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Deep Excavation Techniques1
Deep Excavation Techniques1
PRESENTED BY:
Introduction
Deep Excavation Techniques
Case Histories
INTRODUCTION
Excavation
An excavation means a man made cavity or
depression in the earths surface formed by
earth removal.
INTRODUCTION
Deep excavation.
An excavation in soil or rock more than
15ft or 4.5m is called deep excavation.
(www.deepexacation.com)
INTRODUCTION
Open excavation.
It means an excavation without any
retaining system by providing suitable slope of
excavation such as 1:2, when surrounding
allows.
INTRODUCTION
Retained deep excavation.
A deep excavation in soil or rock with some
retaining system, usually in populated areas.
INTRODUCTION
Necessity of deep excavation.
Deep excavation has become more a
necessity of better utilization of space as the
population of the world increased. As far as the
mega structures like dams are concerned, deep
excavation may be employed for the construction
of different components like power stations. But
the contribution of basements in the stability
against overturning of high rise buildings cannot
be neglected which obviously require deep
excavation.
RETAINING SYSTEMS FOR
DEEP EXCAVATION
Followings are the common systems for
supporting deep excavation
CONTIGUOUS PILES
In this technique the reinforced concrete
unconnected piles are installed in the periphery of
the proposed site.
The contiguous piles wall is designed in such a
way that it resists the lateral earth pressure of
retained soil.
The width of gap between piles varies between 50
and 500mm according to ground conditions.
The dia. of these piles varies from 300 to 1200mm
normally.
The soil between two piles is stabilized by
shotcreting.
Contiguous bored piles supported
excavation
(A) Trenching under slurry, (B) End stop inserted (steel tube or
other), (C) Reinforcement cage lowered into the slurry-filled trench,
(D) Concreting by tremie pipes.
VERTICAL SOLDIERS AND HORIZONTAL
LAGGING KING POST METHOD
The method consists of boring holes on the wall
line, typically at 2 to 3m centers, placing vertical
steel universal beam or column soldier piles within
the holes and concreting the base of each joist
below final formation level.
Lean mix concrete is often used for this purpose.
In suitable soils the steel soldier pile may be
driven. When the soldier pile is to be extracted the
base of each joist is supported by gravel backfilled
to formation level.
VERTICAL SOLDIERS AND HORIZONTAL LAGGING
KING POST METHOD
IT TOWER LAHORE:
IT Tower is a 24 storey high rise building; 18
superstoreys and 6 basements. It is located in
GulbergIII Lahore surrounded by roads on two
adjacent sides and residential buildings on other
two sides.
A stratum consisting of clay and siltyclay is
present from 0 to 8 m depth then Silty Sand/Poorly
graded Sand with Silt subsequently. As the ground
water table in the city is at a depth more than 100
ft, therefore, water was apparently not a problem.
IT TOWER LAHORE