MATH 117 – Formula Page

(You can use these formulas without proof )

1 Trigonometric Identities

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ
cos(α + β) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β
sin(α + β) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β
tan α + tan β
tan(α + β) =
1 − tan α tan β
cos 2θ = cos θ − sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 θ
2

sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ

2 tan θ
tan 2θ =
1 − tan2 θ
1
cos2 θ = (1 + cos 2θ)
2
1
sin2 θ = (1 − cos 2θ)
2

2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

h π πi
−1
y = sin (x) ⇐⇒ sin y = x : −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , y ∈ − ,
2 2
y = cos−1 (x) ⇐⇒ cos y = x : −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , y ∈ [0, π]
 π π
−1
y = tan (x) ⇐⇒ tan y = x : −∞ < x < ∞ , y ∈ − ,
2 2
−1
h π h π
y = sec (x) ⇐⇒ sec y = x : |x| ≥ 1 , y ∈ −π, − ∪ 0,
2 2
     
1 1 1
sec−1 (y) = cos−1 , csc−1 (y) = sin−1 , cot−1 (y) = tan−1
y y y

3 Hyperbolic Functions

1
cosh θ = (eθ + e−θ )
2
1 θ
sinh θ = (e − e−θ )
2
sinh θ
tanh θ =
cosh θ
cosh θ − sinh2 θ = 1
2

cosh 2θ = 2 cosh2 θ − 1 = 2 sinh2 θ + 1

2 tanh θ
sinh 2θ = 2 sinh θ cosh θ =
1 − tanh2 θ