CLIENT & PROJECT DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project

CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.

CONTRACT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA-EL-CC-3143 REV B PAGE 1/6

ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP)

Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project

CONTRACT: CD-1

SUBMISSION OF

CALCULATION NOTE

- EARTHING TRANSFORMER

FOR APPROVAL

SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.

 CLIENT & PROJECT DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
CONTRACT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA-EL-CC-3143 REV B PAGE 2/6

CONTENT

1 Single Phase Short Circuit Current Analysis Under Unearthed System........................................................ 3

2 Calculation Of Earthing Transformer Capacity............................................................................................. 4

2.1 Determination Of Parameter.............................................................................................................. 4

2.2 Calculation........................................................................................................................................ 4

3 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................6
 CLIENT & PROJECT DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
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CONTRACT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA-EL-CC-3143 REV B PAGE 3/6

1 Single Phase Short Circuit Current Analysis Under Unearthed System

Three phase ground capacitance are regarded as capacitive symmetrical load when the system operate

normally. In such good condition, the neutral point electric potential is earthing potential, so EO  0 . At the same

time phase voltage is UR  ER , US  ES , UT  E T , correspondingly ICO.R , ICO.S , ICO.T are capacitance current to the

ground which are ahead of the voltage 90°. Phasor diagram as follow:

ER UR
R UR

ES US
O S I CO.S

ET UT I CO.R
T
I CO.T I CO.S I CO.R UT I CO.T US

I CO.R + I CO.S + I CO.T = 0

earth

Fig1. Capacitance Current Under Normal Circumstances

When a single phase short circuit current to the ground was happened( assumed T phase), the fault phase

voltage is earthed and equal to zero. The voltage of non-fault phase R and S to the ground were raised to line -to

-line voltage,

So :

UR  3ER , US  3ES , UT  0

According to Kirchhoff’s Current Law, the currents of single phase ground capacitance is:

ICO.R  ICO.S  IC  0

IC  -(ICO.R  ICO.S )  - 3ICO.R  - 3ICO.S

And calculation formula of single phase capacitance current is:

UR 3ER
ICO.R  ICO.S  
XC XC

Then:
 CLIENT & PROJECT DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
CONTRACT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA-EL-CC-3143 REV B PAGE 4/6

3ER E
IC   3ICO.R   3  3 R  3ICO
XC XC

Thus it can be seen that short circuit current to the ground is 3 times capacitance current under normal

circumstances. Phasor diagram as follow:

UR
ER UR
R
IC
ES US I CO.S
O S
I CO.R
ET UT =0 US
T
I CO.S I CO.R UT
IC

I CO.R + I CO.S = - I C
earth

Fig2. Single Phase Short Circuit Current Under Fault Circumstances

2 Calculation Of Earthing Transformer Capacity

2.1 Determination Of Parameter

For DERBA Substation, earthing transformer should withstand capacitive currents of 1 outgoing line, one

capacitor bank line and one transformer cable incoming line under bus bar “C”. So:

nl =1, nc=1 , nT=1

Length from transformer to the incoming 6.6kV busbar is about 70m, we take 0.1km for calculation. And 6.6kV

cable length of capacitor bank is about 40m, we also take 0.1km for calculation, 6.6kV outgoing line cable is 3km

assumed and 6.6kV overhead transmission line is about 100km assumed, So:

LC=0.1km, Ll1=3.0km, Ll2=100km , LT=0.1km;

In this project, the size of cable we selected is YJV-6/10-4x630 per phase for transformer incoming cable and for

the 6.6kV outgoing line cables and YJV-6/10-2x240 per phase for capacitor bank. According to the parameter

provided by cable manufacturer, the capacitance of YJV-6/10-1x240 is 0.429uF/km and YJV-6/10-1x630 is

0.6481uF/km. So:

C240=0.429uF/km , C630=0.6481uF/km.

2.2 Calculation
 CLIENT & PROJECT DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
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The short circuit current of fault point is from three capacitance current sources which are 1 outgoing line cable,

1 capacitor bank and 1 transformer incoming cable. Each capacitance current is as followed:

(1) 1 outgoing line cable:

ER 6.6
IC.L.1 = nl × L l1 × 3 × 2 × π × f × C 630 × × 10 3 = 1× 3 × 3 × 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 4 × 0.6481× × 10 3 = 27.92 A 1
3 3

transformer incoming cable:

ER 6.6
IC.T. = nT × L T × 3 × 2πf × C 630 × × 10 3 = 1× 0.1× 3 × 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 4 × 0.6481× × 10 3 = 0.930A
3 3

1 capacitor bank cable:

ER 6.6
IC.C. = nC × L C × 3 × 2πf × C 240 × × 10 3 = 1× 0.1× 3 × 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 2 × 0.429 × × 10 3 = 0.308A
3 3

(2) 1 overhead outgoing line

For overhead outgoing line , we take the formula from experience:

IC.L.2 = 0.16 × nl × L l2 = 0.16 × 1× 100 = 16 A

So the total capacitance current earthing transformer withstand is:

IC. = K × (IC.L.1 + IC.T. + IC.L.2 + IC.C ) = 1.3 × (27.92 + 0.930 + 0.308 + 16) = 58.71A

K is a additional factor for substation, which is in the consideration of other equipment equivalent capacitance

such as main transformer bushing to ground, voltage transformer to ground, lightning arrester to ground etc.

The short circuit capacity of earthing transformer for 10second is:

IC. 58.71
S10s = 3 × ER × = 3 × 6. 6 × = 223.72kVA
3 3
According to the IEEE-C62.92.3, permissible short circuit capacity for 10s is 10.5 times continuous operation

capacity, so the capacity of earthing transformer for continuous operation is:

S10s 223.72
SN = = = 21.31kVA
10.5 10.5
So according to the above calculation, we suggest the capacity of earthing transformer for continuous operation

should be more than 21.31kVA and correspondingly the short circuit capacity of earthing transformer for 10second

should be more than 223.72kVA/10s.

 CLIENT & PROJECT DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
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3 Conclusion
The rated short time neutral current specified in the B1.3.2 should not less than 1000A, correspondingly,
the short circuit capacity of earthing transformer for 10second is:
I 1000
S10s = 3 × ER × C. = 3 × 6.6 × = 3810.5kVA
3 3
Permissible short circuit capacity for 10s is 10.5 times continuous operation capacity, so the capacity of earthing

transformer for continuous operation is:

S10s 3810.5
SN = = = 392.9kVA
10.5 10.5
And finally, we suggest rated capacity of earthing transformer is 400kVA/continuous, 4200kVA/10s, and the

rated short time neutral current is 1100A/10s.

The zero sequence impedance:

UN 6600 / 3
Z0 = = = 10.4Ω
IN.10 s 1100 / 3

Note:

According to the Schedule of guaranteed characteristics, the Rated voltage of earthing transformer is 6.6/0.4kV,

but in the Contract document of B1.3.2-II) 6.6kV EARHITNG TRANSFORMER, it mention that The earthing

transformer shall be rated, 50Hz, 6.6kV, outdoor, oil immersed with all necessary accessories,..., which means

there is no second winding for earthing transformer.

It is ZN type earthing transformer without second winding through checking the manufacturer’s drawing and its

test report, which is proved that the guaranteed characteristics was wrong. And finally, we suppose the earthing

transformer to be provided is 50Hz, 6.6kV, 400kVA, ZN type and oil immersed with all necessary accessories

complied with the existing earthing transformer.