GERMAN MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONIC

DIGITAL SYSTEM
(EET 0133)

PBL 1
AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

DATE OF PBL
08 SEPTEMBER 2017

PREPARED BY:
NAMES GMI NO. GROUP
AFIQAH BINTI AHMAD SAFWAN NWS17070001
NUR BATRISYIA IRDINA BINTI MOHD SHAHID NWS17070147 1
NUR FATIN ELISA BINTI ABDUL QAYYUM NWS17070286

MARKS
INTRODUCTION /3
OBJECTIVE /2
METHODOLOGY /5
DISCUSSION /5
CONCLUSION /3
REFERENCES /2
TOTAL /20

TTO NAME

COMMENT

1|Digital System
TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO TITLE PAGE
1 Introduction 3
2 Objective 4
3 Methodology 5
4 Discussion 9
5 Conclusion 10
6 Reference 11

2|Digital System
INTRODUCTION

Global warming is currently an unsolved issue that we face in the world today. This
phenomenon successfully brings us doom such as extreme weather events, ice melt and increase
in average temperature. Global warming has deeply affected the living on Earth which leads to
increase of death, especially in agriculture that is needed for humans to survive. However, the
plants we use for agricultural purpose needs to be sustained for optimal growth. Hence, an
automatic plant irrigation system is invented as one of its purpose is to ensure the growth of plants
and crops are well and healthy.

A company called TriTech Sdn. Bhd. is to suggest a proposal to a tea plantation located
at Cameron Highlands in regards with the automatic plant irrigation system that is beneficial to
both of the company and the plantation. The plantation saves a lot of manpower and higher quality
products can be produced by using the system that uses logic circuit in order to function.

3|Digital System
OBJECTIVES

1. To find out the application of synthesis logic circuit in our lives today.

2. To simplify the logic equation with the use of Karnaugh Map.

3. To study the conversion of basic gates to universal gates.

4|Digital System
METHODOLOGY

To explain more on the automatic plant irrigation system, four inputs has been set which
are function A for timer, function B for the manual override, function C for rain sensor and function
D for soil humidity sensor. Few conditions are made in order for the system to work automatically,
which produces a logic HIGH (1) as shown below:
A: The timer is scheduled to be activated in the early morning and evening.
B: Manual override is turned on.
C: Rain sensor activates.
D: Soil humidity sensor detects the soil is dry.
To get the output E:
Timer is set at 7:00 a.m. then 7:00 p.m. and the manual override is off, or
Manual override is off and rain sensor deactivates, or
Rain sensor deactivates and soil is dry, or
Timer is off and soil humidity sensor detects there is dryness in soil.

1. Truth Table
Combinational inputs = 16

A B C D Output E
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0

5|Digital System
2. K-Map (Karnaugh Map)

E = AB + BC + AD + CD

3. Synthesis Logic Circuit

a) Basic Logic Circuit

6|Digital System
 b) NAND Only Circuit
i. NAND Only Circuit

ii. NAND Only Circuit (Simplified)

7|Digital System
 c) NOR Only Circuit
i. NOR Only Circuit

ii. NOR Only Circuit (Simplified)

8|Digital System
DISCUSSION

Four inputs are built in our automatic plant irrigation system which are labelled as
function A for timer, function B for manual override, function C for rain sensor and function D for
soil humidity sensor. In order to get the output of our system, synthesis logic circuit method is
applied by creating the truth table, Karnaugh Map and logic circuits.

To get the basic logic circuit, a truth table is created from the condition of our system as
shown in the methodology. Since the system consists of four inputs, it produces 16
combinational inputs with 10 high outputs. Therefore, the logic equation derived from the truth
table is:

E = ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD +

ABCD

Next, a Karnaugh Map, also known as K-Map is built to simplify the logic equation thus,
making the logic circuit become very simple and straightforward. The K-Map uses the Gray
code to operate. The single bit change characteristic of the Gray code reduces the chances for
error in data transmission. The simplified logic expression is shown below.

E = AB + BC + AD + CD

A basic logic circuit consists of a combination of few basic logic gates such as AND, OR
and NOT gate that are added up together to form a circuit. These logic circuit can be created
from the logic equation that was simplified from the K-Map. A logic diagram is a graphical
representation of a logic circuit that shows the wiring and connections of each individual logic
gate, represented by a specific graphical symbol that implements the logic circuit. The basic
logic circuit diagram is shown in the methodology above.

NAND and NOR gates are two gates that are commonly used and also known as the
universal gates. By changing the basic logic gates to the universal gates, this could cut down
the cost of building a logic circuit and the number of components used. Besides, using only one
gate will reduce the complexity in the circuit. The full circuit diagram and the simplified circuit
diagram of both universal gate, NAND and NOR are also shown in the methodology above.

For this Automatic Plant Irrigation System, we choose to use the Simplified NAND Circuit
because generally the NAND gate is more preferred than NOR gates due to NAND gates
having to consume lesser area, gives higher speed and less leakage current.

9|Digital System
CONCLUSION

Synthesis Logic Circuits consist of inputs, two or more basic logic gates and
outputs. The logic gates are combined in such a way that the output state depends
entirely on the input states. A combinational logic circuit performs an operation assigned
logically by a Boolean expression or truth table.

Our system is an example of application of synthesis logic circuit. Synthesis logic

circuit is also used in other electronic devices. The system becomes automatic by
putting together all the inputs such as timer, manual override, rain sensor and soil
humidity sensor into a logic circuit. Thus, making our lives easier without needing to
water our plants by hands and worrying on the growth and fertility of the plants.

K-Map helps us to simplify the logic circuit. It also minimizes the Boolean expressions
without the need of using various Boolean theorems and computations and lessens the number
of logic gates used in the circuit. Therefore, the lesser logic gates used, the lesser the cost of
components needed in the circuit. Based on our system, we have simplified the previous
equation from the truth table by using the K-Map.

The universal gates are commonly used in most applications. These two gates will
construct a simple circuit because it only uses either one of the gates to replace the
combination of basic logic gates.

10 | D i g i t a l S y s t e m
REFERENCES

1. http://www.agrotechnomarket.com/2017/01/automatic-plant-irrigation-system.html

2. https://www.quora.com/How-can-I-use-logic-gates-in-a-circuit-system#MoreAnswers

3. https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-practical-applications-of-logic-gates

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_override

5. https://www.quora.com/How-can-I-use-logic-gates-in-a-circuit-system/answer/Thomas-Wong-
65/comment/42423398?filter__&__nsrc=2&__snid3__=1438504280

6. https://www.quora.com/Why-do-we-use-NAND-and-NOR-Gate-for-implementing-any-logic-
design

7. https://www.quora.com/NAND-and-NOR-are-both-universal-gates-Why-is-NAND-preferred-
over-NOR-gate-in-most-applications

11 | D i g i t a l S y s t e m