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All Important Formulae

Trigonometry –
2 2
sin θ+cos θ=1
2 2
1+ tan θ=sec θ
2 2
cot θ+1=cose c θ

sin (−x )=−sin x


cos (−x ) =cos ( x )
tan (−x ) =−tan ( x )
cosec (−x )=−cosec ( x )
sec(−x)=sec(x )
cot (−x )=−cot ( x )

sin( x+ y )=sin x cos y +cos x sin y

sin( x− y)=sin x cos y−cos x sin y

cos (x + y)=cos x cos y−sin x sin y

cos (x− y )=cos x cos y +sin x sin y

tan x+ tan y
tan ( x + y ) =
1−tan x tan y

tan x−tan y
tan(x− y )=
1+ tan x tan y
cot x cot y−1
cot ( x + y )=
cot y +cot x

cot x cot y +1
cot ( x− y ) =
cot y – cot x

2 tan x
sin 2 x=2 sin x cos x=
1+ tan2 x

−tan 2 x
cos 2 x=cos 2 x−sin2 x=2 cos 2 x−1=1−2 sin2 x=
1+tan 2 x

2 tan x
tan2 x=
1 – tan 2 x

( x+ y ) ( x− y )
cos x +cos y=2 cos cos
2 2

( x+ y ) ( x− y )
cos x−cos y=−2 sin sin
2 2

(x + y ) ( x− y )
sin x +sin y=2 sin cos
2 2

(x+ y) ( x− y )
sin x−sin y=2cos sin
2 2

2 cos x cos y=cos ( x+ y )+ cos ( x− y )


−2 sin x sin y=cos ( x+ y )−cos (x− y )

2 sin x cos y=sin ( x+ y )−sin( x− y)

2 cos x sin y=sin ( x+ y )−sin( x− y)

3
sin 3 x=3 sin x – 4 sin x

3
cos 3 x=4 cos x−3 cos x

3
3 tan x – tan x
tan3 x= 2
1 – 3 tan x

General solutions of trigonometric ratios –


 if sin θ = 0, then θ = n π
 if cos θ = 0, then θ = (2n + 1) π/2
 if tan θ = 0, then θ = n π

 if sin θ = sin α, then θ = n π + (-1)n α


 if cos θ = cos α, then θ = 2nπ + α
if tan θ = tan α, then θ = nπ + α

Some important points –


 cos (π/2 + x) = - sin x
 cos (π - x) = - cos x
 cos (π + x) = - cos x
 cos (2π - x) = cos x

 sin (π/2 + x) = cos x


 sin (π - x) = sin x
 sin (π + x) = - sin x
 sin (2π - x) = - sin x

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