UNIVERSITY OF SULAIMANI

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

WELL LOGGING COURSE BOOK

FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR
2010-2011

Contents

1- Course coordinator and list of teachers on this course.

2- Course overview
3- Course objectives.
4- Course Reading list.
5- Course Contents.
6- Syllabus.
7- Exams: Rules and instructions.
8- Samples of expected questions and their answers.
9- External examiners.
10- Student's feedback.
 Well logging course Book
College: Science

Department: Geology

Course: Well logging / 4th year students

Course coordinator: Mr.Omid M. Mustafa

Course link in the University: www.univsul.net

List of lecturers of this course:

Name Scientific title Email

Mrs. Devan O. Hussein Assist.lecturer Divan.hussien@univsul.net

Course overview

Well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a

detailed record (a well log) of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole.
The log may be based either on visual inspection of samples brought to the
surface (geological logs) or on physical measurements made by instruments
lowered into the hole (geophysical logs). Well logging is done when drilling
boreholes for oil and gas, groundwater, minerals, and for environmental and
geotechnical studies.

The oil and gas industry records rock and fluid properties to find hydrocarbon
zones in the geological formations intersected by a borehole. The logging
procedure consists of lowering a 'logging tool' on the end of a wireline into an
oil well (or hole) to measure the rock and fluid properties of the formation. An
interpretation of these measurements is then made to locate and quantify
potential depth zones containing oil and gas (hydrocarbons). Logging tools
developed over the years measure the electrical, acoustic, radioactive,
electromagnetic, nuclear magnetic resonance, and other properties of the rocks
and their contained fluids. Logging is usually performed as the logging tools are
pulled out of the hole. This data is recorded to a printed record called a "well
log" and is normally transmitted digitally to office locations. Well logging is
performed at various intervals during the drilling of the well and when the total
depth is drilled, which could range in depths from 300 m to 8000 m (1000 ft to
25,000 ft) or more.

Course objective

Quantitative analysis of well logs provides the analyst with values for a variety
of primary parameters, such as:
porosity
water saturation, fluid type (oil/gas/water)
lithology
permeabilityetc

At the end of this course, the students should be able to understand the basics of
borehole geophysics, theory of measurements, interpretations and applications
of the different types of wireline logs. Students should also know how to
calculate the petrophysical parameters required for formation evaluation (source
and reservoir rocks).

Course Reading list

-Rider, M. 1996. The Geological Interpretation of well logs
-Asquith, G., and Krygowski, D. 2004. Basic well log analysis, 2nd edition
-Schlumberger, 1972, log interpretation, Vol.I, principles: New York limited,
112 p.
-Schlumberger, 1974, log interpretation
-Schlumberger, 1975, A guide to well site interpretation
-Schlumberger, 1979, log interpretation charts.
-Schlumberger, 1998, log interpretation charts.
-North, F.K., 1985. Petroleum geology.
-www.worldofteaching.com
- www.brookes.ac.uk/geology/peg/short course

Syllabus
No. Title of the Subject Lecturer's/Tutor's Name
1 Wireline well logging (General,
Introduction) Devan O. Hussein

2 Well logging (Borehole Devan O. Hussein

Environment- Invasion and
Resistivity profiles)
3 Basic Information needed in log Devan O. Hussein
interpretation
4 Fluid saturation of Reservoir Devan O. Hussein
5 Gamma Ray Logs Devan O. Hussein
6 Porosity Logs Devan O. Hussein
7 The Neutron and combination Devan O. Hussein
Neutron-Density log
8 The Spontaneous Self potential (Sp) Devan O. Hussein
log.
9 The Resistivity logs. Devan O. Hussein
10 The estimation of Invasion Devan O. Hussein
diameter
11 Caliper Log Devan O. Hussein
12 Micro log (ML) Devan O. Hussein
13 Devan O. Hussein

Mark

-First Exam... 7 M
-Second Exam . 7 M
-Third Exam.. 7 M
-Quiz. 4 M
-Reports.. 5 M
 Examples of Questions

University of Sulaimani Well logging practical Exam.

College of Science 4th Year Geology
Dept. of Geology Time: 90 Min.

Name:.. Group ( )
Q1: a- Determine the measurement and the values of these porosity logs
Porosity Measure High values Low values
logs
Neutron
Density
Sonic

Q2: a-How you determine the lithology and porosity as the same time from
logs?
b-How you find the value of Rw (by equations and chart)?
Q3/from the following schematic log curves, give your interpretation to A,B, C
zones, from the view of permeability and bore hole wall condition
Q4/ Answer the following
1-Give the qualitative evaluation of the following porosity
a-0.03
b-0.11
c-0.17
d-0.05
e-0.27
2- Define
-tortuosity factor
-Sxo
-Absolute permeability
-Total porosity

Answer of Questions

Q1/
Porosity Measure High values Low values
logs
Neutron Hydrogen ion Shale, Coals Clean sand stones
carbonates
Density Density of formations Less dense Dense sediment
sediment
Sonic Interval transit time Porous sediment Non-porous
sediment

Q2/ a-From combination Neutron-Density log, by knowing type of drilling mud

we plot on porosity and lithology determination from formation density log.

b- From Sp-log
SSP=SP*C.F
SSP=-k*log Rmf/Rw
By chart passing through three plots.
Q3/
Zone A: Permeable zone, MLN > MLI, from caliper log it clear that the hole
diameter is smaller than the bit size due to the formation of Mud cake.

Zone B: Impermeable zone, no separation of MLN and MLI, no change in hole

diameter.

Zone C: Impermeable zone inspite of MLN > MLI, because bore hole diameter
is greater than the bit size these is due to presence of rock salt or gypsum in the
bore hole.

Q4/
1-
a- Negligible
b- Fair
c- Good
d- Negligible
e- Very good