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CHAPTER 2

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

IMPORTANT POINTS
sin1 x, cos1 x, ... etc., are angles.

If sin x and , then = sin1x etc.
2 2

Function Domain Range

(Principal Value Branch)

sin1x [1, 1] 2 , 2

cos1x [1, 1] [0, ]

tan1x R ,
2 2
cot1x R (0, )

sec1x R (1, 1) 0,
2

cosec 1x R (1, 1) 2 , 2 0

sin1 (sin x) = x x ,
2 2

cos1 (cos x) = x x [0, ] etc.

sin (sin1x) = x x [1, 1]

cos (cos1x) = x x [1, 1] etc.

17 XII Maths
 1
sin1x cosec 1 x 1, 1
x

tan1x = cot1 (1/x) x > 0

sec1x = cos1 (1/x), |x| 1

sin1(x) = sin1x x [1, 1]

tan1(x) = tan1x x R

cosec1(x) = cosec1x |x| 1

cos1(x) = cos1x [1, 1]

cot1(x) = cot1x x R

sec1(x) = sec1x |x| 1

sin1 x cos 1 x , x 1, 1
2

tan1 x cot 1 x x R
2

sec 1 x cosec 1x x 1
2

x y
tan1 x tan1 y tan1 ; xy 1.
1 xy
x y
tan1 x tan1 y tan 1 ; xy 1.
1 xy

2x
2 tan1 x tan 1 , x 1
1 x 2
2x
2 tan1 x sin1 , x 1,
1 x 2
1 x 2
2 tan1 x cos 1 , x 0.
1 x 2

XII Maths 18
 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1. Write the principal value of

1 1
(i) sin 3 2 (ii) cos 3 2 .

1 1
(iii) tan (iv) cosec1 ( 2).
3

1 1
(v) cot . (vi) sec1 ( 2).
3

1 3 1 1 1
(vii) sin cos tan 1 3
2 2

2. What is value of the following functions (using principal value).

1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3
(i) tan sec . (ii) sin cos .
3 3 2 2

1 1
(iii) tan1 (1) cot1 (1). (iv) cosec 2 sec 2.

(v) tan1 (1) + cot1 (1) + sin1 (1).

1 4 1 5
(vi) sin sin . (vii) tan tan .
5 6

1 3
(viii) cosec cosec .
4

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

1 1 cos x 1 cos x x
3. Show that tan . x [0, ]
1 cos x 1 cos x 4 2

19 XII Maths
 4. Prove

1 cos x 1 1 cos x
tan cot x 0, 2 .
1 sin x 1 cos x 4

2 2
1 x 1 x 1 a x
5. Prove tan sin cos .

a2 x 2 a a

6. Prove

1 1 8 1 1 8 1 300
cot 2 tan cos tan 2 tan sin tan .
17 17 161

2 2
1 1 x 1 x 1 1 2
7. Prove tan cos x .
2 2 4 2
1 x 1 x

1 1
8. Solve cot 2x cot 3x .
4

m m n
9. Prove that tan1 tan1 , m, n 0
n m n 4

1 2
2x 1 1 1 y x y
10. Prove that tan sin1 2
cos 1 y 2 1 xy
2 1 x 2

x 2 1 1 2x 2
11. Solve for x, cos1 2 tan1
x 1 2 1 x 2 3

1 1 1 1
12. Prove that tan1 tan1 tan1 tan1
3 5 7 8 4

13. Solve for x, tan cos 1 x sin tan1 2 ; x 0

1 1 32
14. Prove that 2 tan1 tan 1 tan 1
5 4 43

XII Maths 20
 1 3
15. Evaluate tan cos 1
2 11

a cos x b sin x a
16. Prove that tan1 tan 1 x
b cos x a sin x b

17. Prove that

1
cot tan1 x tan1 cos 1 1 2 x 2 cos 1 2 x 2 1 , x 0
x

a b b c c a
18. Prove that tan1 tan 1 tan 1 0 where a, b,
1 ab 1 bc 1 ca
c > 0

19. Solve for x, 2 tan1(cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)

20. Express
sin1 x 1 x x 1 x 2 in simplest form.

21. If tan1a + tan1b + tan1c = then

prove that a + b + c = abc

22. If sin1x > cos1x, then x belongs to which interval?

ANSWERS

1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3 6 6 6

2
(v) (vi) (vii) .
3 3 6

2. (i) 0 (ii) (iii) (iv)
3 2 2

(v) (vi) (vii) (viii) .
5 6 4

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8. 1 11. tan 2 3
12

5 11 3
13. 15.
3 3 11

19. x . 20 sin1 x sin1 x.
4

1
22. , 1
2

21. Hint: Let tan1 a =

tan1 b =
tan1 c =
then given,

take tangent on both sides,
tan ( ) = tan

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XII Maths 22