SSCM 1023

LISTS OF FORMULAE

Trigonometric Hyperbolic

cos2 x + sin2 x = 1 ex − e−x

sinh x =
1 + tan2 x = sec2 x 2
ex + e−x
cot2 x + 1 = cosec2 x cosh x =
2
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x 2 2
cosh x − sinh x = 1
cos 2x = cos2 x − sin2 x 1 − tanh2 x = sech2 x
= 2 cos2 x − 1 coth2 x − 1 = cosech2 x
= 1 − 2 sin2 x sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x
2 tan x
tan 2x = cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x
1 − tan2 x
= 2 cosh2 x − 1
sin(x ± y) = sin x cos y ± cos x sin y
= 1 + 2 sinh2 x
cos(x ± y) = cos x cos y ∓ sin x sin y
tan x ± tan y 2 tanh x
tan(x ± y) = tanh 2x =
1 ∓ tan x tan y 1 + tanh2 x
2 sin x cos y = sin(x + y) + sin(x − y) sinh(x ± y) = sinh x cosh y ± cosh x sinh y

2 sin x sin y = − cos(x + y) + cos(x − y) cosh(x ± y) = cosh x cosh y ± sinh x sinh y

tanh x ± tanh y
2 cos x cos y = cos(x + y) + cos(x − y) tanh(x ± y) =
1 ± tanh x tanh y

Logarithm Inverse Hyperbolic

√
ax = ex ln a sinh−1 x = ln(x + x2 + 1), −∞ < x < ∞
√
logb x cosh−1 x = ln(x + x2 − 1), x ≥ 1
loga x =
logb a  
−1 1 1+x
tanh x = ln , −1 < x < 1
2 1−x

4
 SSCM 1023
Differentiations Integrations
Z
d
[k] = 0, k constant kdx = kx + C
dx
xn+1
Z
d n
[x ] = nxn−1 n
x dx = + C, n ̸= −1
dx n+1
Z
d 1 dx
[ln |x|] = = ln |x| + C
dx x x
Z
d
[cos x] = − sin x sin x dx = − cos x + C
dx
Z
d
[sin x] = cos x cos x dx = sin x + C
dx
Z
d
[tan x] = sec2 x sec2 x dx = tan x + C
dx
Z
d
[cot x] = −cosec2 x cosec2 x dx = − cot x + C
dx
Z
d
[sec x] = sec x tan x sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
dx
Z
d
[cosec x] = −cosec x cot x cosec x cot x dx = −cosec x + C
dx
Z
d x
[e ] = ex ex dx = ex + C
dx
Z
d
[cosh x] = sinh x sinh x dx = cosh x + C
dx
Z
d
[sinh x] = cosh x cosh x dx = sinh x + C
dx
Z
d
[tanh x] = sech2 x sech2 x dx = tanh x + C
dx
Z
d
[coth x] = −cosech2 x cosech2 x dx = − coth x + C
dx
Z
d
[sech x] = −sech x tanh x sech x tanh x dx = −sech x + C
dx
Z
d
[cosech x] = −cosech x coth x cosech x coth x dx = −cosech x + C
dx
Z
d
ln | sec x + tan x| = sec x sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C
dx
Z
d
ln |cosec x + cot x| = −cosec x cosec x dx = − ln |cosec x + cot x| + C
dx

5
 SSCM 1023

Differentiations of Integrations Resulting

Inverse Functions in Inverse Functions
d 1 du
Z
dx −1 x
 
[sin−1 u] = √ · , |u| < 1. √ = sin + C.
dx 1 − u2 dx a2 − x 2 a
d −1 du
[cos−1 u] = √ · , |u| < 1.
Z
dx 1 −1 x
 
dx 1 − u2 dx = tan + C.
a2 + x 2 a a
d 1 du
[tan−1 u] = · . Z
dx 2
1 + u dx dx 1 −1 x
 
√ = sec + C.
d −1 du |x| x2 − a2 a a
[cot−1 u] = 2
· .
dx 1 + u dx Z
dx x
d 1 du √ = sinh−1 + C, a > 0.
[sec−1 u] = √ · , |u| > 1. x 2 + a2 a
dx |u| u − 1 dx
2
Z
dx −1 x
 
d −1 du √ = cosh + C, x > 0.
[cosec−1 u] = √ · , |u| > 1. x 2 − a2 a
dx |u| u2 − 1 dx Z
d 1 du dx
[sinh−1 u] = √ · a2− x2
dx u2 + 1 dx  1 x
d 1 du  tanh−1
 + C, |x| < a,
[cosh−1 u] = √ · , |u| > 1. a a
dx u2 − 1 dx =
 1 coth−1 x + C, |x| > a.
  
d 1 du a a
[tanh−1 u] = 2
· , |u| < 1.
dx 1 − u dx Z
dx 1 x
d 1 du √ = − sech−1 + C,
[coth−1 u] = 2
· , |u| > 1. x a2 − x 2 a a
dx 1 − u dx 0 < x < a.
d −1 du
[sech−1 u] = √ · , 0 < u < 1.
dx u 1 − u dx
2
Z
dx 1 x
√ = − cosech−1 + C,
d −1 du x a2 + x 2 a a
[cosech−1 u] = √ · , u ̸= 0. 0 < x < a.
dx |u| 1 + u dx
2

6
 SSCM 1023

SSCM 1023

Arc Length:
Z t=t1 p
Parametric L= (x0 (t))2 + (y 0 (t))2 dt
x = f (t), t=t0

y = g(t)
Z x=b p
Cartesian L= 1 + (f 0 (x))2 dx
y = f (x) x=a
Z y=d p
Cartesian L= 1 + (g 0 (y))2 dy
x = g(y) y=c
s 2
Z b 
dr
Polar L= r2 + dθ
a dθ
r = f (θ)

Area of Surface Revolution:

Type of Revolve 360o around X-axis Revolve 360o around Y-axis

equation s s
Z b  2 Z b  2
dr dr
Polar Sx = 2πrsin θ r2 + dθ Sy = 2πrcos θ r2 + dθ
a dθ a dθ
r = f (θ)
Z t2 p Z t2 p
Parametric Sx = 2πy(t) (x0 (t))2 + (y 0 (t))2 dt Sy = 2πx(t) (x0 (t))2 + (y 0 (t))2 dt
x = f (t), t1 t1

y = g(t)
Z b p Z b p
Cartesian Sx = 2πf (x) 1 + (f 0 (x))2 dx Sy = 2πx 1 + (f 0 (x))2 dx
y = f (x) a a
Z d p Z d p
Cartesian Sx = 2πy 1 + (g 0 (y))2 dy Sy = 2πg(y) 1 + (g 0 (y))2 dy
x = g(y) c c

86
7