Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation

Rochester Area Reliability Project

Appendix C
Transmission Line EMF Study

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
C.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... C-1
C.2 Electric and Magnetic Field Standards ........................................................................... C-1
C.2.1 New York State Public Service Commission Standards..................................... C-1
C.2.2 Exposure Standards ............................................................................................. C-1
C.3 EMF Analysis of the Proposed New and Relocated Circuits ......................................... C-2
C.3.1 Line Construction................................................................................................ C-2
C.3.2 Conductor Rating Information ............................................................................ C-3
C.3.3 Calculation Procedures ....................................................................................... C-6
C.3.4 EMF Calculation Results .................................................................................... C-7
C.4 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... C-9
C.5 EMF Background Information ...................................................................................... C-35
C.5.1 General Description of Electric Fields .............................................................. C-35
C.5.2 General Description of Magnetic Fields ........................................................... C-35

LIST OF TABLES
Table C-1: IRPA Exposure Characteristics to Electric and Magnetic Fields ............................. C-2
Table C-2: Conductor Rating Information ................................................................................. C-3
Table C-3: Calculated Magnetic Fields at Edge of ROW........................................................... C-8
Table C-4: Calculated Electric Fields at Edge of ROW ............................................................. C-8

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure C-1: Key Map of Sections Used for EMF Modeling Calculations ............................... C-10
Figure C-2: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 1-A) ........................... C-11
Figure C-3: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 1-B) ........................... C-12
Figure C-4: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 2-A) ........................... C-13
Figure C-5: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 2-B) ........................... C-14
Figure C-6: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 3-A) ........................... C-15
Figure C-7: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 3-B) ........................... C-16
Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-i Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
 LIST OF FIGURES (Cont'd)
Figure C-8: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 4-A) ........................... C-17
Figure C-9: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 4-B) ........................... C-18
Figure C-10: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 5-A) ......................... C-19
Figure C-11: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 5-B) ......................... C-20
Figure C-12: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 6-A) ......................... C-21
Figure C-13: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 6-B) ......................... C-22
Figure C-14: Magnetic Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 7) ............................. C-23
Figure C-15: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 1-A) ............................ C-24
Figure C-16: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 1-B) ............................ C-25
Figure C-17: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 2-A) ............................ C-26
Figure C-18: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 2-B) ............................ C-27
Figure C-19: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 3-A) ............................ C-28
Figure C-20: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 3-B) ............................ C-29
Figure C-21: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 4-A) ............................ C-30
Figure C-22: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 5-A) ............................ C-31
Figure C-23: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 5-B) ............................ C-32
Figure C-24: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 6-A) ............................ C-33
Figure C-25: Electric Fields Profile - Winter Normal Rating (Section 7) ................................ C-34

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-ii Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
C.1 Introduction

This report analyzes the electric and magnetic field (EMF) impact associated with the Rochester
Area Reliability Project (the Project) and summarizes the results of calculated EMF levels. The
Project includes new 345 kV circuit 40, new 115 kV circuits 940 and 941 and the partial
relocation of existing 115 kV circuit 906. Electric and magnetic field calculations were
performed assuming winter normal conductor rating for all new conductors in the transmission
line corridors as required by the New York State Public Service Commission (NYSPSC).

C.2 Electric and Magnetic Field Standards

C.2.1 New York State Public Service Commission Standards

The applicable electric field strength standards established by the NYSPSC are set forth in
Opinion No. 78-13 (issued June 19, 1978). The magnetic field standards established by the
NYSPSC are set forth in the NYSPSCs Interim Policy Statement on Magnetic Fields, issued
September 11, 1990, (Interim Policy).

Opinion No. 78-13 established an electric field strength interim standard of 1.6 kV/m for Article
VII electric transmission lines, at the edge of the right-of-way, one meter above ground level,
with the line at the rated voltage. The Interim Policy establishes a magnetic field strength interim
standard of 200 mG, measured at one meter above grade, at the edge of the right-of-way, at the
point of lowest conductor sag. The measurement is based on the expected circuit phase currents
being equal to the Winter Normal conductor rating.

C.2.2 Exposure Standards

The International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiation Protection

Association (IRPA) has published Interim Guidelines on limits of Exposure to 50/60 Hz.
Electric and Magnetic Fields. The Committee approved the guidelines in 1998. Those
guidelines for 60 Hz fields are:

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-1 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
 Table C-1: IRPA Exposure Characteristics to Electric and Magnetic Fields
Electric Field Stress Magnetic Flux
Exposure Characteristics
(kV/m) Density (mG)
General Public 5 833
Occupational 10 4167
Source: International Radiation Protection Association, 1988

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has specified that worker
exposure to magnetic fields should not exceed 1000 mG (for workers with pace-makers) to
10,000 mG (for other workers).

C.3 EMF Analysis of the Proposed New and Relocated Circuits

C.3.1 Line Construction

Project line construction involves new circuits 40, 940 and 941 and the partial relocation of
circuit 906. EMF pertinent information of the proposed new and relocated line construction is
summarized as follows:

Circuit 40 will parallel two existing New York Power Authority (NYPA) 345 kV lines to
connect new Station 255 to existing Station 80. This facility will be entirely overhead and will be
designed for and operated at a nominal system voltage of 345 kV AC. The conductor is expected
to be a bundle of 2-795 KCM ACSR 26/7 Drake conductors per phase that will provide a
normal winter rating of 1591 MVA and winter long term emergency (LTE) rating of 1745 MVA.
The 345 kV single pole structures will support two aerial ground wires. One 3/8 inch galvanized
extra high strength (EHS) steel wire and one optical ground wire (OPGW) equivalent to 3/8 inch
galvanized EHS steel wire.

Circuit 940 will connect new Station 255 to existing Station 418 and circuit 941 will connect
new Station 255 to existing Station 23. Circuits 940 and 941 will be partially overhead and
partially underground and will be designed for and operated at a nominal system voltage of 115
kV AC. The overhead portions of the circuits will be constructed on Wood Pole Equivalent
(WPE) steel, single-circuit, single-pole structures. The conductors are expected to be a bundle of
2-1033.5 KCM ACSR 45/7 Ortolan conductors per phase that will provide a normal summer
rating of 300 MVA and summer long term emergency (LTE) rating of 550 MVA. Circuits 940

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-2 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
and 941 will each support one OPGW equivalent to 3/8 inch galvanized EHS steel wire
containing 24-36 optical fibers.

To accommodate circuits 940 and 941, a segment of existing circuit 906 will be relocated and
rebuilt. The relocation of circuit 906 will be entirely overhead construction with single wood
pole or WPE steel structures. Circuit 906 will continue to operate at a nominal system voltage of
115 kV AC. The conductor will be identical to the existing conductor, 336.4 KCM ACSR 26/7
Linnet. The static wire will be identical to the existing static wire, 3/8 inch galvanized EHS
steel wire.

C.3.2 Conductor Rating Information

All new and relocated lines will be capable of transmitting their normal maximum ratings. Table
C-2 indicates the current ratings for the new and relocated lines included in the Project as well as
the other lines in the transmission line corridors. The table also includes conductor and static
wires used in the EMF analysis.

Table C-2: Conductor Rating Information

Conductors Static Wires Winter
Line Ckt. T-Line Used for Used for Normal
Voltage NOTES
Owner Number Status Modeling Modeling Current1
EMF EMF (Amps)
1xOPGW Line Data From
2x1033.5
0.579" Dia. Exhibit E1;
Kcmil ACSR
RGE 941 115 kV New 24-36 Fibers 1840A 300 MVA
Ortolan 45/7
3/8" EHS Summer Normal;
Strand
Steel Equiv. 550 LTE Summer
1xOPGW Line Data From
2x1033.5
0.579" Dia. Exhibit E1;
Kcmil ACSR
RGE 940 115 kV New 24-36 Fibers 1840A 300 MVA
Ortolan 45/7
3/8" EHS Summer Normal;
Strand
Steel Equiv. 550 LTE Summer
1x336.4 Line Data and
Kcmil ACSR 1x3/8"EHS Ampacity Rating
RGE 906 115 kV Existing 780A
Linnet 26/7 Steel Data Provided by
Strand RGE

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-3 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
 Conductors Static Wires Winter
Line Ckt. T-Line Used for Used for Normal
Voltage NOTES
Owner Number Status Modeling Modeling Current1
EMF EMF (Amps)
Line Data and
Ampacity Rating
2x1033.5 Data Provided by
Kcmil AAC 1x3/8"EHS RGE;
RGE 916 115 kV Existing 1200A
Bluebell 37 Steel2 UG Portion I/C
Strand 1000 Kcmil AL
HPOF/450 CU
HPOF Cable
1x1033.5 Line Data and
Kcmil AAC 1x3/8"EHS Ampacity Rating
RGE 921 115 kV Existing 850A
Bluebell 37 Steel2 Data Provided by
Strand RGE
Line Data and
Ampacity Rating
1431 Kcmil
Data Provided by
AAC 1x3/8"EHS
RGE 926 115 kV Existing 1760A RGE;
Carnation 61 Steel2
Underground
Strand
Portion I/C 1500
Kcmil EPR
1x1033.5 Line Data and
Kcmil AAC 1x3/8"EHS Ampacity Rating
RGE 910 115 kV Existing 850A
Bluebell 37 Steel2 Data Provided by
Strand RGE
Line Data and
1xOPGW
1x1431 Ampacity Rating
0.579" Dia.
Kcmil ACSR Data Provided by
RGE 939 115 kV Future 24-36 Fibers 1257A
Plover 54/19 RGE;
3/8" EHS
Strand 250 MVA for
Steel Equiv.
Future Ckt. 939

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-4 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
 Conductors Static Wires Winter
Line Ckt. T-Line Used for Used for Normal
Voltage NOTES
Owner Number Status Modeling Modeling Current1
EMF EMF (Amps)
Line Data From
National Grid
1x795 Kcmil
Lockport
ACSR 1x3/8"EHS
NGRID 111 115 kV Future 1359A Mortimer 111
Drake 26/7 Steel2
Rebuild Project
Strand
Article V11
Application
Line Data From
National Grid
1x795 Kcmil
Lockport
ACSR 1x3/8"EHS
NGRID 113 115 kV Existing 878A Mortimer 111
Drake 26/7 Steel2
Rebuild Project
Strand2
Article V11
Application
Line Data From
National Grid
1x795 Kcmil
Lockport
ACSR 1x3/8"EHS
NGRID 114 115 kV Existing 878A Mortimer 111
Drake 26/7 Steel2
Rebuild Project
Strand2
Article V11
Application
2xOPGW Line Data From
1x795 Kcmil
0.579" Dia. Exhibit E1;
ACSR
RGE 40 345 kV New 24-36 Fibers 2666A 1591 MVA Winter
Drake 26/7
3/8" EHS Normal; Winter
Strand
Steel Equiv. LTE 1745 MVA
2x795 Kcmil 2x190.8 Kcmil
Line Data
ACSR ACSR
NYPA NR1 345 kV Existing 2652A2 Provided by
Drake 26/7 Dorking 12/7
National Grid
Strand Strand
2x795 Kcmil 2x190.8 Kcmil
Line Data
ACSR ACSR
NYPA NR2 345 kV Existing 2652A2 Provided by
Drake 26/7 Dorking 12/7
National Grid
Strand Strand

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-5 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
 Conductors Static Wires Winter
Line Ckt. T-Line Used for Used for Normal
Voltage NOTES
Owner Number Status Modeling Modeling Current1
EMF EMF (Amps)
Line Data
1x477 Kcmil 1x1/0 AWG
Assumed for
AAC ACSR Neutral
RGE N/A 34/25 kV Existing 880A2 Typical
Cosmos 19 Raven 6/1
Distribution
Strand2 Strand
Underbuild
Line Data
1x336.4 1x1/0 AWG
Assumed for
Kcmil AAC ACSR Neutral
RGE N/A 12 kV Existing 705A2 Typical
Tulip 19 Raven 6/1
Distribution
Strand2 Strand
Underbuild
1 Winter Normal Current-Phase Current in Amperes Based on Outside Temperature of 10 C
(50 F) and Conductor Temperature of 95 C (203 F)
2 Assumed wire size for EMF Calculations
3 Assumed Phase Current at Winter Normal (Amps) Based on Maximum Conductor Ampacity in
Accordance with "The Report of the New York Power Pool Task Force on Tie Line Ratings"
Line Owners: RGE-Rochester Gas & Electric; NGRID-Niagara Mohawk/National Grid; NYPA-New
York Power Authority

C.3.3 Calculation Procedures

All electric and magnetic field calculations of aerial lines were performed using PLS-CADD
EMF Calculator, based on the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Red Book methods (2nd
Edition, 1982). EMF calculations for corridors containing underground lines were modeled using
the PLS-CADD EMF Calculator and Safe Engineering Services and Technology, LTD Software
(SES).

The electric and magnetic fields were analyzed along the corridors at 13 cross sections. The cross
sections are included in the Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII application as Figures
5-1a through 5-1h. For EMF modeling purposes, the cross sections assume all circuit structures
are aligned on both sides of the span so that mid-span sags of each circuit would occur at the
same station. This was done to produce maximum EMF values. New circuits, relocated circuits
and existing circuits are not expected to be in perfect alignment once constructed. Modeling in

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-6 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
this manner will produce EMF values higher than would be expected at actual locations along
the corridors.

All EMF calculations were made along a line perpendicular to the transmission line and at one
(1) meter (3.28 feet) above ground level. EMF calculations were made at mid-span with
conductors at 27 feet above ground for new 345 kV circuit 40 and the other 345 kV circuits
located in the Project transmission line corridors. EMF calculations were made at mid-span with
conductors at 23 feet above ground for new 115 kV circuits 940 and 941, relocated 115 kV
circuit 906, and the other 115 kV circuits in the Project transmission line corridors. The
modeling of circuit 916 in cross section 3-B (Figure C-7) required an exception because circuit
916 has 2 distribution circuits and a neutral wire in addition to the transmission circuit phase
wires. Accordingly, the transmission line phases were modeled higher. The modeled 115 kV and
345 kV conductor sag heights above ground represent minimum clearances at the 4-hour Long
Term Emergency (LTE) line rating. The Winter Normal Rating conductor sag will be higher than
the modeled sag, thus producing EMF values higher than would be expected in the lines.

For the purpose of evaluating magnetic fields, phase A will have a phase angle 0 degrees, phase
B will have a phase angle -120 degrees and phase C will have a phase angle 120 degrees.
Typically, modeling the same phasing configuration across the right-of-way as ABC ABC
ABC or ABC ABC top to bottom produces maximum EMF values. Other phase
arrangement combinations were tested to ensure maximum calculated EMF values. The
calculated EMF values due to phase configuration combinations are expected to be higher than
produced at actual locations along the corridors. Balanced three phase loads were assumed.

C.3.4 EMF Calculation Results

The results of the magnetic field calculations are shown in Table C-3 and graphically depicted on
Figures C-2 to C-14. Results of the electric field calculations are shown in Table C-4 and
graphically depicted on Figures C-15 to C-24.

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-7 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
 Table C-3: Calculated Magnetic Fields at Edge of ROW
Exhibit 5 Magnetic Magnetic
Cross Cross- Field (mG) Field (mG)
Figure Transmission Cross
Section Ref. @ Left @ Right
Number Sections on ROW
Number Figure Edge of Edge of
No. ROW ROW
C-2 1-A 5-1a 40, NR1, NR2 102 172
C-3 1-B 5-1b 940, 941, NR1, NR2 84 145
C-4 2-A 5-1c 940, 941, 906 99 46
C-5 2-B 5-1c 940, 941, 906 88 48
C-6 3-A 5-1d 940, 941 68 68
C-7 3-B 5-1d 940, 941, 916, 921 40 72
C-8 4-A 5-1e 941, 926 123 82
C-9 4-B 5-1e 941, 916, 926 20 114
C-10 5-A 5-1f 941 126 56
C-11 5-B 5-1f 941 64 56
C-12 6-A 5-1g 941 173 57
C-13 6-B 5-1g 941 73 73
940, 939, 910, 111, 113,
C-14 7 5-1h 83 140
114
Source: SECo, 2011
Table C-4: Calculated Electric Fields at Edge of ROW
Electric
Exhibit 5 Electric
Field
Cross Cross- Field
Figure Transmission Cross (kV/m) @
Section Ref. (kV/m) @
Number Sections on ROW Right
Number Figure Left Edge
Edge of
No. of ROW
ROW
C-15 1-A 5-1a 40, NR1, NR2 0.94 1.56
C-16 1-B 5-1b 940, 941, NR1, NR2 0.5 0.08
C-17 2-A 5-1c 940, 941, 906 0.44 0.22
C-18 2-B 5-1c 940, 941, 906 0.09 0.23
C-19 3-A 5-1d 940, 941 0.35 0.35
C-20 3-B 5-1d 940, 941, 916, 921 0.2 0.34
C-21 4-A 5-1e 941, 926 0.64 0.35
C-22 5-A 5-1f 941 0.67 0.28
C-23 5-B 5-1f 941 0.26 0.28
C-24 6-A 5-1g 941 1.16 0.07
940, 939, 910, 111, 113,
C-25 7 5-1h 0.16 0.29
114
Source: SECo, 2011

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-8 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
C.4 Conclusions

Electric and magnetic field calculations were performed for the new and relocated transmission
lines of the Project. The aerial line calculations were performed using the PLS-CADD EMF
Calculator, based on the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Red Book methods (2nd
Edition, 1982). EMF calculations for underground lines were modeled using Safe Engineering
Services and Technology, LTD Software (SES). The calculations were made in accordance with
the guidelines stipulated in the NYSPSC Intern Policy Statement on magnetic fields, issued
September 11, 1990.

According to the NYSPSC Interim Policy Statement on Magnetic Fields, the peak field at the
edge of the right-of-way corresponding to the Winter Normal conductor rating shall not exceed
200 mG. The calculated magnetic field for the new circuits 40, 940 and 941 and relocated circuit
906 varies from 20 mG to 173 mG at the edge of the right-of-way for 13 cross sections
investigated, which is within the stipulated limit.

According to the NYSPSC and standards set forth in Opinion No. 78-13, the maximum electric
field at the edge of the right-of-way shall not exceed 1.6 kV/m. The calculated electric field for
the new circuits 40, 940 and 941 and relocated circuit 906 varies from 0.08 kV/m to 1.56 kV/m
for the 11 cross sections analyzed, which is within the stipulated limit. Note that electric fields
were not calculated for the two sections along circuit 941 that include only underground lines
sections 4B and 6B since electric fields for underground circuits are effectively shielded by the
ground.

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-9 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
 Figure C--1: Key Map
p of Section
ns Used for EMF Modelling Calcula
ations

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-10 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-2
2: Magnetic Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 1-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-11 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-3
3: Magnetic Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 1-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-12 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-4
4: Magnetic Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 2-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-13 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-5
5: Magnetic Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 2-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-14 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-6
6: Magnetic Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 3-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-15 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-7
7: Magnetic Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 3-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-16 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-8
8: Magnetic Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 4-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-17 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-9
9: Magnetic Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 4-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-18 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-10
0: Magnetic
c Fields Pro
ofile - Winte r Normal Ra
ating (Sectiion 5-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-19 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-11
1: Magnetic
c Fields Pro
ofile - Winte r Normal Ra
ating (Sectiion 5-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-20 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-12
2: Magnetic
c Fields Pro
ofile - Winte r Normal Ra
ating (Sectiion 6-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-21 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-13
3: Magnetic
c Fields Pro
ofile - Winte r Normal Ra
ating (Sectiion 6-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-22 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-1
14: Magnetiic Fields Prrofile - Winte
er Normal R
Rating (Section 7)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-23 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-1
15: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 1-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-24 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-1
16: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 1-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-25 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-1
17: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 2-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-26 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-1
18: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 2-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-27 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-1
19: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 3-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-28 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-2
20: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 3-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-29 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-2
21: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 4-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-30 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-2
22: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 5-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-31 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-2
23: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 5-B)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-32 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C-2
24: Electric Fields Proffile - Winterr Normal Ra
ating (Sectio
on 6-A)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-33 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
 Figure C--25: Electric
c Fields Pro
ofile - Winte
er Normal R
Rating (Section 7)

Rochester Gas and Electrric Corporatio

on C-34 Appendixx C: Transmisssion Line EMFF Study
Rochester Area
A Reliabilitty Project Arrticle VII Appliication
C.5 EMF Background Information

C.5.1 General Description of Electric Fields

Voltage on any wire produces an electric field in the area surrounding the wire. Electric fields
are invisible lines of force that repel or attract electrical charges. As with a magnet, if the charges
are the same, the charges repel each other. If the charges are different (i.e., one negative and one
positive), there will be an attractive force between them.

Power line electric fields are commonly given in terms of lateral profile of the field in the
absence of any objects that would modify the field. The ground-level electric fields are generally
calculated and measured one meter (3.28 feet) above the ground level. Electric field strength is
measured in volts per meter (V/m). Near high voltage transmission lines, the unit kilovolt per
meter (kV/m) is used to describe the electric field strength. A measurement of 1 kV/m means
there is 1000 volt difference between two points in air, separated by one meter (3.28 feet).
Electric fields are proportional to the operating voltage of the transmission line. The line voltage
is controlled within a small range (usually +/- 5%) and, hence, little variation is expected in the
electric field levels.

C.5.2 General Description of Magnetic Fields

Any object with an electric charge has a voltage (potential) at its surface and can create an
electric field. When charges move together (an electric current) they create a magnetic field,
which can exert force on other electric currents. All currents create magnetic fields. Magnetic
fields occur throughout nature and are one of the basic forces of nature. The strength of the
magnetic field depends on the current (higher currents create higher magnetic fields), the
configuration/size of the source, spacing between conductors, and distance (magnetic fields grow
weaker as the distance from the source increases).

Magnetic fields can be static (unchanging) in direction caused by direct current (DC) or changing
(alternating) in direction caused by alternating current (AC). Some electric devices operate on a
DC system while others operate on an AC system. The magnetic field from AC sources (such as
the electrical equipment of substations) differs from DC fields (like the earth) because the field is
caused by alternating currents (AC) and changes direction at a rate of 60 cycles per second or 60
Hertz.

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-35 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application
The characteristics of magnetic fields can differ depending on the field source. Electric
transmission line magnetic fields attenuate at a rate that is inversely proportional to the distance
squared. Substation equipment is a mixture of line and point sources. As such, the dependence
of the magnetic field versus distance is very complex. For electric transmission lines, EMF levels
are second highest next to the transmission lines (typically near the center of the electric
transmission line right-of-way) and decreases as the distance from the transmission corridor
increases.

Magnetic fields cannot easily be shielded. Most materials (such as those that make up buildings,
trees, and the ground) do not shield magnetic fields. Ferromagnetic (nickel, iron, and cobalt) are
a special group of metals that can provide effective shielding. In some cases, the magnetic field
can also be shielded with materials that are conductive, like copper or aluminum. In other cases,
layers of ferromagnetic and conductive materials are used together to provide shielding.

Magnetic flux densities (B) are reported using units of Gauss (G). However, it is usually more
convenient to report magnetic fields using milliGauss (mG), which is equal to one-thousandth of
a Gauss (i.e., 1 mG =0.001 G). Some technical reports also use the unit Tesla (T) or MircroTelsa
(T) for magnetic flux densities. One (1) T = 0.000001 T. The conversion between these units
is 1 mG = 0.1 T and 1 T = 10 mG. MilliGauss is the unit most often used to measure the
strength of magnetic fields in electric transmission lines.

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation C-36 Appendix C: Transmission Line EMF Study
Rochester Area Reliability Project Article VII Application