Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT

UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com

HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

7.6 Trigonometric Differentiation

f(x) f '(x)
sin x cos x
cos x −sin x

tan x sec2x
cot x −csc2x
sec x sec x tan x
csc x −csc x cot x
※ It just happens that when the original function (left column) starts with the sound “co-“ have a negative
sign in the derivative formula. Hence, there is a trick how to remember where to put the negative sign.

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC DIFFERENTIATION

d 1
(sin −1 x) =
dx 1− x2

d −1
(cos −1 x) =
dx 1− x2

d 1
(tan −1 x) =
dx 1+ x2

d −1
(cot −1 x) =
dx 1+ x2

d 1
(sec −1 x) =
dx x x 2 −1

d −1
(csc −1 x) =
dx x x 2 −1
 Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT
UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com
HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

Example 1(addition) Example 2(Product Rule) Example 3(Quotient Rule)

sinx
y=
x
y = xsinx x(sinx ) − x sinx
y = sinx + 4 cos x y =
y  = x(sinx ) + x sinx x2
y  = cos x − 4sinx
y  = x cos x + 1sinx x cos x −1sinx
y  = −sinx − 4 cos x y =
= x cos x +sinx x2
x cos x − sinx
=
x2

Example 4(Chain Rule) Example
 5(Chain Rule)
 x + 1
y = tan 
 x −1
 x + 1  x + 1
y  = sec 2   •  chain rule y = x 2 sec x 3
 x −1  x −1
 (x −1)(x + 1) − (x −1)(x + 1)  y  = (x )sec x + x (sec x )
2 3 2 3
product rule
2  x + 1
y  = sec   • 
 x −1  (x −1) 2  = 2x sec x 3 + x 2 sec x 3 tan x 3 •(x 3 ) chain rule
 x + 1  (x −1)(1) − (1)(x + 1)  = 2x sec x 3 + x 2 sec x 3 tan x 3 • 3x 2
= sec 2   • 
 x −1  (x −1) 2  = 2x sec x 3 + 3x 4 sec x 3 tan x 3
 x + 1  −2  = (2 + 3x 3 tan x 3 )x sec x 3
= sec 2   • 2
 x −1  (x −1) 
−2  x + 1
= sec 2  
(x −1) 2
 x −1 

Example 6
sin x
If k ( x) = , then find k (x) .
1 + cos x

(1 + cos x)(cos x) − (sin x)(− sin x) cos x + cos 2 x + sin 2 x

k ( x) = = =
(1 + cos x) 2 (1 + cos x) 2

cos x + 1 1
= .
(1 + cos x) 2 1 + cos x
 Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT
UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com
HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

Example 7 (from 1st Principles)

(1) f ( x) = sin x

f ( x + h) − f ( x )
f ( x) = lim
h →0 h
sin( x + h) − sin x
= lim
h →0 h

sin x cosh + cos x sinh − sin x

= lim
h →0 h
sin x(cosh − 1) + cos x sinh
= lim
h →0 h

 cosh − 1  sinh 
= (sin x) lim + (cos x ) lim  = (sin x)(0) + (cos x)(1)
 h →0 h  
 h →0 h 
= cos x
(2) f ( x) = cos x

f ( x + h) − f ( x )
f ( x) = lim
h →0 h
cos( x + h) − cos x
= lim
h →0 h

cos x cosh − sin x sinh − cos x

= lim
h →0 h
cos x(cosh − 1) − sin x sinh
= lim
h →0 h

 cosh − 1  sinh 
= (cos x) lim  − (sin x) lim 
 h →0 h   h →0 h 
= (cos x)(0) − (sin x)(1)
= − sin x
sin x
(3) f ( x) = tan x =
cos x
(cos x)(cos x) − (sin x)(− sin x)
f ( x) =
(cos x) 2
cos2 x + sin 2 x
=
cos2 x
1
=
cos2 x
= sec2 x
 Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT
UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com
HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

1
(4) f ( x) = sec x =
cos x
(cos x)(0) − 1(− sin x)
f ( x) =
(cos x) 2
sin x
=
cos2 x
1 sin x
= 
cos x cos x
= sec x tan x
1
(5) f ( x) = csc x =
sin x
(sin x)(0) − 1(cos x)
f ( x) =
(sin x) 2
− cos x
=
sin 2 x
− 1 cos x
= 
sin x sin x
= − csc x cot x
cos x
(6) f ( x) = cot x =
sin x
(sin x)(sin x) − (cos x)(cos x)
f ( x) =
(sin x) 2
− cos2 x − sin 2 x
=
sin 2 x
−1
= 2
sin x
= − csc2 x
 Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT
UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com
HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

Example 8
dy
Find of each of the following functions.
dx
1
(a) y = 5 sin( 5 x + 1) (b) y = x 2 cos (c) y = cos x 2 − 1
x
Solution:
dy d
(a) = [5 sin( 5 x + 1)]
dx dx
d
= 5 [sin( 5 x + 1)]
dx
d
= 5 cos(5 x + 1) (5 x + 1)
dx
= 5 cos(5 x + 1) • (5)
= 25 cos(5 x + 1)
dy d  2 1
(b) =  x cos 
dx dx  x
d  1  1 d
= x 2  cos  +  cos  ( x 2 )
dx  x  x  dx
 1 d 1  1
= x 2  − sin    +  cos (2 x)
 x  dx  x   x
1  1  1
= − x 2 sin •  − 2  + 2 x cos
x  x  x
1 1
= sin + 2 x cos
x x
dy d
(c) = ( cos x 2 − 1)
dx dx
1
d
= (cos x − 1) 2
2

dx
1
1 − d
= (cos x 2 − 1) 2
(cos x 2 − 1)
2 dx
1
1 −  d d 
= (cos x 2 − 1) 2  (cos x 2 ) − (1)
2  dx dx 
1
1  − d 2 
= (cos x − 1) 2 − sin x 2
2
( x ) − 0
2  dx 

 
1
1 −
= (cos x 2 − 1) 2 − sin x 2 • (2 x)
2
1
−
= − x sin x 2 (cos x 2 − 1) 2
 Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT
UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com
HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

Example 9
dy
Find of each of the following functions.
dx
1
(a) y = cot
2x
π
(b) y = tan(3x − )
4
(c) y = (sec x + cot x) 2
Solution:
dy d  1 
(a) =  cot 
dx dx  2x 
1 d  1 
= − cosec 2 •  
2 x dx  2 x 
1  1 −2 
= − cosec 2 • − x 
2x  2 
1 1
= 2 cosec 2
2x 2x
dy d   π 
(b) =  tan 3x − 
dx dx   4 
 π d  π
= sec 2  3x −  •  3x − 
 4  dx  4
 π
= 3 sec 2  3x − 
 4
dy d
(c) = (sec x + cot x) 2
dx dx
d
= 2(sec x + cot x) (sec x + cot x)
dx
d d 
= 2(sec x + cot x)  (sec x) + (cot x)
 dx dx 
= 2(sec x + cot x)(sec x tan x − cosec x)
2
 Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT
UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com
HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

Your Turn!

Calculate dy/dx if or find the derivatives of the following functions:

1. y = sin(3x2 1)
2. y = cosec x
3. f(x) = tan(x2 1)
4. g(x) = cosec(e3x)
5. h(x) = e xsin(2x)
6. s(x) = sin(x2)
7. r(x) = sin2x
8. y = x sin x
9. y= x2+x/ sin x