SSCM 1023

LISTS OF FORMULAE

Trigonometric Hyperbolic

cos2 x + sin2 x = 1 ex − e−x

sinh x =
1 + tan2 x = sec2 x 2
ex + e−x
cot2 x + 1 = cosec2 x cosh x =
2
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x cosh2 x − sinh2 x = 1
cos 2x = cos2 x − sin2 x 1 − tanh2 x = sech2 x
= 2 cos2 x − 1 coth2 x − 1 = cosech2 x
= 1 − 2 sin x
2
sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x
2 tan x
tan 2x = cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x
1 − tan2 x
sin(x ± y) = sin x cos y ± cos x sin y = 2 cosh2 x − 1

cos(x ± y) = cos x cos y ∓ sin x sin y = 1 + 2 sinh2 x

tan x ± tan y 2 tanh x
tan(x ± y) = tanh 2x =
1 ∓ tan x tan y 1 + tanh2 x
2 sin x cos y = sin(x + y) + sin(x − y) sinh(x ± y) = sinh x cosh y ± cosh x sinh y
2 sin x sin y = − cos(x + y) + cos(x − y) cosh(x ± y) = cosh x cosh y ± sinh x sinh y
2 cos x cos y = cos(x + y) + cos(x − y) tanh x ± tanh y
tanh(x ± y) =
1 ± tanh x tanh y

Logarithm Inverse Hyperbolic

√
ax = ex ln a sinh−1 x = ln(x + x2 + 1), −∞ < x < ∞
logb x √
loga x = cosh−1 x = ln(x + x2 − 1), x ≥ 1
logb a ( )
−1 1 1+x
tanh x = ln , −1 < x < 1
2 1−x

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 SSCM 1023

Differentiations Integrations
∫
d
[k] = 0, k constant kdx = kx + C
dx
∫
d n xn+1
[x ] = nxn−1 xn dx = + C, n ̸= −1
dx n+1
∫
d 1 dx
[ln |x|] = = ln |x| + C
dx x x
∫
d
[cos x] = − sin x sin x dx = − cos x + C
dx
∫
d
[sin x] = cos x cos x dx = sin x + C
dx
∫
d
[tan x] = sec2 x sec2 x dx = tan x + C
dx
∫
d
[cot x] = −cosec2 x cosec2 x dx = − cot x + C
dx
∫
d
[sec x] = sec x tan x sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
dx
∫
d
[cosec x] = −cosec x cot x cosec x cot x dx = −cosec x + C
dx
∫
d x
[e ] = ex ex dx = ex + C
dx
∫
d
[cosh x] = sinh x sinh x dx = cosh x + C
dx
∫
d
[sinh x] = cosh x cosh x dx = sinh x + C
dx
∫
d
[tanh x] = sech2 x sech2 x dx = tanh x + C
dx
∫
d
[coth x] = −cosech2 x cosech2 x dx = − coth x + C
dx
∫
d
[sech x] = −sech x tanh x sech x tanh x dx = −sech x + C
dx
∫
d
[cosech x] = −cosech x coth x cosech x coth x dx = −cosech x + C
dx
∫
d
ln | sec x + tan x| = sec x sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C
dx
∫
d
ln |cosec x + cot x| = −cosec x cosec x dx = − ln |cosec x + cot x| + C
dx

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 SSCM 1023

Differentiations of Integrations Resulting

Inverse Functions in Inverse Functions
d 1 ∫
[sin−1 x] = √ , |x| < 1. √
dx
= sin−1 x + C.
dx 1 − x2 1 − x2
d −1 ∫
[cos−1 x] = √ , |x| < 1. dx
dx 1 − x2 = tan−1 x + C.
1 + x2
d 1
[tan−1 x] = . ∫
dx 1 + x2 dx
√ = sec−1 x + C.
d −1 |x| x2 − 1
[cot−1 x] = .
dx 1 + x2 ∫
dx
d 1 √ = sinh−1 x + C.
[sec−1 x] = √ , |x| > 1. x2 + 1
dx |x| x2 − 1 ∫
dx
d −1 √ = cosh−1 x + C, x > 1.
[cosec−1 x] = √ , |x| > 1. x2 − 1
dx |x| x2 − 1
∫
d 1 dx
[sinh−1 x] = √ 1 − x2
dx x2 + 1 
d 1  tanh−1 x + C, |x| < 1,
[cosh−1 x] = √ , |x| > 1. =
dx x −1
2
 coth−1 x + C, |x| > 1.
d 1
[tanh−1 x] = , |x| < 1.
dx 1 − x2 ∫
dx
d 1 √ = −sech−1 x + C,
[coth−1 x] = , |x| > 1. x 1 − x2
dx 1 − x2 0 < x < 1.
d −1
[sech−1 x] = √ , 0 < x < 1. ∫
dx x 1 − x2 √
dx
= −cosech−1 x + C,
d −1 x 1 + x2
[cosech−1 x] = √ , x ̸= 0. 0 < x < 1.
dx |x| 1 + x2