Department of Public Works and Highways

Contract ID: 18B00053

Contract Name: 001 - ENSURE SAFE AND RELIABLE NATIONAL ROAD
SYSTEM BRIDGE -REPLACEMENT OF PERMANENT WEAK
BRIDGES ABUSAG BRIDGE (B04258LZ) & APPROACHES
Along Baybayog - Baggao - Dalin - Sta. Margarita Road
Baggao, Cagayan
Location of the Contract: Baggao - Dalin - Sta. Margarita Road Baggao,
Cagayan
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GENERAL CONSTRUCTION
METHODOLOGY
FOR
ABUSAG BRIDGE PROJECT
A. INTRODUCTION
The objective of this narrative construction method is to guide and
familiarize the Contractor and the Owner regarding how civil works of the
project will be carried out. The foregoing procedure and methods are
formulated to attain the scheduled program of the project within the prescribed
contract time.
It is an over-all view of various aspects of construction activities
comprising of delivery of materials, deployment of equipment suited for the job
and combined expertise and cooperation of Contractor and the Owner.
However, this will be a continuous studying process to seek the highest
standard of workmanship and the introduction of better methods for the best
interest of the project.

B. PRELIMINARY WORKS
1. MOBILIZATION OF PLANT EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS and
PERSONNEL – upon receipt of Notice to Proceed (NTP) and construction
drawings, preparatory works for civil construction will start. Mobilization of
the equipment and management team for the job will be done at least two
(2) weeks prior preliminary site works especially the major works like
construction of detour road and bridge, bored piling and girder fabrication
works. All temporary works including the contractor’s camp facilities will be
installed including any proposed plant.

2. PROPOSED TEMPORARY WORKS – this phase of work will comprise

the establishment of Contractor’s Temporary Facilities which may include
offices, warehouse, shops, etc. Power and water source will also be
established for offices and warehouse. The proposed site temfacil
presented to the Client’s representative with the necessary layout for
consideration and approval free of any rental cost. A satellite office using
container Val will also be established together with our piling equipment.
3. PRE-COSNTRUCTION SURVEY – Survey Group will provide the vertical
and horizontal control for the bridge construction activity.

4. BONDS and INSURANCES – the required Bonds/Insurances will be

provided as soon as the final signing of the main Contract.

5. HEALTH, SAFETY and SECURITY – The safety regulation and measures

will be put in place to ensure the safety of all construction operations. Prior
to any work activity, the Contractor will attend the orientation to be
conducted by Owner’s safety management. The contractor’s designated
 Safety Officer will directly coordinate with the Owner Safety Officer
throughout the entire project duration. A separate security force will be
provided by the Contractor to safeguard the equipment, materials and the
completed works.

C. CONSTRUCTION IMPLEMENTATION
1. BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

1.1. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS:

1.1.1. Reinforcing Steel Bars (Grade 60, Grade 40)
1.1.2. Concrete (5075psi, 4060psi, 3045psi, 1450psi)
1.1.3. Temporary Casing
1.1.4. Non-shrink Grout
1.1.5. Elastomeric Bearing Pads
1.1.6. Anchor Bar w/ steel Pipe and compressible pad
1.1.7. Steel Lighting Posts and Fixtures
1.1.8. Metal Beam Guardrail and Post w/ Bolts
1.1.9. Granular Backfill, Sub-grade and subbase Materials
1.1.10. Formworks
1.1.11. Traffic Signage

1.2. EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS:

1.2.1. Excavator (bucket & breaker)
1.2.2. Dump truck (20m³)
1.2.3. Motorized Road Grader
1.2.4. Vibratory Road Roller
1.2.5. Bored Piling Machine (Rotary)
1.2.6. Bulldozer
1.2.7. Wheel Loader
1.2.8. Water Truck
1.2.9. Boom Truck/Cargo Truck
1.2.10. Crawler Crane
1.2.11. Crawler Crane
1.2.12. Concrete Batching Plant
1.2.13. Concrete Transit Mixer
1.2.14. Bar Bender
1.2.15. Bar Cutter
1.2.16. Generator Set
1.2.17. Service Vehicle
1.2.18. Stake Truck
1.2.19. Tower Light
1.2.20. Welding Machine
1.2.21. Laboratory Equipment and accessories
1.2.22. Survey Equipment and accessories
 1.3. MANPOWER REQURIEMENTS:
1.3.1. Project manager
1.3.2. Deputy Project Manager
1.3.3. Quality Control Engineer
1.3.4. Field/Site Engineer
1.3.5. Cost/Office Engineer
1.3.6. CAD operator
1.3.7. Safety Personnel
1.3.8. Administration Personnel
1.3.9. Materials Testing & sampling Personnel
1.3.10. Maintenance Personnel
1.3.11. Prestressing/ Post tensioning Personnel
1.3.12. Bored Piling Engineer
1.3.13. Bored Piling Foreman
1.3.14. Surveyor
1.3.15. Survey aide
1.3.16. General Foreman
1.3.17. Leadman
1.3.18. Mason/Carpenter
1.3.19. Welder
1.3.20. Laborer

2. CONSTRUCTION OF DETOUR ROADS

2.1. WORK SEQUENCE
 Secure all necessary permits prior to any construction
activities
 Lay-out and staking for the proposed location of detour road
 Removal and relocation of any affected utilities and facilities
 Clearing and grubbing works
 Excavation, backfilling, laying, spreading and compaction of
gravel for detour road
 Fabrication and Installation of detour road & bridge
 Installation of road and safety signs
 Provide necessary traffic personnel

3. CONSTRUCTION OF CRANEWAY ROAD & BRIDGE AND PLATFORM

3.1. WORK SEQUENCE
 Secure all necessary permits prior to any construction
activities
 Lay-out and staking of alignment for the proposed location of
crane-way road & bridge
 Clearing, removal, and relocation of any existing structure
that can possibly affect the construction of crane-way road
and bridges.
 Securing the location of source of aggregates for the
embankment and road surfacing.
 Delivery of approved embankment materials and coarse
aggregates for surfacing preparation of crane-way road and
approaches.
 Spreading and compacting of embankment and surface
coarse.
 Positioning of vibro hammer machine prior to the foundation
driving of structural steel pile members to its designed depth.
Initial driving should start either the both ends of crane-way
bridge approach. The driving shall continue after completing
one fully set up bridge from approach up to the end 2 nd
approach of crane-way.
 Setting of all designed lateral and diagonal bracings, Coping
beams, & deck plates before the machine continue driving H-
piles for the next bay.
 Along the crane-way alignment is the construction of working
platform (refer steel crane-way details). Platform is the same
set-up with the steel crane-way with the following parameters
of 2 span @ 6m/span and width of 6m. Construction of two
platforms is recommended as per DPWH standard.
 Installation of guard rails are recommended as per DPWH
design height and material standard.
 Figure – 001 (Vibro Hammer Machine)

4. EARTHWORKS
4.1. CLEARING OF SITE/ DEMOLITION, REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL
OF EXISTING BRIDGES ABUTMENTS, PIERS AND PCCP.

The clearing of a site typically involves the removal of existing

bridges, pier, vegetation and debris in preparation for commencement
of construction works or bulk earthworks. Clearing and disposal of
vegetation and trees, structures or any other obstructions within the
established limits of construction, except those which are permitted to
remain within the project and those which are outside of scope of the
contract.
Prior to any demolition and/or pulling down of vegetation, an
exclusion zone where electrical services and electrical parts, telephone
lines and other underground and overhead utilities are present will be
established.

4.2. EXCAVATION/ BACKFILLING

Backfilling works will be done for working platform which will serve
as our crane-way for all works which includes bored piling works,
construction of superstructures and installation of girders.

5. BORED PILING ACTIVITIES

Step 1: AREA PREPARATION
Survey and layout of center of bored pile locations will be established
including Bored Pile cut-off elevation and other boring controls.
The area around the bored piles will be backfilled to create a temporary
platform that extends for at least 4 meters around the pier area that is wide
enough for the equipment to maneuver during bored pilin works. The backfill
towards the riverbank will be sloped at 1.5V/1H. Protection from scouring due to
river current might be added if necessary.
Step 2: PRE-BORING/ INITIAL DRILLING
Before driving of casing, the pile location or borehole which is
rechecked and approved by the survey or must be initially drilled at a depth
equivalent to one third of casing length (Fig. A). Casing will be driven by means
of vibratory hamer and a service crane if needed (Fig. B).
Step III. FINAL DRILLING
The bored holes will be drilled to the desired depth. During drilling
process, the bore hole will be provided with soil stabilizer to prevent collapse
if necessary. Commonly used stabilizer is water filled in the borehole
maintaining the elevation of two meter from the top of the hole. If the
condition of location is a sandy soil stratum, the water is mixed with
additives/chemicals (usually bentonite or polymer powder) to create
cohesion.
Excavated materials will be disposed of from time to time to avoid too
much stockpile that may cause interruption of the drilling operation (Fig. C).
Note: After each borehole, bored piling record will be duly filled up by
the Engineer & will be confirmed by the Client’s representative/Engineer.

`
 Step IV: REBAR FABRICATION AND INSTALLATION
Simultaneous to boring of piles, cage bars will be pre-fabricated nearby the
boring location. Rebar cages should be provided with stiffener ring space at 2m
each segment. Main bars should best if any welded to stiffener ring to ensure the
stiffness of cage. It will be transformed near borehole location for installation.

After the final depth of the borehole is reached and confirmed by the client,
rebar cages will be installed inside the borehole using service crane (Fig. E). Rebar
cages will be spliced during installation with certain number of main bars to be
welded to secure stability of splicing when lowered into the borehole. Take note that
the cage should hang up from the bottom of the borehole to provide a concrete
covering.
Step V: CONCRETE POURING
The pipes will be installed by segments using service crane (Fig. F). Concrete
will be poured into the borehole through tremie pipes (Fig. G). The pipeline will be
adjusted as the concrete fills into the borehole.

Concrete pouring is not dependent on theoretical volume. Any additional volume, no

matter how much it takes should be poured just to be sure that the Pile Head
Elevation is free from laitance or “bad concrete”. It is very essential that the supply of
the concrete is continuous and on time.
6. PILE TESTING
6.1. Low Strain Test (P.I.T.)
 PIT is an integrity test method for foundation piles. This test will be
conducted a Third-Party Specialist for Pile Testing. This test will be carried
out using a small impact device (hammer), sensitive accelerometer,
compact special purpose PIT Collector and full built-in data interpretation.
The test involves the attachment of an accelerometer on the pile top using
an adhesive material. After the attachment, a special rubber-tipped hand-
held hammer is used to generate a “low strain” compressive impact wave.
For the pile top preparation, all bad concrete from pipe head will be
removed, pile head will be clean, sound and without cracks for successive
test. The testing technician will clean a portion of the pile top for the
attachment of an apparatus if necessary. Testing points will be at least in
the following configurations of the testing specialist.
6.2. High Strain Dynamic Test
This test will be conducted by Third Party Specialist for Pile Testing. In
general, the procedure will allow deep foundations constructed of concrete
to gain adequate structural strength prior testing. Attach the apparatus and
take the dynamic measurements for the impacts during the interval to be
monitored together with the routine observations of number of blows per
unit penetration (blow count) or set per blow.
For preparation, pile cushion will be placed on the pile head. Position the
impact device on the pile head to apply the impact force concentric with
the long axis of the pile. Prepare the apparatus for recording, processing,
and displaying data to receive the dynamic measurements and balance
the strain and acceleration signals to their respective reference levels.
7. CONSTRUCTION OF PIERS and ABUTMENTS
7.1. LEAN CONCRETE
For reinforced concrete structures that sit on the ground (i.e. abutment pile
caps), it is necessary to provide lean concrete at least 50mm thick placed
below those structures.
The ground or sub-grade should be compacted by using plate compactor
prior to lean concreting to avoid settlement when the structure will be
poured with concrete.
7.2. PILE CAPS AND COPING BEAMS (Incl. Shear blocks, etc.)
For elevated structures such as pier coping beams where lean concreting
is not applicable, falseworks will be installed up to the height just below the
marked designed elevation of beams. Safe and secured, the falsework will
be installed with bottom forms for the structures.
 Reinforcing bars will be fabricated as per cutting list or bending diagrams,
approved by the client if necessary. It will then be firmly installed into its
position per structure. Sufficient lapping and splice length will be checked.
Necessary additional bars such as starter bars for backwalls, wingwalls,
etc. (in abutments) and dowel/connection bars for girders and diaphragms
(in Piers) should be installed with main rebars.
Side forms will be installed to enclose the rebars. Alignment, plumbness
and stability of the formworks should be checked and assured before
concrete pouring. Adequate quantity and minimum concrete cover will be
observed and maintained. Pertinent block outs for integrated structures
and utilities should be installed before closing the forms.
From batching plant, concrete will be delivered by the transit mixers to the
concreting location. For direct pouring, concrete will be placed through
fabricated concrete chute. While for elevated structures, the contractor will
choose between by the assistance of elephant-type Pumpcrete or by
usage of crane and bucket, whichever practicable method. During
concreting, sufficient number concrete vibrators will be used to compact
the concrete to ensure consistency of the concrete within the structure.
8. GIRDER FABRICATION AND INSTALLATION
8.1. FABRICATION
A designated location will be identified to serve as a staging / fabrication
area for girders, the casting beds will be leveled. Compacted and
concreted.
Girders will be fabricated each at those beds. After the girder dimensions
would be outlined at the bed, rebar fabricated will be placed on. Then,
conduits for stressing tendons will be laid out and will be installed as per
its schedule. The conduits should be firmly placed to avoid realignment
during concreting. Tendons will then be inserted into the conduits.
Pre-fabricated steel mold/forms will then be placed at the sides of the
skeletal rebar standing, while fabricated wooden forms will be used to
close both end sides of the girder. Prior to the end forms installation,
anchorage assemblies should be installed first. Firmly supported and
checked, the girder will be concrete casted in direct or crane-and-bucket
method. Steel molds will be dismantled after at least one day from date of
pouring.
Post-tensioning will start in the event that the samples taken on during
pouring has attained the designed compressive strength. The tendons will
be stressed by means of jacks to the desired tension and the stress
transferred to the end anchorage. Prestressing tendons in will be
tensioned by jacking at each end of the tendon individually. Gauge
 pressure and elongation will be recorded at all times. After the tendons
have reached the desired stress, it will be released after fixing it with grips
to the anchor plates. The excess length of tendons will be cut.
The ducts encasing the tendons will be filled with grout through grouting
hose inserted into each end of the duct. Mechanically mixed grout will be
pumped in to the ducts encasing the tendons. It will be filled through
grouting hose inserted into one end of the duct. At the other end where
another hose is installed, the grout will be allowed to flow a little and will be
closed tightly to ensure the duct will be completely filled up with grout.
After the grout has set, the hose will be cut. Touching up of girder ends will
finalize the fabrication.
8.2. INSTALLATION
Prior launching of girders, dowel bars of connection joints and
prefabricated elastomeric bearing pads should be installed to the coping
piers and abutments.
The girder will be lifted into the low bed and at least two dollies (for 45-
50m long girder) to be towed by the trailer truck to the site positioned
between the abutment and pier. Two crawler cranes at each support
waited for the girder will pick the girder up and lift it slowly and launch it
over the supports (pier/abutment). The haulers will then go back to the
casting area to fetch another girder and will do the same as the first
launching.
After all girders of the span are launched, rebar on the intermediate and
end diaphragms will be installed. It will be closed with forms and will be
casted together or not with the bridge slab.
9. CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE SLAB INCLUDING SIDEWALKS
After the girders were launched, the fabricated precast slab will be installed
over/along the girders. Over the slab, precast curbs will also be installed.
Installation of precast should follow the survey established levels and
coordinates.
Top reinforcement bars will be installed over the precast slabs. Splice lengths
and minimum concrete cover should be checked and maintained. Chair bars if
necessary, should be installed. Dowel bars for glass fiber reinforced concrete
panel, guardrail posts and lighting posts will be installed with the top bars. Pre-
cast sidewalk, curb and railings.
Forms underneath the gaps will be hung and tied on the rebars on top. The
gaps between the slabs and girders and the sides along the sidewall will be
closed out with forms to avoid spillage of concrete during pouring. Joint filler,
anchor bars, sealants, pipe drains and angular nosing (for expansion joints)
should also be pre-installed before concreting. After survey and rigidity of forms
 are checked, the slab will be poured with concrete through crane and bucket
method.
As the concrete would set, the slab will be power screeded and will be broom
finished. Curing compounds will be applied to the slab surface to seal the fresh
concrete and prevent rapid loss of moisture. Alternate method like covering with
burlap cloth and watering the surface can also be applied.

10. CONSTRUCTION OF BACKWALL, WINGWALL AND RETAINING WALL

From the starter bars embedded into the Abutment pipe cap, rebars
installation for the backwalls will be continued. Once rebars are completed,
forms will be installed on one side only to be able to install restrainer bars and
any other necessary dowels. Then, the forms will be installed on the open side of
the wall leaving only the top part open. Concrete pouring on backwalls maybe
monolithic with the pile cap or it can also be poured with the bridge slab only that
its should not be monastically poured with it.
Wingwalls up to the handrail (on approach slab) will be constructed
together. The wall should rest over a well compacted bed and lean concrete may
be poured in necessary. However, filter cloth should cover the compacted bed.
Rebars will be installed into doweled rebars from the abutment pile cap. It will be
enclosed with wooden forms, supported from both side by waters and shoring.
When, all are checked and set, it will then be poured with concrete.
Retaining wall below the abutment pile cap can actually be constructed
with the said pile cap. During concreting, the concrete will continue up to
Abutment pipe cap. Retaining wall at the side of the approach road will be
constructed like the wingwalls.

11. SLOPE PROTECTION WORKS for ABUTMENTS

11.1. GROUTED RIPRAP

Grouted riprap will be placed for slope protection at the Abutment and long
elevated roadway. The location of the riprap will be filled with approved materials
and will be compacted in layer to insure the backfill form erosion. When the fill is
shaped into designed/approved slope and level, it will be covered with filter cloth
and weep holes. At the base of the fill, there should be excavated portion, filled
in with rocks, to serve as the riprap’s base foundation.
Combination of stones, boulders and broken concrete blocks (if approved),
will be laid into the bedding. They should be firmly bedded into the slope and
against the adjoining stones. Each stone should be laid with its longest axis
perpendicular to the slope in close contact with each adjacent stone. The Riprap
should be rammed into place as construction progresses and the finished
surface should present an even, tight surface. Small gaps between stones shall
be filled with small broken fragments firmly rammed into place. Grout will be
spread into the gaps to blind individual stones leaving surfaces of large stones
exposed.
 11.2. GABIONS and MATTRESS
Link gabions are delivered to site in a flat packed form. It should be unfolded
on site to create a rectangular or cubic basket. The ground on which the gabions
will be placed should be filled and graded as designed. Surface should be
smoothened and all foreign matters should be removed from foundation surface
area. When the subgrade surface is compacted and smoothened, filter cloth will
be spread over it.
The prefabricated baskets are then stacked in the desired position. Adjacent
cages shall be joined together to form one monolithic structure. While stacking,
the baskets will be filled with rocks it may be advisable that where additional
gabion or mattress units need to adjoin a previous section of work that has been
rock filled, the last gabion compartment is left empty of rock to assist on lacing
the new section the completed section.
Once in position, gabion units should be stretched to provide a neat straight
alignment and where a high standard of rock facing is required to the gabions,
additional formwork may be used on the face of the cage to provide an even
straighter, neater finish. The lid of the gabion that remains open during the filling
process should be folded back out of the way while filling. Rocks should be
machine placed into the gabion then will be filled manually against the front face
of the cage to ensure a neat, tightly packed finish is achieved. Lastly, the gabion
lid is pulled over into position on top of the rock and is laced closed to the
perimeter of the gabion cage and to each of the vertical partitions/diaphragms
within the gabion cage.
12. CONSTRUCTION OF APPROACH SLAB and PCCP
Survey team will establish construction limits of the works. It will be cleared
off from vegetation, trees and other obstruction (see Earthworks). Once the area
is cleared, embankment materials will be dumped to the roadway and will be
spread and leveled by road grader. It will be compacted by the roller compactor
unit it will compacted down to at most 150mm compacted thick. At this thickness,
Field density test will be performed to see if it has reached it maximum density
vis a vis allowable moisture content. If it passes the FDT, the road will be filled
again with embankment layer by layer, with each layer tested with FDT, until the
desired level is reached. Then, the sub-base course, and finally the base course
will be laid in same manner as the embankment.
Steel forms, with depth equal to the thickness of the pavement, will be
installed on each side of the PCCP lay out. Forms should be rigidly supported on
bed during concreting works. Pouring guide will be placed for Screeder.
Appropriate connection devices such as dowels and tie bars should be installed.
Proceed to concrete pouring. Required surface smoothness should be
observed and should be maintained. Curing compound, or burlap cloth covering
and watering or combination of them should be applied over the newly casted
 pavement. After the concrete has set, the new PCCP will be cut to form
weakened plane joint to avoid cracking. Joint filler and asphalt sealant will be
applied prior to opening the road to traffic. Opening to traffic should be at least
14 days after date of pouring, unless the samples taken would result to its
designed flexural or compressive strength.

13. CONSTRUCTION OF U-DITCH DRAINAGE LINE

Along the pavement, survey will provide stakes for the layout of drainage
line, locations of catch basins and/or manholes and other necessary points
needed to be marked. The line laid out will be excavated to the depth equal to
invert elevation and base course thickness (advisably 10mm) and the thickness
of the ditch.
The excavation will be filled with base course and should be compacted to
desired density. Rebars will then be placed. Inner forms will be installed while
outer forms, if allowed, will be the earth it is face to. Wallers and struts will be
firmly installed. Concrete will be poured after.
Precast cover, fabricated on site, will be installed over the ditch opening. The
covering will also serve as sidewalk for the roadway.

14. CONSTRUCTION OF RAILINGS, GUARDRAIL AND TRAFFIC SIGNAGE

Precast hand rails on the bridge will be installed after the concreting of the
sidewalk where block outs for the railings would have been installed. The precast
handrails should have protruding rebars and it will be welded connection will be
installed with forms, and will be poured with concrete. The connection should be
cleaned from any laitance and/or corrosion.
A block of concrete with certain dimension will be casted as pedestal or
foundation of the guardrail post and traffic signage posts. Each location of post
will be marked by the survey team based on the approved layout. It will be dug
out down to the desired depth and on it the post will be erected. After erecting
guardrail posts, metal beams/rails will be installed by bolting them into the posts.
Traffic signage will be fabricated using approved materials. The dimensions,
shape, paint material and color and markings should conform to DPWH
standards. It will be installed to and prior to casting of pedestal foundation.
During erection, the height of the signage should be adjusted to the standard
height.

15. CONSTRUCTION OF LIGHTING POST PEDESTAL and FIXTURES

Lighting posts will be prefabricated as per approved sample. On the bridge,
light posts will be clamped to the bridge railing posts that serves as its main
support. The bolt connection of clamp and post should be proxy-filled to ensure
the clamp to firmly hold on to the post.
Lighting posts along the roadway will be erected over a pedestal made of
concrete. The post’s base plate will be bolt connected to the pedestal. Lighting
fixtures with covering will be installed once the posts are erected.
 Power supply to the lighting fixtures will be conveyed from the source
through the electrical pipeline below ground along the roadway and through PVC
pipe clamped or hung along the edge of the bridge.

16. ROAD MARKING AND PAINTING

Road marking location will be established and set out as per the road
marking drawings submitted to and approved by the client. Road surface shall be
cleaned manually using wire brush or air compressor. Washing the surface can
be done only if necessary, but should be dried before application. Wet and dusty
surface might cause early detachment from pavement or bubble formation on
surface of markings.
As per the approved road marking design the road marking lines & symbols
will be set out by means of white chalk. The material will be pre-heated to
allowable (or as per manufacturer’s requirement) temperature and should be
maintained during the entire laying process. After getting the approval of the
temporary marking on the surface, permanent marking will be carried out by
considering required color.
Application of thermoplastic materials will be done by hand screeding or by
using screeding machine depending on the size of the markings. For small scale
marking such letters and lines, thermoplastic materials will be screeded by hand
in steady rate to attain even thickness of the marking. Glass beads will be
applied in a rate conforming to the standards or as per manufacturer’s
requirement. All roads marking shall be protected from traffic until the marked
paint will get dry.

17. MATERIAL TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

All Materials to be used in the project will undergo appropriate laboratory
and/or field testing. In some cases, Mill Certificate and Inspection report will be
submitted in Lieu or in addition to testing requirements. Material samples will be
taken on site during and/or before incorporation to the works. Deemed
acceptable by the client or its representative, no materials shall be used in
construction without testing.
The frequency of the test, the number of test specimen and the test
procedures should follow the DPWH’s Minimum Test requirements and
Laboratory and testing procedures, Philippine National Standards (PNS),
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
and American Standard for the Testing and Materials (ASTM) and other
applicable construction standards like.
Submitted by:

TEODORICO A. GUICO
Project Manager, FREY-FIL CORPORATION