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Construction Methods Retaining Walls PDF
Construction Methods Retaining Walls PDF
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AGS Symposium Sydney 2013
Introduction - Definitions
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Stiff retaining walls usually minimize the wall movement towards the
excavation and the soil settlement behind the wall; concrete walls can be
integrated in the permanent structure as basement walls if desired.
Typical examples for stiff wall types are diaphragm walls, secant pile or
contiguous piles walls, which are constructed using cast in place concrete
as construction material.
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- Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles for primary and secondary piles
- CFA piles for primary piles and rotary bored piles with thick walled
segmental casings for secondary piles
- CFA piles for primary piles and cased CFA (CCFA or CSP) for
secondary piles
- Rotary Bored Piles with standard thin walled temporary casing for
primary piles and rotary bored piles with thick walled segmental
casings for secondary piles
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Steel sheet piles typically show softer and more flexible displacement
behaviour than piled concrete retaining walls or diaphragm walls.
The sheets are commonly made of steel and can be re-used if required.
Depending on sheet thickness and profile the sheets provide a different
degree of stiffness.
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RL +147 m to Extremely weathered to Granite rock (granite, granodiorite and gneiss). Extremely
RL +137 m highly weathered rock to highly weathered. Extremely low to very low strength.
Granite rock (granite, granodiorite and gneiss). Highly to
moderately weathered with steeply inclined fault and
RL +137 m to Highly to moderately alteration of brecciated and/or extremely weathered
RL +131 m weathered rock rock. Medium to high strength with steeply inclined zones
of very low to low strength.
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Area to be dewatered
Proposed cofferdam
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The piles would also have to deal with the large forces which could be
exerted by the southern embankment. Tolerances on pile verticality
were extremely stringent (1:200 equating to 80 mm over a 16 m pile)
to ensure that the design was satisfied.
The wall was to be constructed in a repeated u-shape so that 5 cells
would be created for the buttress foundations to be built from.
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Conclusions
- Each retaining wall technique from a soft wall to a stiff wall has its
particular advantages, disadvantages and risks
- It is important for clients to carry out a thorough risk assessment prior
to commencement of the design process to evaluate potential
construction risks which are associated with certain wall types
- Besides the construction risks highlighted in this document, various
other project specific risks, design risks, contractual risks,
geotechnical risks and other risks must be considered carefully before
and during the planning and execution stage of a retaining wall
project
- The choice of an experienced team of sub-contractors, designers,
consultants and suppliers as well as effective project management
skills are critical factors for success
- Introduce embedded retaining wall Code of Practice for Australia
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Construction methods and
associated risks for rigid and
flexible retaining walls
Thank you for your attention
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