SachEtabs-Viet PDF

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Paris, 25/11/2008
KS.GV.THS. Trn Anh Bnh
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Sinh ngy 03/10/1981 Nam nh
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Ging vin :
B Mn Tin Hc Xy Dng, Khoa Cng Ngh Thng
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Tin, trng i Hc Xy Dng. a ch : s 55
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ng Gii Phng, H Ni, www.nuce.edu.vn

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Doctorant EDF/ Universit Paris-Est :

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EDF R&D, Dpartement MMC, Site des Renardires.

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Adresse : Avenue des Renardires Ecuelles, F-

77818 Moret sur Loing cdex, France, www.edf.fr
Universit Paris-Est, Laboratoire MSME, FRE 3160
CNRS. Adresse : 5, Boulevard Descartes, 77454
Marne la Valle Cedex 2, France, www.univ-mlv.fr
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Ti liu khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. S gp ca c gi s gp thm phn hon
thin cho ti liu ny. Mi gp xin gi v a ch sau, tc gi xin chn thnh cm n !
in thoi: 0033.6.18.93.03.94.
Email : anhbinh0310@yahoo.com
2 ng dng ETABS trong tnh ton cng trnh
NG DNG ETABS TRONG TNH

TON CNG TRNH
Bn tho ko in c
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Tng b m gi v i
Tng v hin yu qu
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Tng con trai ngoan du yu

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Chn thnh cm n cng ty t vn xy dng CDC, b mn Tin Hc Xy Dng Khoa Cng Ngh
Thng Tin Trng i Hc Xy Dng H Ni gip ti hon thnh ti liu ny.
ng dng ETABS trong tnh ton cng trnh 3
Chng 1: Tng Quan v Etabs ............................... 12
1. H ta ................................................................................................................. 12
2. Nt........................................................................................................................... 12
2.1. Tng quan v nt (Joint) ................................................................................... 12
2.2. H ta a phng ........................................................................................ 13
2.3. Bc t do ti nt ................................................................................................ 13
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2.4. Ti trng ti nt ................................................................................................. 14
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2.5. Khi lng ti nt (Mass)................................................................................... 14
3. Cc loi lin kt ....................................................................................................... 15
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3.1. Retraints ........................................................................................................... 15

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3.1.1. Khi nim chung ......................................................................................... 15
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3.1.2. Phng php gn ....................................................................................... 16
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3.2. Springs.............................................................................................................. 16
3.2.1. Khi nim chung ......................................................................................... 16
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3.2.2. Phng php khai bo lin kt Spring......................................................... 16

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3.3. Lin kt Constraints .......................................................................................... 17

3.3.1. Khi nim chung ......................................................................................... 17
3.3.2. Cch khai bo............................................................................................. 17
3.3.3. ng dng .................................................................................................... 17
4. Vt liu .................................................................................................................... 18
4.1. Tng quan v vt liu ........................................................................................ 18

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4.2. H trc ta a phng ................................................................................. 19

4.3. ng sut v bin dng ca vt liu (stresses and strains) ................................. 19
4.3.1. Stress ......................................................................................................... 19
4.3.2. Strain .......................................................................................................... 19
4.4. Cc thng s khai bo vt liu .......................................................................... 20
5. Ti trng v t hp ti trng ..................................................................................... 21

5.1. Ti trng ............................................................................................................ 21
5.2. T hp ti trng ................................................................................................. 22

5.2.1. Cc cch t hp ti trng ............................................................................ 22
5.2.2. Cc loi t hp ti trng .............................................................................. 22
5.2.3. Cch khai bo............................................................................................. 23

6. Bi ton phn tch .................................................................................................... 23
6.1. Cc dng phn tch kt cu ............................................................................... 23
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6.2. Modal Analysis .................................................................................................. 23
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6.2.1. Tng quan .................................................................................................. 23
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6.2.2. Eigenvertor Analysis ................................................................................... 24
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7. Diaphragm Centers of Rigidity, Centers of Mass ..................................................... 25
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Chng 2: Kt cu h thanh .................................... 28
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1. Tng quan v phn t thanh .................................................................................... 28

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1.1. Phn t thanh (Frame Element) ........................................................................ 28

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1.1.1. Khi nim ................................................................................................... 28

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1.1.2. ng dng .................................................................................................... 28

1.2. H trc ta a phng (Local Coordinate System) ...................................... 28
1.2.1. Khi nim ................................................................................................... 28

1.2.2. Mc nh ..................................................................................................... 28
1.2.3. Hiu chnh .................................................................................................. 29
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1.3. Bc t do (Degree of Freedom) ......................................................................... 30

1.4. Khi lng (Mass) ............................................................................................. 30
2. Tit din (Frame Section) ........................................................................................ 30
2.1. Khai bo tit din .............................................................................................. 30

2.2. Thanh c tit din thay i (Non-Prismatic Sections) ........................................ 31
2.3. Tit din khng c hnh dng xc nh (General) .............................................. 32
2.4. Thay i thng s tit din ................................................................................ 33
2.4.1. Thng s hnh hc v c hc ca tit din .................................................. 33

2.4.2. Thay i cc thng s hnh hc v c hc .................................................. 35
3. Lin kt gia hai phn t .......................................................................................... 36
3.1. im chn (Insertion point) ............................................................................... 36

3.1.1. Khi nim ................................................................................................... 36
3.1.2. Phng php khai bo ................................................................................ 37
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3.2. im giao (End offsets) ..................................................................................... 39
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3.2.1. Khi nim ................................................................................................... 39
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3.2.2. Phng php khai bo ................................................................................ 39
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3.3. Lin kt Release (Frame Releases and Partial Fixity) ....................................... 40
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3.3.1. Khi nim ................................................................................................... 40
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3.3.2. Phng php khai bo ................................................................................ 41
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4. T ng chia nh phn t (Automatic Frame Subdivide).......................................... 41

4.1. Khi nim .......................................................................................................... 41
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4.2. Phng php khai bo ...................................................................................... 41

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Chng 3: Kt cu tm v ........................................ 44
1. Phn t Tm bn ..................................................................................................... 44
1.1. Phn t Area (Area Element) ............................................................................ 44
1.1.1. Khi nim chung ......................................................................................... 44
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1.1.2. Thickness Formulation (Thick Thin) ......................................................... 44

1.1.3. Thickness ................................................................................................... 45
1.1.4. Material Angle............................................................................................. 45
1.2. H trc ta a phng (Local Coordinate System) ...................................... 46
1.2.1. Trng thi mc nh .................................................................................... 46
1.2.2. Bin i ...................................................................................................... 47
1.3. Tit din ............................................................................................................ 48
1.4. Bc t do (Degree of Freedom) ......................................................................... 48

1.5. Mass ................................................................................................................. 49
1.6. Ni lc v ng sut............................................................................................ 49
1.6.1. Ni lc ........................................................................................................ 49
1.6.2. ng sut ..................................................................................................... 51
2. Vch cng ............................................................................................................... 52
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2.1. Tng quan v Pier v Spendrel ......................................................................... 52
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2.1.1. Khi nim ................................................................................................... 52
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2.1.2. t tn phn t ........................................................................................... 52
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2.2. H trc ta a phng ................................................................................. 53
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2.2.1. Phn t Pier ................................................................................................ 53
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2.2.2. Phn t Spandrel ........................................................................................ 53
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2.2.3. Hin th h ta a phng ..................................................................... 54

2.3. Tit din ............................................................................................................ 54
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2.3.1. t tn phn t Pier v Spandrel ................................................................ 55

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2.3.2. nh ngha tit din Pier.............................................................................. 56

2.3.3. Gn tit din Pier ........................................................................................ 57
2.4. Ni lc phn t Pier v Spandrel ....................................................................... 57
2.5. Kt qu thit k vch ......................................................................................... 58

2.5.1. Pier result Design ....................................................................................... 58
2.5.2. Spandrel Result Design .............................................................................. 58
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3. Chia nh phn t (Area Mesh Options) .................................................................... 58

3.1. Khi nim .......................................................................................................... 58
3.2. Phng php chia nh ...................................................................................... 59
Chng 4: Ph lc ....................................................... 62
1. Section Designer ..................................................................................................... 62
1.1. Tng quan ......................................................................................................... 62

1.2. Cn bn v Section Designer ............................................................................ 62
1.2.1. Khi ng Section Designer ....................................................................... 62
1.2.2. Hp thoi Pier Section Data........................................................................ 63

1.2.3. Hp thoi SD Section Data ......................................................................... 64
1.3. Chng trnh Section Designer.......................................................................... 65
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1.3.1. Giao din chng trnh Section Designer .................................................... 65
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1.3.2. H trc ta ............................................................................................. 65
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1.3.3. Tit din v hnh dng (Sections and Shapes) ............................................ 66
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1.3.4. Ct thp gia cng...................................................................................... 67
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1.3.5. Phng php v ......................................................................................... 69
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1.4. Section Properties ............................................................................................. 69
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1.4.1. Mc ch ca Section Properties................................................................. 69

1.4.2. Thng s thit din ..................................................................................... 69
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1.5. V d.................................................................................................................. 70
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2. Li (Grid) ............................................................................................................... 73
2.1. Hp thoi Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition ........................ 73
2.2. Hp thoi Grid Labeling Options ....................................................................... 74
2.3. Hp thoi Define Grid Data ............................................................................... 75

2.4. Hp thoi Story Data ......................................................................................... 76
2.5. Cc ch v ................................................................................................... 77
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3. Ti trng (Load) ....................................................................................................... 78

3.1. Wind Load ......................................................................................................... 78
3.2. Quake Lad ........................................................................................................ 79
4. cc phng php chn phn t ................................................................................ 81
4.1. Chn phn t trn mt bng .............................................................................. 81

4.2. a im nhn ra v cng ................................................................................. 82
4.3. S dng thanh cng c ..................................................................................... 82
4.4. S dng chc nng trong menu Select.............................................................. 82

5. Hp thoi Replicate ................................................................................................. 83
Chng 5: Bi tp thc hnh ................................... 86
1. Bi tp 1 .................................................................................................................. 86
1.1. Lp h li. ....................................................................................................... 86
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1.2. Khai bo cc c trng hnh hc v vt liu: ..................................................... 92
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1.3. V s kt cu. .............................................................................................. 97
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1.3.1. V mt bng dm ....................................................................................... 98

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1.3.2. V mt bng ct. ...................................................................................... 103
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1.3.3. V mt bng sn ...................................................................................... 104
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1.4. Sao chp mt bng kt cu ............................................................................. 105
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1.5. Gn lin kt ni t. ........................................................................................ 107

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1.6. Phng php v sn nh ra ............................................................................ 107

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1.7. Gn sn tuyt i cng ................................................................................... 108

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1.7.1. nh ngha cc Diaphragms ...................................................................... 108

1.7.2. Gn Diaphragms cho cc tng.................................................................. 108
1.8. nh ngha cc trng hp ti trng ................................................................. 108

1.9. Khai bo khi lng ca cng trnh.................................................................. 109
1.10. Khai bo t ng chia nh sn v dm ......................................................... 109
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1.10.1. T ng chia nh dm ............................................................................ 109

1.10.2. T ng chia nh sn ............................................................................. 109
1.11. Kim tra m hnh ........................................................................................... 110
1.11.1. V d 1 .................................................................................................... 111

1.11.2. V d 2 .................................................................................................... 111
1.11.3. V d 3 .................................................................................................... 112
1.11.4. V d 4 .................................................................................................... 112
1.12. Chy m hnh ................................................................................................ 112

1.13. Ta tm cng v tm khi lng tn s dao ng .................................... 112
1.14. Phng php nhp ti vo tm khi lng .................................................. 113
1.15. Nhp ti trng vo tm cng ......................................................................... 115

1.16. T hp ti trng ............................................................................................. 116
1.17. Kim tra li s kt cu .............................................................................. 117
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1.17.1. Kim tra li s hnh hc...................................................................... 117
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1.17.2. Kim tra li s ti trng ...................................................................... 117
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1.18. Chy chng trnh v quan st ni lc........................................................... 118
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1.19. Khai bo bi ton thit k ct thp cho Frame............................................... 119
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2. Bi tp 2 ................................................................................................................ 122
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2.1. Thit lp h li............................................................................................... 123
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2.2. nh ngha tit din v vt liu......................................................................... 125

2.2.1. nh ngha vt liu .................................................................................... 125
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2.2.2. Khai bo tit din ...................................................................................... 126

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2.3. V s kt cu ............................................................................................. 126

2.4. To lp h ta tr ....................................................................................... 131
2.5. nh ngha cc trng hp ti trng ................................................................. 134
2.6. Khai bo t hp ti trng ................................................................................. 134

2.7. Nhp ti trng ................................................................................................. 135
2.7.1. Tnh ti...................................................................................................... 135
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2.7.2. Hot ti ..................................................................................................... 135

2.7.3. Ti trng gi theo phng Y...................................................................... 136
2.8. Khai bo t ng chia nh sn v dm ........................................................... 136
2.9. Hp nht cc im qu gn nhau .................................................................... 137
2.10. Kim tra m hnh ........................................................................................... 137

2.11. t tn vch .................................................................................................. 137
2.11.1. t tn cho Pier ...................................................................................... 137
2.11.2. t tn cho Spandrel .............................................................................. 137

2.12. nh ngha tit din vch ............................................................................... 138
2.13. Gn tit din vch ......................................................................................... 139
2.14. Khai bo tiu chun thit k vch.................................................................. 139

2.15. Thc hin bi ton kim tra vch................................................................... 139
2.16. c kt qu tnh ton .................................................................................... 139
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2.17. Ph lc .......................................................................................................... 140
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2.17.1. Nng nh ln 8 tng ............................................................................... 140
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2.17.2. To mt ct zic zc ................................................................................. 142
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3. Bi tp 3 ................................................................................................................ 145
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3.1. Lp mt bng kt cu trong AutoCAD ............................................................. 145
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3.1.1. To cc layer ............................................................................................ 145
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3.1.2. V mt bng dm ..................................................................................... 145

3.1.3. V mt bng li....................................................................................... 146
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3.1.4. V mt bng ct ....................................................................................... 146

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3.1.5. V mt bng vch..................................................................................... 147

3.1.6. Xut mt bng kt cu ra file mi.............................................................. 148
3.2. Nhp m hnh t AutoCAD v Etabs ............................................................... 149
3.2.1. Nhp mt bng li................................................................................... 149

3.2.2. nh ngha tit din, vt liu ...................................................................... 152
3.2.3. Nhp mt bng dm ct............................................................................ 152
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3.2.4. Nhp mt bng vch v v vch ............................................................... 153

4. Bi tp 4 ................................................................................................................ 156
4.1. Thit lp h li............................................................................................... 157
4.2. nh ngha tit din v vt liu......................................................................... 159
4.2.1. nh ngha vt liu .................................................................................... 159

4.2.2. Khai bo tit din ...................................................................................... 159
4.3. V m hnh ...................................................................................................... 167
4.3.1. V mt ct qua trc 1................................................................................ 167

4.3.2. Hiu chnh li ct di............................................................................... 171
4.3.3. V dm cu trc ....................................................................................... 173
4.3.4. V cc thanh ging ngang ........................................................................ 175
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12 Chng 1: Tng Quan v Etabs
Chng 1: Tng Quan v Etabs
1. H ta
Trong Etabs cng nh trong Sap2000, chng ta c hai h trc ta Decard v tr:
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Hnh 1. 1 H ta Decard. Hnh 1. 1 H ta tr.

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Phng php s dng hai h ta Tr v Decard c cp c th trong bi tp s 1.

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2. Nt
2.1. Tng quan v nt (Joint)

C th hiu nt l im lin kt cc phn t; l im ti ta gn chuyn v cng bc
hoc gn cc iu kin bin; l im xc nh iu kin bin; l im cn gn lc tp
trung; l im gn khi lng tp trung.
Tt c ti trng (load) v khi lng (mass) gn cho phn t c quy i v cc ti
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trng tp trung, khi lng tp trung ti cc nt.

Cc cch to ra nt:
Cc nt c to t ng khi to phn t.
Ngoi ra ta c thm nt ti bt k v tr no.

2.2. H ta a phng
H to ring ca nt gm ba trc: trc 1 (mu ), trc 2 (mu trng), trc 3 (mu
xanh). Phng v chiu ca cc trc ta a phng ly theo phng v chiu ca cc
h trc ta tng th X, Y, Z.
Khng nh Sap2000, Etabs khng cho ta php xoay h ta a phng ca nt.
2.3. Bc t do ti nt
nh ngha bc t do: s lng ti thiu cc thng s hnh hc c lp biu th chuyn v
ca mi khi lng trn h gi l bc t do. S bc t do ca h ph thuc s tnh
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c chn cho cng trnh thc t khi tnh dao ng, chuyn v v phn lc ca cng trnh.
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Mt nt c 6 bc t do: U1, U2, U3 (ba chuyn
v thng); R1, R2, R3 (ba chuyn v xoay).
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Chiu dng qui c ca cc bc t do tng

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ng vi 6 thnh phn trong h to tng th.
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Mi mt bc t do trong s kt cu s thuc
mt trong cc loi sau :
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+ Active: chuyn v s c tnh n trong qu

trnh phn tch kt cu.
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+ Restrainted: chuyn v c xc nh Hnh 1. 3 Su bc t do ti nt.

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trc, tng ng vi n chng trnh s tnh

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phn lc ti im trong qu trnh phn tch kt cu.

+ Constrained: chuyn v s c xc nh t chuyn v ti mt s bc t do khc.
+ Null: chuyn v khng nh hng n kt cu v s b b qua trong qu trnh phn

tch kt cu. Cc nt ny khng c chuyn v, khng c ni lc, khng c cng,
khng restraint, khng contrains (v d nh nt ng c lp).
+ Unavaible: chuyn v c loi tr t qu trnh phn tch kt cu.
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Avaiable and Unavailable Degrees of Freedom. iu khin ny nm trong Analysis

Options.
+ Cc nt c gn Unavailable Degrees of Freedom th tt c cng, ti trng,

khi lng, Restraints hoc Constrains gn cho kt cu u c b quan trong
qu trnh phn tch kt cu.
+ Tt c cc bc t do ca kt cu, Etabs u quy v h trc ta tng th (Global
Coordinate System).
2.4. Ti trng ti nt
Ti nt c cc ti trng tp trung (concentrated forces) bao gm m men v lc. Ngoi ra
cn c cc chuyn v cng bc ti nt.
Phng php nhp ti trng tp trung ti nt:
Chn nt cn gn ti trng.
Vo Menu Assign Joint/Point Loads

Force.
+ Force Global X, Y, Z: lc tc dng vo
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nt theo phng v chiu ca cc trc
X
ta tng th X, Y, Z.
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+ Moment Global XX, YY, ZZ: vector Hnh 1. 4 Hp thoi Point Forces.
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moment tc dng vo nt theo phng

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v chiu ca cc trc ta tng
th X, Y, Z.
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Gii thch v Vector m men.
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+ Ti im c s hiu (Label) l 5, c
Mzz = 10. C ngha l chiu ca
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vector moment ngc vi chiu

dng ca trc Z. Nh vy vi tc
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dng ca ti trng nh trn, thanh

5-6 s b un trong mt phng
song song vi mt phng XY, Hnh 1. 5 Vector m men.
chiu un t Y sang X (hnh 1. 5).
2.5. Khi lng ti nt (Mass)

Trong cc bi ton phn tch ng (Dynamic Analysis), khi lng ca kt cu c dng
tnh lc qun tnh v tn s dao ng ring ca cng trnh. Thng thng, chng trnh
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s tnh khi lng ca cc phn t da trn khai bo khi lng ring ca vt liu v th
tch hnh hc ca phn t, sau chng trnh s quy i v nt. Khi lng ca tng
phn t s c tnh cho 3 phng tng ng vi 3 chuyn v thng ca nt. Chng trnh
s b qua m men qun tnh.
Trong mt s trng hp, khi tnh ton dao ng ca cng trnh, ta khng dng khi lng
m Etabs t tnh. Khi , ta c th khai bo khi lng tp trung hoc khi lng m men
qun tnh tp trung ti bt k nt no. Phng php khai bo khi lng tp trung nh
sau:
Chn nt cn gn thm ti trng tp trung.
Vo Menu Asign Joint/Point Additional Point

Mass (hnh 1.6).
Direction X, Y, Z: khi lng tp trung ti nt theo ba
phng X, Y, Z trong h ta tng th.
Rotation about X, Y, Z: khi lng m men qun tnh

tp trung ti nt theo ba phng X, Y, Z trong h ta
tng th.
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3. Cc loi lin kt
X
3.1. Retraints
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3.1.1. Khi nim chung
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Nu chuyn v ca mt im theo mt phng no Hnh 1. 6 Hp thoi
Assign Masses.
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c c nh trc, ta ni im b rng buc lin kt
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Restraint. Gi tr chuyn v ti im c th bng khng hoc khc khng, ty thuc vo
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nt c chu chuyn v cng bc hay khng.

Nt c lin kt Restraint s c phn lc. Gi tr phn lc ny s c xc nh trong bi
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ton phn tch kt cu (Analyse).

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Lin kt Restraint thng c m hnh ha cc kiu lin kt ni t ca kt cu.

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Hnh 1. 7 Cc loi lin kt ni t

3.1.2. Phng php gn

Phng php gn lin kt Restraint:
Chn im cn gn lin kt Restraint.
Vo menu Assign Joint/Point Restraints

(Supports).
Nhp cc bc t do b khng ch vo hp thoi.

+ Translation: chuyn v thng.
+ Rotation: chuyn v xoay.
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3.2. Springs
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H
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Spring l lin kt n hi. Bt k mt trong su bc t do

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ca mt nt u c th gn lin kt n hi. Lin kt n
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hi c m hnh ha bng cc l so. cng ca lin
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kt n hi chnh l cng ca l so. Lin kt n hi c Hnh 1. 9 Hp thoi
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th bao gm chuyn v cng bc. Assign Springs.
im c lin kt n hi s c phn lc n hi. ln

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ca phn lc ph thuc vo cng ca lin kt v c xc nh trong bi ton phn tch

kt cu.
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Lin kt Spring thng c s dng trong cc bi ton:

Dm trn nn n hi (mng bng).
Tm trn nn n hi (b nc, i mng).
3.2.2. Phng php khai bo lin kt Spring

Phng php gn lin kt Spring:
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Chn im cn gn lin kt Restraint.

Vo menu Assign Joint/Point Point Springs.
Nhp cc bc t do b khng ch vo:
+ Translation X, Y, Z: cng ca lin kt n Hnh 1. 8 Hp thoi Assign

hi theo phng X, Y, Z. Restraints.
+ Rotation about XX, YY, ZZ: cng ca lin kt n hi xoay quanh trc XX, YY,
ZZ.
3.3. Lin kt Constraints

Cc im c cng chung mt Constraint s c mt s chuyn v nh nhau. S lng
chuyn v cng nhau ph thuc vo tng loi Constraint.
Khi khai bo Constraint, s lng phng trnh tnh ton s gim. Do vy tc tnh ton
s tng ln. Di y trnh by mt s dng Contraint thng dng.
Diaphragm, rng buc chuyn v theo mt mt phng. Tt c cc im c gn cng

mt Diaphragm u c hai chuyn v trong mt phng ca Diaphram v mt chuyn v
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xoay vung gc vi mt phng nh nhau. M hnh ny thng c s dng m
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hnh ha sn l tuyt i cng trong mt phng khi tnh ton nh cao tng.
Body constraint, dng m t mt khi hay mt phn ca kt cu c xem nh l
H
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mt khi cng (Rigid body). Tt c cc nt trong mt Body u c chuyn v bng

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nhau.
Plate Constraint, lm cho tt c cc nt b rng buc chuyn v cng vi nhau nh l
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mt tm phng c cng chng un ngoi mt phng bng v cng (ngc vi
D ve
Diaphram).
Beam Constraint, tt c cc nt gn cng mt Beam Contraint c chuyn v cng nhau
X al
nh l mt dm thng c cng chng un bng v cng (khng nh hng n

bin dng dc trc v bin dng xon ca dm).
i
TH Tr
Ch : Sap2000 cung cp tt c cc loi Contraint ni trn cn Etabs ch cung cp

chc nng Diaphram Constraint.
3.3.2. Cch khai bo

Chn im cn gn lin kt Contraint.
Vo menu Assign Joint/Point Rigid
Diaphragm.
BM
3.3.3. ng dng
Gip ngi dng m hnh chnh xc s lm vic
ca kt cu v gim thi gian phn tch tnh ton
kt cu. Hnh 1. 10 Hp thoi Assign
Diaphragm.
D
X
H
n n

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-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Hnh 1. 11 S dng chc nng Diaphragm Contraint m hnh ha sn cng.
4. Vt liu
4.1. Tng quan v vt liu

Trong Etabs, ta c th khai bo nhiu loi vt liu, cc phn t trong s kt cu c th
nhn cc loi vt liu khc nhau.
BM
Etabs cho php ta khai bo cc loi vt liu nh b tng, thp, nhm Vt liu ng
hng, trc hng v d hng.
4.2. H trc ta a phng
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
Hnh 1. 12
g
nh ngha cc thnh phn ng sut trong h ta a phng vt liu.
D ve
Mi mt vt liu u c mt h trc ta a phng ring, c s dng nh ngha

tnh n hi v bin dng nhit theo cc phng. H thng ta a phng vt liu ch
p dng cho loi vt liu trc hng (orthotropic) v d hng (anisotropic). Vt liu ng
X al
hng (Isotropic material) c tnh cht vt liu theo ba phng l nh nhau.

i
4.3. ng sut v bin dng ca vt liu (stresses and strains)

TH Tr
4.3.1. Stress
ng sut c nh ngha l lc trn mt n v din tnh dc theo cc trc vt liu ca
mt phn t n v ca mt phn t bt k.
Khng phi lc no cng tn ti 6 ng sut trn cc phn t. V d, ng sut 22, 33, 23
s bng khng i vi phn t thanh (Frame Element), ng sut 33 s bng khng i
vi phn t tm v (Shell Element).
BM
4.3.2. Strain
Da vo quy lut ng x ca tng vt liu m ta c bin dng ca vt liu .
du1 du2 du1
12 = + 11 =
dx2 dx1 dx1
du1 du3 du2
13 = + 22 =
dx3 dx1 dx2
du2 du3 du3

23 = + 33 =
dx3 dx2 dx3
4.4. Cc thng s khai bo vt liu

khai bo vt liu, bn vo menu Define Material Properties Add New Material.
D
X
H
n n

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-T rs
g
D ve
Hnh 1. 13 Hp thoi khai bo vt liu.
Cc thng s:
X al
Material Name tn loi vt liu. Do ngi dng t, nn t tn theo loi vt liu s

i
dng, v d: b tng mc 200 ta k hiu BT200.

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Type of Material loi vt liu, chng ta c cc loi vt liu sau:
+ Isotropic vt liu ng hng (mc nh).

+ Ortho vt liu trc hng.
+ Anisotropic vt liu d hng.
Mass Volume: khi lng ring dng tnh khi lng ring ca phn t trong bi
BM
ton ng.
Weight Volume: trng lng ring ca vt liu tnh trng lng ring ca phn t
trong cc trng hp ti trng, hay cn gi l ti trng bn thn.
Modulus of Elastic E m un n hi, dng xc nh cng ko nn v un. E
thay i theo mc BT. Tham s E cng vi tit din quyt nh bin dng ca kt cu.
Poisson Ratio factor h s Pot Xng () dng xc nh G = E/2/(1+) quyt nh
bin dng trt v xon.
+ i vi vt liu b tng =0.18 0.2.
+ i vi vt liu thp sp x 0.3.
5. Ti trng v t hp ti trng
5.1. Ti trng
Khi phn t bin b bin dng di tc ng ca ngoi lc, cc phn t vt cht trong
phn t chuyn ng, pht sinh ra gia tc chuyn ng v km theo l lc qun tnh.
Nu gia tc l nh, lc qun tnh b th c th b qua lc qun tnh so vi cc ti trng
D
khc. Khi bi ton c gi l bi ton tnh (Static).
X
Ngc li khi gia tc ln, lc qun tnh ln, ta khng th b qua lc qun tnh. Lc , ta
gi l bi ton ng (Dynamic).
H
n n
Ngoi ti trng tnh v ng ta cn c ti trng thay i theo thi gian (Time history).

r io
i vi ti trng tnh, trong Etabs ta c cc trng hp ti trng sau
-T rs
Dead Load : tnh ti g
Wind load : ti trng gi Snow Load : ti trng tuyt
D ve
Live Load : hot ti Quake Load : ti trng ng t

X al
Cu hi
i
Ti sao ti trng ng t v ti trng gi ng li nm trong mc Static Load Case (ti

TH Tr
trng tnh)?
V chng ta tnh ton ti trng ng t v gi ng theo phng php ta tnh (c

ngha l quy v cc lc tnh ri t n vo kt cu, sau tnh ton ra m men,
chuyn v)
Nu chng ta khng dng phng php ta tnh tnh ti trng gi ng v ng t,

th chng ta khng c php cho loi ti trng ng ny vo mc Static Load Case.
BM
H s Self Weight l g, ly bng bao nhiu?

H s Self Weight l h s tnh n ti trng bn thn ca phn kt cu c v trong
Sap (Etabs). Gi s trng hp ti c tn l TT c khai bo l Dead Load, h s
Self Weight ly bng 0.5, khi ngoi cc ti trng m ta gn vo cho trng hp ti
TT n cn bao gm ti trng bn thn ca kt cu, nhn vi h s 0.5 ni trn.
Ti trng bn thn ca mt phn t tnh bng trng lng trn mt n v th tch ca
vt liu (khai bo trong phn Define Materials) nhn vi th tch ca phn t .
Ti trng bn thn ca kt cu c khai bo theo cch trn, lun c hng theo

chiu m ca trc Z (Global Coordinates).
Thng thng, h s Self Weight ny ly bng n = 1.1 (n l h s vt ti i vi phn

kt cu c lm bng b tng ct thp).
5.2. T hp ti trng
5.2.1. Cc cch t hp ti trng

T hp ngi dng ngi dng t nh ngha tn t hp, t nh ngha cc thnh
phn to nn t hp v h s ca chng. V d, theo TCVN mt trong cc t hp c
D
bn th hai l TT+0.9HT+0.9GX (TT tnh ti, HT hot ti, GX : Gi thi theo
X
phng X)
H
T hp t ng (Defaut Combo). Cc t hp ny s t ng sinh ra khi chng ta tin
n n
hnh bi ton thit k thp theo tiu chun c sn m Sap (Etabs) cung cp. S cc

r io
trng hp t hp v h s ca cc trng hp ti trng tham gia vo t hp ph thuc
vo tiu chun thit k m ta chn. Cc t hp ti trng ny thng c tn l DCom1,
-T rs
DCom2, DSTL g
D ve
5.2.2. Cc loi t hp ti trng

ADD: t hp theo phng php cng tng thnh phn ca t hp.
X al
ENVE: t hp bao ni lc.

i
TH Tr
SRSS: cn bc hai ca tng bnh phng cc trng hp ti.

ABS: tng tr tuyt i ca cc trng hp ti.
Cu hi
Kiu ti trng Live Load, Wind Load c ngha g khng.

i vi bi ton s dng t hp ngi dng v trong bi ton tnh (Static), th vic khai
BM
bo cc kiu ti trng ny khng c ngha g c.

i vi bi ton s dng t hp ti trng t ng. Cc kiu ti trng ny s gip Sap
(Etabs) nhn bit c cc trng hp ti (tnh ti, hot ti). Da trn tiu chun
thit k m bn c khai bo, chng trnh Sap (Etabs) s cung cp cc trng hp t
hp ti trong v cung cp cc h s ca cc trng hp ti trng trong tng trng hp
t hp ti trng.
Bn cht ca t hp trong Etabs (Sap) l t hp ti trng hay t hp ni lc?
Bn cht ca kiu t hp Add trong Sap (Etabs) l t hp ti trng.
Biu bao (t hp Enve) l biu bao ni lc ca cc trng hp ti hay l biu ni

lc trong trng hp bao ca cc trng hp ti trng?
L phng n th nht : biu bao ni lc ca cc trng hp ti trng khai bo
trong Enve.
Nu khai bo vt liu lm vic trong giai on n hi tuyn tnh, th ti trng v ni lc t
l tuyn tnh vi nhau. Khi t hp ti trng v t hp ni lc c g khc nhau khng?
Khc nhau, v bn cht ca t hp ni lc theo TCVN khng n gin l cng tng cc
D
thnh phn ni lc.
X
5.2.3. Cch khai bo
H
khai bo t hp ti trng, bn c vo menu
n n
Define Load Combination Add New Combo.

r io
Hp thoi Load Combination Data hin ln.
-T rs
g
Load Combination Name: Tn h hp ti trng
D ve
Load Combination Type: Kiu t hp ti trng

trnh by trn.
Case Name: Cc trng hp ti trng, nhn
X al
nt Add thm vo, Modify sa i v

i
Delele xa i.
TH Tr
Scale Factor: h s t hp.
6. Bi ton phn tch
6.1. Cc dng phn tch kt cu

Phn tch Linear: bi ton phn tch tuyn tnh.
Phn tch Nonlinear: bi ton phn tch phi tuyn.
BM
6.2. Modal Analysis
6.2.1. Tng quan

Bi ton phn tch Modal l bi ton gii quyt cc vn lin quan n dao ng ring
nh tnh ton chu k, tn s, chuyn v ca cc dng dao ng ring ca cng trnh.
Modal analysis c nh ngha trong Analysis Case, bn c th nh ngha nhiu bi ton

Modal Analysis trong mt cng trnh.
C hai dng phn tch Modal Analysis:
Eigenvertor, dng xc nh cc dng dao ng ring v tn s dao ng ring ca

chng. Chng ta thng s dng cch ny tnh ton tn s dao ng ring kt cu
cng trnh.
Ritzvertor, dng tm dng dao ng khi ch r cc lc thnh phn to nn dao

ng. Ritzvertor c th cho ta kt qu tt hn i vi cc bi ton v ti trng ph
hoc ti trng thay i theo thi gian (responsespectrum or timehistory analyses).
6.2.2. Eigenvertor Analysis
D
6.2.2.1. Phng trnh Eigenvertor
X
H
Trong
n n

r io
K l ma trn cng.
-T rs
M l ma trn khi lng.
g
D ve
l ma trn Eigenvalue (gi tr ring).
l ma trn eigenvertors (vector ring) tng ng gi tr ring, n biu thi cho dng
dao ng.
X al
Eigenvalue l bnh phng ca tn s gc . Cc gi tr tn s v chu k c tnh nh

i
TH Tr
sau:
6.2.2.2. Number of modes

Number of modes l s dng dao ng cn tnh ton do ngi dng t khai bo cho phn
mm bit.
BM
6.2.2.3. Frequency Range

Frequencey Range l di tn s. Gii tn s c khai bo vo trong Sap (Etabs) qua cc
thng s sau:
Shift: Gi tr trung tm ca gii chu k cn tnh (center of cyclic frequency range).
Cut: Bn knh ca gii chu k cn tnh (Radius of the cyclic frequency range).
iu c ngha l |f Shift|<=Cut.
6.2.2.4. Convergence Tolerance

Convergence Tolerance l dung sai hi t. N ch c trong trng hp c khai bo Shift
hoc Cut.
Gi 0 l gi tr ban u 0 = 2 Shift.
tm c s c dng .
Khi dung sai hi t s tol s c dng nh sau:
D
X
Dung sai hi t trong trng hp khng khai bo Shift v Cut, khi Tol c 2 dng sau:
H
hoc
n n

r io
7. Diaphragm Centers of Rigidity, Centers of Mass
-T rs
g
Khai bo tnh ton tm cng: Analyze menu Calculate Diaphragm Centers of Rigidity.
D ve
Khi Menu ny c nh du, Etabs s tnh ton tm cng trong qu trnh phn tch kt
cu.
X al
Tm cng c xc nh bng cch tnh ton ta tng i (X, Y) ca tm cng vi

mt im no , thng thng ngi ta la chn im bt k ny l tm khi lng
i
TH Tr
(Center of mass). Ngi ta tnh ton tm cng ca mt Diaphragm da trn ba trng hp

ti trng sau, ti trng n v tc dng vo tm khi lng:
Trng hp 1 (Case 1): Lc n v tc dng vo tm khi lng theo phng Global X.

Lc ny gy ra m men xon Diaphram l Rzx.
Trng hp 2 (Case 2): Lc n v tc dng vo tm khi lng theo phng Global Y.
Lc ny gy ra m men xon Diaphram l Rzy.
Trng hp 3 (Case 3): Vector m men xon n v tc dng vo tm khi lng theo
BM
phng Global Z. Lc ny gy ra m men xon Diaphram l Rzz.

Khi ta (X, Y) ca tm Diaphram s c xc nh nh sau: X = Rzy / Rzz v
Y = Rzx / Rzz . im ny l mt thuc tnh ca kt cu, khng ph thuc vo bt k ti
trng no. Nh vy, vic xc nh tm cng ca tng tng (i vi kt cu nh cao tng)
s c Etabs tnh ton da trn ba trng hp ti trng trn.
Hnh 1. 14 Ba trng hp ti trng.
xem kt qu phn tch, bn c vo Display menu Set Output Table Mode, sao
tch vo Building Output trong hp thoi Display Output Tables. Sau xem bng The
D
Centroids of Cumulative Mass and Centers of Rigidity (Bng tm khi lng tch ly v
X
tm cng).
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
Hnh 1. 15 Bng Center Mass Rigidity.

X al
MassX: Khi lng Diaphram theo phng X.
XCM: Ta tm khi lng.

TH Tr
XRC: Ta tm cng.
Cu hi
Tm cng ca floor c lin quan n vch khng?
Theo phng php tnh trnh by nh trn th c.
Tm cng ca tng c b nh hng bi cng ca tng trn v di n khng?
BM
Theo phng php tnh nh trn th c.
Tm cng ca mt floor diaphragm c b nh bi vch cng ca nh khng?

Theo phng php tnh nh trn th c.
Khi lng ca mt diaphragm c bao gm ct, dm, sn v vch khng?
Ty theo cch khai bo diaphragm:

+ Diaphragm c khai bo thng qua phn t Area, th khi lng ca mt

diaphragm s bao gm c ct, dm, sn, vch v khi lng tp trung ti nt c
sn i qua. Trong cch khai bo ny, khi lng tp trung ti nt khng c sn i
qua s khng c tnh vo khi lng ca Diaphragm.
+ Diaphragm c khai bo thng qua phn t Joint, th khi lng ca mt
diaphragm s ch bao gm ct, dm v khi lng tp trung ti nt (ni cch khc
l bao gm Joint, Frame, Area).
+ Thng thng, ngi ta s dng c hai cch ny gn Diaphragm cho mt tng.

V khi lm nh th, khi lng ca Diaphragm s l khi lng ca c tng (ct,
D
dm, sn v nt).
X
Cn lu thm cch tnh khi lng ca Etabs l cc Frame, Area (ty theo hai cch
H
khai bo trn) s c quy i v cc nt. Khi lng ca mt diaphragm s bng
n n
tng khi lng cc nt ca diaphragm .

r io
Cng tng t nh khi lng, cng ca mt diaphragm cng c tnh da trn
hai phng php khai bo trn.
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
28 Chng 2: Kt cu h thanh
Chng 2: Kt cu h thanh
1. Tng quan v phn t thanh
1.1. Phn t thanh (Frame Element)
D
1.1.1. Khi nim
X
Khi nim chung: phn t c kch thc mt chiu ln hn nhiu kch thc hai chiu
cn li c gi l phn t thanh.
n n
Phn t thanh (Frame) trong Etabs l mt on thng ni hai im, im u (Start)

r io
gi l im I, im cui (End) gi l im J.
-T rs
g
Hnh 2. 2 Minh ha mt phn t Frame.
D ve
1.1.2. ng dng
X al
Phn t thanh thng c s dng m hnh ha dm, ct

i
1.2. H trc ta a phng (Local Coordinate System)

TH Tr
1.2.1. Khi nim

Mi phn t Frame u c mt h trc ta a phng xc nh tit din, ti trng v
ni lc. H trc ta a phng gm ba trc ta : trc 1 mu , trc 2 mu
trng, trc 3 mu xanh.
1.2.2. Mc nh
BM
Mc nh, trc 1 dc theo on thng v hng

t I sang J. Mc nh trc 2 v trc 3 ph thuc
vo loi phn t Frame (Column, Beam hay
Brace).
Phn t Frame thng ng (Vertical Line
Hnh 2. 3 H ta a phng 123.
Objects).
+ Trc 1 dc theo on thng. Chiu dng ca trc 1 l chiu dng ca trc Z
(hng ln trn).
+ Trc 2 vung gc vi on thng. Chiu dng ca trc 2 l chiu dng ca trc

X.
+ Trc 3 vung gc vi on thng. Chiu dng ca trc 3 xc nh theo quy tc

bn tay phi.
Phn t Frame nm ngang (Horizontal Line Objects)
+ Trc 1 dc theo on thng. Hnh chiu chiu dng ca trc 1 ln trc OX trng
vi chiu dng ca trc X. Nu hnh chiu ca on thng ln trc OX bng
khng, c ngha l on thng song song vi trc OY, khi chiu dng ca trc
D
1 s trng vi chiu dng ca trc OY.
+ Trc 2 vung gc vi on thng. Chiu dng ca trc 2 trng vi chiu dng
X
ca trc Z (hng ln trn).
H
+
n n
Trc 3 vung gc vi on thng v nm ngang. Chiu dng ca trc 3 tun theo

r io
quy tc bn tay phi.
Frame khng thng ng v cng khng nm ngang (Other neither vertical nor
-T rs
horizontal) g
D ve
+ Trc 1 dc theo on thng. Chiu dng ca trc 1 hng ln trn. C ngha l

hnh chiu ca trc 1 ln trc OZ c chiu dng trng vi chiu dng ca trc
X al
OZ.
+ Trc 2 vung gc vi on thng. Mt phng trc 1-2 thng ng. Chiu dng
i
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ca trc 2 hng ln trn. C ngha l hnh chiu ca trc 2 ln trc OZ c chiu

dng trng vi chiu dng ca trc OZ.
+ Trc 3 vung gc vi on thng v nm ngang. Chiu dng ca trc 3 tun theo
quy tc bn tay phi.
1.2.3. Hiu chnh

Ging nh Sap, Etabs cho php ta nh ngha li
BM
hng trc 2 v trc 3 ca on thng bng cch

xoay quanh trc 1 mt gc no . Cch lm nh
sau:
Chn i tng Frame cn hiu chnh.
Vo Assign menu Frame/Line Local Axes
Hp thoi Axis Orientation hin ln.
Chn mt trong cc Option sau: Hnh 2. 4 Hp thoi Axis
Orientation.
Angle: quay trc 2 so vi trc 2 mc nh i mt gc cho trc.
Rotate by Angle: quay trc 2 so vi trc 2 hin ti i mt gc cho trc.
Column Major Direction is X (or Radial) (tham kho phn Major Direction).
Column Major Direction is Y (or Tangential) (tham kho phn Major Direction).
1.3. Bc t do (Degree of Freedom)

Mc nh Frame c 6 bc t do ti hai im lin kt ca n.
Nu bn mun m hnh ha Frame thnh Cable, bn c th lm theo mt trong hai cch
D
sau:
X
Cho cng chng xon (J) v cng chng un (I22 v I33) bng khng.
H
Gii phng moment un (R2, R3) v moment xon (R1) ti hai u ca Frame.
1.4. Khi lng (Mass)

n n

r io
Trong tnh ton bi ton ng, khi lng ca kt cu c s dng tnh ton lc qun
-T rs
g
tnh. Khi lng phn b ca phn t Frame c quy v hai im I v J ca frame. Trong
D ve
phng php phn t hu hn, khng c lc qun trong phn t frame.

Etabs ch quy i khi lng cho ba bc t do UX, UY v UZ (khng tnh ton khi lng
m men qun tnh).
X ali
2. Tit din (Frame Section)

TH Tr
2.1. Khai bo tit din

Vo Menu Define Frame Section. Chng ta c cc cch sau khai bo tit din.
Nhp t file *.Pro (Import). Thng thng file *.Pro cha cc tit din thp hnh c
sn xut t cc nh my (n l tng hp cc catalogue thp hnh) theo tiu chun
nc ngoi nh Ero.Pro, AISC3.Pro, Tuy nhin ta cng c th to ra cc file ny
bng chng trnh CSI Section Builder.
BM
Chng ta nh ngha tit din da trn vic thay i cc thng s ca mt s hnh dng
tit din m Etabs cung cp sn (Add I/Wide Flage ).
S dng chc nng Add SD Section (Section Designer) t v ra tit din m ta
mong mun (xem thm chng 4 ph lc phn Section Designer).
2.2. Thanh c tit din thay i (Non-Prismatic Sections)

Cng nh Sap, Etabs cho php ta nh ngha thanh c tit din thay i. Chc nng ny
c cung cp trong menu Assign Frame Section Add Nonprimastic. khai bo
thanh c tit din thay i, u tin bn phi c t nht hai loi tit din khai bo. Tit
din thay i c th bin i u hoc git bc
Cc la chn cho cng chng un EI ca thanh:
Linear: gi tr EI thay i tuyn tnh theo chiu di ca on.
Parabolic: gi tr 2
EI thay i tuyn tnh theo chiu di ca on.
D
Cubic: gi tr 2
EI thay i tuyn tnh theo chiu di ca on.
X
Cc la chn ca Length Type:
H
Variable: tnh theo chiu di tng i. V d nh vo 0,5 th l 0,5 chiu di ca
n n

thanh.
r io
Absolute: tnh theo chiu di tuyt i. V d nh vo 0,5 th l 0,5m hoc 0,5mm,
-T rs
g
ph thuc vo n v hin hnh ca Etabs l ang l m hay mm.
D ve
V d:
Chn n v l Ton-m.
X al
To h li bt k.
i
Vo menu Define Frame Section chn Add Rectangular

TH Tr
trong hp thoi Define Frame Properties nh hnh bn nh

ngha tit din hnh ch nht.
Chng ta nh ngha hai tit din hnh ch nht c tn l Fsec2 v Fsec3 nh hnh
di.
BM
Sau chng ta kch vo Add Nonprimastic trong hp thoi

Define Frame Properties nh hnh bn nh ngha tit din
thay i.
in vo hp thoi Nonprimastic Section Definition nh sau:
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
Kch OK thot khi tt c cc hp thoi.

Bn c vo ca s Etabs, v mt ci ct vi tit din l
X al
VAR1. Ta c kt qu nh hnh bn.

i
TH Tr
2.3. Tit din khng c hnh dng xc nh (General)

Khi chng ta gp mt tit din phc tp, khng th v bng Section Builder hoc Section
Designer. Bn c th khai bo n l tit din General. Tit din General l tit din khng
c hnh dng xc nh, bn s phi khai cc c trng hnh hc nh m men qun tnh,
m men xon cho chng.
Tit din General thng dng trong bi tp c hc kt cu hoc kt cu m tit din l t

hp ca nhiu tit din c bn.
BM
Phng php khai bo tit din General nh sau:

D
X
Hnh 2. 5 Hp thoi nh ngha tit din General.
H
Vo Menu Define Frame Section chn Add General. Hp thoi hin ln nh hnh 2.4.
n n

Cc thng s nh sau:
r io
Corss Section (Axial) Area: din tch tit din ct ngang ca frame (A).
-T rs
g
Tosional Constant: m men qun tnh chng xon (J).
D ve
Momen of Inertial About: m men qun tnh quay quanh (3 =trc3) (I33, I22).
Shear Area: din tch chu ct (As). Do s phn b khng u ca ng sut tip nn
X al
As khc vi A.
i
Section Modulus About 3(2) Axis: m men chng un (W=I/ymax; Ch nht W=bh2/6).
TH Tr
Plastic Modulus About 3(2) Axis: m men do (Wp=W/1.3).
Radius of Gyration About 3(2): bn knh qun tnh (r2=I/A).

(Xem thm phn Sap2000)
2.4. Thay i thng s tit din
2.4.1. Thng s hnh hc v c hc ca tit din

BM
Cc thng s v c hc ca tit din ph thuc vo khai bo vt liu nh chng ta ni

trong phn trc:
Modulus of elasticity, e1, module n hi, dng cho cng dc trc v c cng
chng un.
Shear modulus, g12, module chng ct, dng cho cng chng xon v cng
chng ct ngang. g12 c tnh t h s Poisson u12 v e1.
Mass density: khi lng ring (khi lng trn mt n v th tch), m, dng tnh
khi lng ca phn t (element mass).
Weight density: trng lng ring (trng lng trn mt n v th tch), w, dng n
tnh ti trng bn thn (Self Weight Load).
Designtype indicator, ides, (ch s kiu thit k), dng quy nh kiu phn t s
c thit k l thp (steel), b tng (concrete), nhm (aluminum), coldformed steel,
hoc khng thit k (no design).
Khi khai bo tit din, cc thng s v c hc s ph thuc vo hnh dng tit din (nu
D
s dng loi tit din c sn) hoc ph thuc vo cc thng s khai bo nu s dng tit
din dng general. V c bn chng ta c 6 thnh phn c hc sau:
X
Cross-sectional area, a, din tch mt ct ngang. Khi cng dc trc ca tit din
H
c dng (a.e1).
n n

r io
Moment of inertia, i33, m men qun tnh trc 3 dng xc nh kh nng chng un
ca thanh trong mt phng 1-2. Moment of inertia, i22, m men qun tnh trc 2 dng
-T rs
g
xc nh kh nng chng un ca thanh trong mt phng 1-3. Tng ng vi n ta c
cng chng un c xc nh theo cng thc (i33.e1) v (i22.e1).
D ve
Torsional constant, j, m men qun tnh chng xon. cng chng xon c xc
nh theo cng thc (j.g12). Ch rng m men qun tnh chng xon ch ging m
X al
men qun tnh cc (polar moment of inertia) trong trng hp tit din trn, tt c cc
i
loi tit din khc hai thng s ny l khc nhau.

TH Tr
Shear areas, as2 v as3, din tch chng ct, dng xc nh cng chng ct
ngang trong mt phng 1-2 v 1-3. Tng ng vi n ta c cng chng ct ngang
(as2.g12) v (as3.g12). V ng sut ct ngang ca tit din c dng parabole v t
max ti ng trung ha ca tit din, do vy khi tnh ton bin dng ct ngang chng
ta phi nhn vi mt h s iu chnh (theo sc bn vt liu). Trong Sap v Etabs
ngi ta tch hp vo trong din tch chng ct ngang. Do vy as2 v as3 khc a. V
as2, as3 c xc nh nh sau (trch theo ti liu ca sap):
BM
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
2.4.2. Thay i cc thng s hnh hc v c hc

Property Modifiers, cc thng s c hc c th c nhn vi mt t l iu chnh
(scalefactors to modify). N c s dng rt hu hiu trong nhiu trng hp. V d ta c
thanh thp tit din t hp bi 2 thanh thp hnh ch I t song song theo trc 2, nh vy
ta khai bo tit din ch I, sau iu chnh m men qun tnh theo trc X ln 2 ln, din
tch ct ngang tng 2 ln Sap v Etabs cho php ta hiu chnh cc thng s nh sau:
Axial stiffness (a.e1): cng dc trc.

Shear stiffnesses (as2.g12) and (as3.g12): cng chng ct ngang.
Torsional stiffness (j.g12): cng chng xon.

Bending stiffnesses (i33.e1) and (i22.e1): cng chng un.
Section mass a.m + mpl.
D
Section weight a.w + wpl.
X
Trong wpl v mpl l phn khi lng hoc trng lng s cng thm vo, n v l
trong lng, khi lng trn mt n v di, s dng i vi dng thanh c tit din thay
H
i. Mc nh, cc gi tr ny bng khng i vi mi tit din.
n n

r io
Ta c 2 cch gn t s ny:
Gn cho tt c cc thanh c cng tit din.
-T rs
g
Gn cho mt s tit din no .
D ve
3. Lin kt gia hai phn t

X al
3.1. im chn (Insertion point)

i
TH Tr
3.1.1. Khi nim

Mc nh, trc 1 ca phn t chy dc theo trc trung ha
ca tit din (hay trng tm ca tit din i vi tit din
di xng). Do vy, ti giao im ca dm mi v ct, dm
mi s b nh ln trn. Etabs cho php ta chnh li giao
im ny bng chc nng Intersection Point. Chc nng
ny s gip ngi dng thit lp m hnh mt cch chnh
xc.
BM
Cardinal Point c nh ngha l mt trong mi mt

im c m t trong hnh 2. 5.
Hnh 2. 6 Hp thoi Frame

insertion Point
D
X
H
Hnh 2. 8 V tr cc im chn.
n n

r io
3.1.2. Phng php khai bo
Phng php khai bo nh sau:
-T rs
g
Chn Frame cn thay i Intersection Point. Hnh 2. 7 S dch chuyn
D ve
Chn Assign menu Frame/Line Insertion Point, ca dm.
hp thoi Frame Insertion Point hin ln (hnh 2.6).

X al
Khi bn ch nh im chn, Etabs s tnh ton li h ta a phng ca phn t.

i
Mt cch tng t, ti trng gn vo phn t cng s da trn chiu di sau khi tnh
TH Tr
li h ta a phng. Hnh v 2.8 th hin s tnh ton li h ta a phng

cng nh chiu di thc ca cu kin.
BM
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Hnh 2. 9 M t cch chnh Cardinal Point ca dm

BM
v ct sao cho tm ca dm v ct khng trng khp vi nhau.
Nu bn khng tch vo nt Do not transform frame stiffness for offsets from centriod th
s dch chuyn s khng nh hng g n kt qu ni lc. Nu tch vo th:
cng ca thanh s thay i.
Tng ti trng tc ng vung gc vi thanh thay i (do chiu di ca thanh thay
i).
Chi tit xem thm trong phn bi tp 4, bi tp m hnh nh cng nghip.
3.2. im giao (End offsets)
3.2.1. Khi nim

Phn t thanh trong kt cu c m t bi ng trc ni hai nt ca thanh. Mt iu t
ra l ti im giao gia cc phn t Frame (v d nh dm v ct), phn tit din ca hai
Frame ti im giao (cross-sections) s b chng ln nhau (overlap). Etabs cung cp chc
nng End Offsets cho php ta nh ngha li on tit din b chng nn nhau ny.
Mc nh chiu di ca thanh tnh c phn thanh b giao vi ct (hnh v 2.9). Vic tr
D
phn giao nhau ca gim vi ct c kch thc ln s lm gim chiu di tnh ton ca
X
thanh dm mt cch ng k. Do vy Etabs cho php ta k n chiu di vng cng ca
dm giao vi ct thng qua 2 tham s (End-I) v (End-J). Khi chiu di tnh ton ca
H
n n
dm s c tnh theo cng thc sau.

r io
Lc = L Rigid * (EndI + EndJ)
-T rs
Trong :
g
Lc l chiu di tnh ton ca thanh
D ve
L l chiu di thc ca thanh

X al
Rigid l h s cng (ly gi tr t 01). H s ny dng thay i kch thc Ioff,

Joff (cng thc tnh: Joff=EndI*Rigid. Joff=EndJ*Rigid).
i
TH Tr
BM
Hnh 2. 10 End offsets gia dm v ct.

Vo menu Assign Frame/Line End (Length) Offsets.
Automatic from Connectivity: Etabs s t ng tnh li

chiu di tnh ton ca Frame.
+ i vi ct (Columns), End offset s tnh da trn

kch thc ln nht ca cc dm ni vi ct.
+ i vi dm (Beams), End offset s tnh da trn

kch thc ln nht ca cc ct ni vi dm.
Define Lengths: Bn c th nhp trc tip End-I v
EndJ thng qua la chn ny.
D
Rigid-zone factor: L h s cng, h s ny cho
Hnh 2. 11 Hp thoi
php ngi dng c th iu chnh li EndI v EndJ
X
Frame End Length Offsets.
(xem cng thc tnh trong mc trn).
H
n n
3.3. Lin kt Release (Frame Releases and Partial Fixity)

r io
3.3.1. Khi nim
-T rs
g
Nh ta bit, mi u ca Frame u c su bc t do. Ti nhng v tr ny, Etabs cho
php ta gii phng bt bc t bin n thnh cc loi lin kt khc (khp, ngm xoay)
D ve
nh hnh v di y.
X ali
TH Tr
BM
Hnh 2. 12 Frame Element End Releases.
Nhn trn hnh v 2.11, thanh xin (diagonal element) lin cng ti im I v lin kt khp
ti im J. Hay ni cch khc ta gii phng lin kt xoay (R2, R3) ti im J. Khi m
men ti im J s bng khng.
Etabs chia vic gii phng lin kt lm 2 loi:

Unstable End Releases: Gii phng lin kt khng n nh gy ra h bin hnh (thanh
c tch ra khi h hoc mt s chuyn v no ).
Stable End Releases: Gii phng

lin kt vn m bo h bt bin
hnh.

Chn phn t Assign menu
Frame/Line Frame Releases/Partial
D
Fixity. Hp thoi Assign Frame
Release hin ln nh hnh 2.12:
X
Start, end: lin kt ti im u (I),
H
cui (J) ca thanh.
n n

r io
Vi chc nng Frame Partial Fixity Hnh 2. 13 Hp thoi Assign Frame Releases
Springs, bn c th thay lin kt
-T rs
g
cng bng lin kt n hi ti u I v J ca thanh. n v in vo l force/length
D ve
hoc moment/radian. Mun gn lin kt n hi vo u thanh, trc tin phi gii

phng lin kt ti u thanh .
X al
4. T ng chia nh phn t (Automatic Frame Subdivide)

i
4.1. Khi nim

TH Tr
Trong qu trnh phn tch, Etabs t ng chia nh phn t Frame nu cn thit. Trong mt
s trng hp, bn c th khng mun t Etabs t ng chia nh phn t. Chc nng
Line Object Auto Mesh Options cho php bn kim sot ch t ng chia nh ny.
Lu rng, chc nng ny hon ton khc vi chc nng Edit menu Divide Line.
4.2. Phng php khai bo

Chn phn t Line cn kim sot chn Assign menu Frame/Line Automatic
BM
Frame Subdivide, hp thoi Line Object

Auto Mesh Options hin ln.
Thng s chi tit trong hp thoi Line

Object Auto Mesh Options c in gii
nh sau:
Auto Mesh at Intermediate Points:

chia nh phn t c chn ti nhng Hnh 2. 14 Hp thoi Line Object Auto
Mesh Option.
im nm dc trn phn t, cc im ny l cc im ca cc phn t khc hoc l

cc im mesh ca phn t Area (xem thm Area Mess Options trong chng 3).
Auto Mesh at Intermediate Points and Intersecting Lines/Edges: chia nh phn t

c chn ti nhng im nm trn phn t v ti giao im ca cc phn t. Mc
nh, Etabs p dng ch chia nh ny trong qu trnh phn tch tnh ton ni lc.
No Auto Meshing: Etabs khng chia nh phn t c chn trong qu trnh thc
hin bi ton phn tch.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
BM
TH Tr
X ali
D ve
-T rs
r io
n n
g

H
X
D
44 Chng 3: Kt cu tm v
Chng 3: Kt cu tm v
1. Phn t Tm bn
1.1. Phn t Area (Area Element)
D
Phn loi kt cu tm v trong Etabs:
X
Slab: kt cu bn sn.
H
Wall: kt cu tng b tng, vch.
n n
Phn loi theo tnh cht chu lc:

r io
Membrane phn t mng, ch chu ko hoc nn trong mt phng, m men theo
-T rs
g
phng php tuyn c th c b qua.
D ve
Plate phn t tm, ch chu un v chu ct.

Shell phn t tm v, chu un ngoi mt phng, ko hoc nn trong mt phng. L
X al
tng hp ca hai phn t Membrane v Plate.

i
1.1.2. Thickness Formulation (Thick Thin)

TH Tr
Sap2000 v Etabs cung cp hai dng Thickness Formulations cho php ta k n hoc
khng k n hiu ng bin dng ct trong phn t Plate hoc Shell element:
Dng Thickplate (Mindlin/Reissner), bao gm hiu ng bin dng ct ngang.

Dng Thinplate (Kirch hoff), b qua hiu ng bin dng ct ngang.
Bin dng ct s tr ln quan trng khi b dy ca shell ln hn 1/10 1/5 nhp. Chng
cn c th c k n ti nhng v tr c m men un tp trung nh gn nhng v tr c
BM
s thay i t ngt v b dy, hoc ti v tr gn gi , hoc nhng v tr gn l thng

Vic phn bit r rng hai trng hp tm dy v mng rt nhy cm. v n cn ph thuc
vo hnh dng tm, t s b dy trn chiu di cnh v ph thuc vo vic chia li (mesh
shell). Do vy, ngi ta khuyn co rng bn nn s dng Thickplate Formulation tr phi
bn khng nh rng bin dng ct l nh (shearing de formations will be small), hoc bn
mun th nghim l thuyt tnh ton tm mng, hoc bn ang s dng li chia mo m
(v s chnh xc ca l thuyt tnh ton ThickPlate b nh hng bi s chia li mo m
(mesh distortion) hn l ThinPlate).
Ch : Thickness formulation khng c tc dng i vi phn t mng (membrane),

ch xy ra i vi tm chu un (plate or shell).
Hnh 3. 1 Mt ct ngang ca tm c lc ct ln ti ni thay i cng tit din.
Hnh v 3.1 th hin ni c tit din thay i, ti ni c tit din thay i s sinh ra lc ct
v ng sut ct. T s sinh ra bin dng ct. Vy trong trng hp ny, vic khai bo
D
hiu ng bin dng ct l cn thit, tc l m hnh Thickplate (Mindlin/Reissner) l hp
l.
X
1.1.3. Thickness
H
n n
Mi mt ct shell u c hng s b dy mng (constant membrane thickness) v hng

r io
s b dy un (constant bending thickness).
Hng s b dy mng th c s dng tnh ton:
-T rs
g
cng mng (ko nn trong mt phng v xon ngoi mt phng) cho phn t shell
D ve
(full-shell) v phn t mng thun ty (pure membrane).

Th tch phn t. Vic tnh ton th tch phn t s lin quan n trng lng bn thn
X al
ca phn t v khi lng bn thn ca phn t. Tc l lin quan n bi ton tnh

i
ton dao ng (Dynamic analyse) v ti trng bn thn ca cng trnh.

TH Tr
Hng s b dy un thb dng tnh ton:

cng chng un ca tm chu un (platebending stiffness) cho phn t shell (full-
shell) v phn t tm (pure plate).
Thng thng th hai b dy trn l bng nhau. Tuy nhin, hai b dy ny s khc nhau
i vi mt s ng dng nh m hnh ha b mt nhn, hoc n c nh vic thin v an
ton, ta ly thb = h 0 = h a (h l b dy sn, a l lp bo v) trong bi ton tnh ton b
BM
tng ct thp.
Ch : chiu dy Membrane (mng) v Bending (un) ni chung l ging nhau. Tuy

nhin trong mt s trng hp, hai thng s ny li khc nhau.
1.1.4. Material Angle

H ta vt liu v h ta phn t shell c th khc nhau. Trc 3 ca hai h ta
ny lun lun trng nhau tuy nhin trc 1 v trc 2 c th khc. Ty theo yu cu ca bi
ton m ta c gc a nh hnh v:
D
X
H
Hnh 3. 2 Gc vt liu ca phn t tm v.
n n

r io
Ch : Gc vt liu khng c ngha trong bi ton vt liu ng hng (isotropic
material properties).
-T rs
g
1.2. H trc ta a phng (Local Coordinate System)
D ve
1.2.1. Trng thi mc nh

X al
Mi mt phn t shell u c mt h trc ta a phng (element local coordinate

system), c dng nh ngha vt liu, ti trng v xut kt qu.
i
TH Tr
Phng php xc nh h trc ta a phng cho phn t tm v phng (phng php

xc nh h trc ta a phng cho tm v cong xin c trong sch Sap Reference
trang 137 mc Advanced Local Coordinate System).
Trc 3 lun vung gc vi mt phng ca phn t. Chiu dng ca trc 3 hng theo
quy tc vn inh vt, chiu vn inh l chiu v phn t. V d v theo J1J2J3 th
chiu dng trc 3 nh trn hnh v 3.3.
Trc ta 1, 2 lun nm trong mt phng ca phn t v c xc nh da trn s

BM
tng quan ca trc 3 so vi trc Z.

+ Mt phng 32 lun lun thng ng, c ngha l song song vi trc Z.
+ Trc 2 theo chiu dng ca trc Z tr trng hp phn t nm ngang, trong

trng hp ny trc 2 hng theo chiu dng ca trc Y.
+ Trc 1 hp vi trc 2, 3 theo quy tc bn tay phi.
D
X
H
n n

r io
Hnh 3. 3 nh ngha cc mt ca phn t tm v.
-T rs
g
D ve
1.2.2. Bin i
Ta c th xoay h trc ta a phng ca phn t
Area. Phng php xoay nh sau:
X al
Chn i tng Area cn thay i h ta a

i
TH Tr
phng.
Chn Assign menu Area Local Axes bt hp
thoi Area Local Axis (hnh 3.4).
+ Angle in Degrees: Gc quay ca trc ta th 2

Hnh 3. 4 Hp thoi Assign
quanh trc 3 ca phn t. Gc dng c ngha l
Local Axise.
trc 2 quay theo chiu kim ng h nu nh trc
3 hng v pha ngi dng. Gc xoay l gc hp
BM
bi trc 2 mc nh (default) vi trc 2 mi.
+ Rotate by Angle: Gc quay ca trc ta th 2

quanh trc 3 ca phn t. Gc dng c ngha l
trc 2 quay theo chiu kim ng h nu nh trc 3
hng v pha ngi dng. Gc xoay l gc hp bi
trc 2 hin ti (current) vi trc 2 mi. Hnh 3. 5 nh ngha du
ca gc quay.
+ Normal to Selected Beam: vo hp thoi ny,
bn phi chn mt dm v mt Area trc khi quay h ta a phng. Khi chc
nng ny c chn, Etabs s quay trc 2 ca phn t Area vung gc vi phn t

dm c chn.
+ Reverse Normal of Vertical Areas: lt ngc h trc ta 3.
Ch : H trc ta a phng ca Pier v Spandrel khng trng vi h trc ta

a phng ca Area v Frame to ln chng. Do vy ta khng th s dng phng php
ny xoay h trc ta a phng ca Pier v Spandrel.
1.3. Tit din

khai bo tit din, ta vo menu Define
D
Wall/Slab/Deck Sections. Nhn chn Combo box Add
X
New nh ngha mi tit din. Cc thng s c
cp n trong mc 1.1.
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Hnh 3. 6 Hp thoi
Hnh 3. 7 Analysis Stiffness Modification Factors. Wall/Slab Section.
Khi khai bo xong tit din, ta c th chn chc nng Modify/Show Section chnh
sa cc thng s tit din. c bit bn c c th s dng chc nng Set Modifiers trong
BM
hp thoi Wall/Slab Section (hnh 3.6) thay i c trng tit din. c trng tit din
mi s bng cc thng s trong hp thoi Analysis Stiffness Modification Factors (hnh
3.7) s c nhn vi c trng tit din c.
1.4. Bc t do (Degree of Freedom)

Mt phn t Area lun lun c su bc t do ti cc nt ca n. Bc t do ca phn t
Plate, Membrane, Shell c m t nh hnh v 3.8.
D
X
H
n n Hnh 3. 8 Bc t do ca cc loi tm.

r io
1.5. Mass
-T rs
g
Trong tnh ton bi ton ng, khi lng ca kt cu c s dng tnh ton lc qun
tnh. Khi lng phn b ca phn t Area c quy cc nt ca n. Khi lng ca phn
D ve
t Area c tnh da trn din tch b mt, b dy th v khi lng ring m ca vt liu.
Etabs ch quy i khi lng cho ba bc t do UX, UY v UZ. Khng tnh ton khi lng
X al
m men qun tnh cho ba bc t do xoay.

i
1.6. Ni lc v ng sut
TH Tr
1.6.1. Ni lc
Ni lc c tnh bng cch tch phn ng sut theo chiu dy ca phn t. Phn t Shell
c nhng thnh phn ni lc nh sau:
Lc ko nn theo phng 1 v 2 (Membrane direct forces):

+ th / 2
+ F11 = dx3
BM
11
th / 2
+ th / 2
+ F22 =
th / 2
22 dx3
Lc ct (Membrane shear force):

+ th / 2
+ F11 =
th / 2
12 d3
M men un (Plate bending moments):

+ thb / 2
+ M 11 = t
thb / 2
11 dx3
+ thb / 2
+ M 22 = t
thb / 2
22 dx3
+ thb / 2
+ M 12 = t
thb / 2
12 dx3
D
M men :
X
+ Membrane direct forces
H
+ th / 2

F11 =
n n 11 dx3

r io
th / 2
+ th / 2

-T rs
F22 =
g
th / 2
22 dx3
D ve
+ Membrane shear force

+ th / 2
X al
F12 =
th / 2
12 dx3
i
TH Tr
+ Plate bending moments

+ thb / 2
M 11 = t
thb / 2
11 dx3
+ thb / 2
M 22 = t
thb / 2
22 dx3
+ Plate twisting moment

BM
+ thb / 2
M 12 = t
thb / 2
12 dx3
+ Plate transverse shear forces

+ thb / 2
V13 =
thb / 2
13 dx3
+ thb / 2
V23 =
thb / 2
23 dx3
dM 11 dM 12
V13 =
dx1 dx2
dM 12 dM 22
V23 =
dx1 dx2
1.6.2. ng sut
D
F11 12M 11 V13
11 = x3 13 =
th thb 3 thb
X
F 12 M 22 V
22 = 11 x3 23 = 23
thb 3
H
th thb
F
n n
12 = 12
12 M 12
33 = 0

x3
r io
th thb 3
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
Hnh 3. 9 ng sut v ni lc ca phn t tm v.

D
X
H
n n

ng sut v ni lc ca phn t tm v.
r io
Hnh 3. 10
-T rs
2. Vch cng
g
D ve
2.1. Tng quan v Pier v Spendrel
2.1.1. Khi nim

X al
Hnh v di y l mt ct qua cu thang

i
my, vch c l ca.

TH Tr
+ Pier l vch chu lc chnh.
+ Spandrel l vch ging ngang.

Mt phn t Pier hoc Spandrel c th bao
gm nhiu phn t Wall v nhiu phn t Hnh 3. 11 nh ngha Spandrel v Pier.
Frame.
2.1.2. t tn phn t
BM
Vic t tn phn t vch s gip ta nh ngha tit

din vch trong bi ton thit k mt cch nhanh
chng hn v xem kt qu ni lc ca vch mt
cch d dng.
Cc t tn vch nh sau:
i vi Pier,
Hnh 3. 12 Hp thoi Pier Names.
+ Chn Area v Frame cn gn tn.
+ gn tn Pier cho phn t Frame, chn Assign Frame/Line Pier Labels.
+ gn tn Pier cho phn t Area, chn Assign Shell/Area Pier Labels.

i vi Spandrel,
+ Chn Area v Frame cn gn tn.
+ gn tn Spandrel cho phn t frame, chn

Assign Frame/Line Spandrel Labels.
D
+ gn tn Spandrel cho phn t area, chn
Assign Shell/Area Spandrel Labels.
X
gn tn cho Spandrel v Pier c cha c
H
Frame v Wall, chng ta nht thit phi gn hai
n n
ln theo hai phng php trn. Tuy nhin, thay

Hnh 3. 13 Hp thoi Spandrel
r io
i hoc xa tn, chng ta khng nht thit phi Names.
-T rs
lm c hai ng tc trn.
g
D ve
2.2. H trc ta a phng
2.2.1. Phn t Pier

X al
Trong khng gian ba chiu, h ta a phng ca phn t Wall Pier c nh ngha

i
nh sau:
TH Tr
Trc 1 ko di t pha di ln pha trn Pier. Chiu dng ca trc 1 cng chiu vi
chiu dng ca trc Z.
Trc 2 song song vi cnh di ca phn t Pier. Hnh chiu chiu dng ca trc ln
trc OX trng vi chiu dng ca trc OX. Nu trc 2 song song vi trc OY th chiu
dng ca trc 2 s cng chiu vi chiu dng ca trc OY.
Phng v chiu ca trc 3 c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi.

BM
2.2.2. Phn t Spandrel

Quy tc xc nh h ta a phng ca phn t Spandrel nh sau:
Mt phng 1-2 nm trn mt phng ca Wall Spandrel. Trc 1 nm ngang v hnh

chiu chiu dng ca n ln trc OX trng vi chiu ca trc OX. Nu mt phng
Spandrel song song vi mt phng Y-Z, th trc 1 s song song v cng chiu vi trc
OY.
Trc 2 s hng ln trn v cng chiu vi trc OZ.
Trc 3 lun nm ngang v vung gc vi mt phng spandrel. Chiu dng ca trc 3

c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi.
Trong trng hp Wall Spandrel c to t nhiu phn t (c Wall v Frame), khi h

trc ta a phng ca Spandrel vn c xc nh theo quy tc trn. V lu rng,
h trc ta a phng ca phn t Spandrel lun lun c lp vi h ta a
phng ca cc Wall v Frame to nn n.
2.2.3. Hin th h ta a phng

Vo menu View Set Building View Options Vo mc Pier and Spandrel v chn Pier
D
Axes v Spandrel Axes.
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
X ali
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Hnh 3. 14 Hp thoi Set Building View Options.
2.3. Tit din

Cc bc gn tit din cho Pier v Spandrel:
t tn phn t Pier v Spandrel.
BM
Khai bo tit din cho phn t Pier.

Gn tit din cho phn t Pier.
i vi Spandrel, chng ta ch c mt bi ton thit k. Do vy ta ch cn khai bo
Spandrel Name m khng cn khai bo tit din.
2.3.1. t tn phn t Pier v Spandrel
2.3.1.1. Pier Labeling

Bn c c th t tn, xa tn, hoc thay i tn ca Pier thng qua hp thoi Pier
Names. Phng php nh sau:
Chn phn t cn gn tn.
gn phn t Line thnh phn t Pier, chn
menu Assign Frame/Line Pier Labels.
gn phn t Area thnh phn t Pier, chn
D
menu Assign Shell/Area Pier Labels.
X
Trong hp Pier Name: Chn tn Pier cn gn
H
cho phn t Line, Area.
n n

Chi tit hp thoi:
r io Hnh 3. 15 Hp thoi Pier Names.
Add New Name: thm mt tn phn t Pier

-T rs
mi. g
D ve
Change Name: thay i tn phn t Pier.

Delete Name: xa tn phn t Pier.
X al
2.3.1.2. Spandrel Labeling

i
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Bn c th t tn, xa tn, hoc thay i tn ca

phn t Spandrel thng qua hp thoi Spandrel
Names. Phng php nh sau:
Hnh 3. 16 Hp thoi Spandrel
Chn phn t cn gn tn.
Names.
gn phn t Line thnh phn t Spandrel,
chn menu Assign Frame/Line
Spandrel Labels.
BM
gn phn t Area thnh phn t

Spandrel, chn menu Assign
Shell/Area Spandrel Labels.
Trong hp Spandrel Name: chn tn
Spandrel cn gn cho phn t Line,
Area.
Chi tit hp thoi: Hnh 3. 17 Hp thoi Pier Section.
Add New Name: thm mt tn phn t Spandrel mi.
Change Name: thay i tn phn t Spandrel.

Delete Name: xa tn phn t Spandrel.
2.3.2. nh ngha tit din Pier

Chn menu Design Shear Wall Design Define General Pier Sections For Cheking,
hp thoi Pier Sections hin ln. to mi mt tit din, nhn Add Pier Section.
D
X
H
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g
D ve
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Hnh 3. 18 Hp thoi Pier Section Data.

i
Section Name: tn ca tit din Pier.

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Base Material: vt liu c s ca Pier (ging nh Base Material ca Frame Section).

Add Pier: thm mt Pier mi (xem phn bi tp hiu hn v hai la chn ny).
+ Add New Pier Section: to mi mt Pier.
+ Start from Existing Wall Pier: nh ngha mi mt Pier t mt hnh dng Pier c
sn.
BM
+ Hp thoi Combo box th xung nh hnh bn tri xc nh tng cha Pier

c sn.
+ Hp thoi Combo box th xung nh hnh bn phi xc nh tn Pier c sn
( khai bo phn 2.3.1.1).
Vo menu Define/Edit/Show Section bm vo nt Section Designer bt u

chnh sa, hoc nh ngha mi tit din.
(Chi tit tham kho thm phn Section Designer trong chng 4 Ph lc)
Ch : cng nh cc bi ton thit k khc, chng ta c hai bi ton i vi vch
+ Bi ton thit k thp cho vch (Reinforcement to be Designed).

+ Bi ton kim tra thp cho vch (Reinforcement to be Checked).
2.3.3. Gn tit din Pier

Sau khi nh ngha xong tit din vch, ta gn tit din cho vch. Phng php thc hin
nh sau:
Chn Pier cn gn tit din.
D
Chn Design menu Shear Wall Design Assign Sections for Checking chn
tip cc chc nng sau:
X
General Reinforcing Pier Section. Hp thoi
H
n n
Assign General Reinforcing Pier Section hin

r io
ln.
+ Section at Top: tit din vch pha trn ca
-T rs
mt tng. g
D ve
+ Section at Bottom: tit din vch pha di

ca mt tng.
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Uniform Reinforcing Pier Sections, hp thoi

Uniform Reinforcement Assignment to Pier hin
i
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ln.
+ Pier Material: vt liu lm ln tit din. Hnh 3. 19 Hp thoi Assign
+ Distributed Bars: distributed bar size (ct General Reinforcing Pier Sections
thp dc theo cnh ca Pier), spacing and
clear cover of the bar (khong cch ct thp v lp bo v).
+ End/Corner Bar Size: thp gc ca Pier.

BM
+ Check/Design: chn hai dng bi ton thit k.
2.4. Ni lc phn t Pier v Spandrel

Ni lc ca phn t Wall pier v Wall spandrel tng t nh ni lc ca phn t Frame.
Chng bao gm:
P: lc dc.
V2: lc ct trong mt phng 12.
V3: lc ct trong mt phng 13.
T: lc xon dc trc.
M2: moment xon trong mt phng 13 (quanh trc 2).
M3: moment xon trong mt phng 12 (quanh trc 3).
2.5. Kt qu thit k vch
2.5.1. Pier result Design

Chi tit xem phn bi tp vch.
D
2.5.2. Spandrel Result Design
X
Flexural Design.
H
Shear Design.
n n

r io
Chi tit xem phn bi tp vch.
-T rs
Bn c th OverWrites, ti hp thoi ny, ta c th khai bo li tt c cc thng s tnh
g
ton (chiu dy, chiu su, tiu chun, lp bo v)
D ve
3. Chia nh phn t (Area Mesh Options)

X al
3.1. Khi nim

i
Trong qu trnh phn tch, Etabs t ng chia nh i tng Area (Deck v Slab). Vic
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chia nh phn t Area gip phn b ti trng ln cc kt cu mt cch chnh xc hn.

V d :
BM
Hnh v 3.20.a, Hnh v 3.20.c,

D
X
Hnh v 3.20.b, Hnh v 3.20.d,
H
n n

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Hnh 3. 20 Chc nng Area Object Auto Mesh Options.
Ging nh Subdivide Frame. Area Subdivide cho php chia nh sn mt cch t ng

-T rs
g
trong qu trnh tnh ton. Ti mi im chia nh, sn v dm s c chuyn v cng nhau.
D ve
Vic chia nh sn s lm cho kt qu tnh ton ni lc dm m sn truyn ti ln mt

cch chnh xc hn.
X ali
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Hnh 3. 21 S truyn ti trng t sn vo dm bin.
Hnh v 3.20.b: Chn shell Assign Area Automatic Area Mesh.
Hnh v 3.20.a: S dng No Auto meshing (mc nh khi v area).

Hnh v 3.20.c: L kt qu khi s dng hnh 3.20.a.
BM
Hnh v 3.20.d: L kt qu khi s dng hnh 3.20.b.
3.2. Phng php chia nh

Chn i tng Area cn tc ng, chn Assign menu Shell/Area Area Object Mesh
Options, hp thoi Area Object Auto Mesh Options hin ln nh sau:
D
X
H
n n
Hnh 3. 22 Hp thoi Area Object Auto Mesh Options.

r io
Cc chc nng t ng chia nh c din gii nh sau:
-T rs
Floor Meshing Options:
g
D ve
+ Default: Etabs s chia nh i tng ti dm v vch, khi ti trng cng s

c truyn vo vch v dm ti nhng im chia nh nm trn dm v vch. Lu
, la chn ny ch c tc dng i vi phn t mng (membrance).
X al
+ For Defining Rigid Diaphragm and Mass Only: cng hoc ti trng ng truyn
i
cng vi i tng c chn.

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+ No Auto Meshing: i tng khng c t ng chia nh trong qu trnh tnh ton.

+ Auto Mesh Object into Structural Elements: Cho php iu chnh s chia nh ca
i tng.
Mesh at Beams and Other Meshing Lines: Ging nh Default Option.
Mesh at Wall and Ramp Edges: Chia nh ti vch.
Mesh at Visible Grids: Chia nh ti ni giao vi cc ng li.
Further Subdivide Auto Mesh with Maximum Element Size of: t ng chia
BM
nh phn t Area thnh cch phn t nh hn c kch thc ln nht bng

Ramp and Wall Meshing Options:
+ No Subdivision of Object: Etabs khng chia nh phn t.

+ Subdivide Object into {Specify Number} vertical and {Specify Number} horizontal:
Bn s khai bo s lng phn t c chia bng cch khai bo s ng chia
theo phng thng ng v theo phng ngang.
+ Subdivide Object into Elements with Maximum Size of {Specify Number}: Nhp
vo kch thc ln nht ca cc Area con.
D
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
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62 Chng 4: Ph lc
Chng 4: Ph lc
1. Section Designer
1.1. Tng quan

Section Designer l chng trnh chy tch hp vo trong Etabs. Cc chc nng c bn
ca Section Designer:
D
nh ngha cc tit din Frame (b tng ct thp hoc thp) phc tp khng c sn
X
trong Etabs.
H
nh ngha cc tit din vch chu lc (Pier Wall) b tng ct thp hoc thp.
n n

r io
1.2. Cn bn v Section Designer
-T rs
g
1.2.1. Khi ng Section Designer
D ve
Tng ng vi hai chc nng c bn ni trn, ta c hai

cch khi ng Section Designer trong Etabs.
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1.2.1.1. Section Designer For Frame Sections

Khi ng Section Designer cho Frame Sections, ta lm
i
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theo cc bc sau:
BM
Hnh 4. 2 Hp thoi Define Frame Hnh 4. 1 Hp thoi Define

Properties. Frame Properties.
Chn Define menu Frame Sections trong Etabs, hp thoi Define Frame Properties
hin ln.
nh ngha thm mt tit din mi, nhn vo Combo box v chn Add SD Section.
Hp thoi SD Section Data xut hin. Cc thng s trong hp thoi ny s c

cp c th trong phn 2.1.
Nhn vo nt Section Designer trong hp thoi SD Section Data khi ng chng
trnh Section Designer (hnh 4.2).
1.2.1.2. Section Designer For Wall Piers

khi ng Section Designer cho Wall Piers ta lm
theo cc bc sau:
D
Vo Design menu Shear Wall Design Define
X
Pier Sections for Checking trong Etabs, khi hp
thoi Pier Sections s hin ln.
n n
nh ngha mi mt tit din ta bm vo nt Add

r io
Pier Section. thay i tit din c sn bm vo
nt Modify/Show Pier Section.
-T rs
g
Hp thoi Pier Section Data hin ln. Cc thng s
D ve
ca hp thoi ny s c cp n trong mc
1.2.2.
X al
Bm vo nt Section Designer trn hp thoi Pier Hnh 4. 3 Hp thoi Pier

i
Section Data khi ng chng trnh Section Section Data.

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Designer.
1.2.2. Hp thoi Pier Section Data

Mc ny trnh by chi tit cc thng tin trong hp thoi Pier Section Data.
Section Name: Tn ca tit din Pier.

Base Material: vt liu c s ca Pier (ging nh Base Material ca Frame Section).
BM
Add Pier: thm mt Pier mi (xem phn bi tp hiu hn v hai la chn ny).
+ Add New Pier Section: to mi mt Pier.
+ Start from Existing Wall Pier: nh ngha mi mt Pier t mt hnh dng Pier c
sn.
Define/Edit/Show Section bm vo nt Section Designer bt u chnh sa,

hoc nh ngha mi tit din.
64 Chng 4: Ph lc
1.2.3. Hp thoi SD Section Data

Mc ny trnh by chi tit cc thng tin trong hp thoi SD Section Data.
Section Name: Tn tit din.
Base Material: vt liu c s. S lng loi vt liu trong Combo Box ph thuc vo s
lng loi vt liu ta khai bo trong Etabs. Vic khai bo vt liu c s phc v cho
hai mc ch:
+ Xc nh loi bi ton thit k (Thit k b tng ct thp, hay thit k thp).
+ Nu tit din c lm t nhiu loi vt liu, khi
D
tnh ton cc c trng hnh hc v c trng c
X
hc ca tit din, Etabs s quy i tt c cc loi
vt liu v vt liu c s v a ra bo co
H
(report) v cc c trng c hc ca tit din
n n

(Section Properties).
r io
Design Type: Mc ny ch nh r kiu thit k.
-T rs
g
Concrete Column Check/Desgin: Ch nh loi bi
D ve
ton thit k:
+ Reinforcement to be Checked: Bi ton kim tra
X al
+ Reinforcement to be Designed: Bi ton thit k.

i
Define/Edit/Show Section bm vo nt Section

TH Tr
Designer bt u chnh sa, hoc nh ngha

mi tit din.
Hnh 4. 4 Hp thoi SD
Section Data.
BM
1.3. Chng trnh Section Designer
1.3.1. Giao din chng trnh Section Designer
D
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
Hnh 4. 5 Giao din chng trnh Section Designer.

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1.3.2. H trc ta
i
H trc ta trong CSISD (CSI Section Designer) bao gm hai

TH Tr
trc ta X v Y. Trc X lun nm ngang v Y lun thng ng,

chiu dng ca chng c th hin nh hnh v.
1.3.2.1. H trc ta a phng ca Frame

Mc nh trc 2 v 3 nh hnh v, trc 1 tun theo quy tc bn tay
phi (hng t gc ta ra pha ngi dng, vung gc vi mt
phng mn hnh).
BM
i vi h trc ta a phng ca Frame, ta c th xoay

chng quanh trc 1.
1.3.2.2. H trc ta a phng ca Pier

H trc ta a phng ca Pier nh hnh v.
Khng ging nh h trc ta a phng ca Frame, h trc ta a phng ca
Pier khng th xoay c.
66 Chng 4: Ph lc
H trc ta a phng ca Pier trong Etabs c cp n trong chng 3.
1.3.3. Tit din v hnh dng (Sections and Shapes)

Chng ta cn phn bit hai khi nim Section (tit din) v Shape (hnh dng) trong
Section Designer. Mt Section khng ch c th cha mt shape m n cn c th cha
nhiu Shape.
1.3.3.1. Tit din (Section)

Section l mt tit din trn vn c nh ngha trong Section Designer.
D
H trc ta a phng ca section c k hin l trc 2 v 3. Gc ca ta a
phng l trng tm ca tit din.
X
1.3.3.2. Hnh dng (Shape)
H
n n
Hnh dng hnh hc (geometric shapes) gip ta thit k tit din mt cch nhanh chng.

r io
Section Designer cung cp rt nhiu Shape c sn
-T rs
Draw menu Draw Structural Shape: Dng v cc hnh dng kt cu nh hnh
g
dng ch I/Wide flange (ch I), Channel (ch C), Tee (ch T), Angle (thp gc),
D ve
Double Angle (2 thanh thp gc), box/tube (hnh ng), pipe (vnh khuyn) v plate
(tm).
X al
Draw menu Draw Solid Shape: Dng v bn hnh dng c l Rectangle (hnh
ch nht), circle (hnh trn), circular segment (vng trng khuyt) v circular sector
i
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(cung trn).
Draw menu Draw Poly Shape: Cho php ngi dng v mt hnh a gic mt cch
ty .
Vi mi Shape ta c th hiu chnh thuc tnh ca chng bng cch nhn phi chut.
Material: hiu chnh vt liu. Mi mt Shape ch c lm t mt loi vt liu. S lng
loi vt liu c th gn cho Shape ty thuc vo s lng loi vt liu m ta khai bo
trong Etabs.
BM
Dimensions and Location: Kch thc v v tr.
+ V tr ta tm (X, Y Center).
+ Kch thc chiu rng v chiu cao (Height, Width).

+ Mt s thuc tnh khc ty thuc vo hnh dng Shape.
+ Gc quay (Rotation).
Mu ca shape (Color).
Nu vt liu l b tng, ta c thm mc Reinforcing, Combo box ny cho php ngi

dng nh ngha ct thp gia cng cho shape.
+ Bar Cover lp bo v ct thp, chnh l Clear Cover (xem phn ct thp gia
cng).
+ Bar Size kch thc ct thp.
+ Corner Point Reinforcement thp gia cng gc.

Mt trong cc chc nng kh c bit ca Shape l ta c th hiu chnh kch thc mt
cch trc tip trn hnh v thng qua cc Grip bng chc nng Reshape:
D
Chc nng Reshape: Draw menu Reshape Mode.
X
H
n n

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-T rs
g
D ve
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Grip :
i
1.3.4. Ct thp gia cng

TH Tr
1.3.4.1. Khai bo ng knh ct thp

Etabs cung cp cc loi ng knh ct thp theo tiu chun nc ngoi, do vy s thiu
mt s ng knh nu ta dng tiu
chun Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, ta c th
thm loi thp vo bng cch vo
Etabs, chn Options menu
BM
Preferences Reinforcement Bar

Sizes.
Bar ID k hiu thp, v d 26d l
26
Bar Area din tch thp.
Bar Diameter ng knh ct Hnh 4. 6 Khai bo ct thp gia cng.
thp.
68 Chng 4: Ph lc
1.3.4.2. Phn loi ct thp gia cng
D
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
X ali
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Hnh 4. 7 Cc loi ct thp gia cng.
Phn loi ct thp gia cng:

Loi bm dnh cng vi Shape (hnh 4.7.a). Loi ny
c t ng to ra khi tai khai bo Reinforcement trong
thuc tnh ca Shape.
Thp gia cng thm ti mt v tr bt k.

BM
Thp di u trn mt ng thng (Line Pattern) dc

theo cc ng bin ca shape (Edges) (hnh 4.7.b).
Hnh 4. 8 Hai loi Line
Thp ti cc gc (Coner bar) (hnh 4.7.c) Pattern.
Thp gia cng trn Line Pattern dc theo cc ng

bin ca Shape (hnh 4.7.d). Chng ta c hai loi Line Pattern nh hnh 4.8.
Thp gia cng ti gc v thp gia dc theo ng bin ca Shape. Clear Cover l lp
bo v thc ca thp (Hnh 4.9).
1.3.5. Phng php v

Chng ta c th v ring tng Shape, sau v cc ng Line Pattern, hoc ta c th v
Shape sau chn Reinforcement cho chng.
Mun hin chnh hnh dng hoc v tr ca cc i tng,
chng ta phi nhn vo biu tng ReShaper trn Toolbars
hoc vo Draw menu ReShape Mode.
kt thc vic thit k tit din, cc bn nhn vo nt Done
pha bn di phi ca ca s chng trnh.
D
Ch : Nu cc mt tit din bao gm nhiu Shape ri
rc khng lin kt vi nhau. Trong khi tnh ton, cc Shape
X
ny s lm vic cng nhau.
H
Hnh 4. 9 Lp bo v
1.4. Section Properties
n n ct thp.

r io
1.4.1. Mc ch ca Section Properties
-T rs
g
Cc thng s tit din chng ta c th tm thy trong Display menu Show Section
Properties. Chc nng ca lnh ny l:
D ve
Hin th cc c trng tit din (Section Properties).

X al
Cho php ta xem (khng sa c) vt liu c s ca tit din (Base Material).

i vi Frame, n cho php ta thay i c h trc ta
i
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a phng ca tit din.
1.4.2. Thng s thit din

Cng thc tnh s quy i tit din :
Trong :
BM
A Section din tch quy i (n v di bnh phng).

A Shape din tch thc ca cc Shape trong Section (khng
bao gm ct thp gia cng), n v chiu di bnh phng.
E Base modul n hi ca vt liu c s (lc/chiu di bnh
phng).
Hnh 4. 10 Hp
thoi Properties.
70 Chng 4: Ph lc
E Shape modul n hi ca vt liu to nn Shape (lc/chiu di bnh phng).
n s lng Shape trong mt Section.
Ch : din tch thp gia cng (Reinforcing) khng c k n trong qu trnh tnh
ton Secion Properties. Section Properties ch c tnh ton da trn thng s hnh hc
ca tt c cc shape c mt trong Section v vt liu lm ln chng.
A: din tch ca tit din (A Section ).
J: M men chng xon (n v chiu di

m 4).
D
I33: M men qun tnh quanh trc 3
X
(n v chiu di m 4).
H
I22: M men qun tnh quanh trc 2
(n v chiu di m 4).
n n

r io
I23: M men qun tnh, cng thc nh
-T rs
g
trn (n v chiu di m 4).
Hnh 4. 11 Cc thng s ca tit din bt k
D ve
As2: Din tch chng ct song song vi

trc 2 (n v chiu di m 2).
As2: Din tch chng ct song song vi trc 3 (n v chiu di m 2).

X al
S33 (+face): Section modulus about the 3-axis at extreme fiber of the section in the
i
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positive 2-axis direction, length3.

S22 (+face): Section modulus about the 2-axis at extreme fiber of the section in the
positive 3-axis direction, length3.
S33 (face): Section modulus about the 3-axis at extreme fiber of the section in the
negative 2-axis direction, length3.
S22(face): Section modulus about the 2-axis at extreme fiber of the section in the
negative 3-axis direction, length3.
BM
r33: Bn knh qun tnh quanh trc 3 (n v chiu di).

R22: Bn knh qun tnh quanh trc 2 (n v chiu di).
Xcg, Ycg: ta ca trong tm tit din (Center Gravity) trong h ta XOY.
1.5. V d
To mt tit din ct C100x100 bng b tng mc 300. Ct cng hnh ch I kch thc l
0.8 x 0.6 x 0.05, ct mm l thp AII.
bt chng trnh Section Designer. Ta vo menu Define

Define Frame Section SD Section Data. in cc
thng s cho ct nh hnh 4.11.
Bn vo menu Draw Draw Solid Shape Rectangle,
kch vo gc ta XOY. Kch phi chut vo tit din hnh
vung, chnh cc thng s nh trong hp thoi Shape
Properties Solid.
D
X
H
n n

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-T rs
g Hnh 4. 12 Hp thoi SD
D ve
Hnh 4. 13 Hp thoi Shape Properties Solide. Section Data.
Sau vo menu Draw Draw Structural Shape I/Wide Flange, kch vo gc ta

XOY. Kch phi chut vo tit din hnh ch I, chnh cc thng s nh trong hp thoi
X al
Shape Properties I/Wide Flange.

i
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BM
Hnh 4. 14 Hp thoi Shape Properties Solide.
Sau khi hiu chnh xong, tit din c v c dng nh sau.

72 Chng 4: Ph lc
D
X
H
n n

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Hnh 4. 15 Tit din sau khi v xong.
Bm phi chut vo bt k thanh thp trn cnh ca hnh vung (khng bm vo thp
-T rs
g
gc), hp thoi Edge Reinforcing hin ln, chnh cc thng s nh hnh di.
D ve
Bm phi chut vo bt k thanh thp gc, hp thoi Cornet Point Reinforcing hin ln,
chnh cc thng s nh hnh di.
X ali
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Hnh 4. 16 Gia cng ct thp cho tit din.
Vo Menu Display Show Section Properties. Chng ta c bng thng s tit din nh
hnh 4.17. ng Section Designer v nhn nt OK kt thc vic nh ngha khai bo
BM
tit din.
Tr v Etabs, v vt c tit din nh va v. Ta c kt qu nh hnh 4.18.
D
X
H
n n

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-T rs
Hnh 4. 17 Cc thng s
tit din.
g Hnh 4. 18 Hnh dng ca ct va nh ngha.
D ve
2. Li (Grid)
X al
2.1. Hp thoi Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition
i
TH Tr
Grid Dimensions (Plan): cc thng s ca li trn mt bng.

Uniform Grid Spacing: khong cch gia cc ng li u nhau.
Number Lines in X Direction: s lng ng li theo phng X.
Number Lines in Y Direction: s lng ng li theo phng Y.
Spacing in X Direction: khong cch gia cc ng li theo phng X.
Spacing in Y Direction: khong cch gia cc ng li theo phng Y.

BM
Story Dimensions: cc thng s v chiu cao tng.

Simple Story Data: d liu cho tng tng.
Number Stories: s tng.

Typical Story Height: chiu cao tng in hnh.
Bottom Story Height: chiu cao tng trt.

74 Chng 4: Ph lc
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Hnh 4. 19
g
Hp thoi Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition.
D ve
2.2. Hp thoi Grid Labeling Options

Chn Custom Grid Spacing trong hp thoi Building
X al
Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition nhn vo

nt Grid Labels. Hp thoi Grid Labeling Options hin
i
TH Tr
ln. Hp thoi ny dng nh tn cc trc mt cch

t ng.
Beginning X, Y ID: tn trc bt u theo phng X,
Y.
Label Left to Right: tn trc c nh s t tri
sang phi theo phng X.
Label Bottom to Top: tn trc c nh s t di
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Hnh 4. 20 Hp thoi Grid

ln trn theo phng Y. Labeling Options
2.3. Hp thoi Define Grid Data
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Hnh 4. 21 Hp thoi Define Grid Data.
X, Y Grid Data: li theo phng X,Y.

i
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Grid ID: tn trc.

Ordinate: ta ca li.
Line Type: Loi ng trc.
+ Primary: li chnh.
+ Secondary: li ph.
BM
+ Li chnh s c tn li. Tri li, li ph s khng c tn li. chuyn qua li

di li chnh v li ph, ta ch vic nhp p chut vo ch Primary
(Secondary) ca li .
Visibility: iu khin s n hin ca li.
+ Show: hin li.

+ Hide: n li.
76 Chng 4: Ph lc
+ chuyn qua li gia Show v Hide ta nhn p chut vo ch show( hide) ca

li .
Bubble Loc (Bubble Location): iu khin v tr tn li.

+ Top / Bottom: trn/di.
+ Left/Right: tri/phi.
+ chuyn qua li gia Top/Bottom v Left/Right ta nhn p chut vo ch
Top/Bottom v Left/Right ca li .
Grid Color: iu khin mu ca li.
D
Units: n v.
X
Display grids as: hin th grid di dng.
H
+
n n
Ordinates: ta ca cc li.

r io
+ Spacing: khong cch gia cc ng lui.
-T rs
g
Hide All Grid Lines: n tt c cc ng li.
D ve
Glue to Grid Lines: cc im trn li s c bm dnh ly li. C ngha l khi ta

hiu chnh li th tt c cc im nm trn li s c dch chuyn cng vi li.
Bubble Size: kch thc ca tn ng li.
X al
2.4. Hp thoi Story Data

i
TH Tr
bt hp thoi ny, chng ta vo menu Edit Edit Story Data Edit Story.
Label: tn ca tng.
Height: chiu cao tng.
Elevation: cao ca tng.
Master Story: tng chnh.

BM
Similar To: khai bo tng s tng t nh

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Hnh 4. 22 Hp thoi Story Data.

X al
2.5. Cc ch v
i
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Cc ch v c chnh gc phn mm Etabs.

Chng ta c ba ch v:
One Story: Ch v v chnh sa trn mt tng.
All Stories: Chng ta v v chnh sa trn tt c cc tng. V d nh khi ta xa mt

Frame trn 1 tng th cc Frame trn cc tng khc (ti v tr tng t nh th nu
nh c, nhng tng khc) cng s b xa theo.
One Story: Khi chng ta v v chnh sa trn tng in hnh (Master Story) th cc
BM
tng tng t cng b hiu chnh theo (Similar Story). Chng ta khai bo tng in
hnh v tng tng t trong hp thoi Edit Story Data mc 2.4. V d nh khi ta v
mt Frame trn tng in hnh th Frame ny cng c v trn cc tng tng t.
Ba ch v trn ch c tc dng khi chng ta thao tc trn mt bng (Bn c c th
tham kho thm trong phn bi tp 2).
78 Chng 4: Ph lc
3. Ti trng (Load)
3.1. Wind Load

Mc ny xin gii thiu mt s tnh nng nhp ti thng qua kiu ti trng l ti gi (Wind
Load).
Vo Define menu Static Load Cases. Khai bo cc thng s nh trong bng Define
Static Load Case Names nh di y.
+ Type: wind.
+
D
Auto Lateral Load: User Defined.
X
H
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g
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X al
Hnh 4. 23 Define Static Load Case Names.

i
Sau khi Add New Load, nhn vo nt Modify Lateral Load.

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BM
D
X
H
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g
D ve
Hnh 4. 24 Hp thoi Wind Loading.

X al
FX, FY, MZ l lc t vo Diaphram. Cc ti trng ny tc ng vo diaphragm ti ta

i
l XOrd v YOrd.
TH Tr
V d, khi bn mun nhp ti gi ng hoc ng t, bn tm ta tm khi lng v

nhp vo XOrd v YOrd, ti trng theo phng X th nhp vo FX, ti trng theo
phng Y th nhp vo FY.
Ch : Phng php ny s dng cch nhp ti vo Diaphram nn nht thit bn

phi khai bo diaphragm cho cc tng trc khi nhp ti.
3.2. Quake Lad

BM
Mc ny xin gii thiu mt s tnh nng nhp ti thng qua kiu ti trng l ti gi (Wind
Load).
Vo Define menu Static Load Cases. Khai bo cc thng s nh trong bng Define
Static Load Case Names nh di y.
+ Type: Quake.
+ Auto Lateral Load: User Loads.
80 Chng 4: Ph lc
D
Hnh 4. 25 Hp thoi Define Static Load Case Names.
X
Sau khi Add New Load, nhn vo nt Modify Lateral Load. Hp thoi User Seismic
Loading hin ln (Hnh 4.25).
H
n n

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g
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X ali
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Hnh 4. 26 Hp thoi User Seismic Loading.
FX, FY, MZ l lc t vo Diaphram. Cc ti trng ny tc ng vo diaphragm ti ta

l X v Y.
V d, khi bn mun nhp ti gi ng hoc ng t, bn tm ta tm khi lng v

nhp vo ta X v Y, ti trng theo phng X th nhp vo FX, ti trng theo phng Y
th nhp vo FY.
Ngoi ra, i vi loi ti trng ny, ta c thm la chn nhp vo tm khi lng ca
Diaphram (Apply at Center of Mass).
Ch :
+ Phng php ny s dng cch nhp ti vo Diaphram nn nht thit bn phi
khai bo diaphragm cho cc tng.
+ Khi bn khai bo ti trng, bn c khai bo loi ti trng (Type) l Dead, Live,
Wind vic khai bo ny ch c ngha khi bn s dng chc nng t hp ti
trng t ng (Define Add Defaut Design Combo). Khi s dng chc nng Add
D
Defaut Design Combo, Etabs s da vo tiu chun thit k (Options
Preferences Concrete Frame Design) v cc loi ti trng (Dead, Live m
X
bn khai bo) t sinh ra cc t hp ti trng.
H
+ Cn nu bn t khai bo cc t hp ti trng (khng s dng chc nng Define
n n
menu Load combination) th vic khai bo loi ti trng (Live, Dead, Wind)

r io
khng c ngha g. Do vy bn c th tn dng cc chc nng nhp ti trng vo
-T rs
Diaphram ni trn nhp cc loi ti trong khc theo mong mun ca bn.
+
g
Mt cch c th, c hai chc nng nhp ti Wind Load v Quake Load va trnh
D ve
by trn, bn c u c th s dng chng nhp ti trng vo tm khi

lng, tm cng hoc vo mt v tr bt k trn Diaphragm. iu quan trng l bn
X al
c phi bit ly ta tm cng cng nh ta tm khi lng ca tng tng

in vo cc hp thoi ny. Chi tit xin xem thm phn bi tp thc hnh.
i
TH Tr
4. cc phng php chn phn t
4.1. Chn phn t trn mt bng

Chn bng cch kch vo im, phn t Frame hoc phn t Area trn mt bng chng
ta s chn c i tng trn mt bng.
Nu bn c mun chn ct ca tng , bn c khoanh chut bao ly ct , kt qu l

BM
ct v cc im nm trn ct s c chn.
Nu bn c mt chn vch, bn c khoanh chut bao ly vch , kt qu l vch v

cc im nm trn vch s c chn.
Chng ta phn bit hai cch khoanh chut trong Etabs. A
+ Nu khoanh t v tr A n B, th tt c cc phn t
nm trong hnh ch nht s c chn.
B
+ Nu khoanh tr B v A, th tt c cc phn t m hnh
82 Chng 4: Ph lc
ch nht ct qua s c chn.
4.2. a im nhn ra v cng

Phng php a im nhn ra v cng rt thun
tin cho vic chn phn t. Cch lm nh sau:
Vo menu View Set 3D View.
Trong hp thoi Set 3D View, chng ta
Aperture bng 0. Cn Plan v Elevation chng
ta theo mong mun. V d nh hnh v 4.27
D
l nhn t trn xung, im nhn v cng.
X
u im ca vic a im nhn ra v cng (ly v
d nh khi ta a im nhn ra v cng, nhn t
H
trn xung, nh hnh 4.27):
n n

r io
Khi ta khoanh mt hnh ch nht bao ly ct,
th tt c cc ct ti v tr ca tt c cc
-T rs
tng s c chn. g Hnh 4. 27 Hp thoi Set 3D View.

D ve
S dng kt hp vi chc nng th t trong thanh cng c chn mc di (4.3) s

mang li hiu qu mt cch ng k.
X al
4.3. S dng thanh cng c

i
TH Tr
Chng ta c cc thanh cng c chn phn t sau:

All: Chn tt c cc phn t.
Ps: Ly li tp hp chn trc .

Clr: hy b tp hp ang chn.
Intersecting Line (Hnh ng thng ct qua cc i

tng): Vch mt ng thng ct qua cc i tng.
BM
Cc i tng ct qua ng thng s c chn.
4.4. S dng chc nng trong menu Select

Menu Select by Frame Sections: dng chn cc
thanh c cng mt tit din. V d hnh 4.28 chn cc ct
Hnh 4. 28 Chn dm c cng
c tit din C40x 40 v C80x100.
tit din.
Menu Select by Wall/Slab/Deck Sections: dng
chn cc phn t Area c cng mt tit din. V d hnh 4.29 chn tt c cc tm vch c
tit din 4.29.
Menu Select by Line Object Type: Chn phn t

Frame theo kiu phn t (hnh 2.30):
+ Column: Phn t ct.

+ Beam: Phn t dm.
+ Brace: Phn t ging.
+ Null: Khng chn g
D
Hnh 4. 29 Chn dm c
cng tit din.
X
+ Dimen Lines: Cc ng ghi kch thc.
H
Menu Select by Wall/Slab/Deck Sections: Chn phn
n n

t Area theo kiu phn t (hnh 2.31):
r io
+ Wall: phn t vch, tng.
-T rs
+ Floor: Phn t Sn. g
D ve
+ Ramp: B dc, thang leo.

+ Null: Khng chn g. Hnh 4. 30 Hp thoi Select
X al
Line Object Type

Menu Select Deselect: Dng loi b mt s i
i
tng no trong tp hp cc i tng c chn.

TH Tr
Menu Select Invert: Dng o ngc tp hp

chn. (s loi b cc phn t ang chn ra khi tph hp
chn, thm vo cc i tng cha c chn vo tp
hp chn)
Menu Select Pier ID: Chn theo tn ca cc phn t

Pier.
BM
Hnh 4. 31 Hp thoi Select

Menu Select Spandrel ID: Chn theo tn ca cc
Area Object Type.
phn t Spandrel.
5. Hp thoi Replicate
Hp thoi Replicate dng nhn bn cc i tng. Phng php nhn bn nh sau:
Chn i tng cn nhn bn.
Vo menu Edit Replicate. Hp thoi Replicate hin ln nh hnh 4.32.

84 Chng 4: Ph lc
Cc chc nng nhn bn Linear (theo phng thng), Radial (theo hnh cung trn),
Mirror (ly i xng) ging nh trong Sap2000.
Chc nng Story: nhn bn theo tng. Chc nng ny khng c Sap2000. Khi s
dng chc nng ny, Etabs t ng iu chnh chiu di ct v vch nu cc tng c
chiu cao khc nhau.
Mc Option trong hp thoi Replicate dng chnh cc thuc tnh nhn bn. V d,
hnh 3.33 th hin cch ch Replicate cc phn t v lin kt, khng Replicate ti
trng.
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Hnh 4. 33 Hp thoi Replicate.

i
Hnh 4. 32 Hp thoi Replicate.

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BM
TH Tr
X ali
D ve
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n n
g

H
X
D
86 Chng 5: Bi tp thc hnh
Chng 5: Bi tp thc hnh
a ch lin h: hm th anhbinh0310@yahoo.com hoc chuyn mc Tin hc ng dng

trong thit k (Sap, Etabs) ti a ch http://el.nuce.edu.vn/.
Chng ti khuyn co bn c nn c v nm vng phn Sap2000 trc khi bc vo
D
c v thc hnh phn Etabs.
X
Cc bi tp di y c xy dng trn nn Etabs 8.50. Cc version khc ca Etabs
chng ti cha kim tra li.
H
n n
Phn bi tp c bin son t cc kin thc c bn n phc tp. Do vy, bn c nn

r io
thc hnh t bi tp 1 n bi tp 4 mt cch tun t.
-T rs
1. Bi tp 1
g
D ve
Mc ch:
Thao tc vi chc nng c bn ca Etabs.
X al
Phng php nh ngha cc trng hp ti trng.

i
Cch c d liu xut ra v ly cc d liu cn thit.

TH Tr
Phng php gn ti trng vo tm cng v tm khi lng.
Phng php t hp ti trng.
Phng php kim tra m hnh, pht hin li v sa li.

Phng php thit k ct thp theo tiu chun nc ngoi.
Phng php xem kt qu ni lc.

BM
bi:
Mt bng kt cu cc tng c v trang sau.
1.1. Lp h li.
Chn n v: T/m.
Vo menu File New Model, nhn No trong hp thoi tip theo m hp thoi
Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition.
D
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
88
BM
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X ali
D ve
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n n
g

H
X
D
D
X
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n n

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g
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X ali
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Nhp cc gi tr ng li nh hnh v:
D
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Tch vo Custom grid spacing trong hp thoi

Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition
hiu chnh ng li.
Kch vo nt Grid Label trong hp thoi Building

Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition hiu
chnh tn ng trc. Cc thng s nh hnh v bn.
BM
+ X Grid: t tn cc ng li vung gc vi trc

X, ln lt t tri qua phi (Left to Right), tc l
theo phng X.
+ Y Grid: t tn cc ng li vung gc vi trc

Y, ln lt t di ln trn (Bottom to Left), tc l theo phng Y.
Bm nt OK thot khi hp thoi Grid Label Options.
Bm vo nt Edit Grid trong hp thoi Building Plan Grid System and Story Data
Definition, hp thoi Define Grid Data hin ln. Hp thoi ny dng hiu chnh khong
cch ng li v tn trc. Cc thng s trong hp thoi ny in nh sau :
D
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
X al
Trong hp thoi ny, chng ti khuyn co bn c nn chuyn Display Grid as:

i
Spacing. Sau chnh cc thng s X Grid Data v Y Grid Data nh hnh trn (Xem thm
TH Tr
chng 4, mc 2.3). Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi Define Grid Data.

Tch vo Custom Story Data trong hp thoi Building Plan Grid System and Story
Data Definition hiu chnh chiu cao gia cc tng .
BM
Chnh Master Story sang TANG 1. Chnh Similar to TANG 1. Cc thng s khc gi
nguyn (Xem thm chng 4, mc 2.4). Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi Story Data.
Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition.
Chng ta quay v mn hnh Etabs nh hnh di y :
D
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
X ali
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1.2. Khai bo cc c trng hnh hc v vt liu:

Khai bo vt liu : Menu Define Material
propeties. Trong hp thoi Define Materials chn
Add New Material.
Khai bo vt liu b tng mc 400 nh trong
BM
hp thoi Material Property Data di y. Cc s

liu trong mc Dessign propety Data l cng
ca b tng, ca thp. Cc gi tr ny s dng cho
thit k ct thp.
Cc cng b tng, thp phi ph hp vi:
+ Tiu chun thit k m bn s dng thit k ra ct thp.
+ Mc b tng.
+ Mu th nghim hnh lp phng hay hnh lng tr (phi ph hp vi tiu chun

thit k).
D
X
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n n

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khai bo cc c trng hnh hc ca
-T rs
g
dm v ct, bn c vo menu Define
D ve
Frame Sections. Trong hp thoi Define

Frame Properties chn Add Rectangular.
Chng ti tin hnh khai bo cc c
X al
trng hnh hc cho dm D22x50 nh hnh v

i
di y.
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Trong hp thoi Rectangular Section, chn Reinforcement m hp thoi

Reinforcement Data. Hp thoi ny dng khai bo cc thng s v lp bo v ca b
tng, kiu phn t (dm, ct) phc v cho bi ton thit k ct thp.
+ Trong hp thoi chn kiu thit k (Design Type) l Beam (Phn t dm).
+ Chn lp bo v ca b tng (Concrete Cover to Rebar Center) pha trn (Top) v

pha di (Bottom) ca dm l 0,03m. Chng ti khuyn co, bn c nn chn s
b ct thp cho dm tnh ton ra lp bo v ct thp. Sau khi chy bi ton
D
thit k, nu Etabs tnh ra ct thp qu chnh lnh so vi ct thp chn s b,
th bn c nn chn li lp bo v ny, sau chy li bi ton thit k. C lm
X
nh th n khi no bn c c c kt qu hp l.
H
Lm tng t khai bo cho cc tit din dm D22x45; D22x40; D15x30; D22x30 v
n n
cc tit din ct C30x30; C22x22 nh cc hnh v di y:

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g
D ve
X ali
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D
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
X ali
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BM
D
X
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n n

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g
D ve
X ali
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Tip theo, chng ti tin hnh khai bo tit din tm sn. khai bo tit din sn,
BM
bn c vo menu Define Wall/Slab/Deck Sections, chn Add New Slab.

D
Khai bo cc thng s cho sn v sinh trong hp thoai
Wall/Slab/Section (Section Name: SVS) :
X
+ Trong hp thoi Wall/Slab Section chn b dy
H
n n
chng ko, nn (Membrane) v b dy chng un

r io
(Bending) bng chiu dy sn l 0,12m. Kiu phn
t (Type) chn Thick Plate. Ta c th chn mu ca sn v sinh theo mong mun
-T rs
g
trong mc Display Color.
D ve
Lm tng t khai bo cc c trng hnh hc cho cc tm sn hnh lang (SHL),

sn phng lm vic (SLV), sn phng hp (SPH), sn mi (MAI). Ta c kt qu nh hnh
di y:
X ali
TH Tr
BM
1.3. V s kt cu.
Thanh cng c dng di chuyn mt ct gia cc tng.
Cc cng c sau ln lt phng to thu nh ca s nhn.
Cc cng c sau ln lt hin khung nhn di dng 3D, mt

phng, mt ct, quay khung nhn, nhn cng trnh vi gc nhn t trn xung.
ca s ny ang ch nhn mt
phng tng 4, cao 14,8m.
ca s ny ang ch nhn 3D.
1.3.1. V mt bng dm
V v gn tit din phn t dm cho tng 1, tit din
dm c gn ngay trong qu trnh v hp thoi
D
Properties of Object trn mn hnh.
Kch chut sang ca s nhn dng mt phng (Plan
X
View), dng chc nng dch chuyn mt phng
H
nhn xung tng 1 .
n n

r io
Kch vo thanh cng c v Frame , ca s Properties of Object hin ln, chn tit
din dm sp v D22x50 trong mc Property (hp thoi Properties of Object nh hnh
-T rs
g
trn) . Sau v dm bng cch tch hai im u (C1) v cui (C6) nh hnh v.
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Lu :
+ Khc vi Sap2000, trong Etabs, chng ta khng nht thit phi v tng on dm
nh, chng ta ch bt buc phi chia nh khi c tit din thay i.
+ Ging nh Sap2000, trong Etabs, vic v phn t Frame t tri qua phi hay t
phi sang tri s lm thay i h ta a phng ca
phn t Frame.
BM
Kch vo biu tng Set Display View Options , sau chnh

View by Colors of Section,
v Special Effects nh
hnh bn.
Sau khi v xong cc dm c tit din
D22x50, ta chuyn sang v cc dm c tit
din khc. Ta c s kt cu sau :
D
X
H
n n

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1.3.1.1. Cch th nht
-T rs
V v gn c trng hnh hc cho phn t dm trc nh ra khi trc A theo trc 0X
mt on 0,45m g
D ve
+ Chng ta chnh thng s Plan Offset Normal trong hp thoi Properties of Object
t 0 thnh 0,45.
X al
+ Sau v t im M (ta A1) n im N (nm trn trc A), ta c hnh di

i
y:
TH Tr
BM
X Y
M N
Tng t ta chnh Plan Offset Normal trong hp thoi Properties of Object bng 0,94
v v dm D22x40 t im X n im Y nh hnh v trn.
Chn chc nng bt im vung gc , phng to mn hnh v phn
u dm b thiu. . V nt cc phn t dm cn
D
li nh cc phng php trnh by trn. Ta c kt qu sau:
X
H
n n

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g
D ve
X ali
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1.3.1.2. Cch th hai

Cch ny m t cc dng chc nng Reshape Object ca Etabs.
V dm tit din D22x50 trng vi trc A nh hnh v:
BM
Dm trc khi chia
Sau chn dm va v, vo menu Edit Divide Line chia dm ny ti nhng

on nh giao vi li.
Dm c chia lm 3 phn
Chn ba dm nh trn, vo menu Edit Cut, sau vo menu Edit Paste, in
D
vo hp thoi Paste Coordinates nh hnh di. Ta c kt qu nh sau:
X
3 dm sau khi dch chuyn
H
n n

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-T rs
g
D ve
Phng to phn u dm cn thiu, bm vo cng c . Sau kch

chut vo dm cn ko di, cm u dm ko vo v tr u dm
D22x50 nm ngang.
X ali
TH Tr
Trc khi chnh Sau khi chnh
Sau lm tng t i vi cc u dm khc.

Chng ta cn mt phn dm nh ra pha trc 1
BM
nh hnh v bn.
Chn im H, sau chn menu Edit
Extrude points to Lines. Hp thoi Extrude
points to Lines hin ln, in cc thng s nh sau:
Dm nh va
c sinh ra
D
X
H
Nh vy im H bin thnh mt Frame, sau ta gn tit din D22x45 cho Frame va
H
n n
sinh ra bng cch: chn Frame va sinh ra, vo menu Assign Frame/Line Frame

r io
Section, chn tit din D22x45. Ta c kt qu nh sau :
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g
D ve
X ali
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1.3.1.3. Cch th ba.

Cch th ba a ra vi mc ch m t cch v phn t Frame m Sap2000 khng c.
Nh bit trong cch th nht v th hai, ta v dm bng cch tch im u v im
cui ca dm, phn ny chng ti gii thiu cch v bng cch khoanh mt hnh vung
BM
cha im u v im cui ca dm cn v.
Gi s ta cn v dm ca trc A. Kch vo biu cng

c v nhanh Creat Line In Region or at Click . Hp
thoi Properties of Object hin ln. Chnh cc thng s
trong hp thoi ny cho ng vi dm cn v.
Khoanh vng cn v Frame.
Khoanh vng cn v Kt qu l ba dm dc trc A c v
1.3.2. V mt bng ct.

Nu bn c c kh khn g trong qu trnh thc hnh, xin tra c phn ch trong mc
2.3.2.3.
1.3.2.1. Cch th nht
D
Trong cch ny, chng ti gii thiu cch v ct bng cch kch chut trn mt bng bng
X
kt cu.
Kch vo biu tng v ct
H
Creat columns In Region or at Click (plan). Chnh
n n
Property sang tit din ct C22x22. Sau k c h v o tng v tr c ct M (ta A1), N

r io
(A2), P (A3), Q (A5), R (A6). Ta c kt qu nh sau :
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
M N P Q R
1.3.2.2. Cch th 2
M t phng php v nhanh ca ct l mc ch chnh c cp trong cch ny.
BM
Kch vo biu tng v ct Creat columns In Region or at Click (plan). Chnh

Property sang tit din ct C33x33. Khoanh hai hnh ch nht nh hnh di y.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
1.3.2.3. Ch
Trn mt bng, nu ta chn mt im, ta kch vo im cn chn. Nu ta mun chn mt
ct, ta khoanh mt hnh ch nht bao ly ct .
1.3.3. V mt bng sn
v sn qua cc nh ca mt a gic. Chnh tit din sn SPH
BM
S dng chc nng

trong thuc tnh Property ca hp thoi Properties of Object. Sau v qua cc nh ca
sn phng hp.
Khuyn co:
+ Bn c nn v qua tt c cc im m cnh a gic i qua.
11 chm en trn bin sn l 11 im ca a gic cn v.

D
Tng t, ta c th v ht cc sn ca tng 1.
X
Chn ca s Plan view TANG 1 Elevation 4, sau kch
H
vo biu tng Set Display View Options , sau chnh View
n n
by Colors of Section, v Object View Options nh hnh bn.

r io
Cui cng ta c kt qu nh sau:
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
1.4. Sao chp mt bng kt cu

BM
Trn ca s mt bng kt cu tng 1, chn tt c cc phn t bng Ctrl+A. Sau

vo menu Edit Replicate. Chn mc Story, chn TANG 2, TANG 3, TANG 4. Nhn
OK. Ta c kt qu nh sau:
D
X
H
n n
Lu : Trong hp thoi Replicate c mc Option, trong mc ny c rt nhiu la chn

r io
cho vic sao chp tng. V d, bn c th ch sao chp mt bng kt cu dm ct sn m
khng sao chp ti trng trn mt bng kt cu .
-T rs
g
Chuyn mt phng nhn qua cc tng, ri gn li tit din sn bng cch : vo menu
D ve
Assign Shell/Area Wall/Slab/Deck Section.

X ali
TH Tr
BM
D
X
H
1.5. Gn lin kt ni t.
n n
Chuyn ca s nhn mt bng xung Base. Chn tt c cc im bng cch khoanh mt

r io
hnh ch nht, ri vo menu Assign Joint/Point Restraint (Supports). Hp thoi
-T rs
Assign Restraint hin ln, ta tch ht vo cc la chn nh
g
hnh v bn. Sau kch OK thot khi hp thoi.
D ve
Nh vy ta hon tt xong vic to m hnh kt cu.
1.6. Phng php v sn nh ra

X al
thun tin cho vic to m hnh kt cu trn, chng ti

i
TH Tr
gii thiu mt phng php v sn nh ra (nh ban cng)

nh sau:
Chng ta chn cc dm trc 1, sau vo menu
Edit Extrude Lines to Areas. Hp thoi Extrude Lines to Areas hin ln, chng ta in
dx = 0.44, chng ta c kt qu nh sau:
BM
Sau chn sn va sinh ra, gn tit din ph hp cho sn .
1.7. Gn sn tuyt i cng
1.7.1. nh ngha cc Diaphragms

Vo menu Define
Diaphragms. Hp thoi
Define Diaphragm hin
ln, bm nt Add New
D
Diaphragm. in tn
X
Diaphragm TANG1 vo
Textbox, sau chn
H
Rigid, ri bm nt OK.
n n

r io
Tng t, ta nh ngha cc Diaphragms cho tng 2,3 v tng mi.
-T rs
g
1.7.2. Gn Diaphragms cho cc tng
D ve
Chuyn ca s nhn mt bng xung tng 1. .

Chn tt c cc cu kin ca tng 1 bng cch
khoanh mt hnh ch nht bao kn c mt bng. Sau
X al
vo menu Assign Shell/Area

i
Diaphragms. Sau chn TANG1 trong hp thoi

TH Tr
Assign Diaphragms.
Chn chc nng ly li cc phn t va c
chn Get Previous Selection (chc

nng ps trong thanh cng c ny). Sau vo
menu Assign Joint/Point Diaphragms.
Chn TANG1 trong hp thoi Assign Diaphragms
BM
Chng ta lm tng t cho cc tng 2, 3 v tng mi.
1.8. nh ngha cc
trng hp ti trng
Vo menu Define
Static Load Cases. Hp
thoi Define Static Load
Cases Name hin ln.
Chng ta nh ngha ba trng hp ti trng TT (Tnh ti), HT (Hot ti), TKL (Ti trng
nhp vo tm khi lng), TC (Ti trng nhp vo tm cng):
1.9. Khai bo khi lng ca cng trnh

Vic khai bo ny nh hng n:
Tn s dao ng ca cng trnh.
Khi lng ca tng Diaphragm (c th dng
tnh ton ti trng ng) xem thm mc 1.12.
Cch khai bo nh sau:
D
Bc 1: khai bo tnh ti (vi h s Self Weight
X
Multiplier bng 1,1) v hot ti nh mc 1.8.
H
Bc 2: nhp ti trng tnh ti v hot ti (trong
n n

bi tp ny chng ti khng cp n cch nhp
r io
ti trng hot ti v tnh ti).
-T rs
g
Bc 3: vo menu Define Mass Source. Trong hp thoi Define Mass Source di
D ve
y chng ti mun khai bo khi lng tham gia tnh ton bao gm TT + 0,5HT.
1.10. Khai bo t ng chia nh sn v dm

X al
1.10.1. T ng chia nh dm
i
Mc nh Etabs t ng chia nh dm ti ni:

TH Tr
Dm giao nhau vi dm.

Sn giao nhau vi dm.
Ti v tr sn t ng chia nh.
Cho nn ta khng cn khai bo t ng chia nh dm (tc l chng ta gi nguyn ch

ng mc nh).
BM
1.10.2. T ng chia nh sn
Chn tt c sn ca cc tng (Ctrl + A). Sau vo menu Assign Shell/Area Area
Object Mesh Options.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
Chn chc nng Auto Mesh Object into Structural
Elements v chn kch thc Subdivide l 0,5m nh hp
D ve
thoi trn.
xem li s chia nh ny, kch vo biu tng Set
X al
Display View Options , sau chnh

i
Other Special Items nh hnh bn (chn

TH Tr
Auto Area Mesh). Nhn OK thot

khi hp thoi.
Bn c xem thm mc 3, chng 3.
1.11. Kim tra m hnh

Sau khi lp m hnh xong, chng ti khuyn co ngi
lp m hnh nn kim tra li m hnh bng chc nng
BM
menu Analyze Check Model. Tch vo tt c cc

mc nh hnh di.
Nu m hnh khng c li, hp thoi sau s hin ln :
Hng dn sa mt s li mc phi (di y ch l v d tham kho).
1.11.1. V d 1
TANG 3, F17 & F6 are too close. Check at (-0.003,9.845,11.2): Tng 3, sn 17 (Floor 17)
v sn 6 (Floor 6) qu gn. Phng php sa nh sau:
Chuyn sang ca s nhn mt bng, dng chc nng chuyn mt phng nhn
ln TANG 3.
Kch vo biu tng Set Display View Options , sau chnh Object View Options
nh hnh bn (chn Area Labels). Nhn OK thot khi hp
D
thoi.
X
Sau s dng chc nng F17
H
phng to thu nh, tm n cnh
giao gia hai sn F17 v F6.
n n

r io
Hc chuyn n ta (- F6
0.003,9.845,11.2) tm. Phng
-T rs
g
to cnh ln v quan st li. Sau khi pht hin ra li, ngi lp m
D ve
hnh t chnh sa.
V nh d li sn F17 v F6 c mt phn b trng ln nhau nh hnh

bn.
X ali
1.11.2. V d 2
TH Tr
TANG 3, B72 & B70 are too close.[ .0009]. Check at (0,3.9,11.2): Tng
3, dm 72 (Beam 72) v dm 70 (Beam 70) qu gn. Phng php sa
nh sau:
Chuyn sang ca s nhn mt bng, dng chc nng chuyn mt phng nhn
ln TANG 3.
Kch vo biu tng Set Display View Options , sau chnh Object View Options
BM
nh hnh bn (chn Line Labels). Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi.

Sau s dng chc nng phng to thu nh, tm n v tr giao
gia hai dm B72 v B70. Hc chuyn n ta (0,3.9,11.2)
tm li. Phng to v tr ln v quan st li. Sau khi pht hin ra li,
ngi lp m hnh t chnh sa. V nh hnh bn th hin li hai dm
qu st nhau.
1.11.3. V d 3
Warning: Check meshing, AtTANG 3
area F18 (40.29% Increment): Li ny
gp phi khi c mt mu sn nh ra
khi dm nh hnh bn.
1.11.4. V d 4
TANG 3, 148 & B54 are too close. Check at (-
D
0.001,3.889,11.2): Tng 3, im 148 v dm B54 qu
gn nhau.
X
y l li gia im v dm, nn ta c th n sn i
H
n n
cho d nhn. Sau cho hin th tn ng Line v Point

r io
ln. lm c vic , bn c kch vo biu tng Set Display View Options , sau
chnh Object View Options v nh hnh bn (chn Line Labels, Point Labels v b
-T rs
g
chn Floor Area). Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi.
D ve
Sau s dng chc nng phng to thu nh, tm n v tr dm B54 v im 148.

Hc chuyn n ta (-0.001,3.889,11.2) tm li. Phng to v tr ln v quan st
li. Sau khi pht hin ra li, ngi lp m hnh t chnh sa.
X al
1.12. Chy m hnh

i
TH Tr
Trc khi chay m hnh, bn c khai bo vic tnh ton tm cng: Analyze menu
Calculate Diaphragm Centers of Rigidity.
chy m hnh, bn c vo menu Analyze Run Analysis.
1.13. Ta tm cng v tm khi lng tn s

dao ng
Vo menu File Export Save Input/ Output as
BM
Access Database File. Chn bng ANALYSIS RESULTS

Building Output v Modal Information trong hp thoi
Choose Tables. Nhn nt OK bt hi thoi Acces
Database File, bn c in tn file Access, nhn nt Save.
M file Access va ghi, bn c s nhn thy mt danh sch cc bng va c xut ra :

D
X
Bng Center Mass Rigidity cha tm khi lng v tm cng ca tng Diaphragm (xem
H
mc 7 chng 1).
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X al
Bng Modal Participation Factors cha cc dng dao ng t 1 n 12, chu k dao ng
v chuyn v ca su bc t do.
i
TH Tr
BM
1.14. Phng php nhp ti vo tm khi lng

Cc phng php nhp ti trng khc (ti trng phn b u, khng u ln phn t
Frame, ti trng tp trung ti mt im hoc trn mt thanh) chng ti khng cp n
trong phn Etabs. Cc bn c th tham kho trong phn Sap2000.
Trong phn ny chng

ti hng dn cch nhp
ti trng vo tm cng.
Trc khi nhp ti trng
vo tm cng chng ta
phi khai bo v gn
Diaphragm cho cc tng
nh phn 1.7. Sau
D
nhn vo nt kha
b kha v vo menu
X
Define Static Load Case. Trong hp thoi Define Static Load Cases Name, chn loi
H
ti trng TKL, sau nhn nt Modify Lateral Load. Nhp ti trng theo phng X, Y v
n n
m men xon trong mt phng XY ln lt l FX, FY, MZ.

r io
Cch 1: nhn vo nt Apply at Center of Mass.
-T rs
g
Cch 2 : nhn vo nt User Specified Application Point.
D ve
M bng Center Mass Rigidity trong file Access xut t Etabs ra trong mc 1.12.
Copy phn tm khi lng v Paste vo ct ta X, Y trong hp thoi User Seismic
X al
Loading nh hnh v di.

i
TH Tr
BM
D
X
H
Lu :
+
n n
Trong file Access, ta tm khi lng c lu t tng 1 n tng 4. Cn hp

r io
thoi User Seismic Loading th ngc li, t tng 4 n tng 1.
-T rs
+
g
Loi ti trng no s nhp vo tm khi lng ? Bn c c th tm cu tr li
cc b mn kt cu cng trnh.
D ve
Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi.

X al
1.15. Nhp ti trng vo tm cng

i
Trong phn ny chng ti hng dn cch nhp ti trng vo tm cng. Trc khi nhp
TH Tr
ti trng vo tm cng chng ta phi khai bo v gn Diaphragm cho cc tng. Sau

Vo menu Define Static Load Case. Trong hp thoi Define Static Load Cases Name,
chn loi ti trng TC, sau nhn nt Modify Lateral Load.
Nhp ti trng theo phng X, Y, v m men xon trong mt phng XY ln lt l FX,
FY, MZ.
M bng Center
Mass Rigidity trong file
BM
Access xut t Etabs

ra trong mc 1.12. Copy
phn tm cng v Paste
vo ct ta XOrd,
YOrd trong hp thoi
User Wind Load nh
hnh v di y.
Lu :
+ Trong file Access, ta tm cng c lu t tng 1 n tng 4. Cn hp thoi
User Seismic Loading th ngc li, t tng 4 n tng 1.
+ Loi ti trng no s nhp vo tm cng? Bn c c th tm cu tr li cc b

mn kt cu cng trnh.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X al

i
1.16. T hp ti trng
TH Tr
Phn t hp ti trng ca Etabs tng t trong

phn hng dn s dng Sap2000, bn c tham
kho thm trong mc XXX trang XXX.
Vo menu Define Load Combinations, chng
ti nh ngha hai t hp ti trng nh sau:
BM
D
X
H
n n
1.17. Kim tra li s kt cu

r io
Trc khi chy m hnh ly kt qu ni lc bn c cn kim tra li s hnh hc v
s ti trng.
-T rs
g
D ve
1.17.1. Kim tra li s hnh hc

Bn c cn kim tra li:
X al
Tit din dm ct sn vch.

i
Cc diaphragm v cc lin kt ni t.
TH Tr
1.17.2. Kim tra li s ti trng

Bn c cn kim tra li tt c cc ti trng nhp vo s hnh hc bng cch:
Menu Display Show Load Joint/Point hin th ti trng tp trung ti nt hoc

ti trng tp trung trn thanh.
+ Lu : Ti trng tp trung ti tm khi lng (s dng chc nng Apply at
Center of Mass trong mc 1.14) ch hin th khi chy m hnh. V khi chy m
BM
hnh Etabs mi tnh ton c tm khi lng.
Menu Display Show Load Frame/Line hin th ti trng phn b trn thanh.
Menu Display Show Load Shell/Area hin th ti trng tc dng ln phn t
Area.
1.18. Chy chng trnh v quan st ni lc

chy chng trnh, bn c vo menu Analyze Run Analysis.
Xem kt qu ni lc:
Menu Show Show Deformed Shape: xem s kt cu b bin dng ca tng

trng hp ti trng hoc ca tng trng hp t hp ti trng.
Menu Show Show Mode Shape: xem tn s dao ng v s kt cu be bin
dng ca tng dng dao ng.
D
Menu Show Member Force/Stress Diagram Support/Spring Reactions: Xem phn
X
lc ti cc lin kt ni t
H
Menu Show Member Force/Stress Diagram Frame/Pier/Spandrel Forces: Xem ni
n n
lc ca cc phn t Frame, Pier, Spandrel.

r io
Menu Show Member Force/Stress Diagram Shell Stresses/Forces: Xem ng xut
-T rs
v ni lc ca phn t Area.
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
Lu :
Bn c cn phi kim tra li kt qu ni lc bng cch:
+ Quan st mt cch trc quan ni lc ca tng phn t. Tm ra nhng ch v l nu

c.
+ So snh phn lc ti chn ct m Etabs tnh ra vi kt qu phn lc m bn c
dn ti tnh ton s b bng tay. Nu hai kt qu chnh lch qu ln, bn c
cn kim tra li cc bc trn.
Kim tra li tn s dao ng so vi kt qu tnh s b.
Cn lu rng, tn s dao ng 1,2,3n trong Etabs khng tng ng vi tn s dao

ng c bn s 1,2,3 c cp n trong cc tiu chun thit k.
1.19. Khai bo bi ton thit k ct thp cho Frame

Khai bo tiu chun thit k trong menu Options Preference Concrete Frame
Design.
D
X
Tiu chun BS
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
Khai bo t hp ti trng s dng thit k ct thp trong menu Design Concrete

X al
Frame Design Select Design Combo. Design Combos l t hp s dng thit k,

trong v d ny chng ti chn TH1 v TH2.
i
TH Tr
BM
Kim tra li cc thng s v vt liu.

+ Vo menu Define Material properties Kim tra li vt liu b tng khai
bo. Cc mc trong phn Design Propertiy Data thay i theo tiu chun thit k.
Cc thng s trong tng mc cng thay i theo tiu chun thit k.
+ Cng chu nn ca b tng thay i theo tng tiu chun thit k, c tiu
chun yu cu cng b tng theo mu th nghim hnh lp phng (Cube), c
tiu chun yu cu nhp vo cng b tng theo mu th nghim hnh tr
(Cylinder) Cc thng s ny bn c c th tm thy trong cc tiu chun thit
k.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
Kim tra li cc thng s v lp bo v b tng cng nh kiu phn t (Beam, column)

X al
ca tng tit din Frame: Vo menu Define Frame Section Chn tit din
i
Modify/Show Property Reinforcement.

TH Tr
thc hin qu trnh tnh ton ct thp cho phn t Frame, bn c vo menu
Design Concrete Frame Design Start Design/Check of Structure.
quan st kt qu thit k ct thp, vo menu Design Concrete Frame Design
Display Design Info, sau chuyn n v hin hnh t Ton-m sang Ton-cm.
BM
+ i vi mi phn t dm, s pha trn l din tch thp lp trn ca dm, s pha
di l din tch thp lp di ca dm.
+ i vi phn t ct, Etabs tnh ton ra tng din tch ct thp ca ct .
Ch :
Sau khi chy bi ton thit k, nu phn t Frame khng hin ra din tch ct thp m
phn t Frame chuyn sang mu v hin ch O/S, th nhng thanh khng
kh nng chu lc:
+ Dng 1: OS #2: (Reinforcing required exceeds maximum allowed). Thp gia cng
yu cu vt qu gii hn cho php.
+ Dng 2: OS #45: (Shear stress due to shear force and torsion together exceeds
maximum allowed) ng sut ct gy ra lc ct v xon ng thi vt qu gii hn
cho php.
D
i vi trng hp thanh khng kh nng chu lc, chng ta phi thc hin t nht
mt trong cc phng php sau:
X
+ Tng din tch tit din.
H
+ Tng mc b tng.
n n

r io
+ Thay i thp t AII sang AIII.
-T rs
g
D ve
u dm khng
kh nng chu lc Ct khng kh
X al
nng chu lc
i
TH Tr
BM
2. Bi tp 2
Ch : Bi tp 1 chng ti hng dn mt cch kh chi tit, cc bi tp sau chng

ti ch hng dn bc lm.
Mc ch:
Cc phng php v vch cng.
Phng php kim tra kh nng chu lc ca vch cng.
D
Phng php xy dng m hnh cng trnh cao trn 4 tng.
X
Phng php to mt ct zic zc.
H
bi:
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
2.1. Thit lp h li
Chn n v Ton.m.
Vo menu File New Model Chn No trong hp thoi New Model Initiazation
Hp thoi Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition hin ln. Chng ta in
cc thng s nh sau:
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
Bm la chn Custom Grid Spacing v chn nt Edit Grid trong hp thoi Building
TH Tr
Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition.

Chnh li cc thng s v ng li trong hp thoi Define Grid Data nh sau:
BM
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
Nhn vo Custom Story Data v chn Edit Story Data trong hp thoi Building Plan
X al
Grid System and Story Data Definition.

i
Hp thoi Story Data hin ln, in hp thoi ny nh sau:

TH Tr
Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi Story Data.

BM
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
2.2. nh ngha tit din v vt liu

X al
2.2.1. nh ngha vt liu

i
Lm tng t nh bi tp 1.
TH Tr
Cc thng s ca b tng tra trong sch b tng. nh ngha b tng mc 300.

Thp chu lc chnh AIII, thp ai AII.
BM
2.2.2. Khai bo tit din

Khai bo cc tit din ct C30x50 v dm D22x35, D22x50.
Khai bo tit din sn (vo Add New Slab) b dy 0.12m: SLV (sn phng lm vic),
SHL (sn hnh lang), MAI (sn mi). Khai bo tit din theo chc nng lm vic ca
phng s thun tin hn cho qu trnh nhp ti vo sn (Menu Select Wall/Slab/Deck
sections).
khai bo tit din vch, bn c vo menu Define Wall/Slab/Deck Sections
D
chn Add New Wall. Nhp vo tn tit din l VACH v b dy vch l 0.2m.
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Trong qu trnh khai bo, bn c chn mu tit din sao cho d nhn, mi mu mt
tit din v mi tit din mt mu.
2.3. V s kt cu
Trong bi tp ny chng ti s hng dn bn c s dng chc nng Similar Stories
BM
v cng nh chnh sa kt cu. Chc nng ny ch c tc dng khi chng ta thao tc trn
mt bng.
Chn la chn Similar Stories . Khi chc nng

ny c chn, nu chng ta thao tc (v, chn) trn mt bng tng in hnh, th cc
tng tng t s c hiu chnh (v, chn) theo. Cc tng in hnh v tng tng t
c nh ngha trong hp thoi Edit Story Data phn 2.1
Chuyn Plan View xung tng 1 (trong bc 2.1, khi khai bo Story Data, chng ta
chn tng chnh (master story) l tng 1 (story 1)). Do vy chng ta chuyn Plan view
xung tng 1 thao tc:
+ Chuyn sang ca s Plan view nhn vo thanh cng c Plan .
+ Hp thoi Select Plan Level hin ln nh hnh bn, chn Story 1.
D
X
H
n n

r io
Chng ta v cc dm D22x35 nm ngang v cc
-T rs
g
dm D22x50 nm dc nh hnh bn.
D ve
Sau s dng chc nng v ct. Chnh

gc xoay (Angle) sang 90 v v.
X ali
TH Tr
BM
Hnh v trn th hin vic khng xoay ct v v

xoay ct 90 .
Bn c cng c th xoay ct bng cch mt gc
90 : Chn ct cn xoay. Vo menu Assign
Frame/Line Local Axes (Xem thm trong mc xoay
h trc ta a phng ca phn t Frame trong
chng 2). in gc 90 vo mc Rotate by Angle ca hp thoi Axis Orientation.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
thun tin cho vic v vch thang my, chng ta nh ngha thm li:
X al
+ Vo menu Edit Edit Grid Data

i
TH Tr
Edit Grid.
+ Chn Systems GLOBAL, sao
bm vo Modify/Show System.
Hp thoi Define Grid Data hin ln.

Nhn vo s th t 2 trong mc Y Grid Data,
vo menu Edit Insert Row. Cc thng s Bn im cn kch chut vo v vch
cho dng mi thm vo nh sau (Hin th li
BM
di dng ta Ordinate , khng phi

di dng khong cch gia cc li
Spaceing):
Li ph Li chnh
+ ng li va sinh ra t l trc 1. Ton 2.5m.
+ Kiu ng li l li ph (Scondary). Li ph l li s khng th hin tn

ng li. Chng ta khng th xem
mt ct qua ng li ny (tr khi
bn c nh ngha mt ct Zc Zc).
S dng chc nng v nhanh vch

v vch bng cch kch vo li trn mt
bng tng 1. (Bn chm en trn hnh v l
bn im kch chut vo). Lu chnh cc
D
thng s trong hp thoi Properties of
X
Object:
H
+ Type of Area: Pier.
+ Property: VACH
n n

r io
Chn vch pha hnh lang (mun chn c
-T rs
g
vch ta phi khoanh mt ch nht t di ln
trn ct qua vch cn chn). Vo menu Edit
D ve
Mesh Area. in vo hp thoi Mesh Selected

Areas nh hnh bn chia tm vch lm ba
X al
phn.
vch
i
Nhn vo Elev trong thanh cng c , b xa

TH Tr
sau chn Elevations l trc 2, chuyn sang

nhn mt ct cng trnh i qua trc 2.
BM
Xa tm vch gia nh hnh bn.
Chng ta li chuyn v mt bng tng 1. S

dng chc nng v vch i qua hai im .
Trong hp thoi Properties of Object:
+ Type of Area : Spandrel. + Depth above: 0.

+ Property: VACH. + Depth below: 1,2m
Sau tch vo hai im A v B nh hnh trn.
Ta c kt qu nh sau:
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Ch : t u n gi chng ta ang ch .
V Sn lm vic nh bi tp 1:
BM
D
X
H
n n

r io
Nguyn tc lm vic khi nhp ti cng nh gn tit din vch, sn v
-T rs
dm, ct nh sau:
g
D ve
+ Khai thao tc vi sn th tt hin th vch v ngc li

+ Khai thao tc vi ct th tt hin th dm v ngc li
X al
Phng php bt tt dm ct sn vch nh sau:

i
Kch vo biu tng Set Display View Options , sau chnh

TH Tr
Object Present in View nh hnh bn.
2.4. To lp h ta tr
Vo menu Edit Edit Grid Data Edit Grid Add New System.
Chn h ta Tr (Cylindrical). in cc thng s nh hnh bn.
BM
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
Sau bm vo nt Edit Grid. Chnh li ct Ordinate trong X Grid Data nh hnh
D ve
di.
Trong hp thoi Define Grid Data, bm vo nt Locate System Origin, hp thoi
X al
Locate System Origin hin ln, in cc thng tin vo hp thoi ny nh hnh trn.
i
Nhn OK thot khi tt c cc hp thoi. Ta c h li nh sau :

TH Tr
BM
Chng ta v sn v dm cho mt na phn li va thm vo nh hnh v di y:

D
X
Ly thng tin ta hai im A v B bng cch nhn phi chut vo 2 im .
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
S dng chc nng Mirror ly i xng: Chn tt c cc cu kin trn m hnh

(Ctrl+A) Vo menu Edit Replicate Mirror in cc thng s nh hi thoi sau:
+ X1, Y1 l ta im A.
+ X2, Y2 l ta im B.
BM
Ta c kt qu nh sau :
D
X
H
n n

Khao bi lin kt ngm vi t nh bi tp 1.
r io
Khai bo Diaphragm (TANG1, TANG2, TANG3, TANG4) nh bi tp 1. Lu : mi
-T rs
g
tng ch c gn mt Diaphragm v ngc li, mi Diaphragm ch c gn cho mt
D ve
tng.
2.5. nh ngha cc trng hp ti trng

X al
Chng ta tin hnh khai bo ba trng hp ti trng TT (tnh ti), HT (hot ti) v GioY
(gi thi theo phng Y) nh sau:
i
TH Tr
BM
Phng php khai bo nh bi tp 1. Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi.
2.6. Khai bo t hp ti trng

Chng ta khai bo hai t hp ti trng TH1 v TH2 nh hnh v di y:
D
X
H
2.7. Nhp ti trng
n n

r io
Chng ti nhc li cc bi tp ch l v d minh ha,
khng phi l cng trnh thc t.
-T rs
g
D ve
2.7.1. Tnh ti
Tnh ti 0,2 T/m2 tc dng ln tt c cc sn.
X al
Phng php nhp:

i
Vo menu Select by Wall/Slab/Deck

TH Tr
sections gi cht Ctrl v nhn chut vo MAI,

SHL, SLV.
Sau vo menu Assign Shell/Area Loads Uniform. Chn ti trng l tnh ti
(TT), Load = 0,2.
2.7.2. Hot ti
Hot ti 0,24 T/m2 tc dng ln tt c cc sn phng lm vic.
BM
Hot ti 0,36 T/m2 tc dng ln tt c

cc sn hnh lang.
Hot ti 0,075 T/m2 tc dng ln tt

c cc sn mi.
Phng php nhp ti trng:
Vo menu Select by
Wall/Slab/Deck sections Chn SLV.
Sau vo menu Assign Shell/Area Loads Uniform. Chn ti trng l hot ti

(HT), Load = 0,24 nh hp thoi trn.
Lm tng t cho cc sn hnh lang, sn mi.
2.7.3. Ti trng gi theo phng Y

Ti trng gi theo phng Y, tc dng ln tt c dm bin cc tng, mt lc phn b u
1,1 T/m. Phng php nhp nh sau :
S dng chc nng chnh sa trn ton b cc tng (la chn All Stories
D
).
X
Chuyn sang ca s nhn trn mt bng kt cu tng 1 (Plan View).
H
n n
Kch vo biu tng Set Display View Options , sau b chn

trong Object Present in View n tt c cc ct.
r io
Chn cc dm bin mp trn v di ca cng trnh. Sau vo menu Assign
-T rs
g
Frame/Line Loads Distributed :
D ve
+ Load Case Name: GIOY

+ Direction: Global-Y
X al
+ Load: 1,1T/m
i
TH Tr
BM
2.8. Khai bo t ng chia nh sn v dm

Xem bi tp 1.
2.9. Hp nht cc im qu gn nhau

Mc ch: Nu c cc im qu gn nhau, chc nng ny s ghp cc im thnh mt
im. Nu b qua bc ny, c th vic kim tra m hnh trc khi chy (Check Model) s
bo li.
Phng php:
Chn tt c cng trnh (Ctrl+A).

Vo menu Edit Merge Points. Hp thoi Merge
Selected Points hin ln, chng ta in khong cch ln
D
nht gia cc im cn hp nht vo. Trong bi ny, tc
gi khong cch ln nht bng 0.01m.
X
2.10. Kim tra m hnh
H
n n
Vo menu Analyze Chek model nh bi tp 1, chnh sa li nu c.

r io
2.11. t tn vch
-T rs
2.11.1. t tn cho Pier g

D ve
Chng ta c hai vch thang my, t tn cho Pier ca mi vch l P1 v

P2. Cch t tn nh sau :
X al
Chn tt c vch thang my th nht (t tng 1 n 4) tr cc thanh

i
ging ngang (Spandrel).

TH Tr
Vo menu Assign Shell/Area Pier Label. Sau chn P1 v

nhn OK.
Tng t ta lm cho vch thang my th hai vi tn l P2.
thun tin cho vic chn vch, chng ta n ht dm ct sn trong

khung nhn: Kch vo biu tng Set Display View Options , sau
b chn tt c trong Object Present in View tr Wall .
BM
2.11.2. t tn cho Spandrel

Chng ta c hai vch thang my, t tn cho Spandrel ca mi vch l
S1 v S2. Cch t tn nh sau :
Chn tt c cc thanh ging ngang (Spandrel) (t tng 1 n 4) ca
vch thang my th nht.
Vo menu Assign Shell/Area Spandrel Label. Sau chn S1 v nhn OK.

Tng t ta lm cho Spandrel ca vch thang my th hai vi tn l S2.
2.12. nh ngha tit din vch

Vo menu Design Shear Wall Design Define Pier Sections for Checking
Add Pier Section. Chng ta nh ngha tit din vch tn l VACH1, cc thng s nh
hp thoi Pier Section Data di. Sau bm vo nt Section Designer, chng trnh
CSISD hin ln.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X al
Chng ta nhn phi chut vo cc thanh

i
TH Tr
thp gc khai bo thp gc, nhn phi

chut vo thanh thp phn b u trn bin
vch chnh ng knh cng nh khong
cch gia chng ( hiu r hn, mi c gi
xem thm chng 4, phn Section Designer).
Sau nhn nt Done gc di ca chng
trnh CSISD ghi li v thot khi chng trnh.
BM
Lm tng t, chng ta nh ngha tit din VACH2

cho vch th hai.
Trong chng trnh CSISD thiu mt mt s ng
knh thp. Chng ta c th nh ngha thm bng cch
vo menu Options Preferences
Reinforcement Bar Sizes (Xem thm mc 1.3.4.1
trong chng 4).
2.13. Gn tit din vch

Chn Vch th nht, vo menu Design Shear Wall Design Assign Pier
Sections for Checking General Reinforcing Pier Section. Chn tit din VACH1
cho pha bn trn v di.
Tng t, ta gn tit din VACH2 cho vch th 2.
2.14. Khai bo tiu chun thit k vch

Vo menu Options Preferences Shear Wall Design.
+ Design Code: Chn tiu chun thit k BS8110
D
89.
X
+ Rebar Units: cm2.
H
+ Rebar/Length Units: cm2/m.
n n

r io
2.15. Thc hin bi ton kim tra vch
-T rs
g
Vo menu Analyze Run Analysis chy m hnh.
D ve
Khai bo t hp ti trng dng thit k: Design Shear Wall Design Select

Design Combo. Chng ta chn t hp ti trng
TH1 v TH2 thit k ct thp cho vch.
X al
Vo menu Design Shear Wall Design

i
Start Design/Check of Structure thc hin

TH Tr
bi ton kim tra v thit k kt cu vch.
2.16. c kt qu tnh ton

Sau khi chy xong chng ta phng to tng vch,
s nhn thy t s R=xxx. Nu R>100% th vch
khng kh nng chu lc.
Chng ta c th bm phi chut vo tng Pier v Spandrel

BM
xem cc thng tin chi tit.

Bi ton thit k
Kt qu thit k chng
li m men xon M3
Kt qu thit k
D
chng li lc ct V2
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g Bi ton kim tra

D ve
D/C=Demand/Capacity
=Yu cu/ KH nng chu lc
X al
Thp gia cng chng li lc ct

i
TH Tr
4.262 cm2/m di.
2.17. Ph lc
2.17.1. Nng nh ln 8 tng

T bi tp 1 n gi chng ta v m hnh nh cao 4 tng. Trong mc ny, chng ti s
hng dn bn c xy dng m hnh nh cao hn 4 tng.
BM
Trc tin, c th chnh sa m hnh, bn c m kha bng cch nhn vo biu

tng hnh ci kha .
Vo menu Edit Edit Story Data Insert Story.

+ Story Height: chiu cao tng (3,6m)
+ Number of Stories: s tng s thm vo (4)
+ Insert Above Level: 4 tng s thm vo bn trn tng 3 (Story 3).

+ Replicate New Story From Existing Story (Story 3): Cc tng mi s c sao
chp t tng 3 c sn.
D
X
H
n n

r io
Lu : Trong mc Insert Above Level
-T rs
g
ca hp thoi Insert New Story, chng ta khng nn in tng trn cng vo mc ny (v
D ve
d: trong bi ny l Story4). Nu mc Insert Above Level l tng trn cng, th s

khng c li trn cc tng mi thm vo. Chng ta c cch khc phc li ny, tuy
nhin vic khc phc rt phc tp v di dng.
X al
Sau , chng ta vo menu Edit Edit Story Data Edit Story chnh li tn cc
i
TH Tr
tng.
BM
Lu : hon thin vic nng tng, bn c phi khai bo thm cc diaphram, cc

ti trng, khai bo li tn vch, gn li tit din vch
2.17.2. To mt ct zic zc
Bn c bit cch xem mt ct cng trnh qua cc li chnh v xem mt bng cng
trnh qua cc tng. Mc ny chng ti gii thiu cch xem mt ct ca cng trnh khng
qua cc li chnh.
Vo menu Draw Draw Developed Elevation Definition Hp thoi Elevation
Views hin ln.
+ nh vo Developed Elevations tn mt ct
D
mi cn to (MATCAT1).
X
+ Sau bm vo nt Add New Name Bm
nt OK.
H
+
n n
Ca s hin hnh s chuyn sang mt bng,

r io
sau chng ta nhn vo mt lot cc im
to ra mt ct. V d nh cc im A 1 , A 2 ,
-T rs
g
n A 15 trn hnh di y:
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
A4 A5 A6
A7
A8
D
A9
X
A10
A11
H
A1 A2
n nA3

r io
A12
-T rs
g A13
D ve
A14
X al
A15
i
TH Tr
xem mt ct va nh ngha. Bm vo thanh cng c , sao chn MATCAT1.

BM
144
BM
TH Tr
X ali
D ve
-T rs
r io
n n
g

H
X
D
3. Bi tp 3
Bi tp 3 chnh l bi tp 2, nhng chng ti gii thiu mt phng php lp m hnh khc.
Mc ch:
Lp m hnh trong Etabs vi s tr gip ca AutoCAD.
Thao tc vi cc chc nng nng cao ca Etabs.
3.1. Lp mt bng kt cu trong AutoCAD
D
3.1.1. To cc layer
Mi layer s cha mt tit din. Nh vy chng ta c layer:
X
Dam 22x35 Cot 30x50
H
Dam 22x50
n n Vach

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Lu : chng ta c th nhp sn t AutoCAD vo Etabs, nhng vic nhp ny mt

nhiu thi gian hn so vi vic v sn trc tip trong Etabs. Do vy chng ti khng to ra
layer cc sn.
3.1.2. V mt bng dm
Chng ta tin hnh v mt bng dm.
Dm tit din D22x50 chng ta cho vo Layer Dam 22x50
BM
Dm tit din D22x35 chng ta cho vo Layer Dam 22x35

Mt bng dm D22x35 Mt bng dm D22x50
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g Mt bng dm
D ve
Ch :
+ Chng ta ch s dng lnh Line v mt bng dm, ct, li.
X al
+ Mi on dm cong chng ta chia lm 3 on thng.

i
TH Tr
3.1.3. V mt bng li.

Nguyn tc v mt bng li:
Mi mt ng li l mt ng line.
Chiu di mi li trong Etabs s bng chiu di ng Line .
Trong bi ny chng ti to ra cc ng li
BM
nh hnh bn. Mi mt ng li l mt ng
Line. V d t A n B l mt ng Line. T A
n C cng l mt ng Line.
3.1.4. V mt bng ct
V mt Block, t tn l Cot, c dng . Chn
Block ny vo cc v tr thch hp vi gc xoay thch hp.
Mt bng kt cu dm ct
D
3.1.5. V mt bng vch
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X al
Mt bng KC dm ct vch Cc on Line: AB-BC-

i
CD-DN-NM-MA
TH Tr
Nguyn tc v vch
Mi mt ng line s to thnh mt vch. Phi

chia vch thnh nhiu vch nh ti cc giao im ca
vch.
V d nh hnh bn: Vch phi c chia lm cc
on sau AB BC CD DE EF FG GH HA BE. Trong v
BM
d ny HG l on ca ra vo vch thang my.

Lu : on AC khng c v l mt on Line
m phi v lm 2 on AB v BC.
Mt cch t nh cc bc trn, nu
cng trnh ca chng ta c nhiu mt bng
kt cu (MBKC) in hnh, th chng ta v
nhiu bn v. bi ny, chng ti ch c
mt MBKC in hnh.
3.1.6. Xut mt bng kt cu ra file mi
Mi mt mt bng cng trnh phi ghi ra
D
mt file di dng file .dxf. Mt bng li
X
cng phi ghi ra mt file ring di dng
.dxf
H
n n
Chng ta dng lnh Wblock (lnh tt l

r io
W) xut mi MBKC in hnh ra mt
-T rs
file. Chng ta cng xut mt bng li ra
g
mt file ring. Nh vy trong bi ny chng ta s c hai file (MBKC v mt bng li).
D ve
M cc file va xut ra. Chn mt im l gc ta trong Etabs. V d chng ti

chn im G nh hnh v, im ny chn ty theo thch ca bn c, khng bt buc
X al
phi trng vo v tr m chng ti chn.

i
Dng lnh Move (lnh tt l M), chuyn im G trong

TH Tr
tt c cc file trn v gc ta (0,0,0).
Ch : khi dng AutoCAD 2007, 2008, 2009. Mc

nh khi ta nh ta vo dng lnh Command,
AutoCAD hiu l ta tng i. Mun sa li, chng
ta dng lnh OS (lnh y l OSNAP), sau chn
mc Dynamic Input, chn Setting trong Pointer Input.
+ Chnh v Catesian format.
BM
+ Chnh v Absolute coordinates.

Sau , i vi tng bn v, vo menu File Save As chn kiu file l AutoCAD
2004/LT2004 DXF(*.dxf). Nhn OK.
3.2. Nhp m hnh t AutoCAD v Etabs
D
3.2.1. Nhp mt bng li
Khi ng Etabs Chn n v Ton-mm Menu File Import DXF File of
X
Architectural Grid Chn No trong hp thoi k tip Sau chn file mt bng li.
H
Hp thoi DXF Import hin ln nh hnh di.
n n

r io
+ Trong phn DXF File Units, chng ta in l Ton-mm nu trong AutoCAD chng ta
v n v l mm. Ngc li, nu trong AutoCAD chng ta v n v l m, th mc
-T rs
g
ny chn n v l Ton-m.
D ve
+ Select Layers for Grids: chng ta chn layer Luoi.

+ Global Up Direction: chn l trc Z.
X al
+ Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi.

i
TH Tr
BM
D
X
H
Chnh sa li:
n n

r io
Nhn phi chut vo tng ng li
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Nhn vo nt Modify/Show Grid Line chnh sa.

BM
D
X
H
+
n n
Primary Line: li chnh, li chnh th s c tn ng li (tn trc), chng ta c

r io
th xem mt bng ct kt cu qua li chnh.
-T rs
+
g
Secondary Line: li ph, li ph ch c ng li, khng c hai c trng nu
trn ca li chnh.
D ve
+ Switch Bubble Location: o chiu tn trc.

X al
Bn c t chnh sa c c ng li nh sau:
i
TH Tr
BM
3.2.2. nh ngha tit din, vt liu

nh ngha vt liu v tit din nh bi tp 2.
3.2.3. Nhp mt bng dm ct

Phng php nhp mt bng dm i mt MBKC in hnh:
Vo menu File Import DFX Floor Plan. Chn file MBKC. Chn cc thng s
trn hp thoi DXF Import nh di y.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X al
Vo menu File Import DFX Floor Plan. Chn file MBKC trn. Chn cc thng
i
s trn hp thoi DXF Import nh di y.

TH Tr
BM
D
X
Nu chng ta c nhiu MBKC in hnh, chng ta lm ln lt cc bc trn cho cc
H
MBKC cn li.
n n

r io
3.2.4. Nhp mt bng vch v v vch
Phng php nhp mt bng vch:
-T rs
g
Chng ta khai bo tit din Frame bt k, ly tn l VACH.
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
Vo menu Select Frame Sections Chn tit din VACH Nhn OK thot
khi hp thoi.
Vo menu View Show Selection Only. Chuyn ca s nhn mt bng xung tng
1 (Story 1).
Kch vo biu tng Set Display View Options , sau chnh View by Color of
Sections, chnh Special Effects l Object Edge v Extrusion. Nhn OK thot khi
hp thoi.
Khai bo tit din vch:
Vic khai bo tit din vch chng ta lm nh bi tp 2.

V vch:
Chng ta li chuyn v mt bng
D
tng 1. S dng chc nng v vch
X
i qua hai im . Chnh trong hp
thoi Properties of Object :
H
+
n n
Type of Area : Pier.

r io
+ Property: VACH.
D
-T rs
E
DE v FA.
g
Sau , v cc vch AB, BC, CD,
F
D ve
A
S dng chc nng v vch i C
qua hai im . Chnh trong hp
X al
thoi Properties of Object : B

i
TH Tr
+ Type of Area : Spandrel.

+ Property: VACH.
+ Depth above: 0
+ Depth below: 1200mm
Sau , v vch FE. Ta c kt qu nh hnh bn.
Lm tng t cho vch cn li.

BM
Sau chng ta vo menu Select Frame Sections Chn tit din VACH
Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi Bm nt Del trn bn phm xa cc dm c tit
din l VACH.
Nh vy, cc dm c tit din l vch ch dng lm bc trung gian cho qu trnh v

vch. Mc ch ca cc dm ny l to ra cc im ph, khi v vch chng ta s s dng
ch bt im ca Etabs bt qua cc im ny.
Cc bc cn li nh nh ngha tit din sn, khai bo ti trng, khai bo lin kt ni t,

Chnh li chiu cao cc tng (Menu Edit Edit Story Data Edit Story), khai bo sn
tuyt i cng, c gi lm tng t nh bi tp 2.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
4. Bi tp 4
Mc ch:
S dng chc nng Section Designer.
V ct nh cng nghip bng thp bng cch s dng cc chc nng Insertion Point.
bi
S mt bng:
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
S mt ng:
14.80
2200
12.60
6300
5000
8.50
BM
8500
8400
+0.00
-
800
27000
A B
18 140 92 630 240
10
18 232 232 18
20
160
380
360
320
320
12
160
464
20
250 750
10
500
D
Tit din ct di Tit din ct trn
X
S liu:
+ S liu hnh hc: Nhp 27m, bc ct 6m. Cc kch thc mt ng nh hnh v.
H
+ Vt liu: thp CI.
n n

r io
4.1. Thit lp h li
-T rs
Chn n v Ton.m. g
D ve
Vo menu File New Model Chn No trong hp thoi New Model Initiazation
Trong hp thoi Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition, in cc thng s
X al
nh hnh di y.
i
TH Tr
BM
Sau bm la chn Custom Grid Spacing v chn nt Edit Grid.

D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X al
Nhn vo Custom Story Data v chn Edit Story Data trong hp thoi Building Plan
i
TH Tr
Grid System and Story Data Definition. in cc thng s nh sau:
Nhn OK thot khi hp thoi Story Data.

BM
Ta c kt qu nh sau:
D
X
H
n n

r io
4.2. nh ngha tit din v vt liu
-T rs
4.2.1. nh ngha vt liu
g
Lm tng t nh cc bi tp trc. Chng ta nh ngha vt liu thp CI nh sau:
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
4.2.2. Khai bo tit din
4.2.2.1. Tit din ct di

Vo menu Define Frame Sections. Trong hp thoi Define Frame Properties chn
Add SD Section. Ch SD vit tt ca Section Designer.
D
X
in tn tit din l COTDUOI, loi vt liu l THEPC1.
H
Sau bm vo nt Section Designer. Chng chnh
CSISD hin ln.
n n

r io
Vo menu Draw Draw Structural Shape I/Wide
-T rs
g
Flange. Sau t vo v tr bt k trn ca s chng
trnh CSISD. Nhn phi chut vo tit din ch I va v, chnh li cc thng s nh trong
D ve
hp thoi Shape Properties I/Wide Flange di y.

Vo menu Draw Draw Structural Shape Angle. Sau t vo v tr bt k trn
X al
ca s chng trnh CSISD. Nhn phi chut vo tit din ch I va v, chnh li cc

i
thng s nh trong hp thoi Shape Properties Angle di y.

TH Tr
Vo menu Draw Draw Structural Shape Angle. Sau t vo v tr bt k trn

thng s nh trong hp thoi Shape Properties Angle (lu gc quay Rotation l 270
).
Vo menu Draw Draw Solid Shape Rectangle. Sau t vo v tr bt k trn

thng s nh trong hp thoi Shape Properties Solid di y.
BM
D
Ta c kt qu nh sau:
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X al
Nhn nt Done di gc di phi chng trnh CSISD thot khi chng trnh.
i
Nhn OK thot khi tt c cc hp thoi.

TH Tr
4.2.2.2. Tit din ct trn

Add SD Section.
in tn tit din l COTTREN, loi vt liu l THEPC1.
Sau bm vo nt Section Designer. Chng chnh CSISD hin ln.

BM
Vo menu Draw Draw Structural Shape I/Wide Flange. Sau t vo v tr

bt k trn ca s chng trnh CSISD. Nhn phi chut vo tit din ch I va v, chnh
li cc thng s nh trong hp thoi Shape Properties I/Wide Flange.
Ta c kt qu nh sau:
D
X
4.2.2.3. Tit din dm cu trc
H
Add SD Section.
n n

r io
in tn tit din l DAMCAUTRUC, loi vt liu l THEPC1.
-T rs
Sau bm vo
gnt Section
D ve
Designer.
Vo menu Draw Draw Structural
Shape I/Wide Flange. Sau t vo
X al
v tr bt k trn ca s chng trnh

i
CSISD. Thuc tnh ca thp ch I lm dm

TH Tr
cu trc nh trong hp thoi Shape

Properties I/Wide Flange.
4.2.2.4. Tit din cnh di 1

Add SD Section.
in tn tit din l CANHDUOI1, loi vt liu l THEPC1.
BM
Sau bm vo nt Section Designer.

Vo menu Draw Draw Structural Shape Double Angle. Sau t vo v tr
bt k trn ca s chng trnh CSISD. Thuc tnh ca thp ch I lm dm cu trc nh
trong hp thoi Shape Properties Double Angle.
D
4.2.2.5. Tit din cnh di 2
X
Lm tng t nh cc bc trn. Cc thng tin tit din nh sau:
H
Tn tit din: CANHDUOI2. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
4.2.2.6. Tit din cnh trn 1

Tn tit din: CANHTREN1. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:
BM
4.2.2.7. Tit din cnh trn 2

Tn tit din: CANHTREN2. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:
D
X
4.2.2.8. Tit din thanh bng 1
H
Tn tit din: BUNG1. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr

BM

D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
4.2.2.12. Tit din thanh ging

Tn tit din: CONTREFICHE. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:
BM
4.2.2.13. Tit din thanh ng 1

Tn tit din: DUNG1. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:
D
X
4.2.2.14. Tit din thanh ng 2
H
Tn tit din: DUNG2. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
4.2.2.15. Tit din ging cnh di

Tn tit din: GIANGCANHDUOI. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:
BM
4.2.2.16. Tit din ging cnh trn

Tn tit din: GIANGCANHTREN. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:
D
X
H
4.2.2.17. Tit din ging ng
n n
Tn tit din: GIANGDUNG. Vt liu: THEPC1. Thng tin hnh hc:

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
4.3. V m hnh
4.3.1. V mt ct qua trc 1

Nhn vo thanh cng c ,
chuyn sang mt ct 1.
BM
Dng thanh cng c v hai

ct sau:
Tit din
COTTREN
Tit din
COTDUOI
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X al
Quan st mt ct hai ct va v. Nu hng ca ct khng ng, bn c c th xoay

i
TH Tr
ct. Phng php xoay ct nh sau:

+ Chn ct cn xoay, vo menu Assign
Frame/Line Local Axes.
+ Nu bn c cn xoay ct i mt gc 90 th
in vo hp thoi Axis Orientation nh hnh
bn.
Chn im H (xem hnh v di), sau vo menu
BM
Edit Extrude Points to Lines Hp thoi Extrude Points to Line hin ln. in vo
hp thoi nh hnh di y (n v hin hnh l m th
in dz=2.2, cn nu n v
ang l mm th in dz=2200),
chng ta s c mt on ct
cao 2,2m.
H
Gn tit din cho on ct va sinh ra. Xoay ct nu cn thit.
Tip theo ta v cc Frame khc nh hnh v di. Bn c nn v mt na dn sau

dng chc nng Mirror trong Replicate ca menu Edit.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
170
BM
TH Tr
X ali
D ve
-T rs
r io
n n
g

H
X
D
4.3.2. Hiu chnh li ct di
4.3.2.1. Tnh ton khong cch dch chuyn

mp ngoi ca ct trn v ct di trng nhau. Ta tnh ton khong cch ct di cn
phi dch chuyn so vi ct trn.
tit din COTDUOI nh ngha. Sau nhn vo nt Modify/Show Property xem
thng tin v tit din ny. Hp thoi SD Section DATA hin ln, nhn vo nt Section
Designer.
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
Ch chut vo mp ngoi ca tit din nh hnh v trn, ta gi im ny l im A.

Quan st ta X A = 0.4.
Sau , tt chng trnh CSISD v nhn OK trong hp thoi SD Section DATA.
Lm tng t i vi tit din COTTREN.
BM
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
Ch chut vo mp ngoi ca tit din nh hnh v trn, ta gi im ny l im B.
Quan st ta X B = 0.25.
D ve
on AB l khong cch cn dch chuyn ca ct di.

X al
AB = 0.4 ( 0.25 ) = 0.15.

i
4.3.2.2. Phng php dch chuyn ct di

TH Tr
Chuyn ca s nhn qua mt ct trc 1. Chn ct di

cn dch chuyn vo menu Assign Frame/Line
Insertion Point in vo hp thoi Frame Insertion Point
nh hnh bn.
Trong hp thoi ny, chng b ch Do not transform

frame stiffness for offsets from centroid
BM
Chi tit v hp thoi, mi bn c tham kho mc 3.1

trong chng 2.
Sau khi dch chuyn chng ta c kt qu nh sau:
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X al
4.3.3. V dm cu trc
V dm cu trc t trc 1 n trc 2 nh hnh bn.
i
TH Tr
Chn dm cu trc va v, vo menu Assign

Frame/Line Insertion Point in vo hp thoi Frame
Insertion Point nh hnh bn.
BM
Sang ch 3D View, nhn hnh v t xa v cng.
+ Vo menu View Set 3D View.

+ in vo hp thoi nh hnh di:
D
X
H
n n

r io
Ta c kt qu nh sau:
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
4.3.4. V cc thanh ging ngang
Cc thanh tit din GIANGDUNG Cc thanh tit din GIANGCANHDUOI
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM
Khuyn co: bn c nn v hai khung, sau dng chc nng Replicate nhn bn
cc khung cn li.
Cc thanh tit din

GIANGCANHDUOI
D
X
H
n n

r io
-T rs
g
D ve
X ali
TH Tr
BM

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1

ng Gii Phng, H Ni, www.nuce.edu.vn

Doctorant EDF/ Universit Paris-Est :

EDF R&D, Dpartement MMC, Site des Renardires.

Adresse : Avenue des Renardires Ecuelles, F-

NG DNG ETABS TRONG TNH

Tng con trai ngoan du yu

Chng 1: Tng Quan v Etabs ............................... 12

3. Cc loi lin kt ....................................................................................................... 15

3.2.2. Phng php khai bo lin kt Spring......................................................... 16

3.3. Lin kt Constraints .......................................................................................... 17

4.1. Tng quan v vt liu ........................................................................................ 18

4.2. H trc ta a phng ................................................................................. 19

5. Ti trng v t hp ti trng ..................................................................................... 21

5.1. Ti trng ............................................................................................................ 21

5.2. T hp ti trng ................................................................................................. 22

5.2.3. Cch khai bo............................................................................................. 23

1. Tng quan v phn t thanh .................................................................................... 28

1.1. Phn t thanh (Frame Element) ........................................................................ 28

1.1.1. Khi nim ................................................................................................... 28

1.1.2. ng dng .................................................................................................... 28

1.2.1. Khi nim ................................................................................................... 28

1.3. Bc t do (Degree of Freedom) ......................................................................... 30

2.1. Khai bo tit din .............................................................................................. 30

2.4. Thay i thng s tit din ................................................................................ 33

2.4.1. Thng s hnh hc v c hc ca tit din .................................................. 33

3.1. im chn (Insertion point) ............................................................................... 36

4. T ng chia nh phn t (Automatic Frame Subdivide).......................................... 41

4.2. Phng php khai bo ...................................................................................... 41

1.1.2. Thickness Formulation (Thick Thin) ......................................................... 44

1.3. Tit din ............................................................................................................ 48

1.4. Bc t do (Degree of Freedom) ......................................................................... 48

2.2.3. Hin th h ta a phng ..................................................................... 54

2.3.1. t tn phn t Pier v Spandrel ................................................................ 55

2.3.2. nh ngha tit din Pier.............................................................................. 56

2.5. Kt qu thit k vch ......................................................................................... 58

3. Chia nh phn t (Area Mesh Options) .................................................................... 58

1. Section Designer ..................................................................................................... 62

1.1. Tng quan ......................................................................................................... 62

1.2.2. Hp thoi Pier Section Data........................................................................ 63

1.4.1. Mc ch ca Section Properties................................................................. 69

2.3. Hp thoi Define Grid Data ............................................................................... 75

3. Ti trng (Load) ....................................................................................................... 78

4. cc phng php chn phn t ................................................................................ 81

4.1. Chn phn t trn mt bng .............................................................................. 81

4.3. S dng thanh cng c ..................................................................................... 82

4.4. S dng chc nng trong menu Select.............................................................. 82

Chng 5: Bi tp thc hnh ................................... 86

1.1. Lp h li. ....................................................................................................... 86

1.5. Gn lin kt ni t. ........................................................................................ 107

1.6. Phng php v sn nh ra ............................................................................ 107

1.7. Gn sn tuyt i cng ................................................................................... 108

1.7.1. nh ngha cc Diaphragms ...................................................................... 108

1.8. nh ngha cc trng hp ti trng ................................................................. 108

1.10.1. T ng chia nh dm ............................................................................ 109

1.11.1. V d 1 .................................................................................................... 111

1.11.4. V d 4 .................................................................................................... 112

1.12. Chy m hnh ................................................................................................ 112

1.15. Nhp ti trng vo tm cng ......................................................................... 115

2.2. nh ngha tit din v vt liu......................................................................... 125

2.2.2. Khai bo tit din ...................................................................................... 126

2.3. V s kt cu ............................................................................................. 126

2.6. Khai bo t hp ti trng ................................................................................. 134