Methods Comparison

t = y (analytical) y(euler) y(heun's) y(midpoint)

0.5 1.570000 0.999203 1 1 1
0.6 1.884000 1.183929 1.314499795 1.1882163376
0.7 2.198000 1.040310 1.317514799 1.0268645951
0.8 2.512000 0.626933 0.884451942 0.5891591592
0.9 2.826000 0.187914 0.1861063 0.1676238098
3.140000 0.000005 -0.162461746 0.1252191223

Analytical Euler
Eulervs.
vs.Analytical
Analytical Heun's vs.
1.400000 1.500000
1.500000 1.400000
1.200000 1.200000
1.000000 1.000000
1.000000 1.000000
0.800000 0.800000
0.600000 0.500000
0.500000 0.600000
0.400000 0.400000
0.200000 0.000000
0.000000 0.200000
0.000000 1.000000
1.000000 2.000000
2.000000 3.000000
3.000000 4.000000
4.000000 0.000000
1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000 -0.500000
-0.500000 1.000000 2.000000

Midpoint vs. Analytical RK-Heun's vs. Analytical

1.400000 1.400000
1.200000 1.200000
1.000000 1.000000
0.800000 0.800000
0.600000 0.600000
0.400000 0.400000
0.200000 0.200000
0.000000 0.000000
1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000 1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000

RK-Heun's vs. RK-Midpoint RK-Heun's vs. RK-Ralston's RK-Midpoin

1.4 1.5 1.5
1.2 1 1
1
0.5 0.5
0.8
0.6 0 0
0.4 1.0000001.5000002.0000002.5000003.0000003.500000 1.000000 2.00000
-0.5 -0.5
0.2
0 -1 -1
1.0000001.5000002.0000002.5000003.0000003.500000

Euler vs. Analytical

1.400000
1.200000
1.000000
0.800000
0.600000
0.400000
0.200000
0.000000
1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000
1.400000
1.200000
1.000000
0.800000
0.600000
0.400000
0.200000
0.000000
1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000
 y(RK-Heun's) y(RK-Midpoint) y(RK-Ralston's) y(C4ORK)
1 1 1 1
1.1587573997 1.1882163376 0.9399896958 1.184547
0.9878089415 1.0268645951 0.5984476795 1.040457
0.5745686018 0.5891591592 0.2227488586 0.626297
0.2257895192 0.1676238098 0.1001295504 0.192693
- 0.1252191223 -0.4284819831 -

Heun's vs. Analytical Euler vs. Heun's

1.400000 1.5
1.200000
1.000000 1
0.800000
0.600000 0.5
0.400000
0.200000 0
1.0000001.5000002.0000002.5000003.0000003.500000
0.000000
1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000 -0.5

RK-Midpoint vs. Analytical RK-Ralston's vs. Analytical

1.400000 1.500000
1.200000 1.000000
1.000000
0.800000 0.500000
0.600000
0.000000
0.400000 1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000
0.200000 -0.500000
0.000000
1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000 -1.000000

RK-Midpoint vs. RK-Ralston RK-Heun's vs. RK-Ralston

1.5
1.5
1
1
0.5
0.5
0
1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000 0
-0.5 1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 4.000000
-0.5
-1
-1
Analytical Method
t = y (analytical)
0.5 1.570000 0.999203
0.6 1.884000 1.183929
0.7 2.198000 1.040310
0.8 2.512000 0.626933
0.9 2.826000 0.187914
3.140000 0.000005
Euler Method
t = y (analytical) y(Euler)
1 0.5 1.570000 0.999203 1
2 0.6 1.884000 1.183929 1.314500
3 0.7 2.198000 1.040310 1.317515
4 0.8 2.512000 0.626933 0.884452
5 0.9 2.826000 0.187914 0.186106
6 3.140000 0.000005 -0.162462
 %error
0.0796960342
9.933146469
21.0399516168
29.116202106
0.9711154409
100.0031226326
Heun's Method
t = yi f(ti, yi)
1 0.5 1.570000 1.000000
2 0.6 1.884000
3 0.7 2.198000
4 0.8 2.512000
5 0.9 2.826000
6 3.140000

0
Midpoint Method

t = y(i+1/2) y'(i+1/2) yi
0.5 1.570000 1
1.727 1.1572498973 0.5994150879
0.6 1.884000 1.1882163376
2.041 1.202566003 -0.5138590527
0.7 2.198000 1.0268645951
2.355 0.8764851338 -1.3939663563
0.8 2.512000 0.5891591592
2.669 0.3672657849 -1.3424692655
0.9 2.826000 0.1676238098
2.983 0.0111143977 -0.1350467754
3.140000 0.1252191223
Heun's Method (w/out Iteration) (a2 = 1/2) a1 = 1/2
p1=q1=1

t = yi K1 K2
0.5 1.570000 1 1.0015917027 0.0096019259
0.6 1.884000 1.1587573997 0.1104804949 -1.199324178
0.7 2.198000 0.9878089415 -0.9012127205 -1.7308913536
0.8 2.512000 0.5745686018 -1.3732766626 -0.8482461568
0.9 2.826000 0.2257895192 -1.3531679886 250.029337402
3.140000 39.267948117 -49311.306824 -95636.259402

Midpoint Method (a2=1) a1 = 0

p1=q1=1/2

t = yi K1 K2
0.5 1.570000 1 1.0015917027 0.5994150879
0.6 1.884000 1.1882163376 0.0913991426 -0.5138590527
0.7 2.198000 1.0268645951 -0.9578309638 -1.3939663563
0.8 2.512000 0.5891591592 -1.4133335938 -1.3424692655
0.9 2.826000 0.1676238098 -0.9968752364 -0.1350467754
3.140000 0.1252191223 -157.24576549 -313.55784381

Ralston's Method (a2=2/3) a1 = 1/3

p1=q1=3/2

t = yi K1 K2
0.5 1.570000 1 1.0015917027 -0.7874692793
0.6 1.884000 0.9399896958 0.2521822641 -1.7576612736
0.7 2.198000 0.5984476795 -0.3367630539 -1.6263580631
0.8 2.512000 0.2227488586 -0.4073903747 -0.3820658392
0.9 2.826000 0.1001295504 -0.5834406597 -2.2334940023
3.140000 -0.4284819831 538.07258978 997.51571372
Classical Fourth-order Runge Kutta

t = yi K1 K2 K3
0.5 1.570000 1 1.0015917027 0.5994150879 0.6193030441
0.6 1.884000 1.184547 0.0937756559 -0.5105089627 -0.4140761626
0.7 2.198000 1.040457 -0.977534907 -1.414913048 -1.2779040151
0.8 2.512000 0.626297 -1.515292706 -1.4251345709 -1.4805099449
0.9 2.826000 0.192693 -1.150434141 -0.1470533267 -2.11697874
3.140000 30.91712 -38824.63251 -77417.8219039 -154766.4574332
 K4
0.0873542046
-0.9979332365
-1.5507010815
-0.9588566958
592.7694908504
-300731.719831538