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S NGUYN L H
THNG LNH V CU
TO CC THIT B
CHNH
Bi:
inh Vn Thun
S nguyn l
S nguyn l h thng lnh kho bo qun tng i a dng. C hai dng ph bin
nht hay s dng l gii nhit bng gi (dn ngng) v gii nhit bng nc (bnh
ngng). Trc kia ngi ta hay s dng kiu gii nhit bng gi, tuy nhin qua thc
t s dng, nhn thy nhng ngy ma h nng nc hiu qu gii nhit km, nhiu h
thng p sut ngng t kh cao, thm ch r le p sut cao ngt khng hot ng c.
V d Nng, ma h nhiu ngy t 38oC, khi s dng dn ngng gii nhit bng
gi, th nhit ngng t c th t 48oC, nu kho s dng R22, p sut tng ng l
18,543 bar. Vi p sut r le p sut cao HP s ngt dng my, iu ny rt nguy
him, sn phm c th b h hng. p sut t ca r le HP thng l 18,5 kG/cm2.
V vy, hin nay ngi ta thng s dng bnh ngng trong cc h thng lnh ca kho
lnh bo qun. Xt v kinh t gii php s dng bnh ngng theo kinh nghim chng ti
vn r v c th d dng ch to hn so vi dn ngng gii nhit bng khng kh.
Trn hnh 2-13 gii thiu s nguyn l h thng lnh thng s dng cho cc kho
lnh bo qun trong cc x nghip ch bin thu sn hin nay.
im c bit trong s nguyn l ny l bnh ngng kim lun chac nng bnh cha
cao p. i vi bnh ngng kiu ny, cc ng trao i nhit ch b tr phn trn ca
bnh.
1/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
Vi vic s dng bnh ngng bnh cha, h thng n gin, gn hn v gim chi ph
u t. Tuy nhin, nhit lng trong bnh thng ln hn so vi h thng c bnh cha
ring, nn p sut ngng t cao v hiu qu lm lnh c gim.
Chn my nn
Nng sut lnh i a s cc kho lnh bo qun trong cng nghip l cng sut trung
bnh, nng sut lnh nm trong khong 7,5 n 40 kW. Vi cng sut nh vy, thch hp
nht l s dng my nn piston kiu na kn, trong mt s trng hp cng sut nh c
th s dng my nn kiu kn.
Trn hnh 2-14 gii thiu cu to ca my nn piston kiu na kn. Hin nay c hai
chng my nn na kn c s dng rt ph bin nc ta, l my lnh COPELAND
(M) v Bitzer (c)
2/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
Hnh 2-14 : My nn na kn
3/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
4/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
5/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
thit k dng frn. Do s dng cho kho lnh rt ph hp, khng s mi cht r r
nh hng ti cht lng sn phm.
6/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
7/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
8/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
Thit b ngng t
C rt nhiu kiu bnh ngng khc nhau c s dng lp t cho cc kho lnh. Hin
nay cc bnh ngng ca ca cc hng nh Guntner (c), Friga-Bohn (Anh) v rt nhiu
hng khc v ang c s dng kh ph bin nc ta. Ngoi ra nhiu cng ty
nc ta cng c kh nng ch to c bnh ngng ng ng v ng thp cho cc h
thng lnh frn v NH3.
9/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
* Dn ngng khng kh: Dn ngng khng kh cho cc mi cht lnh frn l thit b
trao i nhit ng ng (hoc ng st nhng km nng) cnh nhm. Dn c 2 dng: Thi
10/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
ngang v thi ng. Dn ngng c cu to cho php c th t ngoi tri. Trn hnh
2-17 l dn ngng thi ng thng c s dng cho cc kho lnh.
11/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
Cng sut nhit ca dn ngng cho bng trn y c xc nh iu kin tiu chun
c th nh sau:
12/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
- Mi cht: R22
- V tr t dn ngng so vi mt nc bin: H = 0m
Trong trng hp, khc vi tiu chun, cng sut gii nhit dn ngng c tnh theo
cng thc:
Qk = QkTC x k1 x k2 x k3 x k4 (2-35)
13/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
Thit b bay hi
Thit b bay hi s dng cho cc kho lnh l loi dn lnh ng ng (hoc ng thp)
cnh nhm, c hoc khng c in tr x bng. i vi kho lnh nn s dng loi c
in tr x bng v lng tuyt bm khng nhiu, s dng in tr x bng khng lm
tng m trong kho v thun li khi vn hnh.
c im:
14/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
15/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
Cm my nn, thit b ngng t v bnh cha h thng lnh kho bo qun thng c
lp t thnh mt cm gi l cm condensing unit.
Cm my nn, bnh ngng, bnh cha c b tr trong gian my hoc bn cnh kho
lnh. Ni chung kch thc ca cm tng i nh gn d b tr lp t. Cc cm my
nh vy thng c hai dng:
16/17
S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH
Mi cht, ng ng
***
17/17