishu f;dr;=re ishhg ishhlau
- 10 -
f fy<jg inkaO jQ wfmau b;sydihg inkaO jQ" wod< jQ"

,s; idlaIs nj fuys iy;sl lr fmkajd m%ldY lr is'
f tlo fmd;la fyda f,aLkhla fyda bkahdf fyda Ndr;
foaYfha fyda ,shq tajd fkdf' f wkqj f ;r jeo.;a f,iska"
i;H jYfhkau iy;sl lr fmkajd h yels" b;sydihla f,dj
fjk;a lsisu lsis rglg Wreu ke;' wfmau uq;=ka ;a;ka
W.;=ka" u`. M, ,dNSka OuOrhska tod fufia ,shd ;enq wfmau
f b;sydih msgrglg mdjd " fjk;a rgl b;sydihla f,iska
ir,ju neyer lrkakg fyda hgm;a lr oukakg fyda lsisu
idOdrK fya;=jla bm;a lrkakg fyda lsis c.f;l=g
fkdyelsh'
f wdldrfhka kej; u;=lr fmkajd fokq ,nk" m%ldY
lr iy;sl lrkq ,nk" i;Hhka ms<sn|j h lsis wdldrhl
fyda iel ixldjla Tng;a we;ak fuys ud wid igyka lr
;nk m%Yak lsysmhlgo Tnu l,amkd lr uYkd;aulj yd
uOHia:j ms<s;=re fidhd oek imhdf.k f m%ldYkfha we;a;
ke;a; fyd|ska fidhd n,k f,iska ldrelj uu Tng
wdrdOkd lr is' Tn fy<fhl= f,iska is;kakg mqre jkak'
wfmau b;sydih hgm;a lr oukakg ;r wOu fkdjkak' oSk
fkdjkak'
' f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia iska ud. niska foaYkd
lrk ,o nqoaO Ouh ;s%msgl fmd;a f,iska yd cd;l
l:d f,iska jir 2100 lg fmr hq.hloS f,aLk .; lr
,shd ;nk ,oafoa l=uk rglo@ - f fy,foS h'
' f ;s%msgl Ouh yd cd;l fmd;a jir 2100lg muK
fmr ,shd ;nkakg Nd;d lrk ,o fy< wlaIr ^wl=re&
tod fudk rf Nd;d jQ wl=reo@ - fy,u tod Nd;d
l< merKs fy, wl=reh'
- 11 -
' ud. niska foaYkd lrk ,o nqoaO Ouh fma<s f,iska -

fm< oyu f,iska - fm< .iajd lg mdv lrf.k
mrmrdfjka mrmrdjg jir 450la muK os.= ld,hla
;siafia mj;ajdf.k wdf l=uk rgl NslaIq mrmqrlao@
fy,u iQ fy, NslaLq mrmqr isks'
' fy<f msys wf,fka ls%'mQ' 76 jk jIfha f
nqoaO NdIs;h ,shd ;eug iyNd.sjQ NslaIqka jykafia,d
mefha fldys isgo@ tu Ou ix.dhkdj meje;aug
iyNd.S jQ ishu NslaIqka jykafia,d fy<osj O
m%foaYj,ska jevu l< nj Tn okakjdo@
' ksjka olskakg Wmldr jk W;= nqoaO Ouh yd
weoys,a,la f,iska wo woyk nqoaOd.u hk foflka
l=uk fldgig ;s%msglfha ,shd igyka lr we;s foa wh;a
jkafkao@ ;%smsgl .%ka:j, i|yka jkafka mp
iuqmamdo Ouh i weoys,s .ek fkdf'
' tod f.!;u nqka Wmka ckanqoamfha ,laI ixLHd;
wry;=ka jykafia,d tys ydr wdrduj, jev is nj
;s%msglfhau i|ykaj we;' bkahdf ldf kfhka
W;=f msys lsishu m%foaYhl lsisu wry;=ka jykafia
flfkl=ka j;aj is njla fyda ta .ek i|ykla fyda
fudkhu b;sydi fmd;l fyda ,sh,a,l fyda igykaj
ke;af;a wehs@ tjka u.M, ,dNSka tys fkdjq fyhsks'
f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia tod Y=oaO ud. niska
f,dalhdg foaYkd lrk ,o W;= nqoaO Ouh fma<s jYfhka
fm< .iajd lg mdv lrf.k" jkfmd;a lrf.k" .=re YsIHh
mrmrdfjka mrmrdjg jir ydrish ismyla muK ls%'mQ 543
isg ls%'mQ 76 olajdu lka lg mj;ajd f.k tk ,oafoa wfmau
fy<u fYaIfhkau foaj fy<fha jdih l< NslaIqka
- 12 -
jykafia,d iskauh' tod wf,fkaoS meje;a jQ Ou

ix.dhkdjg jevujd jod< NslaIqka jykafia,d tod tys
mefha reyqfKa ;siaiuydrduh" is;=,amj" ynqre.,"
nq.," l=iskdrd kqjr" l=.," rc.," >jdmsh fukau
reyqfka inr.uq m<df;a yd kef`.kysr m<df;a wdr[a[
fiakdik j,skah' oUq,af,a tfr.," msrx.," rx.s., yd
;j;a lsysm ia:dkhlskao mehy' bkahdf isg fyda
Ndr;fha isg fyda me lsisu flfkl= fuhg iyNd.S jQ njla
uyd jxYfha fyda mjxYfha fyda lsisu fmd;l m;l fyda
i|ykaj ke;' Bg fya;=j bkahdf is lsisu flfkl=g f
nqoaO Ouh" nqoaO NdIs; ;s%msglh .ek lsishu wjfndaOhla
fyda oekqula fkdjq ksihs' ys l=udrhdo tod bkahdf isg
foaj fy<fha rc.y kqjrg ^wmdrg& meK rc.y kqjr
msys fn!oaO oHdh;kfha isxy, NdIdj" ud. NdIdj yd
nqoaO Ouho bf.k f.k uyK u`.M, ,nd.;a nj;a b;du
msisju fuys fmkajd h hq;=h'
nq mshdKka jykafia foaj fy<fha fukau" hlaI
fy<fha h h ;ekaj,;a" kd. fy<fha h h ;eka j,;a
jir y;<sia myla mqrdu foaYkd lr jod< W;= nqoaO Ouh"
fma<s jYfhka fm< .iajd ilia lr f.k ix.dhkd lrka"
lgjyrg mqre lrf.k lka lg /l f.k mj;ajdf.k wd
is;la wfma f fy<f tod mgkau mej;sKs'
wmdf rc., kka wo k lr we;s fft;sydisl
ia:dkh tod u.O rf rc.ykqjr k h' u.O rf ud.
NdIdj fukau mer fy< NdIdjo tod Nd;d l< nj;a fmfka'
tod Yaj oHd,j, oHdia:dk j, Ys,am Ydia;% yeoEf
W.;=ka tod Y=oaO ud. NdIdj Nd;d l< w;r idudkH fmd
uyckhdf.a jHjydr NdIdj jqfha fy< nihs' wo;a fy< nig
- 13 -
b;du;au im NdIdj jkafkao ud. NdIdjhs' ta hq.h jk g

bkahdf Nd;d jQ NdIdjka ish,a,gu mdol jQfha;a uQ, NdIdj
jQfha;a ixialD; NdIdjhs' tod ol=Kq bkahdf Nd;d jq o<
ni mjd f ixialD; NdIdjkag jvd fjkia uq,dY%hlska mej;
wd NdIdjls'
f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafiaf.a mksjdKfhka miqj;a
wfma fy<u" fYaIfhkau foaj fy<fha j;a jQ" OuOr W.;a
h;a NslaIq mrmqr ksy~ju ;u mKfuka wdrlaId lrf.k"
jkfmd;a lrf.k lgmdv lrf.k mrmrd .;j
mj;ajdf.k wd f W;= ;s%msgl nqoaO Ouhg tod rdcH
wkq.%yhla mjd ,e ;snqfKao ke;'
ls%'mQj 76 jk jIfha foajfy<hg wh;a wf,k k
ia:dkhl ;s%msgl Ouh f,aLk .; l<;a Bg j,.nd rcq
uq,a ls%hd l< njlao fmfkkakg ke;' W;= nqoaO NdIs;h
/lf.k wd fy<j NslaIq mrmqfu uq,sl;ajfhka fuu
;s%msglh f,aLk .; lsuo is h' ta w;S; hq.fha" tk
wfYdal rdcH hq.hg;a jir 280 lg ;r fmr hq.fha
bkahdf f W;= nqoaO Ouh m%p,s;j mej;sfha k tod
bkah ck;dj ;=< f W;= Ou ixl,amkd ;rfhau uq,anei
.kakg bv ;s' tod bkah ck;dj ;=< fo wd. ixl,am"
ffck wd. ixl,am" Ysj wd foaj wd. ixl,amhka .ek i
f W;= nqoaO Ouh .ek lsisu oekqula fyda wjfndaOhla fyda
;snq njla fmfkkago ke;'
wfYdal wrdcHhdf.a rcH ld,h ;=< Tyq W;aidy
.;af;a nqoaO Oufha foaYkd lrk ,o h h hym;a j;a
ms<sfj;a" tl;= lrf.k tod bkahdf weoyq ysx" Ysj" fo yd
ffck wd wd. ixl,am j,g mxpiS, m%;smodjo we;=
lrf.k ldg;a idufhka yd iduodkfhka j;a jkakg
- 14 -
.e,fmk wdldrfha hym;a iudchla ksudKh lrkakg

Wmldr jk fha wd.ula bkahdf ksudKh lr.kakgh'
Ou rdcHhla ksudKh lrkakgh' bkahdf nqoaOd.u ys
jQfha ta wdldrfhkah' nqoaO Ouh yd wd.u hkq folls'
nqoaO Ouh hkq weoeys,a,la fkdf' foaYmd,kh yd
iu ieifokaklao fkdf' wdh ;=iaksN+; Ndjh nqoaO
Oufha uq,slu ,laIKhhs' ta ksidu wr[a[ .; "
relauq,aj,g " iq[a[d.dr .; jk.; Oudkq Ou
m%;smodfjys ksheKq flf<ia ;jk flf<ia ojkakgu W;aidy
ork nqoaO Y%djlhska msila u`.skau nqoaO Ouh wdrlaId fjhs'
Ouh /flhs'
wfYdal rdcH md,k ld,fha fukau Bg miqj wd hq.
j, o bkahdf n,j;a wrdcHhka jQ .=ma; wrdcH
hq.fha;a" l=Idka wrdcH hq.fha;a" bkahdf nqoaOd.u n,j;a
fiau m%p,s; h' kuq;a nqoaO Ouh k" ksjka olskakg Wmldr
jk whqka k m%p,s; jQ njla olskakg ke;' bkahdf .=ma;
md,k hq.h jk g;a ,xldf fy<f rc.," wmdf"
is;=,amf" >jdmsfha yd ud,s.d, fukau inr.uq m<df;a
r;akmqr yd lE.,a, jeks m%foaY j,o W;= ksu, nqoaO Ouh
Nd;fha mej;=Kq nj;a fmkajd h hq;=h' ta nqoaO Ouh tod
Nd;fha mej;=Kq njg fyd|u idOlh lE.,a, m%foaYfhka
ys jQ u,shfoaj uy wry;=ka jykafia ms<sn| l:d mqj;hs'
md,s NdIdj yd md,s hk jpkh .eko fuys hula ,shd
;eh hq;=h' tod fy<mfha isxy, wl=frka ,shd ;enq f.!;u
nqmshdKka yd nqoaO Y%djlhska jykafia,d iska ud. niska
foaYkd l< nqoaO Ouh lgmdvfuka mdv lrf.k lka lg
mj;ajdf.k taf myiqj yd wjYH;djh i|yd Ouh fm<
- 15 -
.iajd" fma<s f,iska ilia lr .kakd ,' fufia fm< .iajd ;snq
ksid;a" fma<s jYfhka ilid lgmdv lr.kakg yels jQ ksid;a
f ud. niska foaYkd lrk ,o nqoaO NdIs;h miqj fm<" fm<
oyu hk k j,skao m%isoaO h' fm< oyug;a mdol jqfha w;S;
isxy, jHdlrK yd NdId ;Skauh' ta wm wo Nd;d lrk
klrKh l< fy< NdId ;s fkdj ys yshka jev is
hq.hg;a fmr hq.fha f fy<j Nd;d jQ merKs fy< nfiys
jHdlrK yd kS;s ;Sh' miq lf,l f ud. NdIdju md,s
NdIdj f,is k a wkq r dOmq r hq . fha " wkq r dOmq r fha ;a "
fmd<dkakre hq.fha;a" O wdldrfhka fmd;a m;a j,o
,shkakg;a NdIdjla f,iska Wmfhda.S lr .kakg;a mqre jQ nj
fmfka' ;s%msglh f,aLk .; lrkakg fmr hq.fha md,s kka
NdIdjla f,dalfha fkdh' Bg miqj wd hq.fha nqoaO Ouhg
wod< lreKq fukau fy<j b;sydihg wod< h h
ft;sydisl ldrKdo ,shqf md,s ûd.& kue;s NdIdfjks' fuu
md,s k NdIdj ,su wdrN jqfha ,xldfh' hqKq jqfha;a ,sms
f,aLk ,shqf;a ,xldfh' miq ld,hl tk ;=kajk yd
wgjk ishjia w;r ld,hl bkahdf W.;a;= o fy<j
rc.ykqjrg ^wo wmdf rc.,g& meK md,s ni yodrd fy<
ni yodrd nqoaO Ouhg wod< fndfyda foa bf.k .;ay' miq
ld,hl f fm< oyug wod< fndfyda foa ixialD; wd bkah
NdId j,go mj;kh lrkakgo mgka.;ay'
f wkqj 5 jk ishji muK jk g bkahdf wcka;d"
fj,af,dard" k.cqkfldxv" u:qrd" .kaOdr wd m%foaY j,;a
md,s NdId W.;a;= ys ishy' Yaj oHd, j, yd oHdh;k
j,;a fn!oaOd.u b.ekajqfha md,s NdIdfjkauh' yshqx idka"
mdyshka jeks k ixpdrlhska bkahdjg yd ,xldjg tk
wjfha;a md,s W.;=ka ,xldf fukau bkahdfo is nj
- 16 -
Tjqkao i|yka lrkafka f wkqjh' f wkqj md,s NdIdj hkq

ljodj;a" ksiqkaf.a fmd jHjydrhg m;a jQ jHjydr NdIdjla
fkdj" ,xldf nqoaO Ouh ,shkakg Nd;d l< ksudKh
lr.;a NdIdjls' tys moje,a ud. moje,ah' ,xldf ,shq
md,s jpk isxy, wl=frka ,shQ w;r ta ta rgj, md,s jpk
,shqf ta ta rf wr j,sks' miq l,l bx.s%is wlaIr j,skao"
md,s NdIdju ,shk ,' f yeu ;eklu ,shd we;af;a tod
fy<f wdrN l< ud. jpk ,suh' ud. mo je,ah'
Y=oaO ud. NdIdj hkq ishu NdIdjkag fmd" uq,a jQ
NdIdjhs' fy< ni ilia jqfhao uq,a Y=oaO ud. NdIdfjkauh'
ishu nqjrhska jykafia,d iska W;= nqoaO Ouh foaYkd
lrkq ,nkafkao Y=oaO ud. NdIdfjkauh' thg fya;=j ud.
NdIdj mkduhg m;ajk ldYkhg m;ajk ld,fhka
ld,hg w:h Ouh fjkia jk jHjydl NdIdjla fkdjk
ksihs' tod Nd;d l< ud. jpk" moje,a wog;a tfiau
j,x.=j mj;S' jHjydl NdId ish,a,u ld,hdf.a wjEfuka
jHjydrfhkau ldYkh mkduhg m;a fjkia fjhs' wm
okakd uE; hq.fhau ls%'jI 1900 -1950 jeks hq.fha Nd;d l<
isxy, NdIdj wo rf Nd;fha ke;' wo th O wdldrfha
fjkia j,g Ndckh we;' kuq;a ud. NdIdj tfia fjkia
fkdjk NdIdjls' tod f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia foaYkd lf<a
Bg jir 7000 lg fmr ldYHm nq mshdKka jykafia foaYkd
l< ud. moje,a j,skauh' wo wms lshjkafkao ta w;S; ud.
moje,auh' tajd Nd;fhka fjkia fkdf' wksla w;g Y=oaO
ud. moje,a j,g" nqoaO NdIs;fha foaYkd lr jod< Y=oaO
moje,a j,g w: Ou ksrela;s yd mNdk hk isjqms<sishd
.%yhka bm;a l< yelsh' Y=oaO ud. moje,a j,g i
fjk;a lsisu jHjydr NdIdjl jpk j,g fujeks w:
- 17 -
kdkd;ajhla Ou kdkd;ajhla ksrela;s kdk;ajhla fyda

mixNsod kdk;ajh bm;a lrka w:h Ouh .%y l<
fkdyelsh' ta ksid Y=oaO ud. NdIdj wksla ishu NdIdj,g
jvd fjkia wdldrfha W;= NdIdjls'
ud. mo j,ska ish nqjrhska jykafia,d foaYkd lr
jodrKq ,nk nqoaO Ouh ksjka olskakg Wmldr jk
wdldrfhka f;are .kakg k tys wvx.= w:hka" Ouhka"
ksrela;Ska yd mixNsod kdkd;ajho f;are .;hq;=h' momru
f,iskau ud. moje,a j,g w: olajkakg mgka.;a miqj wo
ksjka olskakg Wmldr jk f,daflda;a;r Ouh bka .%y
jkafkao ke;' miq.sh jir oyilg;a je ld,hla ;=<u f
ud. moje,a md,s NdIdj f,iska momru w:fhka momru
f,iskau Nd;d h' ksjka olskakg Wmldr jk f,iska ud.
moj,g w: Ou ksrela;s mixNsod oekqula u;= lr .kakgo
wfmdfydi;a h' ksjka olskakg Wmldr jkafka w:" Ou"
ksrela;s" mixNsod .%yhla iys; jQ ud. moje,a f;are
.ekSuuh' ud. NdIdj hkq wreu mqu w:" Ou" ksrela;s yd
mixNsod .%yhla ,nd fok mrud: Ou m%ldYk udOHhla
nj f;are .; yelafla OudjfndaOh ,nd .;a u`.M, ,nd.;a
flfkl=guh' mD;.ack mqoa.,fhl=g f Ou w:hka f;are
.; fkdyelsh'
- 18 -
2' wgqjd" ld" mamks yd iu;
tod f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia iska ud. moje,a

j,ska foaYkd lrk ,o .NSr nqoaO Ouh ta hq.fha j;a jQ wiq
uy Y%djlhska jykafia,d w;ka lsysm kula iska fy< w:
l:d f,iska fy< nia jyka w: Ou .%y lr f,aLk .;
lrk ,os' fufia nqoaO NdIs;h w: l:d hk kka ^wgqjd&
isxy, ck;djg f;are .kakg yels jk m ,shd ;nkakg
mgka .;af;a f.!;u nqka judkj jev is ta w;S;
hq.fhauh' tod ,shQ uq,au fy< wG l:djka f,iskau Nd;fha
mej;s" rc., ,shQ nq le,s wgqjdj" fy< wG l:d" uyd wG
l:d" wG l:d" l=reka wG l:d hkqfjkao k lr wgqjd
rdYshlau tod Nd;fha mej;s nj wfma w;S; fy< fmd;aj,
i|yka we;' f wG l:d ,shk ,oafoa w.ijQ iehq;a
wry;=ka jykafia" uyd lpdhk wry;=ka jykafia" uyd
fldg; wry;=ka jykafia wd tod nqoaO ld,hg iuld,Skju
f fy<f rc.ykqjr ^wmdf rc.,& jevis uyd m%d{
nqoaO Y%djlhska jykafia,d iskah' fuu fy< wgqjd j, ksjka
olskakg Wmldr jk kshu ksjer nqoaO Ouh fy< niska
.%ylr isxy, ksiqkag ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg Wmldr jk
wdldrhgu ir, f,iska o imQKjo ,shd ;sKs'
nqoaO mksjdKfhka miqjo reyqfKa fukau kef`.kysr
rc., yd >jdmsfha;a" ieje;akqjr f;jkdrdufha;a ,shd
;ekam;a lr ;snq fuu isxy, w: l:d fmd;a" gq .euqKq rdcH"
hq.fha wkqrdOmqr uyd ydrh lrd f.kjq;a tys ;ekam;a lr
;snq njo uydjxYfha i|ykah' ys yshka wmdf rc.,
^rc.ykqjr& isg wkqrdOmqrhg nqoaOd.u f.k wd uq,au .ukg
- 19 -
miqj wkqrdOmqrhg me fojk .ufka rc., ,shd ;snq

isxy, w: l:djla ^wgqjd& jk nq le,s wgqjdjo ys
yshkau wkqrdOmqrhg f.kd nj;a uydjxYfha i|yka lr
we;' reyqfKa" kefkysr yd rf fjk;a m<d;a j, fn!oaO
uOHia:dk j, mqia;ld, j, ,shd ;ekam;a lr ;snq fy< wgqjd
yd fjk;a jkd fy< fmd;a m;a Yd, m%udKhla fufia jka
jr wkqrdOmqrhg f.k;a wkqrdOmqr uyd ydrfha ;ekam;a
lr ;s' nq'jI 984 ,xldjg me nqoaOf>daI yshka md,s
NdIdjg mj;kh lf<a o fufia wkqrdOmqr uydydrfha
;ekam;a lr ;snq fy< niska ,shd ;snq wgqjd fmd;a j,ska iuyr
fldgils'
fuu md,s mj;kfha is jqfha uq,skau wdhhka
jykafia,d iska ,shQ isxy, w: l:dj, .e ;snq ksu,
W;= nqoaO Ouh f,!lsl foaj wd. ixl,am j,g yeruhs'
mD:.ack f,dalhdg .e,fmk fia ilia lr ,suhs' f wkqj
fuf;la isxy, W.;a whg isxy,fhka .%y lr ;snq isxy,
ksiqkag f;are .; yelsj ;snQ" fy< w: l:d foaj wd.
ixl,am iu.ska iY%Kh lr fYaIfhkau tjlg bkahdf
m%p,s;j ;snq m;xc,S foaj wd. ixl,am j,g .e,fmk whqka
ilid md,s NdIfjka ,shd ;euhs' Y=oa ud.h we;= fmd;a
17 lau ,shd ;enq nqoaOf>daI yshka wjidkfha wkqrmqr uyd
ydr mqia;ld,fha ;ekam;a lr ;snq we;=ka y;a fofkl=f.a nrg
iudk jQ isxy, fmd;a m;a ish,a,u .sksn;a lrk wdldrhg
Wml%u fhdod lghq;= ilia lr rka msg .sh njo
b;sydifhau i|ykaj we;'
kuq;a nqoaOf>daI yshka iska mj;kh lr ,shq
Y=oa ud.h we;= w: l:d fmd;a wNh.sfha wdrlaId
iys;j /lS mej;sKs' uyd ydrfha mqia;ld,fha .nvd lr ;snq
- 20 -
fy< wgqjd fmd;am;a ish,a, kdY .sh miq" uyd ydrho

ug iu;,d lr W jmqrkakg;a ls%hd l< miqj" nqoaOd.u
f,iska f ,laj ;=, b;s jqfha nq f.dia yshka iska ,shq md,s
wgqjd fmd;a mu' bka miqj wkqrmqr hq.fha;a fmdf<dkakre
hq.fha;a O wgqjd ,shq" yd tajdgu ld ,shq mamKs ,shq"
iu; ,shq md,s yd isxy, w: l:dlrejka yeu flfkl=u
jdf.a Nd;d lf<a" .=refldg .;af;a" nqoaOf>daI yshka iska
f,!lsl w: fhdod jer f,iska mj;kh lr ,shd bm;a
lrk ,o md,s Y=oa ud.h we;= fmd;a m;a i kshu ksjer
nqoaO Ouh k fkdf' f wkqj fmdf<dkakre hq.h jk g
imQKfhkau msis nqoaO Ouh fjkia ksjka oelSu hkq
me;Sulg muKlau iSud bkahdf tod mej;s wd.
ixl,amhka fy<j mqrdu;a ;kau me;s hkakg h' ksjka
olskakg Wmldr jQ W;= nqoaO Ouh iyuq,skau wd. ixl,am
j,ska hgm;a wNdjhgu .sfhah' nqoaOd.u kka woykakg
hula muKla b;s h' f wkqj bkah wd. ixl,am j, yd
foaj wd. j, weoyq weoys,s mqo mQcd" .dhkd" Ydka;s lu"
wdYsjdo mQcd wd O foa fmd ,dxlsl uyckhd w;fo
m%p,s; jkakg mgka .;af;a uyd ydrfha .nvd lr ;snq fy<
fmd;a m;a .sksn;a lr kdY lsu;a iu.uh' wNh.s ydrfha
jdih l< uydhdkslfhda ;r.h ch .;ay' uyd ydlfhda
iyuq,skau kdY .shy' ksjka olsk msis nqoaO Ouh;a fy<
niska ir< f,iska ,shd ;snq fy< wgqjd;a kdY f.dia foaj
wd. ixl,am j,g nr wdi mQcd iys; jQ nqoaOd.ula muKla
fy<u ,xld jdiSkago" b;s h' Wreu h' ksjka olsk
msis W;= nqoaO Ouh wkq.ukh lrk msi jk.; h' foaj
wd.l ixl,am weoyQ wNh.shg inkaO uydhdksl msi
rcud,s.d jgd frdla h' rc iem isgq iem j,g;a jvd iem
- 21 -
myiq l ,enQ ;hla .; lrk NslaIqka msila tod wkqrmqr

rdcOdksfha ,xldfo ys h' fmdf<dkakre hq.h jk g f
;;a;ajh ;j ;j;a oreKq ;;ajhg m;a h' nqoaOd.u
iyuq,skau f,!lsl foaj wd. ixl,am j,g hg W;= nqoaO
Ouh l%udkql+,j wNdjhgu .sh nj;a b;du meye,sh'
mqcdj,sh" lisK" nq;airK jeks fn!oaO idys;Hh fmd;a
m;a ,shejQfKao f hq.fhah' tjeks fmd;a m;a fn!oaO idys;H
b;sydifha k iajKuh hq.fha ,shq fmd;am;ah' fn!oaO
idys;Hh" fn!oaO ixialD;sh fn!oaO ld,dYs,am wdh f
hq.fha b;du;au hqKq ;;a;ajhg m;ah' fuys ksh; m%;sM,h
jqfha wd. ixl,am j,g uq,a;ek ksjka oelSu hkak
m%d:kdjla muKla njg m;auhs' W;= nqoaO Ouh hgm;a
weoys,s mqomQcd j,g uq,a ;ekuhs' bkamiqj wd hq.hkays ;j
;j;a ;;a;ajh msyS uykqjr hq.fha nqoaO Ouh
imqKfhkau ke;s wNdjhgu .sh njo fmkajd h hq;=h'
3' wkqrmqr rdcOdksh wdrN ug fmr

fy<f mej;s N+;sh
wkqrdOmqr rdcOdks hq.fha O wjia:dj,;a" Bg fmr

m%d.a ch hq.fha foaj fy<fha mej;s b;du hqKq rdcHh
hq.hka j,;a" reyqfKa iy kef.kysr m%foaYj, mej;s hqKq
rdcOdks j,;a" fy< niska yd ud. niska ,shd tf;la
/lf.k ;snq fndfyda jkd fmd;a m;a yd ,sms f,aLk f rf
w;S;fha iQ W.;=ka yd h;=ka w;f mYS,kh h' tjeks
fmd;a m;a tod fy<j fmd;a.=,a j,o .nvd lr ;sKs' f
fmd;a m;a ish,a,u jdf.a rgg t,a,jQ O foaYmd,ksl yd
- 22 -
ixialD;sl wdl%uK j, lsysm wjia:djlu .sksn;a lr

kdYlr oeuQ njo wfma b;sydihu fmkajd fohs'
uq,au iqr - wiqr hqoaOfha;a" rdu rdjK hqoaOfha;a"
chf.a wdl%uK j,;a" fujeks Yd, kdYhka is h' ud>
yd mKavj fid,S wdl%uK j,;a bka miqj ol=Kq bkahdfjka
t,a, jQ O wdl%uK j,;a wfma rf ,shd m< lrk ,o jkd
fmd;a m;a kdY .sfhah' uydhdksl ySkhdksl u;fNao ksid;a
jkd fmd;a m;a fndfyduhla kdY h'
,xldmqrhg - wkqrdOmqrhg - tod fy<j w. k.rh
f.k hkakg fmr fuu fy<f b;du;au hqKq k.r yd .
msysgd ;snqfKa kef`.kysr fjr< ;Srfha" reyqfKa iy rg ueo
m%foaY j,h' rc.y kqjr w.kqjr fldg.;a u.O rdcHho ^wo
wmdf rc.,& Yd,d uykqjr w.kqjr fldg.;a ,sp
rdcHho ^wo hd, wNh N+hg hg jQ m%foaYh& lE.,a," r;akmqr
fukau uykqjr m%foaYhka wh;a jQ rdjKd rc mrmqrg wh;a
rdcOdksho" liS rg jrkdiS kqjr msys rdcOdksho ^wo
jkshdj uq,;sjq m%foaYh& ieje;a kqjr w. k.rh fldg.;a
fldai, rdcOdksho ^wo ., m%foaYh& tod fy<j n,j;au
rdcHhka h' lsUq,aj;a kqjr w. k.rh fldg.;a YdlH
rdcOdksh msysfhao wo uyje,s .g ol=fKa msys Uq,d.,
m%foaYfhah' fujka jQ hqKq b;sydihla iyuq,skau jeiS hgm;a
jkakg fya;= N+; jQ uQ,sl lreKqo wm fidhd ne,sh hq;=h'
,xld b;sydih hehs wo wm iu;fhka bf.k .kakd"
ms<s.;a b;sydih f,iska fmd;aj, ,shd ;enQ" wm okakd jQ ,xld
b;sydih ksudKh lr" wmg Wreu lr ,shd fok ,oafoa bx.s%is
iq md,l uy;ajreka iskah' bkahdf fukau ,xldfo tod
md,kh Ndrj is iuyr iq is,a ks<Od uy;ajre ,xld
- 23 -
b;sydih ,sf ldhfhyso fhKdy' lE.,af,a iyldr

idm;s OQrh oerE fcda gk iy fia ms%kaiia" iafg%daka.a"
ia fvia" fukau fYaIfhkau fldx.agka yd t'iS'mS' fn,a
jeks iq is,a ks<Od uy;ajre Tjqkag f;are .kakg yels jQ
m" fmd;m;ska lshjd Tjqka ,enQ w,am oekqu wkqj ,xld
b;sydihla ,shd wgjd" wuqKd ksudKh lr wmg ndr kay'
miqj me isxy, W.;=kao uydpdhjrekao ngysr u;hkagu
.re l< ksid bx.s%iSka iska ksudKh lr ka b;sydih foi
uYkd;aulj nef ke;' hful= tfia uey;aj
uYkd;aulj n,d h mfhaIKd;aul iajdk u;hla
bm;a lf<a k" tjka u;j,g reoaO ug k Tjqka j.n,d
.;ay' iq uy;ajreka fmkajd ka u;h /l .ekSu;a Bg reoaO
u; j,g" reoaO u;a wfma b;sydi{hskaf.a yd mqrd
oHd{hskaf.a rdcldh h' wog;a th tfiau isfjhs'
ch rcqg fmr;a f fy<f b;du;au hqKq rdc
iuhka mej;sfhah hkak f W.;=kag ms<s.kakg fkdj
is;d.kakg j;a ne ;r wNjH u;hka fia neyer lsu Tjqka
mqreoaola fldg .;a nj k b;du meye,sh' wfika wyqnq
uy;d" iQh .=Kfialr uy;d fukau uydpdh mrK;dk
uy;do ;j;a fndfyda who jka jr fujeks uYkd;aul u;
m< l<;a wfmau W.;a;= tajdg reoaOj rdcH n,h yd wd.f
n,ho fhdodf.k ta ueoy;a u; hgm;a lr oukakg ;r
ieyeis jQy' i;Hh fidhkakg k lsisfjl=j;au wjxlu
W;aidyhla k .;af;au ke;' ta iudc iu; n,f. j,g"
,dN m%fhdack j,g hg;a u ksidh' i;Hh t<solajkakg
hful= W;aidy ork yeu wjia:djlu tjeks kj u; orkakkaj
ksoh f,iska fpkh lr i;Hh hgm;a lrkakg k fndfyda
wh bm;a jQy' wo;a rf tjeks wh k nyq,h'
- 24 -
ksjer f,iu k jljdkq bm;a lrkakg ne jqK;a"

wkqrmqr rdcOdksfha uq,au hq.fha" gq.euqKq uy rc;=udf.a
rcH ld,hg miqj uydjxYh k fy< niska ,shQ wfmau fy<
b;sydi fmd;la isxy, .;a l;=jrfhl= iska fy< niska ,shd
m< lrkq ,en ;snqKs' fuh b;sydi f;dr;=re o wvx.= m%Yia;s
rpkdjls' tod rcl l< isxy, rcjrekaf.a ls%hdldrl yd
yelshdjka m%Yia;s f,iska jKkd lsu f fy< uyd jxYfhka
tod is ;sf' kuq;a fuh miq lf,l jkd b;sydi fmd;la
njgo m;ah'
f fy< niska ,shq uydjxYh ,sfuka jir 300 lg
muK miqj ld,hl wo wmg uydjxYh kka lshjkakg we;s
md,s niska ,shq md,s uydjxYh ,shd t<s oelah' uq,ska fy<
niska ,shd ;snq uydjxYh wdY%fhkau md,s niska ,shq fmd;la jk
f md,s uydjxYh rpkd l< uydkdu yshkaf.a fm!oa.,sl
u;hkao md,s uyjxYhg we;=<;a lr we;' uydkdu yshkaf.a
is;a.;a rcjreka ms<sn|j > f,iska jKkd lr we;s w;r
iuyr rcjreka ms<sn|j .d:d lsysmhlska hdka;ug muKla
i|yka lr we;'
m jxYh kkao fy< b;sydi fmd;la md,s niskau ,shd
;snqKq w;r wog;a wmg f mjxYho ^md,s& mYS,kh
lrkakg;a b;s we;' f m jxYho ,shd we;af;a uq,au
isxy, ^fy<& uydjxYh ,shqjdg miq hq.fhah' kuq;a md,s
uydjxYh ,shkakg k fmr hq.hlh' m jxYh ,shQ
l;=jrhdo uq,au isxy, ^fy<& uydjxYh lshjd tys woyia o
,nd f.k md,s m jxYh ,shd we;s njo fmfka'
wkqrdOmqr hq.hg miqj fmdf<dkakre hq.fha w. Nd.fha
fyda Bg;a miq ld,hl fyda ,shejqKq Od;= jxYh" :qm jxYh yd
- 25 -
fnda jxYh hehs ;j;a jxY l:d ;=klao wo wmg lshjd .kakg
b;s we;' kuq;a f fmd;a ,she we;af;a oUfo hq.fha nj
fndfyda wh Yajdi lr;s' isxy, uydjxYh ,shQ wd hq.fhau
,shQ ;j;a fy< jxY l:djla ms<sn|j f;dr;=re wid oek
.kakg we;;a wo f jeo.;a b;sydi fmd; wia:dk .; we;'
W;a;r jxYh kue;s f b;sydi fmd; u.ska wkqrdOmqr
b;sydih;a Bg fmr hq.kays mej;s fy< rdcOdkS .ek;a h h
f;dr;=re i|yka lr ;su ksid f b;sydi fmd; ys;du;du
wia:dk" .; lf<ao" kdY lr oeuqfo" hkak wmg ;ju;a
ys;d.; fkdyelsh' W;a;r jxYfha ,shd oelajqfha nqoaO Oufha
b;sydihhs' fYaIfhkau fuys w;S; fn!oaO b;sydih ,shd ;enq
ksid th W;a;r jxYh hk kkau yeka h' W;a;r jxYh
kue;s fy< fn!oaO b;sydih ,shd ;enQ fuu fmd; uykqjr
hq.h olajdu Nd;fha mej;s njg idOl rdcdj,sh k fmd;la
,shQ l;=jrhdo tys i|yka lrhs' rdcdj,sh ,shqf uykqjr
hq.fhah' iq uy;=ka ,shq b;sydihg jvd fjkia f;dr;=re
i|yka jQ ksid f W;a;r jxYh kue;s fmd; ys;d u;du
wia:dk .; lrkakg we; hk u;hla o wo mj;S'
flfia fj;;a wo wmg lshjkakg we;s wfma w;S; fy<
b;sydih wimQK jQ;a" me,eia;r oud wuqKd f.k ksudKh
lr.;a;d jq;a fy< b;sydi l:djls' fYaIfhkau gq.euqKq
uyd rc;=udg fmr ,xld b;sydih f whqka lD;s%uj
ksudKh lr.;a wkqudk f;dr;=re j,ska .yK we;' wfma
w;S; fy< b;sydifha mej;s iajKuh hq.hka ld,fha
je,s;,dfjka jeiS hgm;a f.dia ;snqK;a tajdfha kgUqka f
fy<u ;=< wog;a wmg fidhd.kakg b;sj we;s ksid
fy<u b;sydih iyuq,skau jid oud ksy~ h fkdyels h'
- 26 -
wo f fmd; ,shd m<lrkakg udi 15lg fmr tk

2009 fmdfidka udifha ud iskau ,shd t<s oela jQ fuys
m<uqjeks fmdf;a ^wm Wmka f fy<u nqka Wmka
ckanqoamhhs& fmkajd ka mru i;Hhka iy;sl lr
fmkajkakg Wmldr jQ fidhd.ekS rdYshla miq.sh udi 15l iq
ld,h ;=< f fy<fu O m%foaY j,ska O mqoa.,hska
iska u;=lr fidhd t<s olajd fmkajd fok ,'
fufia fidhd u;=lr.;a kgUqka yeu tllskau jdf.a
iy;sl lrkafka" fmkajd fokafka" nqka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ tod
mej;s fy<u ms<sn|j i;Hh f;dr;=reh' miq.sh udi 15l
muK iq ld,hla ;=< muKla wfmau mfhaIlhska iska
mqrdoHd{hska iska fyda fjk;a mqoa.,hska iska wyfnka fyda
fidhd u;=lr m%isoaO lrk ,o ft;sydisl f;dr;=re m%udKh
w;sYd,h' fufia fidhd .;a ishu foaj,a ch rdc iuhg;a
fmr" tk wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh mgka .kakg;a fmr w;S; rdcH
hq.hkag wh;a u fuys fYaIfhka i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKls'
f ishu mqrdoHd f;dr;=re f.!;u nqmshdKka Wmka"
nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ nqoaO hq.hg wh;a tajd fyda Bg fmr hq.hkag
wh;a tajdh' f ish,a,u Ou;djfhkau ksis l,g u;=
fy<f b;sydih ms<sn|j i;Hh fy<s lrkakg Wmldrl jk
m u;= jQ njo fmkajd h hq;=h' f ish,a, u;= jqfha
ckanqoamfhkauh'
1' 2009 fkdjen udifha muK ,xldfu
mqrdoHd{hska msila iska wkqrdOmqr k.rhg
wdikakfha lrk ,o lekS j,ska u;=lr.kakd ,o
mer Yd, k.rhl kgUqka ( fuys u;= lr.;a mqrd
jia;= ls%'mQ 600 muK ld,hg wh;a nj" tk nqka Wmka
- 27 -
hq.hg wh;a nj iy;sl lr we;' f.!;u nq mshdKka

jykafia ls%'mQ' 589 muK nqoaO;ajhg m;a m<uq Ou
foaYkdj mj;ajk ,oafoa f kgUqka fidhd.;a mer
k.rhg ;rula wdikakfha msys bism;kdrdufhah'
wo ueojh wi, msys biskaneiai., rc uyd ydr
N+h tod bism;kdrduh h' fufia fidhd.;a kgUqka
yd f;dr;=re foajdkmsh;siai rcqf.a md,k hq.hg;a
fmr" ch rcq ,xldjg mefKkakg;a fmr hq.hl
mej;s hqKq k.rhlg wh;a jk kgUqkah' ,xldmqrh
kka tod m%p,s; jQ wkqrdOmqr k.rh foajdkmsh;siai
rc iska f.dvke= nj uydjxYfha i|yka fj;;a f
me/ k.rhka .ek uydjxYfha i|yka fkdjkafka
wehs@ uydjxYh ,shk hq.h jk g f k.r j,g is
jqfha l=ulao@
2' uq,;sjq yd jkshdj ia;s%lal j,g wh;a uy>K
jkdka;r m%foaY j,ska ,xld hqo yuqodj iska uE;l
fidhd.;a w;s mer mQcd N+ .Kkdjlu kgUqka tod
mer liSrgg wh;a m%foaY j,ska yuq jq w;r tajd nqoaO
ld,hg wh;a fn!oaO isoaOia:dk njo oekg ykdf.k
we;' fjd ch rcq ,xldjg mefKkakg;a fmr
hq.hlg wh;a tajd ksid fy<u ms<sn|j b;sydih
w;ska h<s ,shkakgu u;= jQ idOlhkah'
3' we,smsh wdikakfha rxpduvu k ia:dkfhka
uE;l yuq jQ w;smer mqrdjia;= yd Yd, mer
k.rhl kgUqka( fuys yuq jQ mqrdjia;= wkqrdOmqr
rdcOdkshg jvd jir oyila ;r mer nj oeka ykd
f.k we;' f wkqj wkqrmqr rdcOdksh mgka .kakg;a
fmr reyqfKa yd ol=fKa oshqKq k.r yd . mej;s njg
- 28 -
fuho fyd|u idlaIshls' f.!;u nqmshdKka tod ls%'mQ'

543 msksjka md jodf<a f rxpuvu m%foaYhg ;rula
lsgqfjka msysgd we;s nq., l=iskdrdfh'
4' fiare, yd fidaudj;S mqo inkaO lrka w;ska
mdrla lmkakg .sh ,xld hqoaO yuqodjg 2009 w.
Nd.fha yuq jQ nq ism;=,a yd fjk;a mqrd jia;= ( f
m%foaYh tod YdlH rdcjxYh iska md,kh lrk ,o
lsUq,aj;a mqr rdcOdkshg wh;a m%foaYhkah' f nq
ism;=,a yd fjk;a kIagdjfYaI mer YdlH rdc
hq.hg wh;a tajdh'
5' jdlfrhs yd fjre.,a w;r kef`.kysr m%foaYfhka 2010
cqks udifhaoS muK yuq jQ wlalrhl muK Yd,
rcud,s.djl kgUqka ( wo b,kam;a;=j kkao tod
fldhdr kqjr kkao m%isoaO jQ f m%foaYh w;S;fha
wf;daok rcq iska md,kh lrk ,o YdlH jxYsl
rdcOdkshls' fuys yuq we;s ud,s.dj tod wf;daok
rcqf.a ud,s.dj h yelsh' wf;daok rcq iqoafOdaok
rcqf.a fidfydhqfrls' f m%foaY j, tod foaj fy<hg
wh;a hqKq rdcOdks mej;s njg fyd|u idlaIs fuhska
u;= fjhs' fldhdru hkq fldahla wdrdu ;snq
m%foaYhhs' nqmshdKka f.a Wmka .u jQ lms,jia;= mqrhg
tod wh;a jQ fldhdr kqjr ta ld,fha fn!oaO wdrdu
fldahla muK ;snq njg fuho idlaIshls' fldah hk
ud. mofha f;areu fl<jrla ke;s hk w:hhs'
6' 2010 cQ,s udifha oskl mqrdoHd fomd;fka;=j iska
mqj;am;a idlPdjla mj;ajd fy<u msys Yd,;u
mqrdoHd kgnqka iys; u ms<sn|j lrk ,o .%yhla (
- 29 -
wlalr 1600 lg;a je N+ m%foaYhla mqrd is me;sr

mj;sk f kgnqka tod f.!;u nq mshdKka iska ;u
uq,a ld,fha jevjdih lrk ,o rc.y kqjr kgnqkah'
wo f ia:dkh rc., kka ye|skajqj;a tod th
rc.y kqjr kka ;%smsglfha yd uydjxYfhao i|yka
lrk ,o merKs fn!oaO k.rhhs' f.!;u nqmshdkkag
idr rc;=ud iska w;meka j;afldg mqcd lrk ,o
fjkdrduh;a tA wdY%s; fn!oaO kgnqka iys; ia:dk
28l=;a rc.,ska oeka u;= we;' oekg mqrdoHd
fomd;fka;=j iska fuys wlalr oyhl muK iq
m%foaYhl lekS lr fidhd.;a mqrdjia;= m%udKh .ek
i,ld n,k g wlalr 1600 la jeks Yd, m%foaYhl
fudk ;r ;ju;a fidhd fkd.;a mqrdjia;= weoaoehs
;ju ldgj;au is;d.; fkdyelsh'
7' rc.y kqjrg - rc.,g - ol=fKka msys kE,a,
^wmdr& mqrd oHd kgnqka ( fuho rc.y kqjr mqcd
N+fhau fldgila nj fmkajd osh hq;=h' wo nqoaOx.,
mqrdjia;= we;af;ao kE,a, hk ia:dkhgu imfhah'
b;d wE; w;S; hq.hloS kE,a, hk ia:dkhg oS>jdmsh
hk ku jHjydr lrk ,o nj;a th uq,au oS>jdmsh nj;a
iuyrekaf.a u;hhs' uq os.du`vq,a, m%foaYhu tod nqka
jevis hq.fha b;du oshqKq ;;ajhl mej;=Kq u.O
rdcOdkshhs' u.O rdcOdkshg wh;a fn!oaO mqrdjia;=
wmdr m%foaYfhka oeka oeka Yd, jYfhkau u;=fjka
mj;S'
u.O rf rc.y kqjr hkq nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ f.!;u
nqmshdKka jykafia uq,a jir 25 la muKu ld,hla
jdih l< tod f,dal fn!oaO uOHia:dkhhs' nqmshdKka
- 30 -
j;a jQ iufha;a" wkqrdOmqrfha rdcOdkshla mej;s

iufha;a jir 800 la muKu oS> ld,hla mqrdjgu;a
fn!oaO f,dalhdf.a uq,au fn!oaO oHd ia:dkh jqfha f
rc., fjkdrduhhs' tod f,dalhd nqoaO Ouh
bf.k .;af;a rc.y kqjr kjQ f ia:dkfhaoSh'
8' f.!;u nqka msksjka md jod, nq., l=iskdrd kqjr
wdikakfha fldia,kao yd y,auq,a, l nEjq mduq,
2010 wf.daia;=foS yuq jQ bmerKs fidfydka fld;a
iuQyh yd tA wdY%s; kgnqka ( fjdo u,a,j rf
rcorejkag wh;a fidfydka fld;a fyda tA wdY%s; foaj,a
nj fmkajd osh yelsh'
tod foaj fy<h kka m%isoaO jQ nqka Wmka mh

ckanqoamh ;=<ska oeka oeka f wdldrfhka u;=jk mqrdoHd
kgnqka ms<sn|j wfma oaj;=ka g jvd ie,ls,af,ka lghq;= lr
fjd ms<sn|j ksjerosj yd uOHia: u; bosm;a lrkafka k
jvd;a hym;ah' bx.%siSka iska wmg Wreu lr ka jeros b;sydi
ks.uk j,ska neyer ksoyfia is;kakg;a oeka ld,h meK
we;'
1970 - 2006 olajd ld,h ;=< O ngysr rgj, O
mqrd oHd .fIlhska iska" mfhaIlhska iska" ,xldfoS yd
f,dalfha fjk;a merKs fft;sydisl f;dr;=re we;s rgj,oS;a
lrk ,o O mfhaIK j,ska fidhd.;a f;dr;=re ms<sn|jo
wm uis,su;a h hq;=h' f fy<u yd inkaO jQ wm u;hg
m;a lrjk fndfyda i;H f;dr;=re fuu wefulka yd cuka
mfhaIlhska iska fidhd u;=lr .kq ,enQjo Tjqka tAjd
m%isoahg m;a lf<a ke;' kuq;a f mfhaIlhska iskau f
- 31 -
inkaO jQ h h f;dr;=re O wjia:dj,oS fy<sor l<

wjia:djkao we;' fufia fidhd.;a fndfyda f;dr;=re wkqrdO
mqr hq.hg fmr fy<f w;S; rdcH hq.hlg wh;au tfia;a
ke;sk w;S; fy<ug ^l%s'mQ' 600-3000& ld,hg inkaO
uo wm iska i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKls' wfma w;S; fy<u
ms<sn|j fndfyda jeo.;a f;dr;=re wmg jvd Tjqka okakd nj
k i;Hhls'
4' nqoaO jkaokdj yd nq ms<su jkaokdj'
l%s' mq' 589 oS f.!;u nqmshdKka f,dalhdg nqoaO Ouh

foaYkd lrkakg wdrN l< oskfha mgka bxoshdf rcl l<
lKsIal rcqf.a rdc hq.h olajdu jQ jir 650 la muKu ;r
os.= ld,hla we;=<; fn!oaO f,dalhd w;f nq ms<su jkaokd
lsf is;la fyda pd;%hla fyda mej;=fKau ke;' msis nqoaO
Ouhg wkqj rEmh osrd hk" wksp jQ fohla ksid rEmh
jkaokd udk lrkakg ;r jkd fyda iqiq fyda fohla f,iska
nqoaO Oufha fmkakd kafka ke;' f wkqj uq,au nq iuh ;=<
f.!;u nqmshdkkaf.a fyda fjk;a lsisu nqoaO Ydjlfhl=f.a
fyda ms<suhlg je ms l< njla k fmfkkakgo ke;'
bxoshdfoS tod wfYdal uyrc iska lD;s%uj ksudkh lr.;a
wdlD;s nqoaO rdcHfhaj;a tA hq.hg wh;a jk lsisu nq ms<suhla
fyda nqoaO Y%djlfhl=f.a ms<suhla fyda jkaokd udk i|yd tod
fhdod.;a njla fmfkkakg ke;'
f,dalfha m<uq jrg nqoaO rEmhla Nd;d l< nj
olskakg we;af;a bkaoshdf rcl l< lksIal rcqf.a rdc
iufhaoSh' tho rf fj<odu i|yd Nd;d l< rka ldishl tl
- 32 -
me;a;l nqrejla igyka lr Nd;d lr ;suhs' f wkqj wmg

yuq we;s uq,au nqoaO rEmho Nla;sfhka fyda f.!rjfhka
jkaokd udk lsu i|yd Nd;d lrk ,oaola fkdj f,!lsl
jdksc lghq;a;la i|yd Nd;d l< tlla njo f;are .;
hq;=h'
lksIal rdc hq.hg miqj ls' j' 3 jk ishjfiaos muK
bkaoshdf l=Idka rc mrmqr mej;s hq.fha bkahdkq uydhdk
nqoaOd.f fn!oaOhska iska m<uq jrg nq ms<suj,g jkaokd
udk lrkakg mgka.;a nj meyeos,sh' miqj u:qrd" .dkaOdr"
wurdj;s" kd.cqkfldxv jeks ia:dk j,;a Bg miqj 5 jeks
ishji muK jk g kd,kaod" fj,af,dard jeks ia:dk j,;a f
iu.u ,xldf yd f,dalfha fndfyda fmros. rgj,;a nq ms<su
fk,d nqms<su j,g je ms lrkakg;a mgka .;a nj fmfka'
fuu nq ms<su jkaokdj meye,sju foaj wd. ixl,am
j, wdNdIfhka nqoaOd.ug we;= lr.;a wd. ixl,amhls'
.%Slhska bkahdj md,kh l< iufha fndfyduhlau ngysr foaj
wd. ixl,amhka bkahdj ;=<o m%p,s; h' .S%lhska wemf,da
fohdf.a ms<suhla ;kd Bg jkaokd udk mj;ajk is;la tod
Nd;fha mej;sKs' f wkqj bkahdf .S%lfhda foaj ms<su
jkaokdj mgka.;ay' f wdNdIfhka ls%'j' 2 jk 3 jk ishji
muK jk g bkahdf uydhdk fn!oaOfhda nq ms<su
jkaokdjla wdrN l<y' bkahdf ;ekq uq,au nqoaO m%;sud j,
wemf,da fohdf.a ms<su j,g iudk ,laIK m%;srEmKh jk
njo fndfyda wh fmkajd we;' ud, me< nq ms<su" /,s iys;
isks we wekao jQ nq ms<su" ysi ieriq nq ms<su wdh foaj
wd. ixl,am j,ska ,;a wdNdIhhs'
- 33 -
bkahdf isg ,xldjg nqoaOd.u f.kjdh lshk u;h

;yjqre lrkakg n,j;a fiau mdol lr.;af;ao fujka fn!oaO
ixialD;sldx.hs' nqoaOd.u hehs Nla;sfhka weoyq wd.ula tod
wkqrdOmqr hq.h f;lau f fy<f fkdh' msis nqoaO
Ouh ms<sfj;ska fm<.eiSula i je ms me;= he
iys; jQ weoys,a,la fyda wd.ula fyda fkdf' f ish wdldrfha
wd.l ixl,amhka ,xldjg f.k wdf k bkahdfjkah' f
wkqj k tod nqoaOd.u bkahdf isg ,xldjg f.kdfh hk
u;hg wms tl fjuq' kuq;a ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg Wmldr
jk W;= nqoaO Ouh k f fy< fu f.!;u nq mshdKka
iskau jir y;<sia myla mqrd foaYkd lr jod< nqoaO Ouhhs'
th f fy< fu Wm; ,enQ W;= nqoaO Ouhhs'
nqoaO m%;sudj je|mqod .ekSu wdrN u;a iu.u
fn!oaOhdf.a Nla;sh - nqoaO Nla;sh - we;s jqjd jdf.au
fn!oaOhdf.a wkkH;djho /l=Kq nj;a fmkajd h hq;=h' nqoaO
Ouh msis jQ ;rug ksjka olskakg Wmldr jkakd fiau
mrmrdfjka mrmrdjg th mj;ajdf.k tkakg k nqoaOd.u
i nqoaO Ouh iu;a fkdjk nj;a fmkajd h hq;=h' Bg fya;=j
nqoaO Ouh ta ta mqoa.,hdu ;u ;ukaf.au ukisldrh hqKq
lrf.k fm!oa.,slju wjfndaO lr.; hq;= fohla i
weoys,a,la fkdjk ksihs' fufia i,ld n,k g nqoaOd.u hkq
jdykhla nh' ta jdykfhau f.k wd nqoaO Ouh jk
mrud: Ouhu ksjka olskakg Wmldr fjhs' oekg jir 2600
lg muK fmr hq.hl f.!;u nqmshdKka iska foaYkd lrk
,o W;= nqoaO Ouh /` /lS mj;skafka ,xldf ,shQ
;s%msgl nqoaO foaYkdj ;=< mu' ixialD;sl wx.hka"
idys;Huh wx.hka yd fjk;a fndfyda ieris,s iys; jQ w,xldr
woaN+; foa wka;.; jkafka yd wh;a jkafka nqoaOd.ug i
- 34 -
W;= nqoaO Ouhg k fkdf' ishu wdi mQcd" je ms

ms<sfj;a" Ydka;s lu" wdYsjdo mqcd wdh fukau iCOdhkd
l%uhkao wh;a jkafka nqoaOd.ughs' nqoaO Ouh ksjka olskakg
Wmldr jk ms<sfj;ska fm<.eiSuhs'
nqoaOd.u;a kdY fkdlru" weoys,a,la f,iska wo
mj;sk nqoaOd.u kue;s iu; wd. ixl,amhka ;=<skau"
mrud: Ouh f;are .ekSu u.skau" ksjka wjfndaO
lr.kakg Wmldr jk OudkqOu m%;smodj wjfndaO
lr.ekSu kshu fn!oaOfhl=f.a W;aidyh h hq;=hs' iu;h
;=<skau mrud:h oel .; hq;=hs'
nqoaO hq.hg miqj jir 600 lg muK miqj bkahdf
,shq osjHdjodkh" ,,s; ia;rh wd ixialD; fmd;a j,
m<uqfjkau nqoaO p;hg wdod< is;=j we| olajd nqoaO rEm yd
tjka ixl,amhka f,dalhdg ykajd we;' f fmd;a ,shd
we;af;ao wfYdal hq.hg;a miqj wd Ys,d;H rdc hq.fhah' .S%l
yd frdau l,dYs,am yd ixialD;sl wx.hka fukau foaj wd.
ixl,amhka o nyq, f,iskau nqoaOd.u ;=<g jeoao .;af;a f
hq.fhah' f foaj wd. ixl,am yd ixialD;sl wx.hka yq
ck myka ixf.h i|yd n,j;a fiau Wmldr jQ ksid
bkahdf wdrN jQ bkahdf mgka.;a" fujeks oE
wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh lrdo ixl%uKh jQ nj fmfka' f wkqj
uydhdk nqoaOd.f fndfydauhla wx. yd Wmdx. ,xldf
fn!oaO ckhd w;ro" fYaIfhka bkahdf isg furgg me
m%N+ msia w;ro m%p,s; jQ ksid tajd ckms%h jkakg h'
wkqrdOmqr hq.fha wNh.s ydrfha wdrNh fuys m%;sM,hls'
ksldh fNaohkag uq,ajqfhao fuhhs'
f;d, nq ms<suh" ud,s.d, nq ms<suh" wlk nq
ms<suh" ;ka;suf,a nq ms<suh"' /iafjfyr nq ms<suh wd
- 35 -
Yd, m%udKfha nq ms<su fk,Su ,xldf wdrN lf<a 3 jk

ishjig wdikak ld,hlh' kuq;a reyqfKa msis nqoaO Ouh
ta jk g;a wdrlaId jQ mQckSh ia:dk j, fujka nq ms<su
jkaokdjla tod mej;s njla fkdfmfka'
f wkqj i,ld n,k l, wmg wo nqoaOd.u hehs
woykakg b;s we;s" wo;a fn!oaO ckhd w.h fldg woyk
yd w.h fldg i,lk fndfyda ixialD;sl wx.hka tod
bkahdf isg ,xldjg f.kd foaj,ah' f fya;=j ksidu tod
mer isxy,hka fukau wo j;udk fndfyda .sys me
fn!oaOhskao nqoaOd.u bkahdfjka ,xldjg f.kd nj mejiSu
;rula rg idOdrK m%ldYhls' kuq;a W;= nqoaO Ouh k
,xldfu wdrN bkahdjg;a f.k .sh fohla nj;a f;are
.; hq;=h' nqoaO wd.u yd nqoaO Ouh hkq tllau f,iska olsk"
f foflys fjkila ykd.kakg ne" mD:.ack mqoa.,hska
;j rg;a :Hd ixl,am yd :Hd u; j, t,a,S nqoaOd.u
bkahdf isg ,xldjg f.kd njg ;l lsu ms<sn|j mqu
h hq;= fkdf' Tjqkaf.a fkdoekqj;alu .eko wm wkqlmd
l< hq;=hs'
5' fy<u uq,au hq.fha mej;s nqoaO jkaokd l%u
f.!;u nqmshdKka tod fy< u ckanqoamfha

judkju jev is hq.fha;a fn!oaO ck;djg nqka jykafia
isysm;a lr je ms lr.ekSug f.!;u nqmshdKkau
wkqoek jod<" ksoafoai lr jod< mQcd jia;+ka lsysmhlau h'
fjd fldgia ;=klg fnod oelah yelsh'
- 36 -
' mdfNda.sl jia;+ka

' Woafoaisl jia;+ka
' Ydl Od;+ka
f fldgia ;=kgu tod uq,au hq.fha fy<j fn!oaOhd
je| mqod.;a nj ;s%msglfha;a" uydjxYfha;a" m jxYfha;a
meye,sju i|ykaj we;'
f wkqj isy;a fndai;a ;=ud Wm; ,enQ" f.!;u nq
mshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ" jir y;<sia myla mqrdu nqoaO
Ouh foaYkd lrk ,o f fy<f uq,au fn!oaO ck;djo
nqka isysm;a lsu i|yd f fldgia ;=kgu wh;a mQcd jia;+kag
Y%oaOdfjka hq;=j yd f.!rj Nla;sfhka hq;=j jkaokdudk lrk
is;la tod mej;sKs'
f.!;u nq mshdKka jykafia nqoaO;ajhg m;a f msg
ka" Wkajykafia mdfNda. l<" ch is uyd fndah yd ta
fndaka jykafiaf.a wxl=r fndaka jykafia,d fufia uq,au
hq.fha fy<j ckhd je| mqod.;a jeo.;au mQcd jia;=jhs'
f.!;u nqmshdKkau wdkkao yduqrejkag tod Wmfoia jod<
m ysjvqkafka isg jvujd f.k wd is uyd fnda wxl=rhla
ieje;akqjr f;jkdrdu N+fha tk wo ., kka
ykajk mqrdoHd N+fha msys kd jkfha ^f;jkfha& tod
frdamkh lr je ms lr.;a nj wfma rfu ,shQ b;sydi
fmd;a j,o i|ykah' f wdkkao fndah tod frdamKh lr
;snqfKa wo ., msys kd Whfkah' wo th jkfhka hg
wNdjhg f.dia we;s nj fmfka'
g wu;rj f.!;u nqmshdKka myrKh l<
jc%dikhgo tod mgkau fy<j fn!oaOhd je ms l<y'
ysjvqkak ch uyd fnda uq,fha wog;a olskakg we;af;a;a"
- 37 -
fn!oaO f,dalhd wog;a je ms lrkafka;a tod f.!;u

nqkaf.a nq myi ,enQ jc%dikhguh' ;j;a fujeksu jc%dik
lsysmhlau w;S; fy<f jeo.;a mQckSh ia:dkj, ;snq nj
fmfk;;a wo m%isoafha fjd oel .kakg ke;'
f.!;u nq mshdKka judkj jevis ld,fhau
fndfyda fn!oaOhska je|mqod.;a WoafoaYsl mQcd NdKavh jqfha nq
is m;=,hs' nq is m;=f,a msysgd ;snq ia; ,l=Kq ksidu f
fYaI ,laIK iys;ju .f,a fldgd ilia lr.;a nq ism;=,a
j,g jkaokd lsug tod fy< j fn!oaOhd mgka .;ay' nqka
judkj is ld,fhau f.!;u nqkaf.au nq md myi ,enQ
ismdo iamYh ,enQ is m;=,a wgla fy<f wg ia:dkhl
;ekam;a lr je ms lrkakg tod fy<u ck;dj mgka
.;ay' is m;=,a hq.,hka jYfhka iuyr ;ekl msysgq jQ w;r"
;ks ism;=,la f,i msysg jQ ia:dkhkao ;snq' f ia:dkhka
miqj wg uyd ia:dkhka - wguia:dk - jkaokdj f,iska tod
,xldf fn!oaOhd w;fo m%p,s; h' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha mjd
fndfyda fy< rc orejka" m%N+jreka" isgqjreka fy<f msys
fuu mer wguia:dkhka je| mqod .kakg rc fmryka .uka
l< nj yia;id,skS kue;s wkqrmqr hq.fha ,shq fmd;lo
i|yka we;'
f.!;u nqmshdKka tod judkj jev is hq.fhau
Ydl Od;= jkaokdjo wkqoek jod< w;r f,d;=rd
nqmshdKka jykafiaf.a Ydl Od;=" mfia nqjrhka jykafia
flfkl=f.a Ydl Od;= wry;=ka jykafia flfkl=f.a Ydl
Od;= yd pl%j;s rcflfkl=f.a Ydl Od;= ;ekam;a lr od
.e yd ffp;Hhka blr jkaokdudk lsu nqmshdfKda tod
wkqoek jod<y' f.!;u nqmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ fkdfnda
- 38 -
klg miqju je ms lr.kakg hula b,a,d is ;miaiq

N,al fj<| fonEhkag ,nd ka Ydl Od;=ka jqfha flai
Od;=kah' f flai Od;= ;ekam;a lr bl< od.en ;shdh
.sy~q iEh k h' f od.en msysfha ,xldf ;s%l=Kdu,h
wi, tod wx. rgg wh;a jQ ia:dkhlh' ishu fn!oaOfhda f
nj wo;a ms<s.ks;s' f.!;u nqka fjkqfjka f fy<fu
bl< fojk od.en jkafkao uyshx.kfha iquk rcq b l<
od.enhs' tyso f.!;u nqkaf.au flaiOd;= ;ekam;a lr
od.enla bl< nj b;sydifha i|ykah' f.!;u nq mshdKkag
fmr msksjka md jod< wiquyd Y%djlhska jykafia,d w;ka
iehq;a" uq.,ka wd uy wry;=ka jykafia,d oi kulf.au
Ydl Od;= ;ekam;a lr rc.y kqjr ffp;Hhka blr
jkaokd udk l< nj ;s%msglfha i|ykah' wog;a wmdf rc.,
f ffp;Hhka oyfhau kgUqka meye,sju oel .kakg we;'
tfia k f fy<f wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fndfyda fmr hq.hfha
blrk ,o ffp;Hhka yd od.e je| mqod .ekSuo tod fy<
fn!oaOhkaf.a is;la h'
f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafiaf.a msksjka mEu is jQ
l=iskdrd kqjr ^nq.,& tod ishu ij{ Od;+ka jykafia,d
fldgia wglg fnod fjkalr Ndr kafka tjlg f fy<fu
rclrk ,o rcjreka wg fofkl=gh' tod mgkau f Od;+ka
jykafia,d fy<u jeishkaf.a je ms j,g md;% h'
bkahdf isg Od;=ka jykafia,d ,xldjg jevu jq njla lsisu
b;sydih fmd;l m;l fyda uydjxYfha fyda fld;ekl j;au
i|ykaj ke;' fyauud,d l=uh iy oka; l=ure oka; Od;=ka
jykafia jevujdf.k wkqrdOmqrhg wdf nq., l=iskdrd
kqjka i fjk;a ;eklska fkdf' l=iskdrd kqjr msysfhao
ckanqoamfhah' wo k tA r;akmqr ia;s%lalfha nq.,hs'
- 39 -
f.!;u nqmshdKka judkj jev is hq.fha mgkau ch

is uy fndaka jykafia je| mqod .ekSf is; fy< fn!oaO
f,dalhd w;f m%p,s; h' f wkqj f.!;u nqka judkj
jev is hq.fhau ysjvqkafka msys ch is uyd fnda if.ka
fnda wxl=r /f.k ;a frdamKh lr je ms lsf is;
wkqj tys m<uqjeks fnda wxl=rh jvujdf.k .sfha
bis k a n eia i ., bis m ;kdrduhgh' ueojfha ms y s
biskaneiai., tod liS rgg wh;a jQ ia:dkhls' tod frdamKh
l< ch uy fnda wxl=rh wo olajdu;a biskaneiai., rcuy
ydr N+fha wdrlaId mj;s' wog;a fn!oaO fy< ck;dj f
fndaka jykafiag je ms lr;s'
ch uy fndaka jykafiaf.a ;j;a fnda wxl=rhla
rc.ykqjr wmdr rc., fjkdrdufha;a frdamKh lr Bg
je ms lrkakg mgka .;af;ao f.!;u nqka judk
ld,fhauh' f fndaka jykafia ms<sn|j wo jk g f;dr;=re
oek.kakg fkd,efnkafka miq.sh jir 1000 lg;a je
ld,hla ta rc., m%foaYhu uy le,fhka jeiS hgm;aj .sh
fyhsks'
ch uy fnda ikaf.a ;j;a YdLdjla miq lf,l
isoaOd: l=udfrd;am;a;sh is jq fha" ^wo k nUr.,&
frdamKh lrjQ w;r wog;a nUr., jej.u rcuyd ydr
N+fha f fndaka jykafia judkju jev is'
f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.a msksu;a iu.u l=iskdrd
kqjrgo ch is fndaka jykafia f.ka fnda wxl=rhla
jvujdf.k ;a tys frdamKh lr .ekSu ish' wog;a
nq., yd l=r., w;r ldg;a oel je| mqod .; yels
gemsghdh fndah kka m%isoaO w;s mer fndaka jykafia
- 40 -
fufia ,nd.;a fnda wxl=rhls' f.!;u nqmshdKka msksfuka

jir 280 lg muK miq hq.hl ix>;a;d fufyh iska
wkqrdOmqrh lrd ysjvqkafka ch is uy fnda ikaf.ka
,nd.;a fnda wxl=rhla jevuf i;H mqj; jgd f.;=Kq
l:djo fnda jxYfha i|yka f'
fnda jxYh ,shd m< lf<a oUfo hq.fha jk w;r f
ms<sn|j tk l;d mqj; W;a;rjxYfhao" uydjxYfhao
mjxYfhao flfhka i|yka fjhs'
ys l=udrhd" i;a l=uh yd iqukd" iqkkaod hk
l=uhka ;sfokd;a iu wfYdal rcqf.a hqoaO iufha fy< ug
mek wd w;r tu rcl=ur l=uhka tod ie .;af;a wmdf
rc., fjkdrdu N+fhah' f i;r fokdu ld,sx. m%foaYfha
bkah rc mjq,lg wh;a rc l=ur l=uhkah' wfYdal rcqgo
kEl we;s f rc l=ur l=uhka fy<ug mek wdf wfYdal
rcqf.a hqoaOhg fhkah' wfYdal rcq bkahdf rcl l<
m%dfoaYSh rc mjq,aj,g wh;a ;ukaf.au kEoEhska iuq,>d;kh
l< nj b;du;a m%isoaOh' f l=ur l=uhka tod fy<ug mek
wf ;u ;h frd .kakgh' rc.,g wd f l=ur l=ufhda
ish fokdu m<uqj uyK jQy' ys uy ry;ka jykafia kka
uyK uM, ,ndf.k isxy," ud. yd nqoaO Ouho bf.k
f.k miq lf,l wkqrdOmqrhg nqoaO Ouh ykajd fok
,oafoao rc., wmdf rc.ykqjr fjkdrdufha j;a jQ
ys yshka isks' miq lf,l wfYdal rcq nqoaOd.u je<|f.k
OudfYdal njg m;a jQ miqj bkahdjg f.dia tys nqoaOd.u
me;sr ugo Wkajykafia ls%hd l<y' ys yshka ;u wjidk
ld,h .; lf<a;a msksjka md jodf<a;a wmdf rc., kka
m%isoaO jQ rc.ykqjrh'
- 41 -
wmdf rc.,ska yuq jQ msys .,l ,shd we;s

fi,a,smshl=;a ta fi,a,smsh wdikakfhau we;s ffp;Hhl
kgUqkao wog;a f mqj; ikd: lrhs' f wkqj tod ys yshka
uyK jQ Ouh bf.k.;a uM, ,nd.;a f,dal fn!oaO
uq,ia:dkh jqfha wmdf wo rc., kka m%isoaO jQ tod
rc.ykqjr fjkdrdufhah' ys yshka bkahdf h
;ekl isg wkqrdOmqrhg jevu lr jodf<a k Wkajykafia
msksjka mEu i|yd iy ;u wjidk ; ld,h .; lsu
i|yd wkqrdOmqrfhka b;d wE; msys rc., f;dard .kakg
lsis fya;=jla ke;' rc.y kqjka wkqrdOmqrhg jevu l<
ys yshka kej;;a rc.y kqjrgu wdmiq jevu l< nj;a ta
jk g;a b;du hqKq yd Okj;a ;;a;ajhlska rc., msys fy<
rdcOdksh mej;s nj;a" fn!oaO oHd ia:dkhlaj th mej;s
nj;a f idlaIs j,skau Tmamq l< yelshs'
ys yshka tod jevis rc., fjkdrduh N+fhau
msysgd ;snq fufy wdrduhl uyK jQ i;a l=uho miq
lf,l u.M, ,ndf.k ys yshka iu wkqrdOmqrhg
jevujd jodf<a ,xld mqrfha fufy iiqk msysgq u i|ydh'
f hk .ukl wkqrdOmqr fn!oaO ck;djg je ms lr
.ekSug ysjvqkafka chis uy fndaka jykafia f.ka fnda
wxl=rhla wkqrdOmqrhg jvujd f.k .sh mqj; fnda
jxYfhau i|yka fjhs'
tod f.!;u nqmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ oji jk g
ysjvqkak m%foaYh md,kh lf<a uqp,skao k kd. f.da;s%l rcq
isks' uqp,skao k kd. f.da;s%l rcq f.!;u nqkag jeiafika
f jdih lsug ilia lr ka l=h;a" ie;fmkakg ilia lr
ka .,a wdikh;a wo;a ysjvqkafka olskakg we;' nqoaO;ajhg
m;a f Nd;d lrk ,o wdikh jQ jrdikho ilia lr
- 42 -
kafka uqp,skao rcquh' ix>;a;d fufyh wkqrdOmqrhg ch

uy fndafhka fnda wxl=rhla jvujd f.k hkakg
ysjvqkakg me wjia:dfo tys md,kh Ndrj isfha kd.
f.da;%hgu wh;a rcjrekah' f nj ikd: lrk i;HujQ
mqj;la fnda jxYfha;a uydjxYfha;a i|yka fjhs' f mqj;
k ch uyd fndaka jykafia f.ka ,nd .;a fnda wxl=rh
wkqrdOmqrhg jvujdf.k hkakg fmr kd f,dj mqo mQcd l<
njhs'
kd f,dj i;shla mqo ,o fndah kka wog;a fnda
jkaokdf l fm<l i|yka jkafkao f mqj;hs' tod kd
f,dj jqfha kd. f.da;%hg wh;a jQ f rdcOdkshh' tod fy;a;d l=uh kd. f.da;s%l rcqf.a wkq.%yho we;sj tod
wkqrdOmqrhg chis uy fndah jevu lr jqfha fkarxckd
kh f.ah' wo yqreTh yd hdkaTh kka ykajk . tod
Yd, .x.djla f,iska .,df.k .sh fkarxckd khhs' f
kh f.a ch is uyd fnda wxl=rh jvujd f.k f.dia
foajdk msh;siai rcqg th uy lkordj wi, f;dgqm,l Ndr
we;'
wkqrdOmqrfha tod meje;a jQ fuu chis uy fnda wxl=r
frdamK W;aijhg tjlg kefkysr yd reyqfKa rcl l<
fy< rcorejkago wdrdOkh l< nj;a fufia wdrdOkd ,en tys
me reyqKq rcorejka wdmiq hk .ufka ysjvqkafka msys
ch is uyd fndafhka ,nd.;a fnda wxl=r lsysmhla reyqKg
/f.k f.dia tys frdamKh l< nj;a uyd jxYfhau i|yka
fjhs' l;r.u fnda i fuhska tl fndahls'
- 43 -
g wdikaku ld,hl tjlg bkahdf rcl l<

wfYdal rc;=ud fj;o ysjvqkafka msys ch uy fndafhka
,nd.;a fnda wxl=rhla ;E.s lr hejq nj;a wfYdal rc;=ud ta
fnda wxl=rh ;uka ksudKh l< wdlD;s nqoaO.hdf frdamKh
lrf.k jkaokd udk l< nj;a b;sydifha i|yka f' idx
f;drfKa oelafjkafkao wfYdal rcq fuu fnda wxl=rh Ndr
.kakd ;% igykls'
fuu fnda wxl=rh wfYdal rcqf.a ; ld,fhau wjidk
hq.fha wfYdal wrdchdf.au ijl iska lgq.id kdY lr
oeuq nj;a b;sydifhau ,shd ;nd we;' miq lf,l bkahdjg
;j;a chis ud fnda wxl=rhla jevujd f.k hkakg .;a
W;aidyho je<lS .sh nj;a i|ykah' fufia miqj jevujdf.k
hkakg W;aidy .;a fuu fndaka jykafia ;ka;suf,a
mQcdN=fhka Tng jevujd f.k hkakg fkdyels jQ nj;a
wog;a ta fnda wxl=rh ;ka;suf,a mQcdN+fha fn!oaO ckhdg
je|mqod .kakg iqiq fia judkju tys jev isk nj;a fmkajd
h hq;=h'
nqka jykafia judkj jevis hq.fhau f fy<f
wguydia:dkhl fndaka jykafia,d wgkula fn!oaO
uyckhdf.a je|mqod .ekSu i|yd iqiq fia frdamKh lr
ia:dms; lr ;s' f wdldrhg ch is uy fndaka jykafiaf.a
fnda wxl=rhka frdamKh l< ishu ia:dkj,;a ysjvqkafka
chis uy fndaka jykafia wi,;a tod nq ism;=,ao ilia lr
f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafiaf.au mdo iamYh ,ndf.k
;ekam;a lr je| mqod.kakg tod fn!oaOfhda mgka .;ay'
fy<u foaj fy<fha ckanqoamfha msysg jQ nq is m;=,a hq.,
jYfhka is m;=,a folu iys;j ia:dk yhl tod ;ekam;a lr
;snq' ta ysjvqkak ch is uy fndah wi, biskaneiai.,
- 44 -
bism;kdrdufha" nUr., isy;a Wm; is jq N+fha" l=iskdrd

kqjr nq., wi, gemsghdfha" ., f;jkdrdufha yd
rc., fjkdrdu mqof hk ia:dkhka yhlh' Bg wu;rj
tod kd. rdcHhg wh;aj ;snq fudlaflu ^l,amsh& k
ia:dkfha;a" iuk, lkao uqfka;a ism;=,a msysgq h' iuk,
lkafoa yd fudlaflu ;ks ism;=,la ne.ska ;ekam;a l< w;r
wfkla ia:dk j, ism;=,a hq.,hka ne.ska ;ekam;a lrkakgo
fYaI fya;=jla ;sfnkakg we;'
tod ix>;a;d fufyKsh iska is uy fnda wxl=rhla
wkqrdO mqrhg jvujdf.k f.dia iq l,lg miqj ysjvqkak
is uy fnda i jev is N+fhau fn!oaOhdg jkaokdudk
lrkakg ilia lr f.k ;snQ nq ism;=,ao wkqrdOmqrhg
jvujd f.k f.dia wkqrdOmqrfha rc ud,s.h wi, u w;ska
f.dv kk ,o ydrhl ;ekam;a lrkq ,e' w;ska
frdamkh lrk ,o isud fnda wxl=rhg;a" rc ud,s.dj wi,
ism;=,a ;ekam;a lr bl< ydrhg;a" rc mjqf,a wh;a
uyckhd;a tod jkaokdudk meje;ajQy' f wkqj wkqrmqr
rdcOdksfha uq,au hq.fha fn!oaOhska jkaokdudk lrk ,oafoa
is uyfnda ikag yd nq is m;=,g;ah'
rejkaje,s uyiEh" :Qmdrduh wdoS uy od.e bos l<
miqj ism;=,a jkaokdj l%udkql+,j wfydais .sfhah' nqms,su
jkaokdj mgka .;a miqj iuk, lkaxfoa msysg jQ is m;=,g
muKla jkaokd udk l<;a nq ism;=,g jkaokd udk lsu
imQKfhkau wNdjhg .sfhah' iuk, lkao uqfka msysg jQ
nq ism;=,go wo fn!oaO ckhd jkaokdudk lrkafka iuka
fohkag mqomQcd lsf foaj Nla;shlska i nq ne;sfhka k
fkdf'
- 45 -
tod fy< rcorejka yd fy<f fn!oaOhska iska

f.!rjfhka jkaokdudk lrk ,o f W;= mdfNda.sl jia;+kag
miq lf,l w;a jQ brKu k w;sYh focklh'
tod ysjvqkafka is uy fnda ika wi, kd. f.da;%sl
uqp,skao rcq iska je| mqod.kakg ilia lr ;ekam;a lr ;snQ nq
md myi ,enQ nq ism;=,a hq.,ho miq l,loS wkqrdOmqr
k.rhg f.ke;a wkqrdOmqr uyfujqkd Whfka rcjdi, wi,u
;ekQ ydrhl ;ekam;a lr jkaokd udk mj;ajkakg h'
foajdkmsh;siai rcqf.a mgka fndfyda ld,hla wkqrmqr rcl
l< fy< rcorejka fuu nq ism;=,a jkaokd lr .;a;;a miq
lf,l uy od.e ;kjd nqms,su boslr tajdg jkaokdudk
lrkakg mgka.;a miqj W;= ism;=,a je|Sf fnd is;
fn!oaO ckhd w;ka ke;a;gu ke;s .sfhah'
g;a jvd fockl isu k tod .,
f;jkdrdufha fn!oaO rcorejka yd fmd ck;dj iska je|
mqod.;a nq ism;=,a hq.,h iu. ;j;a mqckSh ia:dkj,ska
fidhd.;a ism;=,a hq.,hka lsysmhlau wo jk g rejkaje,s
iEfha i,m;, uf .,a w;rg w,a,d u ilr tAjd fmd
uyckhdg mEf.kakg ie,eiauhs' fuu nq is m;=,a hq.,hla
.,ska yuq jQ fl!;=l jia;+ka f,i i,ld tAjd wdrd lrkakg
rejkaje,s iE i,m;, uf u ;ekam;a lr ;enQ njla t' iS'
mS' fn,a uy;d ;u oskfmdf;a igyka lr we;s nj mrK;dk
uy;do i|yka lr we;'
ysjvqkafkka tod rdc f.!rj iys;j wkqrdOmqrhg
jvujd f.k wd is m;=,a hq.,hkao wo jk g wkqrdOmqr
mqrdK fl!;=ld.drh bosmsg t,suyfka wjg ff,ka
jeiaig f;fuka wkdrs; f,iska u oud we;' wo th
fl!;=l NdKavhla muKla fia i,l;s'
- 46 -
biskaneiai., msysg jQ ism;=,ao oeka fYaIfhka

jkaokd udk i|yd Nd;d fkdlrk w;r wo nqoaO rEmhla
;eug mdoula f,iska th Nd;d lrk nj fmfka' biska
neiai., is ud fndah wi,u we;s nq ms,suh wo ;ekam;a lr
we;af;a f is m;=,a Wvh'
nq., o tod ism;=,a hq.,hla ilia fldg je ms
l< w;r wo tA ism;=,a hq.,h hglr isfuka;s oud ie;fmk
nqms<suhla boslr we;'
fudlaflu msysgqjd ;snq ism;=,a hglr tys l,amsfha
kdjql yuqod l|jqrla boslr we;af;a mD;=.Sis md,k
ld,fhaoSuh'
rc.y kqjr fjk ydrfha tod ;ekam;a lr ;snQ nq
ism;=,a hq., folu uE;loS fidhdf.k we;s w;r wo tAjd
mqrdoHd ldhd,h ^rc.,& wi, uoud uyck m%oYkh
i|yd ;nd we;'
f wdldrhg tod fn!oaO f,dalhd iskao fy< rc
orejka iska o ioaOdfjka jkaokdudk lr.;a nq md myi ,enQ
nq ism;=,a miqj fl!;=l jia;+ka njg m;a wNdjhg m;au
ish' oeka nqoaO Ouh fkdo;a wd. woyk fy<osj kdl
fn!oaOhskao wo jkaokdudk lrkafka nqoaO ms<suhkag i nq md
myi ,o W;= mQckSh jia;=kag k fkdf'
- 47 -
6' wguia:dk ixl,amh
tod f.!;u nqmshdKka f fy<u judkju jevis

hq.fhaoS;a wguy ia:dkhla je|mqod .ekSf is;la fn!oaO
f,dalhd w;f mej;s' nqoaO Oufha tk wGdx.sl ud.hka
isysm;a lrka wguia:dkhka je|mqod .ekSf is; tod mgkau
fy<u mej;s njg ,xldf ,shQ yF:id,Sks k w;s merKs
.%ka:fhao i|yka f' j,.nd" Nd;sh" gq.euqKq" chnd" uyd
mrdl%undyq fukau ksiaixlu,a, hk rcorejkao fuu
fy<f msys wguy ia:dk j,ska lsysmhla fyda je| mqod
.kakg tAjd lrd rc fmryfrka .sh nj b;sydi fmd;aj,
i|yka f' f lsisu fy< rcorefjl= wguia:dk jkaokdj
i|yd bkaoshdjg fyda Ndr; foaYhg fyda .sh njla b;sydifha
k i|ykaj ke;' uyd mksndk iq;%fha f.!;u nqmshdkkau
wkqoek jod, mos je|mqod oeln,d.; hq;= ia:dk y;ru;a f
fn!oaO wguia:dk ixl,amhgo mdol jkakg we;' f wkqj
ism;=,a wgl=;a" fnda wxl=r wgl=;a je|Su fn!oaO wguia:dk
ixl,amhg yd wIagm, fnda ixl,amhgo uq,a jqjdg ielhla
ke;'
wo jk g;a fn!oaO f,dalhd wkq.ukh lrK
wkqrdOmqrfhaoS wguia:dkhka jkaokd lr.ekSf is;go uq,a
jQfha f uq,au wguia:dk jkaokdjhs' tod bkaoshdjg nqoaOd.u
ykajd ka wfYdal uyrc;=ud;a bkaoshdj ;=<o f wguia:dk
jkaokdj wdrN lsug wdlD;s jYfhka ia:dk wglau
f.dvkxjd tAjdg jkaokd udk lsug bkaoSh ck;djg;a mqre
lf<ah'
- 48 -
wguia:dk jkaokd ixl,amh miqj ysx yd fo wd.

j,go we;=<;a jQ nj bkaoshdfoS ,shQ ,,s; ia;rh kue;s
fmdf;a i|yka f' bkaoshdfoS yskaka yd nuqKka m fidaod
yk f;dgqm, wgla f,iska ;S: ia:dkhka wgla k lr tu
ia:dkhka je|mqod .;a nj;a" Ys,dos;H k bkaoshdf rcl
l< rcq mjd fuu ;S: ia:dkhka je| mqod .kakg .sh nj;a
osjHdjodkh k ixialD; fmdf;a i|yka fjhs' nId;=ud ,shq
bkaoshd b;sydih fmdf;ao fuu wguia:dk jkaokdj ms<sn|j
meyeos,sju igyka lr ;nd we;'
b;d wE; w;S;fha mgkau f fy<f ckanqoamfha -
wkqrdOmqr hq.hg;a fmr hq.j,oS mjd fy<u fn!oaOhdg
je|mqod .kakg - wguia:dkhkau boslr" k lr" mej;s nj
meyeos,sh' f wguy ia:dkhka l,ska l,g fjkia h' fufia
fjkia jQ njg meyeos,sju idOl we;af;a wm wo Nd;d lrk
isxy, ms;a fmdf;ah' f ms;a fmdf;a ydr wiak hk kka
tA tA hq.j," tA tA m%foaYj, msysgqjd ;snQ wguia:dkhka fjka
fjkaj i|yka lr fjkaj fma<shg ,shd ;nd we;' f f,iska
wguia:dkhka ,shd ;eu ljod wdrN oehs ;srKh lrkakg
wmyiq kuq;a tA tA hq.hkaySoS je|mqod.;a ia:dkhkaf.a k fjka
fjkaju tlu fohlg i|yka lr ,shd ;nd we;'
ydr wiafkys tk w;S;fhaoS je|mqod .;a ydrhka
olajk kj, tla fm<lg f.dkqlr ,shd we;s fuu mQckSh
ia:dkhkaf.a k foi uis,af,ka n,kak' f;jk ydrh"
lms, ydrh" bism;kdrduh" l=iskdrduh" mqjdrduh"
osKdrduh yd W;a;rdrduh" isKs iEh hk wguia:dkhka
wkqrmqr hq.hg fmr tla;rd jljdkqjl ^nqoaO hq.fha&
je|mqod.;a ydr f,aLkhg we;=<;a lr ,shd ;nd we;' fuys
- 49 -
tk lms, ydrh hkq rc., msys fjkdrduh wi, msys

merKs fn!oaO uq,ia:dkhhs'
fuhska meyeos,s jk mru i;Hh k f fy< f h
w;S; hq.hl f kj,ska i|yka jQ nq md myi ,enQ fuu W;=
ia:dkhka msysgqjd ;snqKq njhs' wo fjd bkaoshdf fyda uyd
Ndr;fha fyda ydria:dkhka hehs k lr wfma fy< b;sydih
hgm;a lrkakg ork wid:l W;aidyhka .eko fy<f
j;ajk wjxl fn!oaOhska yehg wm l,amkd l< hq;=h' fjd
wfma ms;a fmdf;a ,shd ;nd we;af;a wehs@
ld,hdf.a wejEfuka bism;kdrduh biskaneiai., hk
kkao" - rc.y kqjr - rc., kkao" f;jkdrduh - .,
kkao" l=iskdrduh - nq., hk kkao lgg myiq f,iska k
ilia Nd;hg f.k we;' f ishu ia:dkhka wo jk g
fidhd oek fn!oaO f,dalhdg ioaOd is;ska je|mqod f.k nqoaO
Yla;shg wkq.;jkakg wjYH mos ia:dk ^Gdk& jYfhkau
ykajd oSu f fmd;a ,shd t,soelaf tlu mrud:hhs'
tod f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia f fy<f
ckanqoamfha jevis hq.fhaoSu je|mqod .kakg wkqoek jod<
wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh oshqKq jkakg;a fmr jir 600 la muKu
oS> ld,hla mqrdu;a rf md,lhska" rcorejka yd uyckhdo
je|mqod .;a w;S; wguy ia:dkhka fjka fldg ykd oel n,d
.ekSf myiqj i|yd fuys igyka lr ;n'
- 50 -
' f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia nqoaO;ajhg m;ajQ chis uy

fnda i msys ia:dkh
wo jk g ysjvqkak isuy fndaka jykafia f,iska
fmdf ljqre;a ykajk fuu chis uy fnda i msysgd
we;af;a fuu fy<u ,xldoamfha y ueoh' tk uOH
uKav,fhah' ,xldj msys foaYdxYl yd wdxYl .ek n,d tA
wkqj y;/ia fldgqjla f,iska ilia lr f.k tys uq y;r hd
lr l;srhla .id n,d ,xldf yueo ,h ,nd.kak' fuu
,h yhgu ysjvqkak fnda i oekg;a jevjdih lrk
ia:dkhhs' oUq,a, ynrK ud.fha 110 lS' g lKqj wi,ska
jug ye lS' g tlla muK .=remdr osf.a .uka lrk g
fuu ruKsh ia:dkhg <d h yelsh' tod mgkau f fndaka
jykafiag iq fndah hk ku jHjydr lr ;snQ njo fmkajd osh
hq;=h'
cfhda uqkskaoiai - iqfnda uqf,a
wfydais udriai - mrdcfhdayS
hk fnda jkaokd .d:dfjys iqfnda hkq f iq fndahg tod
Nd;d l< fYaI kduhhs' ,xldf fyda f,dalfha fyda fjk;a
lsis fndaka jykafia kulg iq fndah hehs k lr ke;'
wo;a jirlg jrla chis uy fnda ikaf.a fnda uQ,fhka
fjila fmdfydhg wdikak oskhl iq fnda wxl=rhla u;=u
u.ska f iq fndah f,dalhdg m%oYkh lrkq ,ef'
fuu chis uy fnda uq,fha f.!;u nqmshdkkag
nqoaO;ajhg m;au i|yd jev ys|skakg uqp,skao k kd.
f.da;%sl rc;=ud iska lrjd ka jrdikho wog;a tA fnda
uQ,fhau fkdfi,a ;ekam;a mj;S' f jrdikh
- 51 -
lsisfjl=g;a fid,jkakg" fjkia lrkakg fyda kdY lrkakg

ne wdldrhgu ia:djrju ;ekam;a we;s wdldrh th oel
n,df.ku Tngo iy;sl lr .; yelsh'
mqrdod rs;hla f,iskao jkjdiS ksldhg wh;a
wdr[a[ fiakdikhla f,iskao wog;a wdrd mj;sk f
W;= mqkHN+h tod fy< rcorejka iska je|mqod .;a" ydr
wiafkao ku i|yka jk" W;a;rdrduh f,iska tod ye|skajQ c,
ldYHm we;= NslaIqka jykafia oyila fokdo tl, jev is
ia:dkhhs'
wguia:dkhkag whs;s m<uqjk ia:dkh jk f ia:dkh
ms<sn|j je rg;a f;dr;=re oek .kakg uq,ska ,shQ m<uqjk
fmd;o lshjd n,kak'
' isy;a fndai;a l=urd W;am;a;sh ,enQ h

tod fy< rcorejka iska .,a lgdr fldgd
f.!;u nqrcdKka jykafiagu mQcd lrk ,o fuh W;=
mQckSh ia:dkhls' wguia:dk w;ka jeo.;au ;ekla .;a f
mQckSh ia:dkh msysgd we;af;a uykqjr ia;s%lalfha f;,afoh
m%dfoaYsh f,al fldGdifha nUr., rcuyd ydrh" jej.u
rcuy ydrh hk k j,ska wo ykajk ia:dkfhah'
bkaid, .=ydj we;= lgdr flgq .,a.=yd 50 lg
wl ixLHdjla f rcuy ydr N+fha wog;a olskakg we;s
w;r fuhska .,af,ka 14lu uq,au hq.fha fy< niska ,shQ wl=re
iys; fi,a,sms 14 lao we;' f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia
nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ miq 16 jeks jir .; lf<a nUr., rcuy
ydr N+fha msys bkaoid, .=ydfh' fuu .,a.=ydf fldgd
- 52 -
we;s fi,a,smshlska th bkaoid, .=ydj njg wo ykdf.k

we;' tod f .=ydj f.!;u nqmshdKkag jia jikakg iqiq
m w,xldr f,iska ilia lr ms<sfh, lr ka njg wo;a tys
olskakg we;s ;% j, kIagdjfYaI j,skao meye,s fjhs'
;s%msglfha > ksldfha i|yka ilal m[a[y iQ;%h
f.!;u nqmshdKka tod foaYkd lf<a fuu bkaoid, .=ydf
jevjdih lrk wjia:dfh' ta nj ;s%msglfhau meye,sju
i|yka lr we;' uydpdh mrK;dk uy;do fuu ia:dkh
bkaoid, .=ydj f,iska ykdf.k ta nj m%ldY lr we;'
ilaliai foajdkkao k jQ pl%j;s rc mrmqfrka mej; wd
ffoay kqjr iq rc flfkl=g" tk foajhka jykafia hehs
uyckhd tod wduka;%Kh l< fy<j mer pl%j;s rc
mrmqfrka mej; wd rfcl=g" f ilal m[a[y iq;%h f.!;u
nq mshdKka jykafia fuu bkaoid, .=ydf foaYkd lr jod<
fial' mks; kka jQ pl%j;s rc mrmqrgu wh;a rc
flfkl=g;a fuu bkaoid, .=ydfu mks; iq;%h foaYkd l<
kuq;a th wo ;s%msglfha olakg ke;' ilaliai foajd kkao
ilafohka f,iska miqj ye|skah'
fuu rcuy ydr N+h ;=< wog;a i,a.ia oel.kakg
we;s w;r jir 3000 lg;a jvd mer fYaIs; i,a.ila tys
wog;a olakg we;' f i,a.i uq, f.!;u isoaOd:
l=udrhdf.a Wm; is h' tod ta m%foaYfha rcl l< ilaliai
rc mrmqf rcorejka isy;a Wm; isysm;a lrkakg fYaI
ydrhla lrjd Bg je ms l< njo b;du meye,sj
olskakg we;' f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafiaf.au nq md myi
,enq nq ism;=,lao fuu ydr N+fhau ydrhl ;ekam;a lr
tod rc orejka yd uyck;dj je ms lr.;a nj olajk
- 53 -
;% igykla wog;a fuu nUr., rc uyd ydrfhau we;s

mer fmd;l olakg we;'
uykqjr rdcOdks ld,h f;lau f ydrh wguia:dk
w;ka tlla f,iska fy<j jeishka jeomqod.;a nj;a fmkajd
h hq;= lreKls' tod ms;a fmdf;a i|yka wguia:dkhka w;ka
is iEh hkqfjka i|yka l< ia:dkh fuhhs' fuys w;S;fha
fujeks iEhla ;s miqlf,l kdY .sh njo fmfkkakg
we;'
f ia:dkhg hk ud.h yd ta ms<sn|j je uk;a
f;dr;=re m<uqjk fmdf;ao ia;r jYfhka igyka lr we;s
ksid tho lshjd n,kak'
' m<uq Ou foaYkdj meje;a jQ bism;fka .odh

wkqrdOmqr ia;%slalfha ueojhg wdikakj msysgd we;s
biska neiai., rcuyd ydrh kka wo m%isoahg m;aj
we;af;a tod oila mej;= iq;%h foaYkd l< W;= mqouhs'
f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.a judk ld,fhau fuu ia:dkh
bism;kdrduh f,iska fy
ld,hla ;=<u w;S; fn!oaO rcorejkaf.a yd uyck;djf.a
f.!rjhg yd jkaokdudk j,g fhdod.kakd ,'
fuu .,a;,dj t;r Wi ke;;a ,laI .Kklg tljr
/ia h yels ia:dkhls' miaj. uyKqka tod Ndjkdkqfhda.Sj
jevisfha fuu .,a mj;fhau kef.kysr nEjqf msysgd we;s
wry;a .=ydj kka wog;a ykajk iajdNdlj msysgd we;s .,a
.=ydfh' ljodj;au c,h fkdisf|k ,s|lao tys msysgd we;'
- 54 -
wry;a .=ydjg kef.kysr foiska uyd wreu mqu kq. hdhla

jeks Yd, m%foaYhl me;sreKq kq. .ils' kq. .ig Tfnka
wlalr 100l muK m%foaYhla mqrd me;sreKq uqj jkhls' f uqj
jkhg wo;a uqjka fudkreka wd i;=ka mefKkq oel .;
yelsfjhs' fuh iajdNdl oiqkls'
tod f.!;u nqmshdKka m<uqjk Ou foaYkdj meje;a
jQ f m%foaYfha md,lhdj isfha id;d.sr k hlaI f.da;s%l
rcqhs' fyauj; hkq id;d.sr rcqf.a ;% rfcls' f m%foaYh tod
liS rgg wh;aj ;snq njo fmkajd h hq;=hs'
id;d.sr m%dfoaYSh rcq iska fuys Yd, .,a ;,dj ueo
tk tod f.!;u nqmshdKka m<uqjk Ou foaYkdj meje;ajq
ia:dkfhau l=vd od.enla ;kjd ;ukaf.a je ms i|yd
fhdod .kakd ,' miq l,l ysjvqkak ch is uy fnda ika
f.ka fnda wxl=rhla f.kajd f.k tys frdamKh l< w;r wog;a
ta w;s mer fndaka jykafia je| mqod .kakg yels whqkau
tys /lS wdrlaId mj;S' f wdikak ld,hlu f.!;u nq
mshdKkaf.a nq md myi ,enQ nq is m;=,a hq.,hlao fuu
ia:dkfhys ;ekam;a lr ydrhla lrjd jkaokd udk lsu
i|yd fhdod.;a w;r fuu ia:dkho wguia:dk j,ska tlla
njg tod m%isoaO h' bism;kdrduh f,iska ms;a fmdf;a ydr
wiafkys fuh k lr we;'
khsfmk iys; kd.rEm flgq .,a mqjrejlao f
ia:dkfhau ;ekam;a lr we;af;a kd. f.da;%fha rc jrekao fuu
ia:dkh je|mqod .;a njg idlaIshla jYfhks'
nqoaO;ajhg m;a jq f.!;uhka jykafiaf.a m<uqjk Ou
foaYkdj wid f nqoaO idikfha ys jq m<uqjk ix>hd
jykafia;a" m<uq Y%djlhska jykafia,d yeg kul=;a ysjqfhao
- 55 -
fuu W;= ia:dkfhah' f ksid f nqoaO idikfha wdrNh is

jqfha f mqkH N+fhah' miql,l fy
ld,hla ;=< je ms lr.;ay'
' f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.a msksu is jq l=iskdrduh

r;akmqr ia;s%lalfha n,kaf.dvg kqre l,af;dg
m%dfoaYSh f,al n, m%foaYhg wh;a j,f .x.dOdrfha Wv
fldgfia msys b;du ruh N+ Nd.hls ^nq.,&' l=iskdrduh"
tod u,a,j rcorejka f m%foaYfha rcl lrk hq.fha
f.!;u nq mshdKka jykafia msks jodf<a wo nq., kkq;a"
tod l=iskdrd kqjr kkq;a" m%isoaO jQ fuu l=vd k.rfhah'
nq.,g kqfrka msys wo rcjl kka ykajk
m%foaYfha tod u,a,j rcorejkaf.a rdcOdksfha w.kqjr
msysfhah' we,smsfha isg j,j .x;Srfha Wvyg msys ire
idrj;a m%foaYhla tod u,a,j rgg wh;a m%foaY f,iska ie,ls'
uyd mksndk iq;%fha i|yka jk mdGhka isysm;a
lrjk mirhla nq., l=iskdrd kqjr wog;a tys .sh
flfkl=g oel.; yelsh' f l=iskdrdj .hkao iys; l=vd
kqjrls' f kqjr msksjka mdkafka ke;sj rc.ykqjr" pmd
kqjr" Y%djia;s kqjr fyda fjk;a m%Odk k.rhl msksjka
mdkakg wdkkao yshka f.!;u nq mshdKkag wdrdOkd l<;a
th fkdms<sf.k f.!;uhka jykafia tysu msksjka md jod<
fial'
f wdldrfhka u,a, rcqf.a Wmj;k k i,a Whfka
msksjka md jod< nq mshdKka jykafiaf.a foayh wdodykh
lsug ilia lrk ,o wdodykd.drh wog;a tys oel.;
- 56 -
yelsh' nq., ydria:dkhg wdikakju msys bvf tk

mqrdoHd wdrlaIs; f wo fuh oel.; yelsh'
u,a,j rcqkag ,enqKq oka; Od;+ka jykafia we;=
wksl=;a Od;=ka jykafia,d ;ekam;a lr je|mqod .kakg oka;
Od;= ukarhla uq,skau fy<u blf<ao fuu u,a,rg l=iskdrd
kqjrh' wog;a fuu o<od ud,s.df kgUqkao tys oel.kakg
we;' ysjvqkak isuy fnda ika f.ka ,nd.;a fnda
wxl=rhla o f wi,u ia:dkhl tod frdamkh lrjd mxpjdi
kka ia:Qm myla o tys blrjd je ms lrkakg mgka
.kakd ,' ta wkqj fuho wguia:dk j,ska tlla njg m;ah'
f.!;u nqmshdKka msksjka md jod< lgdr flgq tu
.,a f,fkys f.!;u nqmshdKka f.a mdo iamYh ,enq nq
ism;=,lao ;ekam;a lr thg jkaokd udk lsulao ta hq.fhau
wdrN h' f wkqj f fy<f wguia:dkhka w;rg
l=iskdrdkqjro we;=<;a h' u,a, rc mrmqf wka;su
iudlhska jq oka; l=ure yd fyauud,d l=uh o<od jykafia
wdrlaId lrf.k mqo mQcd mj;ajkakg ;r ;ukag yelshdjla
fyda Yla;shla fkdjq ksid;a" f jk g wkqrmqr rdcOdksh hqKq
n,j;a rcjreka hgf;a md,kh jQ ksid;a oka;Od;=ka jykafia
fydr ryfiau l=iskdrd kqjr isg wkqrdOmqrhg jvujdf.k
;a tjlg wkqrmqr rcl< ls;ais fujka rcqg Ndr kay'
wkqrmqr rdcOdksfha tf;la ld,hla ;=< oka; Od;=ka jykafia,d
je| mqod.;a njla b;sydifha ,she ke;'
f wkqj ls;ais fujka rcq oji jk g wkqrdOmqrh
wx. imQK fn!oaO w.k.rh njg m;ah' ch uy fnda
wxl=rh" nq ism;=<" is o<od jykafia yd ish fy< wgqjd
fmd;a o f jk g reyqfKa isg wkqrdOmqrhg /f.k ;a
- 57 -
wkqrdOmqr k.rfha ;ekam;a lr ;snq' ta ls%'j' 303 muK jk

gh'
' ieje;akqjr f;jkdrduh

wkqrdOmqr ia;s%lalfha ., kka wo ykajk l
j,ska jg jQ m%foaYh mqrd me;sreKq ft;sydisl mqrdjia;+ka yuq jQ
m%foaYh tod ieje;a kqjr f;jkdrduh hkqfjka ye|skajq
wguia:dkhkaf.ka tlls'
nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia ;u uq,a
ld,h .; lf<a rc.y kqjr fjkdrduh wdY%h lrf.kh'
wfkams~q isgq;=ud iska w,xldr f,i;a" uyd Okhla jeh lrka
., lkafoa kd jkh ;=< f;jkdrduh blr ka miqj
wjidk jir 20 la muKu f.!;u nqmshdKka j;a jqfha;a"
Ouh foaYkd lf<a;a fuu ., f;jkdrduh uq,ia:dkh
lr .kskah'
fldfid,a rdcHh kka tod fy<u foajfy<hg wh;a jQ
m%Odk;u rdcHfha w.kqjr jqfhao ieje;a kqjrhs' .,g
kef.kyska jQ wo uyjkhla iys; jQ m%foaYfha tod fldfid,a
rf w.kqjr jk ieje;a kqjr msysfhah' f m%foaYh miq.sh
jir 1000 lg;a je ld,hlau uy jkfhka jeiS jk.;j
mj;sk ksid iej;a kqjr o b;sydifhkau uelS hkakg we;'
f.!;u nq mshdKka jykafia judkju jevis
hq.fhau' ieje;akqjr f;jkdrdu N+fha uM, ,dNS
NslaIqka jykafia,d oyia .Kkla jdih l< nj wog;a tys
olskakg we;s kgUqka j,ska ukd fia meye,s fjhs' iqo;a;
isgq;=ud iska lrjk ,o fuu iqfYaIs mQcdN+fha fYaI;ajh
- 58 -
jkafka tys ish bl< ydr wdrdu ;ks l.,a j,ska ksu
lsuhs'
f hq.hg wh;a jk f.dvke.s,s ,xldf fy<u iEu
m%foaYhlskau oekg fidhdf.k we;s w;r f ishu ;ekaj,
olskakg we;af;a tlu ;dlaIKhla Wmfhda.S fldg f.k l
.f,kau ksu jQ w;sYsIaG ksudKhka tod f fy<u mqrd is
;snqKq wdldrhhs' ., chfiak hkqfjka w;S;fha iq flfkl=
ms<sn|j ., b;sydi l:df ljqre;a i|yka lr;s' f
., chfiak hkq tod iqo;a; isgq;=udg f;jkdrduh
ksudKh lrkakg w;ys; ka m%Odk ;dlaIK Ys,amshdh' wog;a
., me/kafkda chfiak hk ku isysm;a lrkafka
f.!rjfhks'
f.!;u nqmshdKkag iqo;a; isgq;=ud f;jkdrduh
idojd mQcd l< wdldrhgu tjlg ieje;a kqjr iq ;j;a
uyOk isgqjrfhla hfYdaOrd wry;a f;rhgo tjkau jQ
Ya; wdrduhla idojd mQcd flf<ah' ta ., lkaog ngyska
msys udkEj lkao kka wo ykajk ia:dkfhah' fuu lkao
tod fufy wdrdu lkao hk kka m%isoaO ;snq' .,g
wdikakfhau msys urokalvj, k.rhg ls'g 1 la muK
ka msysgd we;s udkEj lkafoa o ., bl< ydr wdrdu
wx.hka yels;dla rg ta wdldrfhkau ;kjd ilia lr mQcd
lrkakg W;aidy f.k we;s njo fmfkkakg we;' c,h /ia
l< Yd, fmdl=Kq" .,af,ka" ydr wdrdu yd Bg wod< fjk;a
myiql fukau fufyKska jykafia,d 500 lg muK ,e.=
.kakg wjYH l=o fuys wog;a olskakg we;' f ish,a,u
., fukau ;ks l.,skau ksujd ;su fYaI jQ ,laIKhls'
f ia:dk folu tlu hq.hl tlu ;dlaIKfhka ksu l< nj;a
meye,sh'
- 59 -
., kka wo m%isoaOj we;s f;jkdrduh hkqfjka

;s%msglfha" ms;a fmdf;a yd uydjxYfhao k lr we;s fuu
ft;sydisl mQcd N+h tod wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fmr hq.fha
fn!oaOhska jkaokd udk lr.;a wguia:dkj,skao tlla h'
f.!;u nqkaf.au wkqoekqu u; ysjvqkak ch is uy fnda
ikaf.ka ,nd.;a fnda wxl=rhla fuys frdamKh lr thg
wdkkao fndah hkqfjka k lr ta wi<u nq is m;=,a
hq.,hlao msysgqjd tod je ms lr.;a nj b;sydifhka
meye,s fjhs' wdkkao fndah frdamKh lr ;snqfKa oekg
., mqrdoHd jevu f,iska ykdf.k we;s f.!;u
nqmshdKka Wfoid ms<sfh< lr ka .|ls<shg W;=re foiska jq
kd jkfhah' wo f fndaka jykafia fmfkkakg ke;af;a th
uy jkhg hg wNdjhg .sh ksidh' ., lkao jgdu msys
lje wdYs%;j ;j;a mQcd N+ 8lao tod fuys mej;s nj
b;sydifha i|ykah'
' rc.ykqjr - fjkdrduh

rc.ykqjr fjkdrduh tod msysgd ;snqfKa wo wmdr
ia;s%lalhg wh;a" wmdr uyTh mdf rc., mqrd oHd kgUqka
kka wo i|yka lrk Yd, m%foaYhlh' f ys;,h u;
f nqoaO l,amhg wh;a jQ Yd,;u fn!oaO Wreuh msysgd
;snqfKa fu;ekh' ta wmdf rc.,h' wlalr 1600 lg;a je
N+ m%foaYhla mqrd me;s mej;s ydr" wdrdu" od.e" je" jk
Whka" msfjka" oHdh;k" fnfy;a Yd,d" odk Yd,d we;=
ish wx.hkaf.ka iuka; jQ rc.ykqjr fjkdrduh tod
fn!oaO f,dalhdf.a m<uqjeks mQckSh ia:dkh njgo m;a
;s' wiquy Y%djlhska jykafia,df.ka je fofkl=u me
- 60 -
;u b;s ; ld,h f.jqfha fuu rc., jk Whk uq,ia:dkh

lrf.kh' w.ijq iehq;a" uq.,ka hk wry;=ka jykafia,d
foku;a uy m%d{hka jykafia flfkl= jQ uyd lpdhk
wry;=ka jykafia;a ;u ;fha jeu ld,hla .; lr
msksjka md jodf<a rc., msys fuu ia:dkfhah'
f.!;u nqmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a m<uq jk ji
bism;kdrdufha ûeojh wi,& jev jdih l< nj;a bka
miqj t<UqKq jir 25 la muKu .= ld,hla ;=<u jka jr
rc.y kqjr fjkdrdufha jev iq njo ;s%msglfhau
i|ykah'
idr rcq iska md,kh l< u.O rdcH tod msysgd
;snqfKa fuu m%foaYfhah' wmdr ia;%slalh" fudkrd.,
ia;s%lalfha" ," ueo.u wd Yd, m%foaYhla" n,a,
ia;s%lalfha Yd, m%foaYhl=;a tod u.O rdcHhg wh;a h'
u.O rg rcl l< idr rcq tod rc.ykqjr
fjkdrduh idojd f.!;u nqmshdKkag w; mekaj;a lr mQcd
l< nj i|yka we;af;a f fy<f u ,shQ ;s%msglfhah'
fuh f fy<u ;=<u is jq isoahla i bkahdf is
jqjla fkdf' wkqrdOmqrfha rdcOdkshla wdrN lrkakg fmr;a
jir oyia .Kkla mqrdu f fy<f hqKqu rdcHhlaj
mej;sfha f u.O rdcHhs' bkahdjg ka msysgd ;snq ksid;a"
iajNdlju l j,,a,lska yd uvl,mqf l,mq j,ska jg jQ
ksid;a u.O rdcHhg ndysr wdl%uK fyda fjk;a ndysr
ixialD;sl n,mE fyda we;s fkdh' f ksid ldYHm nqoaO
Ydikh mej;s hq.fha mgkau Ou;djfhkau ud. NdIdj
/lS /|S mej;sfha fuu u.O foaYfhah' rc., msys
fjkdrduh wo j,ays le<hg hg mej;=K;a tod fuys
mej;s N+;sh oydmdkakg ;r iu;a mqrd oHd kgUqka
- 61 -
,laI .Kkla wog;a tys b;sj we;'

wfYdal rcq tod bkahdf rc mrmrdj, idudlhska
fidhd iuQ, >d;kh l< wjia:df ys l=udrhd iy
fidfydhqhka ;=kafokd f fy<ug mek;a ;u frd
.kakg iej .;af;a u.O rdcHfha rc.ykqjrh' ta wo
wmdf rc.,h' tod f mqkHN+h b;du;au wdrlaIs;
ia:dkhlaj mej;s njg;a f fyd|u idlaIshls' ys l=ure
ix>;a;d l=uh yd iqukd" iqkkaod l=uhkao rc.ykqjrg
meK fy< ni bf.k f.k" u.O ni bf.k f.k" nqoaO
Ouh bf.k .;af;ao rc., fjkdrdufha msys fn!oaO
oHdh;kfhkah' f.!;u nqkaf.a msksfuka jir 280 lg
muK miqj;a f fn!oaO oHdia:dkh ;=< uM, ,dNS wry;=ka
jykafia,d ish oyia .Kkla jdih l< nj fuhska fudkjg
Tmamq fjhs'
rc.ykqjr Ouh bf.k f.k uyK " uM, ,enQ
ys uy wry;=ka jykafia bkahdf rc mjq,lg wh;ah'
wfYdal rcqf.ao <u kEoEfhls' kuq;a wfYdal rcqf.a mq;%fhl=
k fkdjk nj bkah b;sydi{ nId ;=udo meye,sju
m%ldY lrhs'
ys yshka wkqrdOmqr msys ,xldmqr rdcOdkshg nq
oyu ykajd fokakg tys mefha wmdf rc.ykqjr jdih
l< ld,fhah' tk rc., isg wkqrdOmqrhgh' l,flda,dy,"
hqoh yd wjq,a hjq,a iys;j mej;s W;=re bkahdf f hq.h
jk;=rdjg;a nqoaO Y%djlfhla oel.kakg j;a fkdh' wfYdal
rc;=udo m<uq jrgu nqoaO Y%djlfhl= oel .;af;a ld,sx.
hqoaOh wjika fuka miqj ldf kh wi,h' ldf kh
f;la ol=Kq bkah m%foaYj,g;a f jk g fy<f n,mEu
wkqj nqoaO Ouh jHdma; ;s' biskaneiai., meje;a jQ
- 62 -
Ou pl% n,h ldf k udhs fldg .;a m%foaYh f;lau

n,meje;a jq ksid ldf kh f;lau bkah m%foaY j,o nqoaO
Y%djlhska jykafia,d f hq.h jk g;a jev ishy'
wfYdal rcq hqoaOh w;ayer oud nq oyu je<|.;a miqj
ys yshkao bkahdjg .sh nj;a i;Hhls' kuq;a ys yshka
f fy<ug h<s wdmiq meK ;uka uyK jQ rc.ykqjru ;u
b;s ; ld,ho f.jd tys msksjka md jod< nj;a" ys
yshkaf.a NiaudjfYaI ;ekam;a lf<a wmdf rc., nj;a tys
we;s fi,a,sms u.skao Tmamq we;' rc., mqrdoHd jev f
oekg fidhd f.k we;s fi,a,sms 48 la w;ka" msys .,lu
fldgd we;s tla fi,a ,smshl ys yshkaf.a NIaudjfYaI fuu
ia:dkfha ;ekam;a l< nj meye,sju i|yka lr we;' msys
.,l flgq f fi,a ,smsh wi, u oekg ksoka fydreka ydrd
kdY l< ffp;Hhl kgUqkao wog;a olskakg we;s w;r ta
ffp;Hh ys uy iEh njg;a ;yjqre lrf.k we;'
W;= nqoaO Ouh tod fy< niska ,she ;snqKq fy<
wgqjd ,Sf;a fy< wgqjd fmd;a tod ;ekam;a lr ;snqfKa;a
rc., msysgd ;snq fjkdrdu mqo f fn!oaO oHdia:dkfhah'
fuu fy< wgqjd fmd;a ,shd ;snqfKa mer fy< nisks' fjd
,shqf ;s%msglh ,shd ;nkakg;a jir ish .Kklg fmr
hq.lh' f.!;u nqmshdKka j;aj is hq.fhau nq le,s
wgqjdj kue;s fy< wgqjdj ,shd ;s' uyd m%d{ uyd lpdhk
wry;=ka jykafiaf.a uq,sl;ajfhka ,shejqKq nq le,s wgqjdj
ys yshka wkqrdOmqrhg tk g /f.k wd nj uydjxYfhao
i|yka fjhs'
ix>;a;d fufyka jykafia me jqfhao rc.,
fjkdrdu mqou wi,u msysgd ;snq fufy wdrduhlh'
- 63 -
iqukd" iqkkaod hk fofidfydhqhkao miq l,l tysu uyK

jqj;a miqj isjqre yer fnda.=ma; k l=ure iu jdy jQ nj;a
fnda jxYfha i|yka fjhs' ix>;a;d fufyka jykafia
ysjvqkak ch is uy fnda ikaf.a fnda wxl=rhla wkqrdO
mqrhg fmryka jvujdf.k hkakg .uka wdrN lf<ao"
rc., wmdf fjkdrdufhks' ysjvqkak msysfha rc.,
yd wkqrdOmqrh w;r ueo ia:dkhlh'
f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia msksjka mdkakg fmru
iehq;a uq.,ka wd wiquy Y%djlhska jykafia,d w;ka lsysm
kulau msksjka md jod<y' f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.a Wmfoia
j,g wkqj msksjka md jod< wry;=ka jykafiafi,df.a Od;=ka
;ekam;a lsu i|yd rc., rc.ykqjr fjkdrdu N+fha
ffp;Hhka blr ta Od;=ka jykafia,d tod tys ;ekam;a lrk
,' rc., mqrd oHd jev f fujka ffp;Hhka oyhlg
je .Kkla oekgu;a fidhdf.k we;' f ish ffp;Hhka
wo jk g ksoka fidreka iska ydrd kdY lroud we;' Bg
fya;=j f Od;=ka jykafia,d tod ;ekam;a lr ;enqf r;arka
lr~qj,uh' r;arka fidrd .ekSug ksoka fydreka iska
ffp;Hhka ydrd kdY lr we;'
wksl=;a wguia:dk j,o msysgqjd ;snQ" wdldrfhkau
f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafiaf.au nq md myi ,enQ nq ism;=,a
hq.,lau rc.ykqjro ^rc.,& ;ekam;a lr ydrhla lrjd th
jkaokd udk lr.kakg tod fn!oaOhd mqrej ishy' wog;a
fuu nq ism;=,a hq.,h rc., mqrdoHd jevf ;ekam;a lr
we;' fuu ism;=,a hq.,hka wkqrdOmqr fl!;=ld.drfha
rejkaje,s uy iE i,m;, uf iy biska neiai., hk
ia:dkj, ;ekam;a lr we;s ism;=,a yd iuo iiod n,d
- 64 -
tajdfha tl iudk jQ ,laIK oek ykd.; yelsh' ysjvqkak

msys chis uy fnda if.ka ,nd.;a is ud fnda wxl=rhla
rc.y kqjro frdamKh lr tod u.O rg rc isgqjre yd
uyckhdo je lr.kakg ta w;S;fha mqrej ishy' wo
oe jk.ykhg hg jQ rc., uyjkfha fld;ekl fyda wog;a
f fndaka jykafia judkju we;s nj fmkajd h hq;=h'
rc.ykqjr msys ydr wdrdu 28 lu u.M, ,dNS
NslaIqka yd NslaIqka o tod jev is nj uyd mksndk iQ;%fha
meye,sju igyka we;' uydmksndk iQ;%fha oelafjk
m f.!;u nqmshdKka rc.y kqjka msg;a l=iskdrd kqjr
msksjka mdkakg hk wjika .uk wdrN lrkakg fmr rc.,
ydr wdrdu 28 l jev is ishu NslaIqka yd ix>hd /ialr ta
nj oekq l=iskdrd .uk wdrN l< nj ;s%msglfha i|yka
f'
,xldf - fy< f - tod ,shq ;s%msglfha fukau
,xldfu ,shQ uydjxYfhao ^3 jk mfoh& ,shd ;enQ
fYaI ldrKhla ms<sn|jo wfma wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'
tu l:d mqj; k m<uqjeks Ou ix.dhkdj meje;au
ms<sn|jhs' f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.a msksfuka udi ;=kla .; jQ
wjia:df rc.y kqjr m<uqjk Ou ix.dhkdj meje;a jQ
nj uydjxYfha i|ykah' uydjxYfha f nj fufia ,shd
;enqf th f fy< fu b;sydih ksidhs' bkahdf is jQ
fohla uydjxYfha ,shd ;nd ke;' fuh fyd| isysfhka uOHia:
ukilska l,amkd lrkafkl=g ukdj wjfndaO lr.; yelsh'
fujka Ou ix.dhkdjla tod bkahdf is k
bkahdf ,shq fmd;aj, fyda f,aLk j, i tod ,xldf ,shq
fmd; mf;a fjd fufia i|yka jkakg fya;=jla ke;'
- 65 -
m<uqjk Ou ix.dhkdj meje;aug wcdi;a; rcq

rc.ykqjr fjkdrdu N+fha idod ilia lr ka ima;m
.,a .=ydj wog;a rc., mqrdoHd N+fha ldg;a oel.kakg
we;' tu m%Odk .=ydj yd ta jgd we;s .=yd yhl 500la wry;=ka
jykafia,d tod meje;a jQ m<uq Ou ix.dhkdjg iyNd.Su
i|yd jev is nj uydjxYfha;a ;s%msglfha;a i|yka f'
rc., .,a .=yd ueo msys l=v., hkqfjka wo ykajk l=vhl
yevh .;a .,a.=ydj wog;a rc., oel.kakg we;s ia;
ksudKhls' rc.,g hk kEu flfkl=g wog;a f ima;m
.=ydj ;u oEiskau oeln,df.k uydjxYfha igyka jk
ia;rho lshjd i;Hh jgyd .; yels jkq we;' tod
,xldfu ,shq uydjxYfha fufia i|yka jk f ishu lreKq
,shd oelajqfha tod f fy< fu is jQ isoakau inkaO
lrf.kh' f fy<j is jq fujka i;H isoaka bkahdjg
mjrd fokakg wo;a ls%hd lrkafka mru Pd oDIalhskah'
rc., mqrdoHd N+fha kefkysr udhsf msys wlalr 500la
;r Yd, .,amj;hla wog;a tys hk kEu flfkl=g oel
n,d .; yelsh' mshx., wdr[a[ fiakdikh msgqmi we;s f
Yd, .,a mj ;s%msglfha i|yka jk .scl+g mj;hhs' f
.scl+g mj;h jgdu tys mduq, lgdr flgq .,af,ka Yd,
ixLHdjla wog;a oel.; yelsh' rc.ykqjr fjkdrdu
udhsfu fuu .scl+g mj;h msysgd we;s nj ;s%msglfha
i|yka fjhs' ;s%msglfha .scl+g mj;h ms<sn|j yd
rc.ykqjr ms<sn|j i|yka l< ish lreKq wog;a tys hk
kEu flfkl=g iy;sl fldg ;u oEiskau oel n,d .; yelsh'
.scl+g mj;h md uq, we;s iS; jkh kka wo;a
ykajk ;eklska mdkh i|yd iqiq b;du msis c,h
fkdlvjdu W,am;lska .,df.k tk nj wog;a oel.; yelshs'
- 66 -
f msis mdkSh c,h tod tys jdih l< NslaIqka jykafia,d f.a
myrKh msi .nvd lr /ialr .kakg ta hq.fhau ilia
l< w;sYd, m%udKfha ;ks l .,ska fk md;%hl yevh .;a
c, gexls wog;a fuu fjkdrdu N+fha oel .; yelsh' f
wdldrhg ilia l< l.,a md;%fha c,h .e ishhla j;a
.nvd lrkakg yels njo fmkajd h hq;=hs'
mqrdoHd fomd;fka;=jgj;a ksjer f,iska ld,
ksKh lrkakg fkdyels jQ ;r mer" wkqrdOmqr hq.hg;a
fmr hq.hl Nd;d l< fy< wlaIr j,ska ,shq fi,a,sms 28 la
muK oekgu;a fuu rc., mqrdoHd jevfuka fidhdf.k
we;' fjdfha i|yka jk wl=re wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fmr hq.fha
Nd;d l< fy< wlaIr nj oaj;=kaf.a u;hhs'
wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fmr u.O rdcH hq.fha" tk
f.!;u nqmshdKka judkj jevis hq.fha blrK ,o
rc.ykqjr f.dvke.s,s ^fuu mqrdoHd kgUqka& blr"
ksudKh lr we;af;a ishhg ishhlau ;ks l.,a j,sks'
f.!;u nqmshdKka j;a jQ ta w;S; hq.fha f fy<f
bl< ishu mqckSh ia:dkhka ys moku blr we;af;a ;ks l
.f,ks' nq.," .," ysjvqkak" ;shdh" ukEj lkao"
biskaneiai.," ud,s.d, wd ishu ia:dk j,o wmg wog;a
oel .; yelafla rc.,o oel.; yels wdldr jQ tlu rgdjl
ksudKhkah' tajd .fvd,ska lr jQ ksudK k fkdf'
bkahdf bl< ishu wdlD;s f.dvkexjqfha .fvd,a j,sks'
tod fy<u f.dvkexjQ ishu mQckSh ia:dkj, moku ;ks
l.f,kau f.dvk.d we;s nj fmkajd h hq;=h'
miq l,l ck Y=kH ;;ajhg m;a jQ rc., mqrdjia;= wo
jk g ksoka fydreka iska ydrd jkd rkarejka fidrdf.k
- 67 -
f.dia we;' f rc., mqrdoHd mqou bkahdkq wdl%uK j,ska

lsisod kdY fkdh' mD;=.siSka" ,kafoaiska fyda bx.S%iskao fjd
kdY lf<a ke;' fldx.agka" t'iS'mS'fn,a jeks w;S;
mqrdoHd{hska o fjd .ek f;dr;=re oek isfha ke;'
uypdh mrK;dk uy;dgo wlalr 1600 la muK Yd, jQ
rc.y kqjr kgUqka ish,a,u oel.kakg fkd,e'
wmdr ia;s%lalfha msys ;ju;a ckdjdi fkdjq rc.,"
ks,a.," nqoaOx.," iuka.," mshka., yd kqjr., hk
lj,,a,lska jg jQ f Yd, N+ Nd.h tod u.O rdcHfha
w.kqjr jQ rc.ykqjrh' f.!;u nqmshdKkag mQcd l<
fkdrduh yd ta wdYs%; ydr wdrdu 28 la msys m%foaYh nj
oeka iy;sl lr fmkajd h yelsh' reyqfKa yd kefkysr uq,a
fy< rdcOdks kdY .sh miqjo wkqrdOmqr k.rh w. k.rh
njg m;a jQ hq.hl f rc., m%foaYho l%ufhka j,ays
f.dia u.O rdcOdksh" ,sP rdcOdksh yd j rdcOdksho
YdlH rdcOdksho hk ish,a,u uyjkfhka hg f;dr;=rla
mjd oek.kakgu fkdyels wdldrhgu hgm;a wNdjhgu .sh
njo fmkajd h hq;=h'
uydjxYfha yd ;s%msglfha f ia:dk .ek meye,s
ia;r ,shd ;enqj;a miq lf,l fmd; m; ,shq oaj;=kag f
ms<sn|j is;d.kakg fyda l%uhla ke;s jQ ksid;a" bkahdf
wfYdal rcq bl< wdlD;s ia:dk .ek uOHld,Sk fn!oaOhska
wid oekis ksid;a f ish ia:dk bkahdf msys ;eka
yehg is;d lghq;= lsuo is h' wo j;ajk fy<j
fn!oaOhskag;a fjd oel n,d.kakg Ou;djfhkau f
mqrdoHd /l=fKa f whqkah'
- 68 -
f.!;u nqmshdKka foaYkd lr jod<" ksjka oel.kakg

Wmldr jQ" W;= nqoaO Ouh bf.k .kakg tod foia foia
j,ska uyckhd rc.ykqjrg mehy' mer f,dal fn!oaO
uq,ia:dkh" uOHia:dkh jqfha f fy<f msys tod
rc.ykqjr kka m%isoaO jQ wo rc., k jQ ia:dkhhs' f.!;u
nqmshdKka msksjkamd jod< ld,hg miqj;a" ;j;a jir oyila
muKu .= ld,hl=;a f fn!oaO oHdia:dkh hqKq ;;ajfhka
mej;s kuq;a bka miqj fuh ldgj;au is;d.kakgj;a ne
wdldrhg kdY wNdjhg f.dia ck Y=kH m%foaYhla njgu
m;a h' wog;a ;ju;a th ck Y=kH m%foaYhls'
iuk, lkafoa msysg jQ ism;=,

f.!;u nqmshdKka judkju jevis wjfha iuk,
lkao yd l=rerg m%foaYhka md,kh l< m%dfoaYSh rc;=ud jqfha
iuk rc;=udh' iuk rc;=udf.a wdrdOkfhka tod l=re rgg
jevu lr jod< f.!;u nqmshdKka tla jila tys jia iQy'
fufia jia iq wjia:df ld,h .; lf<a l=rerg msys jd
f,fkysh' wo jd .=ydj hk kka m%isoaOj we;s fuu mj;
f,ka ydrh tod iuk rcq iska f.!;u nqmshdKkag jia
jikakg ms<sfh, lr ilia lr ka ia:dkhhs'
tod iuk rcqf.a rdcOdksh uyshx.kfha isg l=reg
f;lau me;sr mej;s l iys; rdcOdkshls' f rdcOdksfhys
Wiu yd ruhu ia:dkhla jQ iuk, lkao uqfka nq
ism;=,la fldgd tu nq is m;=<g f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.a
mdo iamYh ,nd f.k Bg je| mqod .kakg" uyckhdg
wjia:djla ,nd kafka iuk uy rcqh' f.!;u nq mshdKka
f.ka nqoaO Ouh wid oek fidajdka M,hg m;a jQ iuk uy rc
- 69 -
miqj iuka fohka f,iska ,dxlsl uyck;dj w;f

jkaokdudkhgo md;% h'
wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre hq.j,;a mer rcorejka
wguia:dkhka je|mqod .ekSf ;a iuk, lkao uqfka msysgqjd
;snq nq ism;=,o jkaokd lr.;a nj wfma b;sydifha
meye,sju igyka lr we;' ksiaixlu,a, k fmdf<dkakref
rc l< rcqf.a ld,fha iuk, lkafoa msys nq is m;=,
;ekam;a lr jkaokd lsug me tu rc iska tf;la
wkdrlaIs;j mej;s nq ism;=,g wdrlaIl wdjrKhla ilid
wo mj;sk ;;ajhg th ilia lrk ,' wo wm jkaokd
lr.kafka ksiaixlu,a, rcq iska blrk ,o nq ism;=,
wdjrKh lrk ,o .,a mqjrejgh' f.!;u nqkaf.a nq md myi
,enQ nq is m;=, we;af;a Bg w wgla muK hka wdrlaId
iys;jh'
' fudlaflu ism;=,

fuu wgjeks nq ism;=, msysfha l,amsh uqyq ;Srfha
fl<jrh' l,amsh hkq tod w;S; fy<fha kd. rdcOdkshg
wh;a m%foaYhls' kd. rdcOdkshg-kd.mhg-jevu l< nq
mshdKkaf.a mdo iamYh ,ndf.k tod l,amsfha uqyq
fl<jf msys .,l flgq nq ism;=<la jkaokd udk
lr.ekSug tod kd. rdcOdksfha jeisfhda mqre isfhdah'
uqyq je,af,a uy.,a ;,djl ydrhla lrjd tys nq ism;=,la
fldgjd kd. rc orejka yd uyckhd Bg jkaokd udk lrK nj
oel.;a fj<|du i|yd ,xldjg me wrd fjf<kafodao tod
nq is m;=<g jkaokdudk lrkakg mqre jQy'
- 70 -
mD;=.siska ,xldjg me miqj tod l,amsfha

fudlaflu msys uqyq uy ydrh n,fldgqjla njg m;alr tys
.,alvd ydrh kdY lf<ah' oeka f jk g l,amsfha
fudlaflu ,xld kdl yuqodjg wh;a kdl yuqod l|jqrls'
fuys wog;a f.!;u nqkaf.a md myi ,enQ nq is m;=, wdrlaId
mj;S'
wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh wdrN lrkakg fmr w;S;
hq.fha f fy<f j;a jQ fn!oaO rcorejka yd uyck;dj
je|mqod .;af;a nq ism;=,g yd chis uy fndaka
jykafiagh' ta hq.fha nq ms<su jkaokdudk lsf is;la f
fy< u ;=< fkdh' ksjka oel .ekSf taldhk mrud:fhka
nqoaO Ouh wkq.ukh l< Ôudkq Ou m%;smodj wkq.ukh
l<& fy< fn!oaO msi f.!;u nqmshdKka f.a msksfuka
jir 900 la muK ld,hla .; jk ;=re;a f wguia:dkhka
je|mqod .ekSf is;la tod fy<j mej;sKs' wkqrdOmqr
rdcOdksfhao miq lf,l wg uyd ia:dkhka blr jkaokd udk
lrkakg mgka .;af;a mer wguia:dkhka wkqrdOmqrhg
b;du r neyer m%foaYj, msys neks' miqj fmdf<dkakrefo
fujeksu wguia:dkhka blr jkaokd udk l< njla
oel.kakg we;' rdcOdksh fjkiau;a iu.u wguia:dkhkao
fjkia jQ nj ms;a fmdf;a i|yka ydr wiafkka mye,s fjhs'
,xldf nq ms<su jkaokdj mgka.;af;a ls%ia;= jI
;=kajk fyda y;rjk ishjfia muKh' bkahdf wdrN jQ
uydhdk nqoaOd.f nq ms<su jkaokdj b;du ckms%h wx.hla jQ
w;r f is; fy<ugo jeoao .ekSu ksid miqld,Sk ,dxlsl
fn!oaOhdo wo uq,a;ek we;af;a nqms<su jkaokdjgh'
nqoaOd.u bkahdf isg ,xldjg f.kdfh hk u;h f.dv
ke=fKa o fujeks jQ fndfyda fn!oaO ixialD;sl wx.hka yd
- 71 -
mqomQcd l%u bkahdfjka ,xldjg wdkhkh lr f.kd ksidh' f

wkqj k wo ,xldf woyk nqoaOd.f fndfyda wx.hka
bkahdfjka ,xldjg f.kd tajdh'
.=ma; md,k hq.fha;a" l=Idka rc fm<m; mej;s hq.fha;a
uydhdk nqoaOd.u bkahdj ;=< b;du hqKq ;;a;ajhlg m;a
h' foaj wd.j, n,mE f,iska fmd uyckhdf.a Nla;sh
l=.eka jQ mqo mQcd l%u" j;ams<sfj;a" iCOdhkd l%u" fmryer
meje;au" Yo mQcd" fnr ojq,a .eiSu yd fjk;a fndfyda
ckm%sh wx.hka fy<ugo l%ufhka we;= msis nqoaO
Ouh yd ksjka olsk ms<sfj;a msf u jeiS .sfhah' ksjka
m;k" Nla;sfhka wd.u weoyq msila ,xldfo ysh' yq ck
myka ixf.h i|yd;a" idxialD;sl wx.hka f,i;a iudc iqn
idOkh i|yd;a" nqoaOd.u kug muKla woyk msila f
fy<u ;=<o ysu fuys m%;sM,hhs'
tod nqoaO foaYh" Ou mh" Ou rdcHh" f,daflkau
W;= rg" r;ak mh wd reodj,s ,;a nqka ckauh ,enQ f
W;= rg Ou mh f wdldrfhka kdYh lrd .sfhah'
wfma b;sydi l:d fmd;aj," uydjxYfha" mjxYfha"
fndajxYfha" :Qm jxYfha fyda fjk;a lsisu fmd;l fyda k
i|yka jk lsisu fy<u rc flfkl= wguia:dkh
je|mqod.kakg bkahdjg .sh nj k i|yka fkdf'
,xldfu ,shq w;a:id,skS kue;s .%ka:fha meye,sju ,shd
igyka lr we;s m k wfma fy< rcorejka fy<u msys
wguia:dkhka je|mqod .kakg rc fmryfrka tod wguia:dk
lrd .uka l< nj k ^meye,sju& i|yka fjhs'
fy<u tod mej;s wguia:dk je|mqod .ekSf fuu
is;g wkqj wfYdal uyrc ;=udo wguia:dkhla bkahdfo
- 72 -
blr tajdg jkaokd .uka .sh njo meye,sju fmkajd h

yelsh' wfYdal Ys,d ,smsj, i|yka jkafka wfYdal rcqf.a f
jkaokd .uka .ekh' wfYdal rcq ish wd. i|yd ;ek jQ
fuu fmd wguia:dkhka Ys,d;Hh rcqf.a md,k iuh jk g"
Ysj wd.f" fo wd.f" yska wd.f wguia:dkhka njg
m;aj ;snq nj jHdjodkh" ,,s; ia;rh jeks ixialD;
fmd;aj, meye,sju igyka lr we;'
7' is inq" is i;a Ouh yd is,la forK
wm Wmka f is,la forfKysu Wm; ,nd" nqoaO;ajhg

m;a jQ tfukau is i;a Ouho foaYkd l< f.!;u nqmshdKka
j;a jQ ta w;S; hq.fha f fy< fu j;a jQ fmd uyckhd
fukau rc isgqjrekao f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia ye|skau
i|yd Nd;d lrk ,o f.!rjkSh fYaIK kduhla h' ta
kduh k is hk kduhhs'
is o<od i is oka;Od;=ka jykafia" is o<od" is
uy fnda i" is uy fnda wxl=r" is ud fnda olaIsK YdLdj" nq
is m;=," is md iufkd<" is md" nq ismd" is foiau" is i;a
Ouh" is jreK" is uj uy is i .K
is ,la u" is,la foaYh" is foaYh" is ,xld" is
i. fudla" is ksjka" is iem'
f wdldrfhka yeu fhulu is hk fYaIK kduh
Nd;d lf<a f.!;u nqkag" f.!;u nqoaO Ouhg" f.!;u
nqkaf.a Ydl Od;+kag" mdfNda.sl yd WoafoaYsl jia;=kag
- 73 -
fukau f.!;u nqka jev is f mh ykajkakgu nj yeu

glu wd fy<hkaf.a nia jyfrys Nd;d l< fujka fYaIK
mo j,ska meye,s fjhs'
f.!;u is mdo j|S iufkd< lkafoa
hkqfjka w;S;fha fukau wo;a fy<j fn!oaOhd iufkd<
ismd j|skakg hk nj ljqre;a okakd fohls'
nq is m;=< nq is md" iufkd< is md" is mdo lkao
wd moj,ska tod fy<u fn!oaOhd is hk fYaIK mofhka
ye|skajqfha f.!;u nq mshdKka jykafiaguh'
plaljrxls; r;a; iqmdfoda wd jYfhka tod .d:djka
mo ne| nq is mdo moaufhys ;snq tlish wgla jQ fYaI
,laIK isysm;a lrka jkaokd udk lr.;af;a f rfu
jevjdih l< f.!;u nq mshdKka jykafiaf.au is mdo
moauhkaguh'
f.!;u nq mshdKka jir y;<sia myla mqrdjgu foaYkd
l< W;= nqoaO Ouh is ioaOuh is foiau hkqfjka tod
w;S; fy< fmd;am;a j, i|yka h' is ioy u wd
jYfhka wog;a fy<u fn!oaOfhda is hk fYaIK moh
nqoaO Ouhg;a Nd;d lr;s'
is uy fnda i" is uy fnda wxl=r" chis uy
fndah" wkqrmqr ch is uy fndah wd jYfhka wog;a" is
hk fYaIK mofhka wei;= fndah ykajkq ,ef' tod
f.!;u nqmshdKkag ta W;= nqoaO ;;a;ajhg m;a f msg
ug Wmldr jQ wei;= .ig miq l,l fy<u jeisfhda is uy
fndaka jykafia hk f.!rj kdufhka wduka;%Kh lf<a nqka
isysm;a lrkakguh' tf;la ld,hla wei;= .i f,iska f,dalhd
- 74 -
ye|skajq jDlaIh ka u;=jg is uy fndaka jykafia njg m;a

h'
jir 2600 lg fmr f.!;u nqkag nqoaO;ajhg m;aug
Wmldr jQ W;= chis uy fndaka jykafia msys .f kuo f
wdldrhgu fjkia h'
is jevWkak .u hkqfjka fuu .ug tod w;ska
kula wdfrdamkh lr Nd;d l< w;r th wojk g is jev
Wkak .u ysjvqkak .u f,iska jHjydrhg m;aj lgjyrg
mqre lrf.k we;' f .f kshu ksjer ku is jev Wkak
.u hkakhs'
f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafiaf.a Ydl Od;= yd flai
Od;=ka ;ekam;a lr b l< fjfyr ydr Od;= ukar
ish,a,gu;a is o<od uer" is oka; Od;= ukar" is o<od
lr~qj" is ,,dg Od;=j wd jYfhka fy<u jeisfhda wo;a is
kka k lr;s'
f.!;u nqmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a fkdfnda klskau
;miaiq N,al k fj<| fonEhkag ,nd ka flai Od;=ka
jykafia,d ;ekam;a lr Tjqka iska tod b lrk ,o iEh wo
.sy~q iEh hehs kh' th b l< ia:dkh wo ;shdh kka
k lr we;'
tod uq,au hq.fha fuu iEh is y~q iEh hk kka k
lr ;snqKs' is y~q iEh hkqfjka f iEhg tod k lf<a
f.!;u nqkaf.au flai Od;= j,g is y~q hk ku tod Nd;d
l< neks' tod f is y~q ;ekam;a l< m%foaYh is hdh
kka k lr ;s' is y~q iEh" .s y~q iEh njg;a" is
hdh" ;shdh njg;a Nd;fhkau fjkia h' tod wE;
w;S;fha fy<u jeisfhda nq.=K jKkdj is jreK
- 75 -
f,iskao nqkag je ms l< ;ek is uj f,iskao ta

ms<sfj;a nq is;a f,iskao k lr Nd;d lrkakg mgka.;ay'
f wkqju tod f.!;u nqka j;a jQ rg "nq nK foaYkd
l< foaYh" mh is ,lau" is foaYh hkqfjkao Nd; u
ish' f is,l" tis,l" tisnr fuis,l is,la forK
wd jYfhka is hk fYaIK moh fhdod is ,xldj hk f
ku wm rgg fufia Nd;hg ,enqfKa f.!;u nqka jykafia
ksiduh' f.!;u nqka f mfha Wmka ksiduh' f rfu
nqoaO;ajhg m;a jq ksiduh' f mh nqoaO foaYh nj lshd
mdkakgu is foaYh f,iskao tod f ku Nd;d lrk ,'
is foafia jeisfhda lsmS hehs mer fy< lhlao we;' f
wkqj wfma fy<jhskg f.!;u nqkaf.a nqoaO;ajhg m;au
k W;= isu;a iu.u is foaYh" is ,la forK" is ,xld
hk kduhka f.ka fYaIK mohlao iys;j tod f,dalhd fmd;
mf;ys mjd ,shd ;enq nj fmfka'
miq lf,l is hk W;= kduh hk ixialD; moh
^jpkh& yd mg,jd f.k ixialD; iqka.drd;aul n,mEu
ksidfjka is ,xld" is foaYh hkak ,xld hehs k flKs'
f rg is ,lau" is foaYh" is ,la forK i ,xld
fkdf' is hkqfjka fYaIfhkau f rgg tod Nd;d lf<a
f.!;u nqkag i;a jrla mQcdl< f mfha f foaYfha we;s
inkaOh fmkau i|ydu l< mer w: .ekaula ksid i
fuh wyfnka ,enq K q kduhla ks i d fkdjk nj
wjOdrKfhkau is ,la u jeishka isysm;a lr.; hq;=h'
oek.; hq;=h'
ksjer fy< jyr is hkak i hkak fkdf' is
Oud,xldr hk kduho f wkqju Ou;djfhkau ,enqKq
- 76 -
w: Ou iys; jQ fYaIK kduhls' is ioaOuh u;=lr"

f,dalhdg foaYkd lrka mD:.ack f,dalhdf.a oy mji ksjd
oukakg" ixidr .egfjka f,dalhd uqojd,kakg u lshd
fokakg nqoaO Ouh foaYkd lsu is Oud,xldr hk
kdufha Ou w:hhs' wo f wdldrfhka bgq lrkq ,nk f hq.
fufyjr is i;a Ouh foaYkd lr is i. fudla i|yd u
jD; lruhs' fuys fjk;a f,!lsl mrud:hla we;af;au
ke;'
f wkqidrfhka meye,s lr fokafka tod w;S;fha f
fy<u j;a jQ fn!oaOhska f.!;u nqmshdKkag fukau
f.!;u nq mshdKka foaYkd l< Ouhg" Woafoaisl mdfNda.sl
yd Ydl Od;=ka jykafia,dg is hk ku Nd;d l<
wdldrhhs' f wkqju is,la u hk kuo f fy<ug Nd;d
fl' f,dalfha fjk;a lsisu rglg is hk ku f
w:fhka Nd;d jkafkao ke;'
8' pl%j;s rdc ixl,amh yd ila;s rc mrmqr
pl%j;s rdc ixl,amh ms<sn|j lreKq ,she we;af;a

,xldfu tod ,shq ;s%msglfhah' plalj;a;s isykdo iQ;%h"
plalj;a;s iQ;%h wd iQ;% lsysmhlu jl%j;s rcqka ms<sn|j
f;dr;=re ;s%msglfha ,she we;' g wu;rj nqoaO p;fha;a
f ms<sn|ju igyka we;'
nq isf;a tk isy;a l=udfrda;am;a;sh is fuka miqj
k ;nkakg wis; ;jqid we;= wNs{d,dNS ;jqika rc f.org
- 77 -
le|jd l=ure fmkajQ l< fuu l=udrhd u;= ila;s rcq

jkafkah' tfia ke;s k nq jkafkah hk m%ldYh ;jqika
fndfydauhlf.a u;h h' f m%ldYh lrk ;jqika wNs{d ,;a
wh ksid fuu m%ldYh ;=<ska .uH jk tla i;Hhla wmg u;=lr
.; yelsh'
f i;Hh k f,d;=rd nq flfkl= nq jkafka k ta
hq.fha ila;s rcflfkl= rcfkdjk nj;a ila;s rc
flfkl= rdcH;ajhg m;ajkafka k ta hq.fha nq flfkl=
nqoaO;ajhg m;a fkdjk nj;ah' f is folu" tk" nqka
nqoaO;ajhg m;au;a" rcflfkl= ila;s rc njg m;au;a
hk folu tl hq.hl" tlg iu.dj is fkdjk
wNjHhfohls hkakhs'
f uska Tmamqjk wfkla i;Hh k ishu nqjreka
nq jk f fy< fu i f ys;,h u; fjk;a lsisu
;ekl rgl pl%j;s rc flfkl=ka Wm; ,nkafkao" rc
lrkafkao ke; hkakhs'
;j;a tl jeo.;a lreKla fuys fmkajd h yelsh'
plalj;a;s isykdo iQ;%fha fmkajd fok m pl%j;s rdc
iuhl ta pl%j;s rcjre oirdc Oufhkau rdcHh lrj;s'
uyckhd nyq;rhlao Oudkql+,ju ;u meje;au f.k h;s'
rcq idOdrKh' md,lfhda idOdrKh' ta ksid ksiqkag ml
lrkakg lsisu wjYH;djhlao ke;' mskal lr.kakg yels
iEu mirhlau iEu w;skau tys ilia fjhs' kuq;a mskal
lrka iem im;a |ska .=l,a j;a jk mD:.ack ksiqkag
l wjfndaO lr.kakg wjia:djla tys fkd,efnhs' ta ksid
mskal ila l=i,a lr" l=i,iai Wmimod lr.ekSug
ksiqkag oekSula ,nd.kakg l%uhla pl%j;s rfcl=f.a md,k
- 78 -
hq.fha ke;s fjhs' fujka hq.hl ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg

ksiqkag l%uhla fyda yelshdjlao ke;' ksjka oel.ekSf
wjYH;djhla we;af;ao ke;' Bg fya;=j l w,amuhs' l
wju uhs' iudch hym;ah' w. ysl ke;' rcq ij
idOdrKh' oi rdc Ouhu rlsk rcq wkq.ukh lrk ishu
weu;sjre yd rg jeisfhdao oi wl=i,fhkau je<lS mskal
lrka mska mqrka .= l,a jdih lr h mrf,dj h;s'
pl%j;s rcjreka rdcHh lrk iuh fufia mska mqrd.;a"
u;= ksjka oel .kakg ;r jdikdj ,enQ fo ksiqka fndfyda
fldg ysjk hq.hla ksid bka miqj t<fUk hq.h ksh;
jYfhkau nq flfkl=f.a Wm;la ,nk nqoaO l,amhlao
jkafkauh' pl%j;s rdc iuhl ksiqkag fyda fohkag fyda
ksjka oel .kakg l%uhlao ke;' l=i,a hkq l=ulaoehs okakd
l=i,a ykk flfkl=o tys ke;' oyfid~ cd;lfha o f
mqj; i|ykaj we;' mfia nqjrfhl=g i fjk;a lsisu
flfkl=g fujka hq.hl ksjka oel.kakg o fkdyelsh'
f wkqj f,d;=re nq flfkl= nqoaO;ajhg m;ajk nqoaO
l,amhlg fmr - nq flfkl=kaf.a Wm; ,nkakg fmr yeu
gu ila;s rc mrmqrla ys rc ksjka olskakg ;r
n,j;a mskal lr.;a mskamsrE Yd, ksiqka fohka iuQyhla
ilia ys uo Ou;djfhkau ish hq;=uh' fuh mqf;
l: mq[a[;d hq.h f'
f ish foau is jkafka;a f fy<u ;=<uh'
w;S;fha ish nqmshdKka jykafia,d nqoaO;ajhg m;a jqfha;a
w;S;fha ish pl%j;s rcjreka rcl lf<a;a" f fy<mh"
f,daflkau W;= rg uQ,ia:dkh lrf.kuh' bkahdf fyda
f,dalfha fjk;a lsisu rgl fyda fujka W;a;u is isoaOug
k wjldYhla ke;af;auh' tjka Yaj Yla;shla flaka .;
- 79 -
mj;skafka f ys;,fha uOH ,laIh jQ fy<mh kka f

hq.fha wm ykajk wm Wmka wfmau ckanqoamfhysuh' is
,lafuysuh'
nqoaO idys;Hfha ;s%msgl idys;Hfha fla;=u;S k
rdcOdkshla u;= ys jk nj i|ykaj we;' ta .ek fndfyda
ia;ro f;dr;=reo wm wid oekf.k we;' f nqoaO l,amh"
tk f.!;u nqoaO Ydikh" wjika jir ^111& tlish
tfld<y lg miqj f fy< fu fla;= kka rc mrmqrla ys
oirdc Oufhka rcl lrk pl%j;s rcjreka f,dj
rclrkakg mgka .kakd hq.hla u;= tkafkah'
f.!;u nqoaO Ydikh judkj mj;sk ;=re" l=i,a
mqrdf.k ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg ud.h judkj mj;sk
;=re" ^f hq.h mK oyila ^p;=rdh i;Hhka mK mj;sk
hq.h& hehs ;s%msglfha i|ykaj we;'& tk tod biskaneiai .,
bism;kdrdufha f.!;u nqmshdKka meje;a jQ Ou pl%fha
n,h ^mK& mj;ajk ;=rdjg fo ksiqkag ksjka wjfndaO
lr.kakg;a yelsfjhs' ta f.!;u nq mshdKka tod meje;a jQ
Ou pl%h mj;ajd f,djg ksl=;a l< nqoaO Yla;sh wjika jQ g
bka miqj tk hq.h l<s hq.hla jkafkah' l<shq.h hkq flf<ia
iys; jQ ksiqkaf.ka ms ml lrk ksiqka nyq, hq.hlah
hkakhs' l<shq.hg Bg miqj l,am kdih;a kej;;a pl%j;s
rdc hq.h;a ysfjhs'
f wkqj iEu f,d;=rd nq flfkl=f.au nqoaO;ajh
,nkakg fmr hq.h pl%j;s rdc hq.hla uo ksh; jYfhkau
Ou;djfhkau isoaO jkakls'
ffu;s%h nqka nqoaO;ajhg m;ajkakg fmr fla;= k
pl%j;s rc mrmqrla u;= f fy<f rcl lrkafkah' fuys
- 80 -
rcjreka 7 fofklau pl%j;s rcjreka f,iska Odlj rcl

lr ksiqkag msx mqrd.kakg" msxl lr.kakg wjia:dj ,nd
fo;s' bka miqj pl%j;s rc mrmqr wjika jir 99 lg miqj"
ffu;s% nq mshdKkaf.a nqoaO;ajhg m;a uo is jkafkah'
f.!;u nq mshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jkakg fmr hq.fha
f fy< fu rdjKd kka pl%j;s rdjK rcqka 7 fofkl=u
rc lf,ah' tu rdcH ld,h wjika fuka miqj pl%j;s
n,Yla;sh wys .sh 8 jeks rdjK rcq rdudhkfha i|yka jk
wo wm okakd rdjKd rcqh' fndfyda f;r;=re rdudhkfhao
i|yka jk fuu rdjKd rc;=udo pl%j;s mrmqfu flfkls'
kuq;a pl%j;s n,;, ish,a,u wfydaiS .sh rdjKd rc
flfkl= yd rdu k bkah rc flfkl= w;r;a hqoaOh we;sh'
pl%j;s rc flfkl=g hqoaO lr n,h md rgj,a kd.ekSula
wjYH fkdf' pl% r;akh Nd;d lr Ou;djfhkau f,dj
ish rgj,a yd rcjrekao ;u md,khg Ou;djfhkau wjk;
lr .ekSf yelshdjla yd n,hla pl%j;s rcqka i;=j mj;s'
,xldf wm wid we;s rdudhkfhao i|yka jk wo fndfyda
fokdf.a jdo jdo j,g Ndckh jQ 8 jeks rdjKd rcq" wka;su
y;ajeks pl%j;s rdjKd rcqg miqj rcq jQ Tyqf.au mq;%hdh' oi
rdc Ouhka |Su ksid Tyqg pl%j;s n,h yd ila;s rclu
wys h' Tyq idudkH mdrml rc flfkla mu' f wkqj
rdu - rdjKd mqjf;a i|yka jk rdjKd rcq ila;s mrmqrgu
wh;a idudkHh rc flfkls'
f.!;u nqka nqoaO;ajhg m;ajkakg jir 242 lg fmr
hq.hl f fy<fu ta wjika pl%j;s rdjKd rcq rcl
lf<ah' f wdldrhg rdjK mrmrdjgu wh;a jQ pl%j;s
rcjre 7 fofklau f fy ld,hla rc lrka
- 81 -
f.!;u nqoaO Ydikfha ksjka oel .kakg ;r msxl

lr.kakg;a Yd, msilg wjia:djla i,id kay'
ldYHm nqmshdKka jykafia nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ hq.fha
fuu ckanqoamhu uxvmh kka ye|skah' uxvmfha ldYHm
nqmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;ajkakg fmr ;drl kka pl%j;s
rcjre 14 fofklau w;s > ld,hla rcl l<y' ldYHm
nqmshdKkaf.a hq.fha fndfyda fo ksiqkag ksjka oel .kakg
wjia:dj ,enqfKa w;s> ld,hla ;=< msxmsrE ksiqka ysf
fya;=j ksiduh'
f wdldrfhkau fldaKd.u nqmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg
m;ajkakg fmr hq.fha n,s kka pl%j;s rc mrmqrla f
ckanqoamh ;=<u ila;s rcl l<y' tl, f mh Tc mh
kka h' n,s pl%j;s rcjre 7 fofklau ta hq.fhao rcl
l<y'
ll=i| nqka nqoaO;ajhg m;ajkakg fmr hq.fha f
mh jr mh kka ye|skah' ukaod;= kka ila;s
rcjreka 5 fofkl= Bg fmr hq.fha rcl l< njo fmkajd
h hq;=h'
ffu;s% nqmshdKka u;= nqoaO;ajhg m;afuka miqj tk
hq.fha f fy< f pl%j;s rc mrmqrla ys fkdjk ksid
Ouh kdY wOuhu rchkakgu mgka .kS' f ksid f
hq.h wjidkfha f,dal kdYhla is jkakgu ish ksiqka
wOufhkau ls%hd lrk hq.hla njg;a m;afjhs' f,dal
kdYfhka miqj kej; i;aj jdih i|yd kqiqiq ;;a;ajhg f
ys;,h m;a u isjk ksid uyd N l,amhla mqrdjgu f
ys;,h u; nq flfkl=ka nqoaO;ajhg m;a ula is jkafkao
ke;'
- 82 -
uyd iu; rc mrmrdfjka wdrN jQ fuu uyd N

l,amh ffu;S% nqkaf.a nq u;a iu.u Wodjk nqoaO l,amho
wjika hdu;a iuu l l,lskau wnqoafOda;amdo ld,ho
wjika f,dal kdYh uo isjkafkah' uyd jxYfha m<uqjk
mffofhao f nj i|yka fjhs'
wm Wmka f fy< f yer f ys;,h u; fjk;a
lsisu rgl" fjk;a lsisu mhl ila;s rc flfkl=f.a rcu
fyda nq flfkl=f.a nqoaO;ajhg m;au fyda isoaO ulao
fkdjkafkah' ys;,fha uOH uKav,h" tk mDfha uOH
,laIfha hym;a fl<jr msysgd we;af;a f wm Wmka fy<
fh' tys whym;a wka;h' fl<jr msysgd we;af;a nhqvd
;s%fldaKh kka wo f,dalhd ykajk wksla fl<jfh' f
ksidu f mh" f rg" f,daflkau W;= rg" fmr. uq;= wegh"
r;ak mh" ckanqoamh" Ou mh wd O fYaIK moj,ska
w;S;fha mgkau f,dalhd ykajd we;'
ila;s rcjrekaf.a .;s ,laIKhka yd n,hka .ek
;s%msglfha plalj;a;s isykdo iQ;%fha ia;r jYfhkau lreKq
i|yka lr we;' fn!oaO ;s%msgl idys;Hfha yer f,dalfha fjk;a
lsisu ft;sydisl fmd;l" m;l idys;Hhl fyda pl%j;s rcqka
.ek i|yka jkafka ke;' ila;s rcq hkq nqoafOda;amdo ld,hla
fkdjk wnqoafOda;amdo ld,hlu rcl lrk" oirdc Ouhu
wkq.ukh lrk" wkdh OHdkhka yd wNs{d n,hka ,nd.;a
w;s Wiia udkisl Yla;shlska yd pl%r;akh" y;a r;akh" wiai
r;akh" ur;akh" b;ar;akh" .ym;s r;akh yd mkdhl
r;akh hk r;ak y;la yslr .;a rc flfkls' fujka hq.hl
i;r i;s mGdkh" i;a; fndcx. wGdx.sl ud.h hkdh
imQK lr.kakg wjYH oekqu" m%{dj" ksiqkag ,nd.;
fkdyelsh' fjd .ek weiq msrE ;eka we;s who rf f,dalfha
- 83 -
ke;' f hq.h yeu flfkl=kau f,!lsl iqjhka |ska" mskal

lrka iqjfia ld,h f.jk hq.hls'
j;udkfha f,dalh ;=< is jkakdla fuka ksiqka ;,d"
fm,d" hqoaO lrka" oe kS;s ;s mkjd" ffj is;ska"
wOufhka rgj,a hg;a lr .ekSula fyda wrdcHhka ys
lsula fyda pl%j;s rdcHhl .;s ,laIK fkdf' ish iem
im;a ,efnkafka Ou;djfhkauh' pl%r;akh ls%hd;aul
fuka Ou;djfhkau ish rgj,a" ish rcjre" pl%j;s
rcqf.a wkilg wjk; fjhs' lsisfjl= pl%j;s rc flfkl=g
reoaO ug mjd fkdis;;s' fujeks Odl" W;= ila;s
rcjre w;S;fha f fy<f rcl l<y' f,dalhu md,kh
l<y' ila;s - pl%j;s - hk reodj,sh" reodj,s kduh
idudkH mD:.ack mqoa.,fhl= iska ;u Nd;hg fhdod
.;af;d;a ta mofha kdufha we;s n,h orkakg fkdyels ta
mqoa.,hd buy;a la .eyegg m;a uo ksh; is uls' f
wkqj pl%j;s kduh oeug k oirdc Oufhka yeis
Oufha n,h ,nd.; hq;=uh'
9' uydjxYh - ;s%msglh yd nqoaO NdIs;h
f.!;u nqmshdKka ud. nia jyfrka jir y;<sia

myla mqrdjgu f fy< f f,dalhdg foaYkd lr jod< nqoaO
Ouh fma<s jYfhka fm< .iajd lgjyfrka jk fmd;a lrf.k
mrmrdfjka mrmrdjg mj;ajdf.k hkakg iqiq f,iska
ilia lrk ,oafoa Wkajykafia judkju jev is hq.fhauh'
wiquy Y%djlhska jykafia,d w;kau ta fjkqfjkau ls%hd l<
- 84 -
uyd liaim uy ry;ka jykafia" wdkkao ry;ka jykafia wd

msila tod f oy fm< .iajd mj;ajdf.k wdfjdah'
m<uqjk Ou ix.dhkdj meje;af ft;sydisl mqj;
f,dalhdg fy<s olajkafka;a f ,xldfu ,shq uyd jxYfha
;=kajk mfofhks' uyd jxYh ,xldfu ,shq fmd;la
nj;a iy;sl k" tys ,shd ;enqf ,xldfu b;sydih nj;a
iy;sl k" uydjxYfha ,shd olajk f m<uqjk Ou
ix.dhkdj rc.ykqjr meje;af l:d mqj;ska olajkafka;a
uydjxYfhau k" fuh f fy< f" fy<u ^rc.,&
rc.ykqrj isoaO jqjla nj kEu flfkl=g ;SrKh l<
yelsh' fujka ix.dhkdjla Ndr; foaYfha tod meje;a k
ta nj Ndr;fha iuld,skj ,shq fmd;a m;a j,o i|yka h
hq;=ju ;s' kuq;a tfia i|yka ke;' fuu Ou ix.dhkdj
meje;au i|yd jevu l< W.;a h;a 500 la jq uyd wry;=ka
jykafia,d jevu lr jodf<a rc.ykqjr rc., wdYs%;j tjlg
msysgd ;snq ydr wdrdu 28 lska yd reyqfKa is;=,amj"
ud,s.d," >jdmsh" l=., wd k j,ska wo m%p,s;j we;s
wdr[a[ fiakdik j,skah' bkahdf fujka Ou
ix.dhkdjla meje;a jQ nj m%ldY lsu uyd uq<djls'
l=iskdrd kqjr ^wo nq.,& f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.a
msksjka mEu is udi ;=klska miqj rc.y kqjr" wmdf
rc., m<uqjk Ou ix.dhkdj meje;ajQ nj wf,fka
f,aLk .; l< ;s%msglfhao i|yka f' f wkqj ,xldfu ,shq
uydjxYh yd ;s%msglh hk fmd;a follu i|yka jk f
m<uqjk Ou ix.dhkdj meje;af isoah fy< f is jQ
ft;sydisl isoahla i bkahdf fyda Ndr;fha is jQ fohla
f,i m%ldY lsu wufkda{ ls%hdjla nj;a fmkajd ug
leue;af;'
- 85 -
tjlg u.O foaYfha md,lj is wcdi;a; rc iska

m<uq Ou ix.dhkdj meje;au i|yd ilia lr ka
ima;m .=ydj yd mjdr .=ydfm< fukau wry;=ka
jykafia,d 500 kulg wjYH wfkl=;a ish myiql i,id ka
wdldrh wog;a wmdf rc.,g hk kEu flfkl=g;a oel
.; yelsh'
Ou ix.dhkdjlg iqiq fia Yd, .,a l=vhl yevhg
ilialr .;a jfgu jd iem myiqjg wry;=ka
jykafia,dg jev ish yels fia ilia l< f ima;m .=ydj
f fy<u wog;a oel.kakg yels iau lu ksudKhls'
fuh wog;a oel n,d .; yels wdldrfhkau rc., /lS
wdrlaId mj;S'
uydjxYh yd ;s%msglh ,sfuka jir 800 lg muK
miqj ,shq fndajxYh" :QmjxYh" Od;+jxYh fukau
fmdf<dkakre hq.fha ,shQ fndfyduhlau fn!oaO idys;H .%ka:
j,o f ish foa ms<sn|ju wkqudk jer u; m%ldY lr" f
ish,a,u bkahdjg msgux lsu lr we;af;ao wfmau rf
fmd;a ,shq uOHld,Sk .;al;=jreka isks' ta mD:.ack mo mru
i;Hh fkdokakd .;shhs' fmdf<dkakre hq.fha" oUfo hq.fha"
.m, hq.fha isxy, yd md,s fmd;a ,shq yeu l;=jrfhl=gu
bkah n,mE fukau" uydhdk nqoaOd.f n,mEo we;su
ksid nqoaOd.u yd nqoaO Ouh fjkafldg wjfndaO lr.kakg
;r Tjqkag OudjfndaOhla fkdjQ nj;a" tu hq.fha ,shq
iqx.drd;aul jKkd;aul f,!lsl fn!oaO idys;Hh fmd;a m;a
j,ska ukdj meye,s fjhs'
W;= nqoaO Ouh Wm; ,enqf;a" tod judkju
mej;=fKa;a" wo mj;skafka;a" u;=jg mj;skafka;a f W;=
- 86 -
fy< fu muKla nj uu kej;;a wjOdrKfhkau m%ldY lr

is'
nuqKq u; ork" nqoaOd. f,an,h .id.;a fndfyda
momru mqoa.,hska W;= nqoaO Oufha fmkajd jod< mru
i;Hhka hgm;a lrkakg" jid ;nkakg wo;a n,j;a fiau
W;aidyhl fhfok njo wjxlju fmkajd fokq leue;af;'
bhg;a Tjqka f foau lsug bm;a uo mquhg lreKlao
fkdf' kuq;a i;Hh ch .ekSug;a ish,a, fy<or lrfmkajd
ug;a wjia:dj yd ld,h oeka t< we;'
f.!;u nqmshdKka msksjka md jod< ld,hg miqj
j,.nd rcq oji wf,fka f W;= nqoaO Ouh f,aLk .;
lsu olajdu jir 400 lg;a je ld,hla f ;s%msglh lg
jyfrka jk fmd;a lrf.k lka lg mj;ajdf.k tk ,oafoa
rc.," is;=,amj" l=vq.," >jdmsh" nq., yd ynqre.,"
uq,als., wd reyqfKa yd kef.kysr fukau rgueo msysgd ;snq
fy< f wdr[a[ fiakdik j, j;a jq u`.M, ,dNs fy<u
NslaIq mrmqrla isks' Ndr;fha f tlo Ou jpkhla j;a f
w;S; hq.fha lgmdv lrf.k mj;ajdf.k fkdwdjd muKla
fkdj wid oek f.kj;a is flfkl=kao fkdis nj;a
wjOdrKfhkau m%ldY lr is'
wkqrdOmqr uyd ydrfha fmd;a.=,a j, tod ;ekam;a lr
;snq fn!oaO fy< yd md,s fmd;a m;a ish,a,u .sksn;a lr msis
nqoaO Ouh ,shd ;snq fmd;a kdY lr oeuq miqj fydaI yshka iska
,shq fmd;a 17 la mu' wNh.s ydrfha j;a jQ uydhdkhg
mlaI jQ NslaIqka jykafia,d;a" uydydrh kdY l< tjlg rf
rdcHh md,kh l< wNh.shg mlaI jQ isxy, rcq;a hk
- 87 -
fofldgiu uydhdkslhkah' f fy< wgqjd fmd;afm< kdY

lsfuka miqj wd hq.fha fy<f fn!oaO NslaIqka yd
rcorejka fndfyda fofkl=u;a w.h fldg ie,l=f;a nqoaO
Ouh f,iska ie,l=f;a f uydhdksl u; iys; fmd;am;ah'
;s%msglh ,shd ;ekam;a lr ;snqfKa wf,fkah' wkqrdOmqrfhao
tys msgm;a ;ekam;a lr ;snqKd k tajdo uydydrh .sks
;ef ms<siaiS hkakg we;' kuq;a wfma jdikdjg wf,fka
;ekam;a lr ;snq ;s%msglfha uq,a msgm;a i;=rka w;g m;a jqfha
ke;' tajd .sksn;a fkd .gu wf;ka h<s h<s;a ,sh ,shd wo
olajdu mj;ajdf.k tauo is fjhs'
miq lf,l ;s%msglh isxy,hg mj;kh l< wfma
fndfyda W.;=ka ;s%msglfha i|yka ud. jpk j,g moj,g
w: oelaf Wmldr lr.;af;a nqoaOf>daI yshkaf.a
f,!lsl wd. ixl,am iys; jQ w: l:d mj;k j, tk
woyia fyda ta w: l:dj,gu miq ld,hl ,shq ld" mamks
iu; wd .%yhkah' f fya;=ka ksid nqoaO chka;s ;s%msgl
imdol uKav,fha lghq;= l< W.;a NslaIqka jykafia,dg;a
nyq, f,iskau Y=oa ud.h we;= fmd;a 17 l fmkajd ka
m;xc,S jdohg hg isxy,hg ;s%msgl fmd;a mj;kh
lrkakg is jQ njo fmkajd h hq;=h' f w;ru tod ;s%msglh
mj;kh l< wfma W.;a iajdka jykafia,d ixialD; NdId
Ydrohska u fya;= fldg f.k ud. NdIdj isxy,hg
mj;kh lsf jpk ishhg 50lg jefhka Nd;d lr
we;af;a ixialD; NdIdf mohkah' f lD;s ksid
isxy,hdg msis ;s%msgl Ouh wjfndaO lr.kakg wo jk
g buy;a wmyiq ;;a;ajhla Woa.; we;s nj;a lk.dgqfjka
jqjo m%ldY l< hq;=j ;sf'
- 88 -
ud. NdIdfjka lshjd" ud. NdIdfjka u Ouh

is;kakg yels" OudjfndaOhla ,enQ W;a;uhd ksh; jYfhkau
wdh W;a;ufhl= jkafkah'
f wkqj wka jir 2100 lg muK fmr w;S; hq.hl"
j,.nd rdcHh md,k iufha" fy<f jeviq W.;a" h;a"
OuOr u`.M, ,dNS NslaIqka jykafia,d iska ;s%msgl .%ka:hka
f,iska f,aLk .; lr tod ,shd ;enq Ou ldrKd w;ka wfma
fy< b;sydihg wh;a fndfyda k . yd f;dr;=re fukau tod
f rf jk rgdjo jD; lr" fjka lr fidhd oek.kakg"
f;are .kakg yels jk kh yd ms<s.kakg is jk kho oeka
t<U ;sf' ;s%msgl .%ka: j, tk ishu k ." rdcHhka"
rcjreka" isgqjreka" u`.M, ,dNSka" wry;=ka jykafia,d fukau
w;S; wkd.; j;udk isoakao f isjq fy<hgu inkaO jQ
foaj,a i bkahdjg fyda uyd Ndr;hg fyda inkaO jQ foaj,a
fkdjk nj wjOdrKfhkau m%ldY lr is'
f.!;u nqmshdKka j;aj is hq.h hehs wms wo
iu;fhka ms<s.kakd rdcH jI j,ska ls%'mq' 589-543 w;r
ld,fha fyda ta wdikaku ld,hl fyda Ndr;fha foaYmd,kh
uyd wjq,a hjq,a iys; .%Sl yd mIshka wdl%uK j,ska rg
wjq,g m;a jQ nq flfkl=g Wm; ,nkakg lsis fia;au iqiq
fkdjq idufhka f;dr jQ ;;a;ajhl Ndr;h mej;s nj nId
;=udo ;u b;sydi fmdf;a i|yka lrhs' nqoaO mksjdKfhka
jir 283 lg muK miqj ld,hl wfYdal wrdchd Ndr;
foaYh tlafiai;a lrk ;=reu tys uyd wjq,a hjq,a iys;
wrdl hq.hla mej;sKs' ta hq.fha Ndr;fha foaYmd,kh .ek
lsisu fmd;l m;l fyda ,she,a,l ,she fkd;sfukau f
nj ukdj meye,s fjhs'
- 89 -
ia fvia" fcda gk fia ms%kaiia" t'iS'mS'fn,a

yd fldx.agka jeks iq uy;=ka lf<a ,xldf ,shd ;snq
uydjxYh" mjxYh" ;s%msglh jeks fmd;aj,skao miq ld,Skj
fmdf<dkakre oUfo hq.j, ,shq fmd;a m;aj,ska o lreKq
lshjd oek ,nd.;a mgq yd jer wjfndaOhlska b;sydih
,suhs' fufia wkqudkfhka ,shQ bkah b;sydihla wo bkah
b;sydi fmd;am;a j,o" ,she we;' f wkqj fuu fy<f
b;sydihg chf.a hq.fhka ;s; ;nd Bg fmr ish,a,u bkah
b;sydihg mjrd Ndr lrk ,oafoa ta ta hq.j, jerhg
b;sydih ,shq mD:.ack ksiqka iskauh' f jro lrkakg oeka
ld,h t< we;'
wfma f fy< fu tajd hq.hkau ,shq msis
ft;sydisl idlaIs wmg wog;a b;s we;;a wo wfma
b;sydi{hska" mqrdoHd{hska yd wd. ixl,am ork .sys
me W.;=kao tajd ms<s.kakg ue<sjkafka Tjqka bx.s%isfhka
is;k ngysrg .e;s wh fyda Ndr;hg .e;sj is;kakka fyda u
ksidhs' ;u fm!oa.,sl ,dN m%fhdack ;ld cd;sl b;sydih
hgm;a lrkakg W;aidy oeuhs'
tod wfma b;sydih ,shq fia ms%kaiia" fcda gk"
iafg%dx.a" ia fia" fldx.agka" t'iS'mS' fn,a" ,afy,a
.hs. jeks iq uy;=ka l< fiajho wm h ;rulg fyda w.h
lrk w;ru" Tjqkaf.a fkdoekqu ksid wmg is jQ uy;a ydksho
wmu l,amkd l< hq;=h' th oekaj;a ksjer lr.; hq;=h' th
oekaj;a ksjer lr .; hq;=h'
f,dafldamldrh kka jQ fmd;la rKia.,af,a yshka
iska miq lf,l ,shd m< lrk ,' f f,dafldamldrfha 189
jeks lfha i|yka jk i;r jhska msysgd ;snqfKa f fy<u
;=<uh' lrh j,,af,ka jg jQ i;r jhska f,i tod
- 90 -
f,dafldamldrfha oelajqfha fjdh'

' W;=re l=re jhsk
' ckanqoamh ôUj&
' mqjfoayh
' wmr f.dahdkh
wkqrmqr hq.hg;a fmr w;S;fha tk nqoaO ld,fha f
rg fujka fldgia y;rlg fnod iu;fhka klr f.k
Nd;d l< f i;r jhska ^m%foaY& f,iska oelajqfha isjq
fy<hhs' ta ta fy<hkays jdih l< f.da;s%l rcjrekaf.a f.da;%
wkqj miqj ckanqoamh foaj fy<h f,iska o" W;=rel=re jhska
hlaI fy<h f,iskao" wmrf.dahdkh kd. fy<h f,iskao mQj
foayh .dkaOj fy<h f,iskao k flKs'
wdgdkdg iQ;%fha;a" uydiuh iQ;%fha;a meye,sju
klr fmkakq lrk p;a;dfrda uydrcjreka rcl lf<ao f
isjq fy<hg wod< m%foaYj,uh' f.!;u nqka nqoaO;ajhg m;a
jqfha ckanqoamh ôUj& k foaj fy<hg wh;a m%foaYhlh'
f wkqj ckanqoamh oUj hk k f fy< fu fldgilg
b;d wE; hq.hkayso Nd;d lrk ,o kduhls' thg
ckanqoamh hk ku ,enqfKa ishu nqka jykafia,d ckauh
,nk mh hk w:fhks' oUj hk ku ,enqfKa Ou mh hk
w:fhks'
f,dafldamldrfha tod ,shd fmkajQ i;r jhskau lrh
j,,af,ka jg jQ nj mjid ;su ksid f i;r jhskau f fy<
fu tod msysgd ;snq nj;a iy;sl lr m%ldY l< yelsh'
ls%'mQ' hq.fha Ndr;fha ,shq fmd;a m;a foi n,k g ta
yeu idys;H lD;shlu oelafjkafka f,!lsl WmfoaYkhka f.ka
- 91 -
yd iqx.dr rih Wmojk mD:.ack f,dalhdg .e<fmk

wdldrfha f,!lsl lreKq ldrKdfjdah' R.afo .%ka:hka"
IaKq mqrdKh" ialkaO mqrdKh yd ;j;a fndfyda mqrdK .%ka:"
n%dyauK yd Wmksioa .%ka: fukau N.j;a .S;dj k fYaI
.%ka:ho f,!lsl hqKqj i|yd Wmfoiaug ,shq tajdh' fjd
f,dalhla yokakg Wmldr jk fha idys;Hh .%ka: fyda
WmfoaYd;aul .%ka:hkah' kuq;a fjdg iuld,Sk jQ hq.fha
fy< f ,shq ;s%msgl .%ka: yd fy< wG l:d ish,a,u ,shqf
f,dalfhka tf;r jk f,daflda;a;r ud.h fmkajd fokakgh'
ioygu flka fokakg wkq.ukh l< hq;= OudkqOu
mmodj myod fokakgh' f wruqKq fol fohdldr jQ
fohl wruqKq folls' bkahdf fyda Ndr;fha fyda W;=
nqoaO Ouh tod jHdma; ;snqfKa k tys ta hq.fha ,shq f
fmd;am;a j,o hdka;ka fyda f f,daflda;a;r Ouh .eko
igyka jkakg bv ;s' kuq;a bkahdf ,shq fmd;a j, tfia
i|yka ke;'
Ndr;fha ,shq mer idys;Hfha wruqK j;aug wjYH
WmfoaYkh ,nd u nj N.j;a .S;dj lshjk kEu flfkl=g
myiqfjkau wjfndaO jkq we;' N.j;a .S;df tk
iqx.drd;aul" WmfoaYd;aul rij;a l lgmdv lrf.k
Ncka .S f,iska tajd iCOdhkd lsu wog;a bkahhkaf.a
pd;%hls' is;ls' kuq;a ;s%msglfha i|yka jQ W;= Ouh
widoek" OdrKh lrf.k" w;a|.; hq;= h:djd ;:dld"
h:dld ;:djd Ou;djhls' f wkqj nq oyu l wjfndaO
lrf.k lg ksOdk fya;=ju fidhdoek" fya;=ju ksreoaO
lrkakg u`. lshd ka oyuls' tfia;a ke;s k fya;=M, oyug
nyd n,d .,md wkq.ukh lr w;a |.; hq;= oyuls' Ndr;Sh
foaj ixl,am j,g wkqj ;djld,slj M,h fjkia lr .;af;a
- 92 -
fya;=j fjkia lr .ekSfuks' f ksid tod ,shQ Ndr; idys;Hh

WmfoaYd;aul idys;Hhlau muKlau h'
nq oyka foaYkd lf,a ksidg ;u uki fufyhjd
ls%hdlr fhdaksfida ukisldrfhka ls%hdlrkafkl= njg m;a
uqla;sh fidhd.kakg u`.mdod fokq i|ydh' Ndr; wd. j,
uqla;sh fidhk ,oafoa f,dalh ;=daI yshka mj;kh l< md,s w: l:d j,;a
Bg miqj wdhq.fha wkqrdOmqrfha ,shq fmd; mf;a;a
fYaIfhkau fmdf<dkakre hq.fha yd oUfo hq.fha ,shq
fndfyda isxy, fmd;am;aj,;a olakg we;af;a nq oyf fmkajd
ka fya;=M, oyug nyd .,md ls%hd lrkakg" khg ii|d n,d
lghq;= lrkakg Wmldr jk fha mrud: Ouhla fkdj
f,dalh yokakg" Nj jDoah i|ydu Wmldr jk fha iu;
Ouhls' ta tjlg Ndr; foaYfha m%p,s;j ;snq f,!lsl wd.
ixl,am j, yd WmfoaYl ldjHhkays n,mE ;kau fy<
ugo oekqKq hq.hhs'
f wkqj wo wmg b;s we;s uOHld,Sk ft;sydisl
fn!oaO idys;Hh .%ka:" wgqjd l:d yd fjk;a idys;H fmd;a m;a
fndfyduhlau jdf.a Ndr;fha n,mE ksid miq ld,Skj ys jq
tajd i W;= nqoaO Oufha fyda ;s%msglfha fyda fmkajq
wdldrfhka ksjka u`.g Wmldrl jk mrud: Ou .%y l<
fmd;a m;a k fkdf' miq l,l oUfofha ,shejqK cd;l
l:d idys;Hho yq ck myka ixf.h i|ydu ,shejqKq tajd
i ksidf.a uki fufyhjd fya;=M, oyug nyd .,md n,d
ls%hdlrkakg Wmldr jk tajd fkdjk nj;a fmkajd h hq;=h'
tajdo WmfoaYd;aul fldgigu wh;a jk nj k meye,sh'
- 93 -
10' foajfy<h yd foaj ixl,am
wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fmr f fy<j m y;rlg fnod

W;=rel=re mh" ckanqoamh" wmrf.dahdkh yd mQj foayh
hk k j,ska f rfu ckhd isjq fy<h f,iska Nd;d l<
w;r ckanqoamfha oUj jdih lf<a foaj f.da;%sl ck;djh'
fudjqka wdhhka f,iska f,dalhd tjlg;a ms<sf.k ;sKs'
n%dyauK" laI;s%h" L;a;sh ^le;al=,h& yd Y= kka l=,
y;rlgu wh;a ksiqka tod jdih lf<a foaj fy<fha
ckanqoamfhah' hlaI fy<fha tjka l=< fnula fkd;sKs'
hlaI fy<fha ;o n, f,iska l=,f.d;a wkqj ksiqka fnod fjka
l< iudchla fkdh' kd. fy<fhao hlaI fy<fhao rc
fm<m;a j,g wh;a rcjre rdcHh md,kh l<y'
wdhhka iska md,kh lrk ,o foaj fy<h hdmkfha
isg ud;r olajdu rg folg ueka fn l< kef.kysr wOhg
wh;a m%foaYj, jHdma;j ;sKs' kuq;a kd. f.da;%hg wh;a
ck;dj rg yeu ;eku jdf.a fj<|du" m%jdyKh j;al
md,kh lrka k.rj, jdih l< njla fmfka'
kd.r hkq kd. f.da;%slhska .Dyhka yodf.k j;ajQ
m%foaYhs' k.r kkao" miqj k.r njg o tA m%foaY m;ah'
foaj f.da;%slhskaf.a jdiia:dk kqjr fyda mqrhka h' lms,jia;=
mqrh" Y%djia;s mqrh" jrdkdis mqrh wdoS jYfhks' Yd,d uy
kqjr" rc.y kqjr" ieje;a kqjr wdoS jYfhka kqjrj,a ;snqfKao
foaj fy<fhah' wdgdkdgd" mqrkdgd" l=iskdgd wdoS jYfhka kdgd
kka k.r msysgd ;snqfka h fy<fhah' ^wdgdkdgd iQ;%fha 23
.d:dj n,kak&
- 94 -
foaj fy<fha rcl l< n,j;a m%dfoaYsh rcqkag"

kdhlhskag foajhka jykafia hk kka fmd ckhd
foaj;ajfhka wduka;%Kh lsf is;la mqreoaola tod ;sKs' f
wkqj nqoaO foaYkdjg wkqjo wx.=;a;r ksldfha ;sl ksmd;fha
fmkajd fok wdldrhg tjlg ckqnqoamfhau foaj fldGdihka
;=kla .eku i|yka fjhs' tA Y=oa foaj" W;am;a;s foaj"
iu; foaj hk foaj fldgia ;=khs' tod Y=oa foaj hk kduh
Nd;d jQfha oafYfhka f;dr jq wry;=ka jykafia,dgh'
oafYfhka fjka jq ksid fo hk ku Nd;d l<nj
;%smsglfhau i|yka fjhs' W;am;a;s foaj hkq wm wo Yajdi
lrK fof,dj hkqfjka i<lk ifo f,dalfha Wmosk
mmd;sl foaj fldGdihkagh' Tjqyq Wm;skau foaj f,iska
ykajkq ,enQy'
iu; foaj hkqfjka ye|skajQfha foaj f.da;%h hehs
iu;fhka ms<s.;a" foajhka jykafia hk iu; mofhka tod
fmd ckhd ye|skajQ rcjrekagh' oafYfhka f;drj" uyckhd
flfrys ffu;%sfhka lreKdfjka rgmd,kh l, fndfyda
rcjreka tod iu;fhkao foajhka jykafia hk f.!rj
kdufhkao wu;kq ,enQy' tjeks W;= rcjre miqj foaj
kdufhkau fmd ck;djf.a mqo mQcdj,go jkaokd udk j,go
md;%jQy'
tod reyqfKa ldpr.du m%foaYfha rcl l< uydfiak
kue;s foaj f.da;%sl rc;=udg fmd uyckhd foaj ixl,amhla
wdrEV l<y' rcqf.a urKfhka miqjo wo jk f;lau uydfiak
rcq foaj;ajfhka uyckhd w;r ms<s.ekSula we;' l;r.u
lsfjfyr boslf<ao uydfiak rc;=udh' tu lsfjfyr
N+fhau uydfiak rc;=udf.a ms<suhla wog;a olskakg we;' miq
lf,l uydfiak rcq uydfiak fohka njg;a Bg miq l,l
- 95 -
l;r.u fohka f,ig;a fy< uyckhd w;r m%isoaO h' ta

wkqju je ms lrkakgo h' fou< yd yska Nla;slfhda
ialkaO mqrdKfha i|yka ialkaO fohka" l;r.u fohka
f,iska wo;a woy;s'
tod l=reg yd mdo wvh wh;a jQ l=re rg rcl
l< iuk rc;=ud f.!;u nqmshdKkago kEoEl we;s rc
flfkls' ckm%jdohg wkqj iqoafOdaok rcqf.a nd, fidfydhqh
irK mdjd .;af;a iuk uyrc;=udh' f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.a
jdihg iqiq mos osjd .=ydj ilia lr tla jila tys jev ysjd
f.k wem Wmia:dk lf<ao iuk uy rcqh' f.!;u
nqmshdKkaf.a nq ism;=, ;u rdcHhg wh;a Wiu ia:dkfha
fldgjd thg f.!;u nqmshdkkaf.a nq md myio ,ndf.k yqoS
ck;djg je ms lrkakg ia:dkhla ilia lr kafkao
iuk uy rc;=udh' f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.a flai Od;+ka gla
,nd f.k uyshx.kfha od.enla lrjd je ms lrkakg
mgka .;af;ao iuk uyrc;=udh' f.!;u nqmshdKkaf.ka
Ouh wid fidajdka ud. M,hg m;a jq iuk uy rc;=udg
t;=udf.a wNdjfhka miqj f rf jeishka foaj;ajfhkau
je ms lrkakgo mgka .;ay' wo olajdu iuka fohka"
iquk iuka fohka" hkqfjka foajd, f.dv kxjd" foaj ms<su
;ekam;a lr je ms lrkafka tod iuk rc kka l=rerg
rcl l< fy<osj rcl l< rc;=udgh' tod l=rerg
fj<|du i|yd meKs wrd fj<ka mjd iuka fohkag
fukau nq ism;=,go jkaokd udk lr.;a nj b;sydifhka
meyeos,s fjhs'
f.!;u nqmshdKka ieje;a kqjr f;jkdrdufha jev
jdih l< hq.fha reyqfKa rcl lf<a W;am,jkakd k rc
flfkls' Wmq,ajka fohka f,iska miq lf,l fokqjr
- 96 -
foajd,hla lr je ms lrkakg mgka .;af;a f rc;=udgh'

miqj YaKq mqrdKh ,shd t<s oelajq miqj IaKq fohka hehs
foajd, ilia lr je ms lrkafkao f rc;=udf.a kduhgh'
f wkqj Wmq,ajka fohka IaKq fohka njg m;ah'
NSik fohka" whshkdhl fohka" .f,a nxvdr
fohka" kafkah fohka" rxj, fohka" m;a;sks uEKshka
wdoS jYfhka fy<u fmd uyckhd w;f wo;a foaj;ajfhka
i,ld f.!rjfhka je ms lrkafka tod foaj fy<fha j;a
jQ idudkH mqoa.,fhl=g jvd jeuk;a fYaI n,hlska lghq;=
l< ksfil=f.au kduhgh' fujka fohkaf.ka ksiqka Wo
Wmldr b,a,d isuo me;Suo mer fy< ck;djf.ao mqreoaola
h' f wdldrfhka foajd,hka ;kd fohkag mqo mQcd mj;ajd
Ndrydr is; ikijd .kakg fy<u jeisfhda w;s;fha mgkau
mqrejQy' fujka foaj weoeys,s yd mqomQcd ldgj;au jrola fyda
mdmhla fyda fkdjk ksid wysxil ls%hd fia i,ld nqoaOd.ugo
fjd we;= lr.;a njo fmfkkakg we;' bkahdf w;S;fha
mgkau foaj weoys,s" mqo mQcd mej;s w;r bkahdf n,mEu
ksido ,xldf nqoaOd.ugo foaj weoeys,a, miq lf,l ;kau
we;= h'
W;=rel=re jhsk" hlaI fy<h hk k j,ska tod
w;S;fha ye|skajqfha hdmkfha mqkka isg w,j .sW,a,
olajdu jQ uyfkre k Yd, ljefhka Tfnka jQ jk.;
m%foaYhhs' uykqjr yd ud;f,a ia;s%lal j, iuyr m%foaYhkao
hlaI fy<fhau md,lhska iska md,kh lrk ,os' f.!;u
nqmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a l ld,hlskau f.!;u nqka
uyshx.khg jevu lf<a tys jdih l< hlaI f.da;s%l ksiqka
f.ka nqoaO Y%djlhskag lror jQ ksid hlaI f.da;s%lhskag lreKq
lshd hl=ka oukh lr Tjqka fu,a, lrkakgh' f.!;u nq
- 97 -
mshdKka uyshx.khg jevu lf<a wmdf rc., jdih lrK

hq;=f.ah'
rdjKd mrmqfrkau mej; tk hlaI f.da;s%l rcjreka
w;=frka fjiaijk uy rc;=ud b;du n,j;a ishu hlaI
f.da;s%l rcjrekaf.ao kdhl rcq f,iska tod lghq;= l< njo
wdgdkdg iQ;%fha;a" uyd iuh iq;%fha;a meye,sju i|yka
fjhs' f wkqj miq lf,l fjiuq rc;=udgo" foaj;ajhla
wdrEV lr i;r jr fohka hk kduh mgne| wojkg
foaj;ajfhka i,lkakg jkaksfha we;af;da ls%hd lr;s'
hlaI f.da;s%lhska l=NdKav f.da;s%lhka yd iuyr kd.
f.da;s%lhskao tod fjiuq rcq ;ukaf.a uy rcq f,iska i,ld
ls%hd l< njo ;s%msglfha u i|yka fjhs' tod nqmshdKka
judkju f fy< f jevjik hq.fhys foaj;ajh
iu;fhka ,nd .;a" fmd ckhd foaj;ajfhkau ie<l+ ;j;a
foaj fldgila f rfu iuyr ;eka j, iqy' fYaIfhkau
Wvrg uykqjr m%foaYfha tod iq ta m%foaYhkays wm;s l l<
f rcqka f rf w;S;fha iq rdjKd pl%j;s rc mrmqfrka
mej; tk mdrml kka muKla ila;s rcjrekah'
fy<u iq" fy<fu rcl l<" rdjKd
mrmrdjg wh;a jQ ila;s rcjreka y;a fokdf.ka miqj
ila;s n,h fkd,enQ pl%r;akfha n,h wys .sh tfia kuq;a
ta rc mrmqfu miqld,Skj mdrmlj mej; tkakkao f
ila;s kduhu Nd;d l< nj fmfka' iuk rcq fukau
fjiaijk rcqo f ila;s rc mrmrdjgu kEoel lshq
rcjrekah' kuq;a Tjqka ila;s ku Nd;d lf<a ke;'
;s%msglfha i|yka jk m tod f.!;u nqmshd-
Kkaf.ka Ouh wikakg me ilaliai foajd kkao"
- 98 -
ilaliai mks; wd rcjreka fuu ila;s rc mrmrdjg wh;a

foaj ku .;a rcjrekah' wms wo ilafo rcq il%foafkahd
wd mo j,ska uk#l,ams;j woyk f kduh fhf Nd; lf<a
tod f rfu jdih l< f.!;u nqkaf.ka nK weiQ
foajdkkao k ila;s mrmqf rcqgh' Bg fya;=j Tyq iu;
foaj fldgfia kdhlhd uhs' ilaliai foajdkkao hkq
nqkaf.ka nK weiq tod f fy<u j;a jQ ksfils'
f wkqj bkahdf weoyq foaj wd. ixl,am j,g
fjkia foaj ixl,amhka f fy< f tod j;a jQ ck;dj
w;f me;s ;snqKq nj fmfka' f rf wo;a" je ms lrK
ishu fohka ilafohkao we;=j tod f fy< fu jdih
l< idudkH ksiqkag jvd h fYaI jQ udkisl fyda ldhsl
Yla;shla ,ndf.k uyck;djg h fYaI fiajhla l< f
rfu w;S;fha jdih l< ksiqkauh'
ks.ukh yd iudma;sh
f.!;u nqka Wm; ,enQ tfukau ishu nqjrekag

Wm; ,nkakg ;r jdikdjka; jQ f ckanqoamfha f fy<u
i;Hu jQ b;sydih jix lr oukakg - iyuq,skau hgm;a lr
oukakg- ldgj;au fkdyelsh' nqoaO Ouh msis f,iska h<s
u;= u;a iu.u ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg Wmldr jk
p;=rdh i;Hh Ouh wjfndaO lr.;a W;=ukaf.a ysu;a
iu.u Bg iu.dju" u.M, ,nkakg WmksY%h jkakd jQ
wdldrhgu nqoafOda;am;a;shg" nqoaO;ajhg yd m<uqjk
Ouplal mj;ajk Ou foaYkdj meje;aug wod< ia:dkhka
- 99 -
yd nqkaf.a msksug wod< jQ nqoaO Yla;sh .e jQ ia:dkhka"

k . jYfhka muKla fkdj weiska oel n,d.; yels
whqkau ia:dkhka jYfhkau f fy<fukau oeka ykdf.k
;sf'
f ia:dkhka .ek lrK ,nk f m%ldYhka
wkqudkfhka m%ldY lrk foa k fkdf' f mru i;Hhka
oel.;a ksidu f,dalhgo fy<s lrkq ,nk mru i;Hhkah'
fujka i;Hhka f,dalhdg fy<s lrkakg uq,a jQ fya;=jo fuys
meye,s l< hq;=j we;'
2005 isg 2008 olajd ld,h ;=< ksjka olskakg Wmldr
jk mru m;% ioaOuh kka whqka fidhd oek u;=lr
f,dalhdg foaYkd l<;a" ,shd m%ldY l<;a" fida;dm;a;s M,hg
fyda m;ajkakg ndOhla jk ;j;a tla fya;=jla hgm;aj ;sfnk
nj Ou;djfhkau fmkakq lr fok ,os'
f ndOlh u`. yerug .; hq;= OudkqOu m%;smodj
fidhdf.k hoa M, iudm;a ; s f hka u fmka j q " M,
iudm;a ; s f hka u oel.;a oel ykd.;a " ta wkq j
iudm;a;sfhkau u;=lr.;a f W;= mQckSh ia:dk y;ru tla
kl tla fudfyd;l fmkakq l< w;r ta iu`.u Bg ksOdk jQ
l:djo fmkakq lr fok ,os'
ta ksOdk l:dj k uydmksndk iq;%fha tk m
f.!;u nqmshdKka msksjka mdkakg kd myla muK
ld,hla b;sj ;sh w.% Wmia:dhl wdkkao yduqrejka
f.!;u nqmshdKka f.ka m%Yakhla pdf<ah' ta m%Yakh k
Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" Tn jykafia jir y;<sia myla uq,af,au
fo ksiqkag nq nK foaYkd lrka nq lg y~ ,nd foka
- 100 -
nqrej oel.kska nqoaO Yla;shg wkq.; fjkakg wjYH

mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh fo ksiqkag ,ndkay' oeka Tn
jykafiaf.a msksfuka miqj b ld,fha fo ksiqkag
nqrej" nq lg y~" nqoaO Yla;sh ,nd .kakg l%uhla ke;sj
f,dalhdg mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh ,nd .kakg neu ksid
fida;dmkak M,hg fyda m;a jkakg l%uhlao ke;s fjkjd
fkao@ hk m%Yakhhs'
nqoaO Yla;shg wkq.; fkd" mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh
fkd,nd iud hg m;a fkd iajhx Yla;sfhkau
fida;dmkak M,hg fyda m;a jkakg mD:.ack ksfil=g
fkdyelsh' p;=rdh i;Hhka wjfndaO lr.kakg;a" iud
hg m;a jkakg;a k hful= fida;dm;a;s wx.hka y;ru
imQK lr.; hq;=uh' fuhska imamqi ixfiafjda hkqfjka
fmkajd jod< m<uqjk wx.h imqK jkafka iajhxN+
{dKfhkau p;=rdh i;Hhka wjfndaO lrf.k wry;a
u.M,hg m;a jQ f,d;=rd nqmshdKka judkju oelSu iy
nqmshdKkaf.ka nK weiSu fyda u. M,hlg m;a jQ nqoaO
Y%djlfhl=f.ka nqoaO Ouh Y%jKh lsu hk lreKq imqK
lr .ekSfuka ,nd.; yels mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh ,efuks'
uydmksndk iQ;%fha foaYkd lrk ,o m ioaOiai
l=,mq;a;iai - oiaikShdkx ixfckShdkx p;a;dfrda Gdkd
hkafkys w:h f.!;u nqka msksjka md jod< miqj;a u.M,
,dNS nqoaO mq;%fhl=f.ka msis Ouh wid ioaOiai
l=,mq;a;iai ;;ajhg m;a jq hful=g tk fida;dmkak
ud.fha .uka lrk flfkl=g oiaikShdkx - ixfckShdkx
hkqfjka m%ldY l< fida;dmkak M,hg ôiaifkak ixmkak
ug& m;a ug k nqoaO;ajhg inkaO jQ f W;= ia:dk
y;ka tlla fyda oeln,d je|mqod ys; myod .; hq;=h hkakhs'
- 101 -
nqoaO Yla;shg wkq.; h yelafla ta whqks' f ksid
mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh yd iud hg m;a ug fukau
fida;dm;a;s wx.hka imQK lr .kakg;a f ia:dkhka
w;ka tlla fyda oel n,d .; hq;=h'
msis mru m;% nqoaO Ouh lD;s hgm;aj .sh
miq.sh hq.hl ixfoaYkdj wikakg fkd,enq w;S; hq.hl
wdh Ouhla wid p;=rdh i;Hhka wjfndaO lr.kakg
wjYH mru m;% nqoaO Ouh Y%jKh lrkakg fkd,enqKq
hq.hl" Ou;djfhkau f W;= nqoaO Yla;sh mj;sk Bg
wkq.; jQ W;= ia:dkhkao uy jkfhka jeiS hgm;au o
Ou;djfhka u is jQ fohls ' tfia tu ia : dkhka
Ou;djfhkau jeiS ;djld,slj hgm;a fkdjqfha k tod
mD:.ack f,dalhd iska fmr. yd ngysr wdl%ulhska iska
f W;= ia:dkhkao lvd | oud kdY lr oukakg ;sKs'
wdkkao yuqrejka weiq f jeo.;a m%Yakhg f.!;u nq
mshdKka ,nd ka ms<s;=r Tiafia w;S;h wjf,dalkh lr
iuj;ska f ia:dkhka y;ru tljr fidhd oek ksjer f,iska
m%ldY lrkakg;a f W;= ia:dkhka msys ;eka fmkajd
fokakg;a fhfKa u.M, ,nd.kakg iu;a OudjfndaOhla
,enQ Yd, msila f fy<u ;=< wo jk g;a Wm; ,nd Ou
ud.fhao hka fid;dmkak ud.hg m;a isk fyhsks' tjka
ioaOiai l=,mq;%hskag fida;dm;a;s M,hg m;ajkakg Wmldrj;a
jk wdldrhg fjd u;=lr fmkajd ka njo m%ldY l< hq;=h'
2009 fmdfidka fmdaod f ia:dk y;r f,dalhdg jD;
lr fmkajd fuka miqj f udi 15l muK iq ld,h ;=<
Yd, ck;djla f W;= mqo oeln,d je|mqod .;a;d
muKla fkdj ksy~ju u.M, ,nd.;a njo oeka iy;sl fldg
- 102 -
m%ldY l< yelsh' f wkqj h<s;a nqoaO Ouh mK msysgqjd nqoaO
Yla;sh f,dalhdg oyd fmkajkakg oeka kshu ld,ho Wod
we;' Ouhg bv wOuh kdY hk iajNdjfha hq.hla
oeka yeu w;skau oel.kakg we;' oeka oeka isjk isoaka wkqj
f Ou;djh oel.; yels nj fhdaksfida ukisldrfhka is;k
kEu flfkl=g myiqfjkau oeka is;d.; yelsh' mldrhdg"
wfidaksfida ukisldrfhka lghq;= lrkakdg f Ou;djhka
oek .kakg fyda oel .kakg fyda ,efnkafkao ke;'
f mru i;Hhka u;=lr m%ldY lr" f,dalhdg fy<slr
ud lf<a jrola hehs is;k iuyr mD:.ack mqoa.,fhdao wo
iudcfha;a wm w;ru jdih lr;s' u.M, ,nd.kakg fkdyels
whqka fn!oaO f,dalhdg ksjka ud.h jid wyqrd oud ;snq hq.h
oeka wjidkh' ishu ndOl oeka bj;alr u`. msis f,iskau
jD; lr we;s nj m%ldY lrkafka ioaOdjka; l=,mq;%hskag i
ksjka olskakg ;r fmr msx fkdl< tjka w{dk mqoa.,hskag
k fkdf'
f Ouh w{dk mam[a[iai mqoa.,hdg k fkdf"
m%{djka;hdg muKlau hehs nq mshdKka tod foaYkd lr jod<
W;= mdGh h<s;a isysm;a lrjka f fmd; lshjd wjfndaOhla
,nd.; fkdyels k Tn ;ju;a ixidr .egjg ue
ixidr id.rfha w;rux =jla miqmi jk ,dNfhka
msmdis; mqoa.,fhl= f,iska ls%hd lrk w;Dma; lr ksfil=
nj;a isysm;a lr.kakd f,iska f W;= Ou m%ldYhkag
reoaO jk fldhs ldg;a ffu;s%fhka yd lreKdfjka u;la lr
ug leue;af;'
- ks -
- 103 -

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wm Wmka f fy<u

nqka Wmka ckanqoamhs'

^il,O ysl l;=jrhd i;=h'&

1' fy<u ,shQ ;s%msglh yd md,s NdIdj 7

2' wgqjd" ld" mamks yd iu; 19

3' wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh wdrNug fmr 22

4' nqoaO jkaokdj yd nq ms<su jkaokdj 32

5' fy<u uq,au hq.fha mej;s nqoaO jkaokd l%u 36

6' wguia:dk ixl,amh 48

7' is inq" is i;a Ouh yd is,la forK 73

8' pl%j;s rdc ixl,amh yd ila;s rc mrmqr 77

9' uydjxYh - ;s%msglh yd nqoaO NdIs;h 84

10' foaj fy<h yd foaj ixl,am 94

11' ks.ukh yd iudma;sh 99

f fy,fu Wmka" f fy,fu j;ajk ksiqka

f fmdf;ys ,shd t,s olajk fndfyduhla foa lshjd oek.;a

kS;s mkjd" wkmk;a mkjd wgqjd" ld mamks ,shd mru

f.!;u nqoaO idikh ;=,oSu ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg ;r

mD;.ack f,dalhdg" momru mqoa.,hskag h ;rulska fyda

1' fy<u ,shq ;s%msglh yd md,s NdIdj

ch kue;s ixl,ams; bkahdkq rcq tod fy<ug mh

ta jdf.au ;s%msgl fmd;am;a j, yd uydjxYfha;a"

fyda oel .kakg fyda ,efnkafka o ke;' tjka m%isoaO mqoa.,hska

jrgu fn!oaO NslaIqjlf.a oYkh oel.kakg ,enqfKa ld,sx.

f fy<jg inkaO jQ wfmau b;sydihg inkaO jQ" wod< jQ"

' ud. niska foaYkd lrk ,o nqoaO Ouh fma<s f,iska -

jykafia,d iskauh' tod wf,fkaoS meje;a jQ Ou

b;du;au im NdIdj jkafkao ud. NdIdjhs' ta hq.h jk g

.e,fmk wdldrfha hym;a iudchla ksudKh lrkakg

Tjqkao i|yka lrkafka f wkqjh' f wkqj md,s NdIdj hkq

kdkd;ajhla Ou kdkd;ajhla ksrela;s kdk;ajhla fyda

2' wgqjd" ld" mamks yd iu;

tod f.!;u nqmshdKka jykafia iska ud. moje,a

miqj wkqrdOmqrhg me fojk .ufka rc., ,shd ;snq

fy< wgqjd fmd;am;a ish,a, kdY .sh miq" uyd ydrho

myiq l ,enQ ;hla .; lrk NslaIqka msila tod wkqrmqr

3' wkqrmqr rdcOdksh wdrN ug fmr

wkqrdOmqr rdcOdks hq.fha O wjia:dj,;a" Bg fmr

ixialD;sl wdl%uK j, lsysm wjia:djlu .sksn;a lr

b;sydih ,sf ldhfhyso fhKdy' lE.,af,a iyldr

ksjer f,iu k jljdkq bm;a lrkakg ne jqK;a"

wo f fmd; ,shd m<lrkakg udi 15lg fmr tk

hq.hg wh;a nj iy;sl lr we;' f.!;u nq mshdKka

fuho fyd|u idlaIshls' f.!;u nqmshdKka tod ls%'mQ'

wlalr 1600 lg;a je N+ m%foaYhla mqrd is me;sr

j;a jQ iufha;a" wkqrdOmqrfha rdcOdkshla mej;s

tod foaj fy<h kka m%isoaO jQ nqka Wmka mh

inkaO jQ h h f;dr;=re O wjia:dj,oS fy<sor l<

4' nqoaO jkaokdj yd nq ms<su jkaokdj'

l%s' mq' 589 oS f.!;u nqmshdKka f,dalhdg nqoaO Ouh

me;a;l nqrejla igyka lr Nd;d lr ;suhs' f wkqj wmg

bkahdf isg ,xldjg nqoaOd.u f.kjdh lshk u;h

W;= nqoaO Ouhg k fkdf' ishu wdi mQcd" je ms

Yd, m%udKfha nq ms<su fk,Su ,xldf wdrN lf<a 3 jk

5' fy<u uq,au hq.fha mej;s nqoaO jkaokd l%u

f.!;u nqmshdKka tod fy< u ckanqoamfha

' mdfNda.sl jia;+ka

fn!oaO f,dalhd wog;a je ms lrkafka;a tod f.!;u

klg miqju je ms lr.kakg hula b,a,d is ;miaiq

f.!;u nqmshdKka judkj jev is hq.fha mgkau ch

fufia ,nd.;a fnda wxl=rhls' f.!;u nqmshdKka msksfuka

wmdf rc.,ska yuq jQ msys .,l ,shd we;s

kafka uqp,skao rcquh' ix>;a;d fufyh wkqrdOmqrhg ch