.

IV

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3 3

nI< I<"
1965.
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JV

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3 3

"t< "
1965.
 , 3613 27, II 1960,
-'l

"" ~
,,
"--......._~~"~..:.-._~,;....,.--~ "

....... :~.,:"~~... '~

~ (., ~. ;~ ~:'. ...?>.(&~. l'

"""~~'),~-.~.,."- - - - - - -_ _.1_
"

h : Jl,
: u

: h "h", , 10


L KpD.Onianrcu- "rpIIJI cpua

218. .l BHerpuII DQ &JrI 1

219. .CU lIIierPU trOOp&li .
,. 9
220. cxar . U8D088 l'
221. Oreen-oa . - ..... 21
222. ua o6.ue "1 . 26
223. ...... uoerpyOll erpy 29

11. ..... JIOC'1'pJICOI' 1III'I'P8J18 - IrIIItAP8JPJ ICJa)'

224. aupaypa Kpll8llX 32
225. .. 40

111. IDIIIICICII erpa

~. or r.. . . 44
227. n . . 4
228. r r. q-. .t 50
229. or er.. 51
230. Stoke.oa ... .'. - 54
231. Oreen-oa . . . '56
232. u.... 06n8 58
233. .. er.. 60

IV. rp an
234. IIr 62
235. r4 67
23&. erp4 . 71
237. er' 72

Foarler-

238. .'. 75
239. OporOHUHe 77
240. Fourler-OB 81

f f ()

241. erp.. f () sln kx dx, f cos kx dx 84

242. r FourIer-or . 87
243. 4. FourIer- .- . 92
244. . FourIer- pe.t "" (, ) 109
24~. .. FourIer- (-1, +1) 115
lV

246. I .... 121

247. n Fourler- 124
248. n 126
249. . . 128
250. Fourler- '29
251. l
252. Furlr- .. . . t~9
253. n Furlr- 143
254. Fourler- . . 146
255. Furlr-tl 151

1. 8

256. n nR 153
257. 154
258. ... 156
259. 156
260. . 157
261. . . . 160
262. n JI 167
263. n 168
264. Jl . . 175
265. 9 178
26. . . . . . . 179
267. . . . . 181
268. n 182
269. k 183
270. 184

11. 8

271. l'ieKTopcKa , . 190

272. . . . 191
273. 194
274. . . . . . . . 195
275. 198
276. . . . . 199
277. 200
278. n . . . . . 201
279. n 202
280. n n . . 202
281. " . 203
282. ~ 205
283. n 205

1.

284. Jl 208
285. n 209
286. 218
287. .. n ll 221
288. 224
289. oslus- .. .., 226
290. 228
291. ... . . . . . . 230
292. 234
 v
11. "

293. ,t . . . . 237
294. n 237
295. nn 240
296. n 243
297. n4 246

111. 8'11( PaIIII

298. n 248
299. S:, . 250
300. . 25
301. n . 256
302. 258
303. . . 260
304.
305.
n n,

. 260
261

lV. , , D.,

306.. . . . . . 265
307. n n . . 269
308. ~ n 8 n 276
309. n. . . . . . . . . 278
310. n 285
311. , . . 287
312. n 298

V.' 01lp I

313, 301
314. .. , 2
315. .. 5
316. n, .. 306

"


-
1.

218. RJl<R -rpa Jl. - ~., -

. 1

-
, (. )

= S ,
. .'.
",' . .-....
'1

(, ) dt------------=-=--~r
(. )

(. 144).

-
q


8l1
cl-___ -"

1 (1'1)"'"
M'-1(Xt- t '-1)' Xi-I~. , ,._.
M,(xt. ,), ... ,
n:l
,.-. ("_I' " -1)
.~
II " - Mt - 1 , II
. N, (, ~,). s
"
(1) ~ P(e,.I},)As,-(;1'~I)S1 + P(CI'~I)Asl + ... + P(~.~n)As,.
'=1 . .,.,

, , ". Bpe~HOCT
(1)1). ( n As, I ,

(.) Jl s -
. Jl

Jl ~

(2) f p(X.Y)dS-limt(tl.~I)Si-lim
.

'=1 n-.
tp(e":~I)ASI.
'=1 . ~B,-+o

1) CJlO~)( r 1 .

II"llC ....
2 rJla..

"
-
() lJ.
,

l1 8
(2) "
uru apoJCeJbua.
" lJ. () --- , . .
JI . n (2)

(2') P(X,y)d8 == (,) d8.

A1I

lJ.
HHrerpaaa
- , -
n .
, ].8 , (2) iI (2').
. .

1 P(x,y)d.- (, ) ds
lJ.

(,)d8- - (. ) ds.

-
n 4. 8, (2) .

38 (, ) - 1, lJ. (2) ].8 .. 8- , .

1dI-'-.
1.88' (, ) 8 l1 -
~8 8, . . naII
- s 8

= (8), - (8),

lJ. (8) (8) lJ. 1J.II . 8, 8].8 ,

(1) (2),

1 (, ) ds- lim ~p ("

" .... ~
" ",) 8, == ,,+X!~ "
lim ~P I~, (8,),,,, (8,)]48, -

- ~:il,(s,)A8, - f ,(s)ds.
$.

-.
 1. .lR. n 3

(3) (, ) ds -1 $1

( (s),y(s)]ds - q>(s)ds,
8.

-
.
S 10

(,) -I

-
n~K

t, .

(4) - (, - (t),
(t) (t) ' ' ,
, (3)1
tl

(5) (, ) ds = [ (, (t)] 'l (+'l( dt,

to

-'
t 1' . to f.
I). cn . ..
./ -, n s t n 1
+
t .')
( )
n, . t
. -
,

. I(n n (5) n .
n8 n n.

(, ,
l!' R
z)
-
'n 1 , . h
n
.

(5') (",, z) dl = "+

lim tp ("
1=1
11', ) ,.

-
1
() ,

~P(X,y,Z)ds.
"

P(x,y,z)d.-

' ' . an, . llh

P(X,y'Z)ds-- P(x,y,z)d.

1) ds _ 'dxl + dYS _ ~rs (1)+ '" (t) dl, (16 138).

!I) BIIJUI ' llD Il erp ( 132).
8) .. .u .I1 ds - dt cor II CJllporBor .
4

(x~y, z)ds = - (,, z) ds,

.8, (5') ~.
. . .

=- (8), = (s), z = Z(8),

.

r P(X'Y'Z)dS-! [ (s),y(s), Z ($)] ds -!.(S)d$'

$.

. . .
.
r,oe ~YK 8 . 8 . 8.
$0

(4') = (, = (t), z = z(t),

1 (X,1,z)d. -.!'1 [ (t),y (l),z(l)] ~x" (I)+" (I)+z" (1) dt,

_.
. t ~ . '. '. ~ . . .
., II
.. 8.

U.Alu. - 10. (, )
8 ,. (. 87)
= t, = y(t).
, , (5),

lp(X

1 Y)d8 =1 [, '. +1 ['2 () dS~ [,.()]
uo

(x)]ds
1>0 . . .
d8=

= [,. ()] Vl+y?(X)d~- [' (x)]Vl+y~2(x) dx+

4 d.
d

+ '(, . ()]' 1 +y~a () dx, .

.

-;7.>, ;, f
.. =- 11 (), I == I1 (), = li ().
 1. .

20. ~
() . l:ieKa .ll
8, MN Oz, nn
~. . '
.II (. 145).' g)'
=
= '' z
' , ~
N
'
w "
'
-
, 0r-;-__~____~__
=- z= (, JI).I)
ds
q ,

w, n - . 145
.II ds,
dJ = zds = (, ) ds ,1)
.ll

= z ds - (, ) ds. z

, n
.ll

l l
- + - = 1,
5 9
> , z>
...

' z= (.
146). '

f
"

(6) ==- zds= yds,

. 146

.( ' r + ... 1.
5 9

1) ' IIe
~ z ... (, ), (, ) 06n
, .

1) ~ OCHOHneds . MH-z-P (,,).

&

x={5cost, y=3sinj,
(6), (5),
tr

== 3sintV5sinJt+9costtdt.
U '

h cos t - , - sin t dt = du, h

-1 1

- - '14 3 + du=6 !V4u%.:t5dU=9+ 1;10g5. ,

I

. - h :

10. h x~ d-:;, r

+ % "'" 3 (, ) ( - , ).
lJ R)yra

- cos t, = sin t,

f f ' f

X1dS - COS2 t Va%cos l t+0 8 sin8 t dt : 8 08 2 tdt,.. ~201.

'

-f
=='15
4
dx
V5xl-8.t+16
~lo [ _.! _1
~
:: ' ]' 7 +3 '15
5->V5V5-8+16=lg 2

- ~ - 2 (, - 2) (4, ).
2

f
4 Z

30. rXYdS = Vd%+d2 - dx + 4' . dy-

t
-f 4

. 2 . dx -
2

.; . ;': = 24,
 1, r 7

, = , - , - 4,
.... 2.

Kpyr = cos t, = sin t.

50. '1 2 ds == 2a'la

f
cr
.

(1- cos t) dt = 'n

n .... a(t-sin t), = (l-cos t) (. 93).

!
I

xyzds= tlV8tI
6 l +2 t+fI dt =
16 y~
143 '

8 t l t'
- t, = --' z -- 2" 1=0 t= 1.
. .

70.
lz2ds
+ 2 =
,
"-2 Jddt=a 8n1 2"
,-

3'

() n = cos t, = sin t,
z -- t.
80. n
.... (8),
&.

(, ) ds= ( cos8, sin &) 'l+ . d&.

9', n +l+ Z2 = RI I n '

. R
111 n = --,
ch 1f
n . h ' (R, , )

~ (x,y,z), . h .rds, ~ ' n

, > n

Rcos 1f R siri q.
= , =' , z= Rlh1',
chcp ch l'
8 r_

.! .t>

ds =- RV2 Jc~: -2R~2[arct, "- :].

100.
~
.


. .'

n.II. l +,. .. R 1

w z -= R + -R n
~

- [Zd' -1( ~)YtU"Hy'- R J(R + R'C;s't)dt - 3xR'.

, - Rcost,y - Rsint.
. 1141. n n ,.- 2
8
, z == -"'- n
9

, l - 2 .
120. n + l =. RI 1
2 Rz - n

- 41 zdr - ~1 Ydx,+ dy' - R' [ 2 tdt= R'.

l + .1 - RI ./l == R 1, = R 8 t.
13', n . + l - Rx n
n. l + 2 + Zl -== RI n
~ ~

f
2
f
2

== 4 z ds = 4R VRZ - RI 08 d6 == 4R3 sin d8 - .. RI

= R 08 .
RI
1) l+yI-
, - ' . .
 1. ptI808IIllCUten , 9

14'. (-') ds -(r-r) Vdr + dr - 8 cos2 t = ,

.

rAe l+. - 4.

f
(1 1 ) ' 1

15. fXdS -= Vdr + dy' =: '12 xdx = '12'2,

(0,0) .

. - (, ) (1,1).,

219, !<JlIIIIR 1(.... -

"

-
n ,
-'-1 ,
, (n. l44>., , :


n
n ~ S, -
f1 , n,

(2), 11

(7) (x.y)dx ~ 1.: (, ,'I/) f1x/ 1 )_ 1.: (ei, '1,) f1 '

II~ 1=1 ~Xi"'O 1=1

IlpUBOJlUnUCIlU
(. 144).
un (, ) Jl
'
-
(8)

( P(X,Y)dY - /=1
i; p(el,'I~)f1y, -...o1.:P(~/,'I,)f1y,
11-+00 ~y,

ItulfUU nJl nu (, ) Jl iB .
(7) (8) , , '
,
. . . , , (7) (8),
, . h "

(x,y)dx _ .... f P(x,y)dx, f (x,y.)dy =- - f (, ) dy,

; ~.yl (7) (8) r .

:)-... ,,/'"
,1 t;- ,/
 10

n , n
h oca.l ) , (7) (8),.
d

P(x,O)dx = () dx, P(O,y)dy =- P(y)dy,

n
(. 144).
.-..
(,) (. 144)
t, . .
(4), , (7) (),

(9) P(x,y)dx =

f [ (,(t)]x'(t)dt,
to
t.

(10) f (, )

dy - f [
to
' (1) dl,
(1), (1)]

.
-

.
. t to t1

( ) .
, -t ,
(9) (10)
Q~~ n .

(. 144)

=: t, ~ (t),

" , (9)

f f
.

(x,y)dx "'" P(x,y(x)]dx,

.-..

, = () 8
n (, ].

.-..
! . " , " [, ) ,
.-..
\\ O'tc~1\a\t\c,d\ t-:-... 14\.
 1. n8lt n 11

Q (, ) ti .. 8 --
(. 144), Ta'lKH (, ) . Q (, )
. ,

JlC1t ;'n Q (, ) .

(11) P(x,y)dx +jQ(X,y)dY - (x,y)dx+Q(x,y)dy

7, AiJ

Q(x,y)
n
--
n n (, )
. 8 (.
(4),
144). ,

(, ) dx + Q (, ) dy = I ( [
tl

(t), (t)] x'(t) + Q [ (, (] ' (t)) dl,

AlJ t.

rAe t 1, /1 8. --
-
() , n (11) n

P(x,y)dx+Q (x,y)dy - (,) dx+Q (x,y)dy.

. , h
CKor n, . h'

"

l ~~~+Q~~~=-~~~+Q~~~ If'A

(,) dx+ Q(x, ) dy= - P(x,y)dx+Q (,) dy.

~ n ~
(, , z), Q (, , z), R(x, , z) ---
8
12 ... '

, . h

(12) .f P(x,y,z)dx+Q(x,y,z)dy+R(x,y,z)dz =

All
11 11

= ~ P,(~I' ;, ~1).:lX;+ ~ Q(fi,1Ji,~;).:lYi+

11-+00 1-1 11-+00 [=1

. +li i;-R(ei' j,,~) dzl = ' P(x,y,z)dx + fQ(X,y,Z)dY + !R(X,y,2)dZ =

"-+00 [=1 -

- P(x,y,z)dx+Q(x,y,z)dy+R (, , z) dz.

(4')

p'(x,y,z)dx+Q(x,y,z)dy+R(x,y,z)dz =

- ( [(
t.
y(t), z(t)] x'(t) + Q[x (, (; z(t)] y'(t) + R [ (t), y(t), z(t)] z'(t)} dt,
t.

t to tl .

, o-n:
-
' .
() ,

Pdx + Qdy'+Rdz ~ Pdx.+ Qdy + Rdz.

,' h
, . h'

(, , z) dx +Q (, , z) dy+R(x,y, z) dz ~

=:.... (, , z) dx +Q(x, , z) dy+R(x, , z) dz ,

d+Qd+RdZ = - d+Qd+RdZ.

 1. . ..

n n
n n .
n -
_

() II811
:. Q.. (. 144), (Nt138)1)
dx dy R'
- ... 08 , - = 08 ... -810 .
ds ds
n n (11) o6JI

1 (, ) dx+Q (, ) dy-j (Pcosa+QcosP)d.,

. n n

P(x,y)ds - (,)--
dx =
8
(2) n

1 dy
(,)--.
C08~

,
, ~ nd

, (, 139)1>
" ( )
.
-
dx dy
dz .
- = cos, - = cosp, - .... 08 .
ds ds ds
Jl 't (12) n

l (, y,z) dXo+Q(X,~,Z)dY+ R(x,y, z) dz - [Pcos.+:f1COSP+RCO,yi~"

. n n (5') n

! (, y,z)ods = .[P(X,y,Z).-!!.7-
cos
=!P(X,y,Z).-!!.L "'Jp(x,y,z}~.
08 ~
' .

, n. C-amn,
I (. 147), ,.'

(13) (,) dx + (,) dx = P(x,Y)dX.

~ ~

1) ds Z - dx2 +dy', 1- (-dX)1 + (dy)1

- .. cos1a+slnla - cos1a+e0s8fJ.
fJ _ -_11.
2
, . . $ .

I)dsl_ dl+ddzl 1 "" (dXJ2

ds + (dy)1
ds + (dZJI
ds - cosZa+cosZjJt-eos'.
1.4 q.

1 = m, =bllab. ,

, ) dx =:
I

=- P(x,y)dx+ P(x,y)dx,

(~,)d=


- P(x,y)dx + P(x,y)dx.

. 147 ul

-
,1) (13).
, . l)
8 8
, w .;
. .

, jYdX, .- . ,.-____
= (. 148),

. -

U.llu. - 10. nlllI an .1 dx f 11 i dy,

n ' .... ; (1,~
(1, 1).1) =- ',

- - 1)- -
4% = ~ ! ~-X f ~-X

% d% +
t

d% - 2
1

% ,- d% - :
. .
8) ~Ha - ..lW84L
..) ~cau
,. '" - .
 1. n rn 15

xydy~ J>dY - [~r:-o.

-1
28. h

dx + dy + ( + - 1) dz,

(1, 1, 1) (2, 3, 4). 8

-l -l z-1
--'=--=-- x-l+l, -l+2', z-I+3.t,
1 2 3
1

! XdX+YdY+(X+'Y -1)dz =

(6+ 14 t)dl =
.
13.

ltJ. - :h :

10. h f( +2) dx, (x+y')dy, ..

( -l)'+i' > 1 - 1 + cos t, ... sin t

(2, ) (, ).

J(X+r)dX .... [+ 1-(x-l)2]dx=

2 .
[~ xJ-~J: =_1:
n

! (x+y')dx - - [(1
Jf

+<05 5'!) siDtdt- - ~.

u ( + ') dy , lI ., Kpyr.
= 1 l- ,
)
1

f ( + 2) dy - [1 + '1 - ' + r] dy + [1 - V1- : + r] dy -

1-
1.
I
~
- 2 Vl-ydy =- 2"
1) - _t, " - r. . -I ..
iI) R m Kpyr.
 16

,
20. (- r)dx-
'

' "
-'-, .-
15 '
' 56
'

..;. 600 ,- 2

.,. [,dx+X Il1.-{,r "1 ,pyr. %-'_1, 1-,.lnl ..

t-t=.!..
2

48. ~('+' dl-}<3'+~dY+

5

f I

(1 +1")111 - 32,

6 Q.. .. -1, - 1, -' , - 5.

t - 3 1" -
, ~ 1 - 5 dy - . . .

11". ~ ydx-%dY., -2, ' ... .... ,,- . 1, - bsinl.

6". ~ ('+ 1") d,<' - ,.) dl - f 'd+ r

1

(%'+(1-%)' - ['-

-(1 - ..)} i& - r

,.dy- 11,

,
.... (, ),
. (1, ), (, 1)!
, ,,
,
70. r dy - dx .... ,3 a4I8 ' t t + sin' t t dl _
, ,XII8+ Y'IP ' t ~ sin' t '

.... 3 fQ !
, 'i'
. t ~jnj t dt - 3 4vo 2 t dl ""' 3 1~va ,
.
'

. ... cos' t, - sin' t (!. 59) r (, )

" (, ). " ,

80.
,
2

fyzdx+avr~:'" '
ya,dy+xy dz =
."

;:!(fCO!! 2 t+'sin t ~oa dt ... ,

('. - r t, - r sint, z- 'at .., ~
" 2~
; .", z-O 'z~a
 '1. OJllICD R'I8'pU8 17

9'. 1xl +r+

xdx+ydy+zdz
zl
_ !..fdt - 313.
- -y+2z
x
. .

--
r.ae n . (1, 1, 1) . l (4, 4, 4).1)

IOt. ~~: jdx- d--., (>I.

rAe .... , +-, ... , +-.

220. lUl Jlr rp R'l}'1lu

pal8X D. - . ,
nn ~e (. ~_
.11 - 11 () I - 1. () n ' 1 ' ' ' .
(t 135)
;
f,. () f

.... dx - 1.. () dx
Q 11

an ,

- - f ()
11

1. dx -

1. () dx - -[1. () dx +
6

f ()d

1. ]

l.ll

f ()

1. "" -
11

, () dx, 1. () dx ~j () dx

,.
n ~&l

'.
8 lf e.ua8OII

(14) - r
-[ Ytdx+
,~,
r
Yadx]--rfi. ,
r
. n .n
( n).

x-l )'-1 %-1

1) .lUl1l - .. - .. -
3 . 3

... .,..... &I88a I

18 . r n.

.. w ..
JUl8

(15) - xdy,
Jl .II. -, . h ..
(14) (15), .II.h Jl " Jl-
818

(16)

lJ 4 . " - fi cos , = $in , CS

(!! "136)

.ll. .II. . n.ll. Jl3

lJJl .11.8 ' Jl Jl (Jl. 97, 1 11).
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A""ii, ii"ii." I =" 11 (), == 1: () ' "
"' (Jl. 88), Jl
'1 (14) .II.. ' ",
11
" ' .ll. Jl, ".ll.
== .
Jl (14) I.11.8 '
~8TBopeHa Jl.
Jl .ll.Jl .II.

.11.1 8 JlJl
~ YL.II.BI ,
leH..eo

.(. 1'49). yhJl1.,

... 149 (1.4) Jl '.
.II.0h

.- -f mtl
Ydx..:....f dx,
6'
" =;...

J)dX- f
Ilb
y"dx;"

yh .ll. .ll.h IJ~.II.8 .Jl

6. II .. .ll."Jl, .II.0 no i> , . h

-I+ 2-- ydx~ ydX--rd,

m. bIIIl '{

.. .n ( ).
 1. Jl8OJl8:":' m-u

8- ~l) (. 150),

.8

. m ,.ll . ,.ll m
,.ll : ,.ll

. 150 . 151

.
m( (C.1I. 151),

... - ydx .... - YdX- dx,

\
-
,

.
n '

. ~-,~'h"7.:1
1 . (C.1I. 152),)
~--'

(. -
8m)

. 152

1 "'" - d~-" ydx- ydx-

aRlb /Jd : (je~,.,
f
,.
.1'dx, ,

1) ' &. ~ were IIe.

2) (:1 . CD " . 8. . bI. (16.

.
 r .....

P1 -- f
(1.1
ydx- ydx- [YdX -
Ihd d
dx.
bntJ
Jtl.

j~p ".I 1
Ct
Il.flIl. - 1'. ~m - t, - . sin t, ll
(16), n

.. 2'1', (,) , t
.. 0"0 2.'11:.
20. mI ll DestesII (. 101)
t
'+8-3 axy~) ... .ll
- l+t"y- 1+1' '
. (16), ll

- ~ tly-ytlx - ~ ![X(x+Jt'fJ-t') tlt-

_.!.jxt
2
'

2.

dt _ 9 oI tI dt ___ ["
(1 + t')I
8 " ]: 3.11'
2 (1 + 1') 02
.

8.JIC6alN. - ..h 8lTt:

-. llh ([6)h 08 l+yI..;,,, &_
- r cos '. - r t. .
2'. 08m; :u'tOll (CJI.98) (xt+yI)' - '('.,....yI)
. . ,. - ':os28 h,) .... (1'6) 8h y-xtgt, .- t

;" . 1): tu- _ tJC.

&) ,.... t ..p.paOJ1 0";'0 -!. _
4
' .... 0"'.8 qx Al7iiO ,.1IpIIOII

~.
 ,1. 80.lCII 21

"i
2 l dt 2
- cos't ~
1/ l
!!..
4
1- tg t dt
(l+tg't)1 cos1t = .
,

3'.

x .... 2acost+acos2t. y=,2asint+asin2t ..

. , (l).

- ~ ~Xdl- ydx- 60'[(1 +/) d/ - 6 ....

221. Oreen,oBa .Jl . - ,. (,) Q(x,y)

~Q
All AII - -

, ' 1 (. 89). 81

(17) J(:~
h
-:: )dX dy =- (.)d + Q(x.y}dy
.
8 n'8 YJl Jr,OCPYKor
. , Iflf lf~rp.iAY.
. 8 ,.1).,

81
1.
:: dx dy, 811. ,.uoct '... '

f".f dx. -
. "dx '" .
." ...:'f~' '.......
. ,d' - "P(x.,,)dx - ""P(X,y,)d~ti.,;\;~,
1. .. ,. !'. '1,.'

f"

~- (,,)dx

-1 /1 .

P(J!;yo}dx.

1) .u(17)'lCiI jOat 00""-08& .... Rl,malln-oa .... ~~"i:

,. ':~"' ,),.,-(~~~ ,.~~:- ~~. ,
 22 r4

Jl
tI

f (, .) dx,_ f P(~'Y2)dx
Jl
tI

Jl
,.

-
Jl Jl ' 1 '. '.', -
(18) J~: dxdy= - (,)d,
1. r.
, Jl Jl Jl
(JI. 89).,

(19) f I:r; dx dy = Q(x,y) dy,

1.

Jl rJl . h
(18) (19), h Jl (17).
Jl,
u ~
. TaJti n8 (17) n
(17)
.
3' Q- , ... -, n, (17) (16)

2 dxdy = dy-ydx == 2 ,' ,

,.

m J 1 3 Q =- , == - Q - , -, 6h

JdXdY--d=, fdX dy = d=.

. '' 11

(17) . ' ~
-
" (. 153),

(,)d+Q(,)d='(dds + Q ddsY) ds =

- p(PCOS.+QCDS~)d$- ~'(PCOSi>+QSin.)d$,
 I On8 rern . 23

. (17)

J(~~ - :;)dX dy = <SIX+QsiIX)ds.

.

.((.'

. 153

IX' ~' i MN . .
, , .
MN,

cos IX cos ! + cos ~ cos ~' = cos IX cos IX' +sin , SiD IX' - ,

IX - IX' _..!:., cos IX =- sin .' ... cos ~', si IX - - cos IX' "'"' - si "
2

dx _ cos IX == cos~' = sin rr, -d y

= .
SlO IX ... - cos '"-=='- . '
810 t'
ds . ds

(~: + Q is)dS- (S~'-QSf1!)dS- '.

-= (si IX'- Q cos IX') ds,

n (17)

( :~ - ~:) dx dy - ( sin IX' - Qcos IX') ds

.
 . .

11.1111, l -,

f J(:~ +
.
::)dXdV= - (Si'+S~dS-
('

-- ( cos ~' +Qcos ') ds.

UAlu. - 10. l + 1'''''' 1, .

4V1d+61 r dy f
(121'-12 xyl) dx dy -= .
h
nI
20. l + .. l' - 1, llllll8
1 (17) Jl

(20)

. - , , -- (, ) _ 1
+
-
Q(, 1) - . a.u (20) , crau.a-
. I+

z- cos t, 1- ~ sin t,

ydx-xdy
. +. - -"2
1 .
cos t +
dt 1)
-.!.. sin' t - -
. [
tg 2
tgt]-f
-
4

. tg t
- [ t g -
2
tg
- arctg -
2
]8: [ 12. .
- - 21:.

2'
.. II

i)Q - ' l
-

- -
= (l+;-)I

(20) JI Jl.

l
1) - -2
dt
- - --
coaIl+ _ sln:t t
- - tg -tgt
2
.' .

4
..... te ~ t 2. ( 127, IleJi6).
 1. : r

1. - n :

1 0. d+ bxdy - ff (-) dxdy- ( -) ,

.

~ .

~. sin ydx+ " cos ydy == ff ( cos - " COS ) dxdy ... .
.

roe (, ), (1, ), (1, ; ) (, ;) t

. r yldx+ xydy - ff (- 2y)dxdy : - ff ydxdy =

'7 . .
+1 +1
=- f f
dx dy = ,
-1 -1

Ka.lpaT (1,1), (-1, 1), (-1, -1), (1, -1).

...~(2'-')d'+(1') d,- ~/ ('+)") dxdJ'-

+1 1=;,t
=- 3 f f ( +l)
dx dy = 32~ ,
-1 -11-'-
. r.le l + YI = 1.

rXyldX- xy'dy= - ff (y'+2x 2 y)dxdY "'"

"{ .

.l, (, ), (1, ) (1, 1).

60. n
. 1> -ydx
. ___ + - - - = 2,;
Xl+yl
xdy
l+l
26 rnaBa

l + l = ,. . ,n- nl (17),
= "'"

-
(,)=--, Q(x,y)----.
xl+y. + .

8 n
1 2 + . =,~ (. 154),
08. = '1'

6 I 6

+ =0. -
. 6

n8 2
. 154 ,n- n (17), .

+ = J(~; - :~)dXdY ~ 0,1)

, .

Q l_
--=-=-
(l+l)1

222. Jl Jl . - V
' (, ") .'

.
01
155
-

' Ouv, 11 (, ) n .
(. 155).
(21) x=f(u,v), y .... ,(u,v)
n .' .

') n

-- _, I
 1. ~ Jl 27

' 1 )
'" , 2 ' , (. 155).
:

10. h (21) '

.1)

20. ,(, 11) < (, ")

'.

30.

(22) = D(f,') +01)

D (, ")
'.

ii u" '(, 11)

(, ) 2 ' ,, U
.f:ACepy (, ' " . 155,
), .
.llu.

' Q ' ;
nh (22)
. ' .4)

, (15),

0= d,
lt

.')
.1l (21), h

. = dy
It'l
=
, u,
(':: du + f :: dv )
8' = + 1, u" (.
' " ), 8 - -1, -

) 'uv n '
1) 06n8 ' 6ull.
8) - ultBepsuiy .. f (, v) - rp (, v) ( 88).
') '; ' ', ' n
06n ( ' .)
. . ~ n
' uv.
Ii) n . .
28

(. .,
).

= t Q = f
' '
Jl
Q _ = ! +f 2 _ ! _ f 2 =

_ ! _ ! = .D, ) = ,
D (, )
2
(, ) --
v
. ', n- (17), h

= (t

du + , dV) =

D (1. ! du dv
D(u,
= II du dv
~~ I N

!. , = + 1,
Q . 1 )
!. ., = - ,
u. 2 ) , he
u !.
. .

= '"'I D (,
({, )
)
Idu dv = I!.' du
.
dv
' '

, -
( 202),
(23)

"k "" ' '

'.
-- ' (, ) ', ,
(23), (,)
TallK8 (uk, Vk) 8 (, ). , (23),

I DD (f(,~
)
1- lim
0'-+0 "
~
1) . 8 ' ' h .
8) . . ' ' h .
 1. 29

. (, v),
', '
(, v).

.lI; ().
-+
, (21), 8 ,
- ' Ouv (. 155),
' . '
,
2 + ' = ,2 , = , 2 = V
' C'uv,
., , Ov
u+v = ,2 uv.

D (,) = ~_>O
D(u,v) 4Vuv
ll.

223. -
' (. 155) I<
(21) (,.) .
a~, ... , n
1 1, (2"'" ( '. <. ,'"' -
h , , (23),

II)j = I D (1, '{') I<.;"

D(Ui' v;)
; V; (/, - t (, v,),
-= q> (, v;) .

F (, ) '-= F [t (, v), q> (, v)] = (, v),

,=1
- D ({; tf)
~F(,fJ)=~(,V;} D( . .)
,=1 " v,
I I'Ct),

, h r ,

F (, ) d (, v) ~ ~~, :~ l' d '

=
'
I

(24) ( (x,y)dxdy = (, v)/ ~~~,;~. \dUdV.

'
 30 Jl
>
\ .
. . . f!.po.AleHJbUBUX l1l-
.AI l1l.
, . .ll
.ll,
v, dx dy 14/ du dv.
h ' Ouv.
f(u, v) fP (, 1") .
, , 8.118
(24),
, h -
(21) .ll-
~ n = const.
1\ = const. (!! 201).
.Al6. - ,
-

(25) F (, ) dxdp

(26) -= , == (x,v),
.

r (, ) , v

.ll ' (, v) . 156

Oxv (:.II. 156).
. . r ' '
, ' (, v) (, ) "'" (, ).
' 1 ', .
' t C'xv~ r h ,
Kpaj~ .

r .ll (25)

(25') F (, ) dxdy - jdx ; (, ) dp ,

"
. yt . (. < .) r , 0.1 .
.ll

(F(X.P) dy
,.
 1. 8 1n 31

= , (, ,,), dy -

dv,
h 1',

(21) f F(x,y)dy= [,(,)]:: dv,

1'1

111 "2 = (, 11) loj ,

== I' == YI ( v ,

). , 4 '-
" "
(26), .

D (, ) D (, ) ,
=---=-,
D (, ") D (, ") "

(27)
h 11., . 11.,

J F(x,Y)dXdY - (;>1 /dV =

" 0/
r
F(x,y)IP(x,y)/dV.
D(x, ")
. 11. I'J

, (25')
. 11.

(28) (, ) dx dy =JdXJF(X, )/ D (, ) / dv = (, ) D (, ) dxdv~

D (, ") D (, ")
11. '

'... Oxv.

== f (, ") , v "'" v ,

(, >/ DD (,
I
(, ) / dx dv= (, )
") ,
I (, ) IIID (,
D
D
. (, ") D (,,
")
V)/dD dv,

" Ouv. ,
(!! 93),

D(x, ) D (, D (, ")
=--'---"-,
D (, ") D (, ") D (, ")
Al 9

(29) JJF(X,Y)/ D (,)/ dx dv -JJF(X, )" D (,)/ du dv.

D (, v.) D (. 11)
' , .
32

(25), (28) (29),

(,) dx dy = (/, ) IDD (,) Idudv

(, )
== (/, fP)/.DD (1, ')I.dUdV.
(, )
" -

. -- 10. == , =

20. 2 + . = 1 - l - r, =2 ,
dx dy = 8 ('- ') dudv,
'

' 2 +2 = 1.

11
.....
224. I{ D. -
ABOcTpYKor .
S .

(1) = (, ), = (, ), z = z (, ).

, z D v uu. 1 )
S ,
= st. v = st.
(. 157). eJI MNRT,

(u,), N(u+du,v), R(u+du,v+dv), T(u,v+dv),

h
(2) dp = MN sin6.
(1), - n
S

(3)

-1 ' (1) "

w S. lJ, (, ,,) , :! u""
(, , z) w OJi (.ll. 157).
(, v), (, ,,), z (, ") 08 80n
.ll'I { OIlll, oAFoBapa w .
 11. 8ll4 33

_ (~:)2 + (: + (:)1,
(3') {
_ (~:)2 + (:~)a + (::)8,
%

u+du,

O~ ______________________
11 - const. __

. 157
.

dx - -du
';)
;)
+ -d."
;)11

d1 - - .. + - ,
ll i), ,
'6Ii1 "
dz - - . + - d,l.
,

. (, v) Kptl80j tl - const. - . li8 , ... (3),

dsl- dv2: 118 '''''' con8t. ' dll - , 118 , DPeIII (3), dsl .... du.

(4) "

, .. (2), IUII8~r p&lluorpt MNI!T

(4') '; dp - sine.h- ' Yl-co .... dud'.
" u ..jaIIa u - cot. 11 - con, il n8
'(,II), . (1), 81118 '
i)x i)z'
dx--dll, dv--th, dz--dll, (du==O),
' ;), "3., "
;) ' : . - - - -------
dx - -diJ, d1 - -du, dz == - du , (dll - ) ,
iu i.
3
34
,""
<9~

~,O

~ (, v)

- = - = Z-z_ ',- = - = Z-z 1)

(5)
;;; ;;;
dv v dv ~ ~
, ~, "'1' ~1' I u = const.
v = const. (, v) , ,
Oz, , (5) (3'), L

;;;
v v-

cos '" = vci' cos = "' '

(6)
;;;

V cos R1 =" -=' V .
cos"" = ' t' 'v COSY1 =

= ~onst. v = const. (, v)
, (6) (3'),

F
cos = cos ,'" . COS 0:1 + cos ~ . COS ~1 + cos . cos 1 = --=,
V

'1 -cos2iI'1 =
VjEO-F2
, __
VEO
MNRT (. 157)
(4')
dp = V-2 du dv
. 110 v.
, (. 157) ht
~

(7) = ff VEO-F2 du dv,

'

2' Ouv, (1)

, .

- = 2+2+2 ,
1) v ~~ (, )
- - Z-z
--=--.,--
dx dy dz'
 II. 35

= D (, -) , = D (z, ) , = D (, )
D (, v) D (, v) D (, v)
'{

, (7)

(8) = ff v + + 2 (:2 du dv ,

iiu .

'6 z -= z (, ),
. ~ (1) u '"'" , v:oc ,

= , = , z =" z (, )
~ f"

z z
= - ~~ =-, = - - = - q, =l

(8)

(9) "~ = ff vl +
.
q2 + 1 dx dy,

dp = V2 + q2 + 1 dx dy
. u . , S -

! (, , z~ = ,
. ! ! ! !
- + - ... , - + - q = ,
z z

(10) """ ! v(!)2

+ (!)2 + (!)2
z d d
,
!
. z

1 (!)2 + (!)2 + (!)2

d V z d d
- !
z
.Ul Q .
v
*


(7), (8), (9) ( .

1.

. - h w n n ( l1 )

XI+~'+ZJ = RI,
w l +2 = 2 , ( < R).

p=-=~-,
()z az
q=-=-:;..-,
':
z 'z

. (9),

ff VZ'.J
=. + . 1+ ~
Zl
L dxdy =
Z2
ffR- dx dy =;R f 1/RI-{xdxdy+. .
Z ' l l)
. ."

~ n - , cos , = si ,
. dx dy =~p dp de,vRI- (l+') = 1/.RI- pl', ~ il w h
:2 CI

p-Rfd6f"VRI_pl
pdp ... 2~R[-VRl-l=27tRI-27tRlVRl-l,
.

n 1
z
~ l +=- l
-. = R h
= 2 ~RI, . ,
.... ,.
,
, ,,..--~
..'\ w nn,

,,
I
, w
;II w
nI( XI+yl_RI
l . w n
norfre h' = 4 : RI.
20. 08 - RKao

(. 158).

.
'
158
(111 xl+yl_Rx .... .
. w n8 n ( )
(12)
. . ~
n 1 ( m) -
. . ...--.. . ' .-..
, 08 (11) 8 x"+r-RI
 11. an 6 37

q (12) . (9)
h, ~ ,

IC
, 1 2"

= R dxdy = R'fdeJ pdp ,

VRI_(XI +l) VRI-pl
. pt

' 2
'It
""""7 ,
_ 08
- _ 8
- I I' KaK~

. - R cos , I =R 08 8,

. u lUl Ulln ,
Ul1n u.

,8lb. - h :

1. h '(12)

08 '08 -
( ) , . -

(11).

"2 9

_ VRI~d;x~:y2) = R d f "';/!?: = RI(; - 1).

.

2. Zl = 2 ( )
=, = , =, =

, 1
= ",_dXf f+
-===dy 4
= -(+)
_.
2 , 'Vxy 3 2
:,

3, l + l +,Zl - l ;.
) (. 98)

40. h 8 k
z = f () . Oxz Oz.
38

[ 1 , ] N [ 2 , ! ()] Oxz.

(13) -- cosD, - sin , Z = 1(1'),

-
.l' , (13),

ds' = dx 2 + dy2 + dz 2 = [1 + 1'2 ()] dp' +! d82,

, (3'),
== 1 + !, (}, F = , = 1'2
, (7), MN

(14) = ; 2 V1 + !'! () dp= 2n

~
!l
~
plV 1 + !'! () dp,

(!!140). 2, MN
Oz 6 2 ; l 1'2 (1'1 < 2)'
s ~ ,

ds Z = dps+dzl = [1 + !'! ()] dp2

(14)

2 !~dS'
=
l

(.N'!! 140). , m
, 2 = 2pz h
Oz (z = l = ) z = 2 = , (14),

= cos , = sin 6,
.

50.

2 + ZZ = 2
r
1) dlf, /i N
[1 ... Pt. l ... . Z1 - f {l) . N {II == PI. .... . Z. - f (112)
1 "" ' I-0 If 2 - . )'2 - .
 11. %, 39

~ ~ ~peHOCT
2. ,

'2" 2,.
21tp -
= 4fvp2+2px dxf ,{ dy - - - ( 2 V2 -1).
v2px- ys 3

60. h w

2+ 2 = 2, XI+Z2 '"" ,2.

2 +2 = 2

r r'-r r r'-r
1 =
dY = 8 '
8 r dx f .-- r -dx
= dy = 8 ,1;
z V,2 - 2
f
{I

Oxz
2 + Z2 == ,2 .

r '- . r -Y-~
P1 =8rfdxf!!!.=8'f. dx fdz=8,';
'2 - 2

w = 1 +2 = 16,1,
70.

(x l + y2+ Z2)2 = 2 (2 _ 2),

,-: (. 96)

( l +2)2 = 2 ( _ 2)
>
2 =all cos 2
,
'

___ "2 ~s2

= 4
w
r dx 11 2 + ! d = 4 d
, 2 - 2 Z
d
Vcos 2 -V cos 2 _ 2
- 2

80, w Z2 ~ 2
= 1, = 1
1 1

= -V~ dx (~~ + ~~) dy = 4 ~2 .

40 8

8
90. - +- = 2Z
fJ
2 2
- +- = 1
l

-= 21tao (2 "2-1)
. 3 - ,

= .. . .
cos% + l

100 z .... + = RI
h
21f -R

= f "l +2+1 dxdy= dO!VP*+l,dP == 2~[(R2+1)~f.!-1].

22!5. I<. - eO~PCKoj

8 (2 198) , 1'. ()
, 1: ,
Z ""1 {(, ), JlJq>, Oz,
h 2 }! (. 128).

2
,
dp = dxdy,
-ne da m 1: (. 128). r
~ dp,
z ... f (, ) I.

dv - zdp - {(, ) dxdy.

848 I- 38 1l84f111

(15) v - zdxdy- ! (, y)dx.dy,

. .

l tJp.N " 1kN.

sa. OMeI}eH m ';1 ~J'
,

Zs - {. (., ) , (ZI < ZS> ,

 ,
. 41

Oz,

V= fJ Z 2 dXdY- Z1 dxd y= J(Z2- Z )dd =-

2 . .
(16)
,.;,. JU2(x,y)-/t(,)] dXdy,
2
" 1:1
'

1:2 .

itt ~,
Oz ,
(16), Z1 = 11 (, ) z~ = 12 (, ) 1:.1)
. - 10. h

2 2 z.
-+-+-=1.
2 2 2 ,

9 h, (15),

81 V = z dx dy = 11V1 :-, :l
2 -
y~ dx
:! dy =
. .

!.-'---"_ _ _ __

f f
'

= dx 1/1 - 2 - l dy = _7t_G_b_c ')

V 2 2 6'

20. h , (12) ~
(11).
h

" Rcose
2"
~ V = JVR 2 -x2 -y2 dxdy =JdeJpVR2 -2 dp""
2
:Ir "
i "
= ~RI(I-Si8)d = ~R'(~ _~) = !!,R8 _ 2R8
3 323 6 9'

t) 1: ' ! II .
. 1 2 1:
ZI - 11
(:. ) Z. - 12
(, ), 1: ,
,! . 1:1 1:2 (
). ' 1: .
1:.
1) . (! 141).
42 (,

.

-
2 .
(11) ( .. 158). 8 h

2 :ri RI (2 R)3
v=-----
3 9'
. i ie i10 s il i llipeher
.

. - h :
10. 3 ~ + L +!.. """ 1

2'. 3, , n
= 2 "'" z - 2,

30. Oxyz (l,O,O)~

(0,1, ')).
n Oz. 3; ,
; z = +. ,

40. Oxyz' (1, , ),

(, ~, .).
Oz. 3,
lIaMa Z .. 2 + + 1 ,
l--
1

v- !!(X' +Y +l)dXdY '" dX!(X + Y +l)dY = ~. 2

.
 11. Jl 43

50. OB=R=2 (. 158). 3,

xt +yl-2x == , Oxz, xl +yt-2x =
nOBpWIiHQM z=x ,

2!
. . 4
V= l dx dy = cosJ sin d . d = 5" .
.

60. 3, ql + Zl = 2

x=~,
2

v'""
v = 4 dx V2px- d = .
' ..-------. 'JI;

7'.

l + '= ,1, X2+Z1 = ,2.

3

r v' r'-z' r

V"":" r ,2_ 2 dx
I(-- 16,'
dy = 8 (,!-!) dx - -3-.

'.

l + ' + z! =- ' , ! + ' = .

w,

"

9'. 3, 0 w

, 11:
1- = "2 ' z = cos cos ,

V= f

cos dx cos dy = : .

 . r

10. , 4 2+ zl=4,
,l( . + + z = 5,
1 2}'I-

V= f dy (5-y-z) dz = 10~-8

110. , . z = .
2 2 + 2 = 1, 2 + = 2 ,

v = JJXYdXdY
.
=~
24
.

111.

226. . - t (, , z)
-
Oz
(. 157). .l. 6. 6.2""
6.n N 1 (~j, 1), ~i) 6.

(1) ~ f(t,'1i,~t> 6.; = ,(e1J1)I'~l) 6.Pl+t(e2,1)2'~) 6.2 + ... +f(~",'1n,~") 6.n

;=1

, ~Pj, ~
(1), 6.;
, ;0 il1t UHi11erpaJf 1t
t (, , z) i10 il S

(2) , , z) dp = i; '(~,,1),,~j) 6. = i;-f(ei'1)" ~ 6.p i .t)

n-+ 1=1 t.Pi-+ =1
S

t (, , z)= 1 8 ,

. dp =
s
. S

= (, v), -= (, v) , z = z (, v) ,

1 Quv, ,

1) . . .
 . n 45

(2) ( 224)

Jf(X, , z) dp .... I [ (, v), (, v), z (, v)] ~Ea.<.. du dv

S {

! (x,y,z) dp = t[x (, v),y (, v), z(u, v)] ~As +81+ CS du d"

S ,'

2' Ouv I
.
S z - z (, )1) .
(2) ( 224)

I (, , z) dp - Jf(x, , z (, )] -Vpl +ql+ l dx dy,

S .

.
. -
, n
.

S n,
n . Tal
S jelK - .
; ... , 1010-
h .
(2) 88 , .
S n ~~ .yI),

" u "u' f (X'"Yf z)

1l0Ull s. ~i - 6, ~YI dw = dx dy,

f(x, , z) d= 1(, , z) dx dY;'

s s
1) =- , - , z - z (, ).
2) II r
(. 157), n l:.l jU l:.P}.
 46

-"
u , , z) -
s.

f !,(x,y,Z)d(J)1 = f f '(,, z) dydz, f f (X,y,Z)d(J)2= f f I(x,y,z)dzdx,
'
s s s s
OZ,
Oz S, dWl dW 2
dp, .

227. . -
S r Oz
(. 157). S :
.
Oz,t) 1
OZ.2) S h
'
Oz, I
Oz. l, (2)
S .

f
s
f l(x,y,Z)dp = +fjt(X'y,Z) dp,

fs f1(, , z) dp - - -sff 1(, , z) dp,

dp s.

' (, , ") dp = - ff
1 (, , ") dp,
+s-s
. .
fJt . ,
, . h

l' (, , z)dw= - I (, , ") ~OO,

f f 1(, ") dxdy ... - I (,, ") dxdy,

+s -
S r .

t) . opla ..
, . Ola ..
 III. 47

R (, , z) 8
, JIj .

ff R (, , z) cos dp,
s
S
r Oz, z = ,(,) S,

+ f f R [, ' (, )] dx dy, -f fR[x,y,Z(x,y)dXdY,

1. 1.

S.

(3) R(x, y,Z) cosydp - R (,, z) dx dy

s s
S
.

(, , z) cos (Z dp - (, , z) dy dz,
(4) s s
- s Q (, , z) cos ~dp = Q (,, z) dzdx.
s
.

Pdyd~+Qdz dx+Rdx dy
.s
.i1lllu u" 110U" ulll
S . , (3) (4), '

(4') JPdYdZ+QdZdX+RdXdY = J(PcoS(Z+QCOS~+RCOSY)dP.

s s
(Z, ~. I
. 1 )

1) Oyz; Ozx.
. dp h
Oyz, Ozx, dy dz - cos dp, dZ,dx - cos f3 dp, dx dy - cos dp.
 48

08 8
.
."
. - h

xyzdxdy
s
i + + zJ = 1 ,
>, ;;>.

Oz . .
S , 81
8 , .;

(81) Zl = Vl-x 2 - yl , (82) z:z = - "l- 2 _ l.

T~a r

xyzdxdy = xyzdxdy + 1 xyzdxdy.

8 ~
OCMQM ,

(5) f xyz dx dy = f xyz dx dy - f xyz dx dy ,

8 8. -.
- 81 .
(5) ,

xyzdxdy = l x'J-'.dd -
S h h
- : xl-'dd =

=2 xYYl-2 -.,
.

. + == 1
\,. 81 8 .
38 cmehomx-=s9, .v-p.sin6,
h '
ffXYZdXdY=2 lsi6s6Vl-pldd6"",
8 .

== 2sin26 l.- 2
' Vl-p1dp -15"

 111. 49

6",. - n :

10. _ w n :

2# R

ff S
xdp- f f
.
[+ q2+ 1 dxdy - R cos6d8 f V~~p2- ,
- ,
S nn X2+y2+Z1 -. RJ
;

l " dp = 1 2 Vl + q2+ 1 dxdy -4

f R
-2#
p'dp 21tR'
sin~29d8 VRI_ p 2 -'
R

-
s .

S nn X2+,.+ZI_RI _
Vxy;
1 1-)

SJXYZdP= (1- - ) Vp2+ ql+ 1 dd-V fXdxJ y(l-x-y}dy- :~,

S .

S w x+y+z .. 1 .

20. w n :

!fXdYdZ~YdZdX+2dXdY- [dY
1

! 1 t

dz+ jd1dX+ [dxf dy -

1 1 1

S ... ', -, z-o
- 1, = 1, z = 1 ;

JfZdXdY- !fZdXdY+ JJZdXdY88 ffZdXdY- ffZdXdY-

S st . 8 -.

-
-
JJV l----'dxdy-
.
--xyr
a 1Jl
-
l
.
v -
.
1 ----dxdy
l '"
n

fs JZdXdY-~: f "aI"'~~I-jiidd-
.
2.
2 -

- : d9 l - (1JIcosJ& + l Siiil)pl dp - : ;

,@ S 8 !!. .JI + l + ZI ' 1.

0'-
cz
."" IU8
50

228. s
.. -
, h (.N'2 220),
h
. ~
Oz .
8 2 ,
2 1 2 w ~,

zl=lt(x,y), Za=12(X,y),
~ ,
, L1 Lz (Q ).
. L
~. ~ (.N'!! 225)

v= ff 12 (, ) - ff 11 (, ) ff 12 (, ) dy - ff 11 (, ) dx
=
. , +~I -~I

LI ( ~ L)1)

1:1 ( ~).
~1 (
in ~), h .

(6) V= ff 12 (, ) + ff 11 (, ) ff z dy , =
+~ +~ ~

~
,
~.

(7) v = xdydz, v= ff .v d.i ,

1: 1:

~.
(6) (7), h

(8) V- ~f fXdYdZ+YdZdx+ZdXdY,
1:
1) 3 c~paHY 1: h '8.
 111. w Rn 51

' ~.
8 j~
,
,
Oz ( ) .
8 1; .
1;.1)

~, ~,
~ , (8)
. (4').

= ~ JJXdYdZ+YdZdX+ZdXdY = ~ Jf(xCOSCX+YCOS~+ZCOSY)dP,
~

dp .ftl1l u ~.

, n, . , 2 + r "'" ,
,Z = h, (8). .

~ ="3 --
2 Vrl_yldYdZ+"3
2 Vrt-x 1 dzdx+
dxdy:= --
Oyz OIVC '"

" +' +r +' +y~",

- :
h

dz ! - l dy + : dz ,.. - dx + : dx dy - , 11.
' -' -, -, -~,._".

229. ~epaJl" -

(9) f(x,y,z)dxdy -: JJf(X,y,Z)COSYdP

s s
. S, dp s.
08 (9) .!!
(10) = <1>1 (, '1, ~), . = <1>. (~J '1, t), Z .... , . <, 'I,~) ,
(, , z) S .
Taqa (,
'1. t) lt 8. , . TaqaKa
: w 8 S1 (JUYHUOIta. 8~ -
1) . 4 (8) ' JIUO nop
Jl' ... lpbUU IOpJUIUII ocaua, '!
Ta.u l'OlJh n (8) eiil llJlllqpuq.. noawua
-. -. z- .
52

m (9) , filll lllii (9)

f10ll
S .ll . lll. llili. : fi $1'
Tora, , , Z
, , ~ v '
' Ouv. 1 )
",~, ' S ,
, , Oz, ,

cos" cos ~ cos 11)

--;t = -- = = 2+2+'"

=- D (, z) , = D (z, ) , = D (, ) .
D (, v) D (, v) D (, v)
"1' ~1' 1 8 S1
.. O~, , O~,

COS"1 COS~1 COSY1 1

1 = :- = -:- =s VA~+B~+q'
,.
81 = D (~, ) 1 = (,)
D (, v) , D (, v)
(!! 93), l)
.... D (, ) r::r D (, ) D (, Q + D (,.) D (~, ) + D (, ) D (, )
D (, v) D (Yj,~) D (, v) D (~, > D (, v) D (;,7) D (, v)

1) , ,

; - Vl (, ) , IJ - VI (, ) , - . (, )
JUl u S1 h U ; , (10),
" S

" .. l (Vl' VIIt V.) - >"1 (, ) - ! (Vl' V2' V.) .;. At (, ),. z - , (Vl' VIIt V.) - (, )
1) + - ) ~ m S,
crpaHaa I. S.
')
_ D(y,z) _ D(y;z)D(1J,b) + D(y;z) D(b,;) + D(y,z) D(;,q)_
D~~ D~JD~~ D~~D~~ D~~D~~
. D(y,z) D(y,z) D(y,z)
)(, 1 + D(,;) 1 + D(;,q) 1,

D~~ D~~D~b)
------ - - - +D~~D~~ D~~D~~
-- - + - - --.-
D~~ D~JD~~ D~~D~~ D~~D~~
D(z,x) D(z,x) D(z,x)
.-- 1 +-- 1+-- l'
D (11, ,;) D (;, )
 111. m 53

= D(~,y) 1 + D(x,y) 81 + D(x,y) ..

D (1, ~) D (~, ) (, 1)

cos ""2+8 2 + = [D (!!) cosa;l + D(, ) cos ~2 +

D (1, ~) D (~, ) .
+ D(x,y) cosy ]V +m+2
D (, 1) 1 1 1 . 1,

i +, nw S ~OBapa
w S .. -, w
S S1'
, , z) du dv 2' Ouv, h

ff f(X,y,Z)COS ~2+2 + dudv = ff'(X,y,Z)[D (, ) cosa;l +

D (1, ~)
N N
(11)
+ D (, ) cos R + D (, y)cos .] 3++ ~ du dv
D (~, ) 1"1 D (. ) 1 r 1 1 1 .,

, , z , "1, ~ u v.
!< (.N'!l 224)
dp = V+ + CZ du dv, dpl = YA~+B~ + q du dv,
dp r w S dPl SI'
(11)

, , z) dp ~ l(rp1' >2' >) [DD (,

(, :) cos ;1 +
"')
8 ~
(12)
+ D (, ) R + D (, y)cos ] dp
D (~, ) 1"1 D (, "1) 1 1

II '

ff f(X, , z) dx dy = t<>1 , <., >i) [ D (; ), d1j d" +

D.{.1j, ,,)
8 8,
(13) / .
+D(x,y) d~de+ D(x,y) ded"l]'
D (~,e) D (, 1)
(12) (13)
w S w ~ w S1' +,
. ul1, -, -
u.
54

230. StokeS-8 . - S
r Oz

z , (. 159). 3
S
liuliiu-
110.41 MN i10U
U
r (. 159).1) r

, S
O,~-+ __________~~ " .

( z)
KilO

S, z= I (, )

S,
. 159 \f(X,y)
, ".

80 (, , z) dx

" Ji [, , < ( ) dx

, dx r .

[,,I(,)] = +l= +~!:.Oz=

dz

= _ ?, cos~ = [ cos __ ~! cos ~] _1_,

dz cos _ z cos

0:, ~, 2) 8 MN ..

) ffO MN 6.iep Oz . . lI
~ r u. -
S , . N. .
') II8 ' .
cos cos i3 cos 1
- - - - - - - - = -------
-- - q - 1 ~p2+q2+ 1 '

~ = _ . cos 1-\ = _ _
cos l' cos

, z qJ . dz qJ
=-"'-, q= - =~.
. :
 111. 55

, , n- (N'l 221),

,(- +,-dq)
P[x,y,q(x,y)]dx=- - dxdy=
, .

""" ( cos ~ - cosy)dX dy

OZ cosy
.

(, , z)dx f (:: cos (3- ~; cos )dP =

r .$
(14)
== (:: dzdx - :; dxdy ) ,
s
dp S.
,

MN, . bl
, z

Q (, , z) dy = (:; cos - : ; cos rt) ::

r s
(15)
= 55(:; -
s
: ; dYdZ)',

R (, , z) dz = 5(:; cos tt - :: cos )~ =

r s
(16)
= 5 (oR dz - dR , ) .
\
s '

(14), (15) (16)

+ Qdy+Rdz = 55[( dQ -

) cos + (dR _
'
OQ) cos rt + .

r s .
(17)
+ ( - - - dR) cos (3' SS(O Q . = '- -
- +
dz
s

- dy dz + (
+ (-oR - OQ) - - OR)
- dz ,
OZ az
 56

, StokeS-
S r .
. z = const., dz = , StokeS- (17)
- (17) (.N'!! .221)

d+Q = (:; - ::)dXdY.

s .

' Stokes- (17) :

1'. 3 =,
Q=x, R=z, r x 2 +y3=r2 , z ... O.
S . z =- + Vr2 -x1 _ y 2,

ydx+xdy+zdz = (1-1) dxdy + (-) dydz + (-) dzdx ==

s

2n

f
dx + dy + z dz = d~ + dy = rl ( t t - t t) dt = ,
r

z= .

20. 3 = 8, Q = 1, R = z, r S
,
2n r .
JX Jy8 dX+OY +Z dz- -3 2 y1dx dy- -Si2(~ cos~e dOJpli d@= _ 1t; ' - ,
r s '

f 2 . == -
y'dx +dy
2~ 2n

r' cosJ t sin t dt + r cos t dt= - 1tr'

'8- .
r

231. Greea- Jl iipOCTopy.l)

lllf V ~,

1) 'n llIl n OaUSS-8

 111.. 57

: .1 ) R (, , z)

:: . (

, .
~). ~ . ,
2 11,

fff::dXdYdZ =< R(x,y, z.) dXdy-ff R(x,y, Z1) dxdy=

. . .

= fJR(x,y,Z2)dXdY - ff R (x,y,ZI)dXdY ,
+~I -~1

, 8 (
) ' ~I'
() ~1'

f:: dxdydi = R (, , }II) dxdy+ ffR (:' , Z1) dxdy-

~ ,+~ ~
(18)
:;: Sf R (, , z) dxdy ,
1:
10 ~.
(18) ~, 8~1 ~.
8 , .

' Oz, SSR (, , z) dxdy

Jt . .

, z oQ ~JI
v
(19) :: dxdydz -= (,. z) dydz,
~

(20) JJJ~; dxdydz = . Q(x,y,z)dZdX:.

~

1) , ll
II.
58
...
h (18), (19) (20)

(21) JJJ(~: + ~; + ~:)dXdYdZ = Pdydz+Qdzdx+Rdxdy,

h

n- ,
110 ~. ' ,
n- .
~, ,. I

(21) =, Q=R=O Q-y. P=R=O

P=Q=O, R=z, h V ~ (!! 228)

= fffdXdYdZ= ffXdY'dZ= ffYdZdX= ffZdXdY

.

= dxdydz ... ~ xdydz +ydzdx+zdxdy.

.

(21)
(!! 227)

ff (~ + ; + ::) dx dy dz = ff ( cos 1% + Q cos ~ + R cos ) dp ,

h

dp ~ 1%, ~ 8
~ .

n- (21) :

10. x 2 dydz +y~dzdX+Z2dxdy = 2 } (x+y+z)dxdydz = ,

~ : + 2 + ZZ = 2 ;

, 20. xdydz+!dzdx+zdxdy = 3 dxdydz = 3 V = 4,8 1t

h
~ .

232. . - , , z
. V,
~, Oxyz; ~, 7}, ~
', V',
 111. 59

w ~', oeYj~.
.

(22) = ~1(~,1j,), = ~2(e,Yj,), z = ~a(~,1j,~)

. Jg '.
:

}. h . (22) ' '

110 . , . .
uu.
20. ~1 (, . ), ~2 (~, , r,), ~. (~, , )
. . .'.

30.

(23)

'.

, w
w ~, w w ~, , '
w ~, . w w ~.1)
' V ' ,
th . n
n ' , . 2 )
3 V n w n (N2228)

(24) v = zdxdy,
k
n w w ~ .
(22), w n
n (.N!! 229)

V = ~ ~3 (, '1/, r,) [ (, ) d1j dr, + D (, ) dr, d ~ + D (, ) de dYjJ

. D (1), r,) D (, ) D (~, 1) '.
k'
w ~' , + -, . n
1< n . n- n
n. n, .h

V=fff{~[ O(X'>1]+.~[ P(x,y)]+~[ D(X'Yl]}d~d dY

o~ ~3 0("1, r,) ,,! ~8 D (, ~) 'S D (~ .,) 1:,
,'

1} k.,' r k.
Z) 3 (23t
(22) N.!'222.
60

, ,

(25)

+,
, - ', V .
, u u,
l!. .

(25), ' ,
"
V = ; V' D ('P1~'P2' (P.s1
D (~k' 1 k)

(26) V = , D ('2, ') /'

ID (~k, 1Jk, ~)
~k' '1/k, k . '.

233. . -
.' V V'
. (22), f (, , z) . .
1 , a z , ... , n ,
lX , 1X2 , , IXn '. V; V;'
h ~ , IX;. , (26),

Vj = v;,I D ('1,_'2'')[,
D (;" ;, .)
~; I ;, , V;.

f (, , z) = f (q>t (s, , , '2 (~, , ), ,' (~, , ] = (~, /, Q,

~f(
~
) '~P(I:.." ;, y)I
/, /, Z, V/ = ~
D
:,; D (q>I,'P2,q>s)l'
(1:. -: ~.-).- V,
,=1 ,=1 .. " " ,
. !, h 8 ,

(27) f(x,y,z)dxdydz= fffp(~,YJ,QI D~'/i,~:'~3) /d,d'lid .

. .:'

u
.
-,
, , , z
~,'1/, , dx dy dz 1l!.1 d~ dYJ d .
 . WiI n 61

, Oxyz wh 8'
O~,. 1' '2 ' ~ 3
. 1 ).
, , '
(27);
Oxyz, ' h (22)
w ~ =- const., 7 = sonst. = const. (!! 206).
(27) f(x,y,z) = 1, h F(e,7J,bl =-1, -.,

(28) V = fffdXdYdZ = (CP(,CPI' ') Id;d7d,

(,7, I
1. 1.'
dv - dx dy dz .l1l V . Itl1l.,

dv = D (1' '2 '.) d~ d7J dt .l1l . 'V ' Itlt

D(,7,)
Itl1l..

ds2 .- dx 2 +dyl+d"z2
, (22), 1
ds2 == Hl.del+H~ d7JI+Ha d 2 +2F1 d1d +2 F2 d d~+2 F. ded7J,

~ ()2 + (!)2 + (~')2 = ('1 )1 + (!)2 + (D'8 )2

1 ~ ' I 7 7 1'

;" (1 )2 + (.)2 + (. )2, F1 = ~CP1 ~1 + . alP2 f . '.,

. 7 1 1

, =- ! ! + .. + , '_ F _ '1 ! + . ,! + ' ~"

~ ' , 7 7'
,..!. ,. ep'12 . .
~ ~

[ 0('0'1' .) , . ,. "
]2 -= , . F1 - ,
D(e,7J, . 7 7 ,
!1 ,.
. 1 .
- ~
(28)

(29)
1.
1) n . 38 8U
.
62

dv - ' d.e dYj d~ . F1'~F2=F=0,

~ = const., 1 = const., ~ = const. , .
.

ds 2 = 1 d;2 + 2 drj'l. + d~"

.
(29)

V= SfSv. de dYj d~ ,
'

== sin cos , = sin sin , z= cos ,1)

(28)

v = pISi~edpdedcp,
'

dv = 1'1 sin dp dO dq> V u.

(2 206).

IV.

234. . - (, )
" , 1
(!! 74)

(1) du = -- dx + - dy.

(., ) Q (, )
" .

(2) . P(x,YJdx+Q(x,y)dy
h (, ),

(3) du P(x,y)dx+Q(x,~)dy.

h (1) (3)
, (2) (,).
,

(4) -=(,), -=Q(x,y),


" 2 Q
- - - ... - = - - ... -
dy

1) (22).
 JV. 63

.== Q
__
(5) _

12'
, (2) llf
l (, ), .l '
(5) 12'
' (5) , h (, )
(3). (4)

f (,)

(6) = dx+ q> ()'

12 ()
. (, ) (3),
' .

- = . ->
-dx+ = Q(x,y)


, (5),

f Q dx + dydq> = Q(x,y), Q(X,y)-Q(,)+ddq> = Q(x,y)

'

q>(y) = fQ(Xo,Y)dY+C,
'

"
' . 3h
() (6), h s '.
.,

(7) u(,)- (, ) dx+ fQ(Xo,Y)dY+C,

10

(3).
.
8 (3)
..
64

~ ~ ~OM, .

(, ) = ~Q(x,Y)dY+ [" (, yo)dx+C.

70

lI.
.
r - . h
.
-

. (,, z) ,
Oxyz,

(8) du = - dx + .,.- dy +- - dz
dz

(, , z) Q(,, z) R(x, , z)
l n .n Oxyz.

(9) (, , z)dx + Q (, , z) dy + R(x, , z)dz

i (, , z),

(10) du = P(x,y,z) dx + Q(x,y, z)dY.+R(x,y, z) dz.

~8) (10)
, (9) 8 (, , z).
, ~

(11) - - P(x,y,z), - .... Q(x,y,z), - -R(x,y,z)
- z

(12)

_; z

.,. (9) ui!,

1lll U (, ,z),aompe6Ho U U1
(12) .lt ltallBO , , z ,.
_ "li (-, , z) h
(11). .
"
(I) ..... (,,z)dx+cp(y,z),
"
 JV. 8 8n 8n8 65

, fP (, z)
z. (, , z) .i
(10), ..
r
-du ...

f11:

-
d x + -afP

= Q(x,y,z),

"
_ _ d+fP_R(,,z),
ijz

~z az
.. (12),
ijfP
--R(x.,y,z).
z

h
lDl dy dz , h

fP
-dy + --dz == Q-(,,z)d+R(",,z)dz
bz .

8 (, z) :
, (7)~

(., z) ..., f (, ,
)10
Q
.
z) dy + R
z.
(," z) dz +,
r Zo
tl z.
(JI fP (, z) (13), h -
.
" z
(13') (, , z) = (, , z) dx + Q( , , z) dy + R ( ' . z) dz + ,
" '. z. '.
,
(10). . , , Zo
.

u.. -

+ d ....
+ dy,
x~+y2 2 +2'

~~:+ Q (, ) = ]_-__
(, } .;=~ .c..~""';'2-+"':-2 . 2 + 2
5
66

ytJI08 (5) ,8 .Jl~fI.~I*JIUt,

. (7). .

= .!~aY
+ .
..ax + .. +
'
. . l'

. u = ~ log ( + 2) + tg ~ + .
2' "

6. - -:
10.
(2 l +2 + 2) + (! +2 +3 )
.l 8.18.11 t} ..
2'
.,,-~ + 2 + + +.
3.
20. ,
(3 l + 2 ) + 2 ( + )
. I ',.
'

"= (3'+2')+2 JYdY =x'f-2xy+yt+ .

30. 3 n= l'
- '. +.
+ -'---
(' + )'! (2 +y2~1I

h . . ll

.' ' -"'~' ,1Og(xJ -+ ') +" 19~;+.c.

40. 3 -= -1

+22 _ 2 + 2+ '
(2 + )! ( +)1
. ," " " ,:
h " ,

-
u=---+.
+2

50.
'3 3-
" - - - - + -:--.-,-dz
Z, z Zl
 JV . IIJI ,1I.n 67

ll8.-n
:-3
u=--+.
z
25. . - (, )
Q (,) an "
Gn " (. 180). n n
'

(14) Pdx + ~dy

. .

(,) (+4,)_ .
-----

.
. 160 . 161

!" n (x~, ) (,) " -<:1

" ~1' ll, 1 ~ii
n1' . crh . , lI ..-
.n9 .8 . (14). . aerpan (14)
. ' ll .....
. .IfIlQ .ll. an (14) 8 8
811.. .
'tleKa. : I " " IJ
. (. '160). ~n (14) 811 8 -
n . I l:ln9 . . 1 lI
n . ll . 1 .. .,
n .

n; ,n

(') d+Qd - Pdx+Qdy + Pdx+Qdy

L
1 . 2
5*
68

L ~ I . , ll.
Oree!l-Q n (!! 221), n

d+Qd = JJ(~ - ~~)dXdY'

L

n n ' II L.
n n,

(15) Q _ =0.

n ~, n ,
n n (14) h n I n
1 , , (14').

f Pdx+Qdy + fPdx+QdY'" ,

1

3
n

f Pdx+Qdy =- f Pdx.+Qdy = f Pd~+Qdy.

cr- ': :-
n I . 01l
, lI II Il
I

ll ll. JlUI mellJI (121) . ma

l u. BeIt . f'u U1 ,
, lll1l uU1u (15), .
uU1ll. l. 0111 u
(, ).

.
n Jl (14)
,
n

Pdx+Qdy = fdD = u(,)-(.,,).

. ....
( , .) . .8 (, ) Oll.8,
(14) nII (15) . 8Cll1' r.lllO lI
n
(,,)

(16) (,) =- f Pdx+Qdy.

("11, ,;.>
 IV. n n4 69

1{, (, ) Q (, ) .,
(, ) . ~XJ h
, h
(+,)

u(x+~x,y) - u(,)". f
(, )
Pdx.

hJl ( , ) (, ) I1 .
, (, ) (+ ~x, ) flf.1I
(. 161), dy=O.1> cpeloj JI
(!! 128) . h .
_(x+~x,y) - (,) = P(x+9L\x,y), 0<9< 1 t

~x
, L\x .... , Q

- = (,).

"JI
.
- = Q(x,y).

, (16) .8JlIi .$.IJlJ1
Jl (, ).
(16), .
(15),
(, .v.)
,
h ~
1 u -
(; 162).
1 = dx ==
.
(16)

.0
'.
. 162
.

1 dy = . C1QI
(16) lIJl

fP(X,y)dX.

(, ) (+.1, )

u( + , ) - SPdx + Qdy + SPdx.

(., .) (, )
 10

. .

u (, ) _(Xr~ dx + Qdy =- (. ) d~ + Q ( ) dy -: ,
~,~ ~ h
. (,7);

U)f. -.'t.ll

J2XY'd~ + rr (ly'
KpllBey Q ,

"'- c}Q...;6 2;;...... 2 =0.

} .

. ,

~~ %,
(,) = 28~+22d = f,2x y1 dX + .. 2 d = l+.
(0,0)

8. - .II

,, :
1. .ll .
' . dy-y dx
",r+r
)( KOj~ce
' II '
8,' .
(15) ni. (.'l) ,

. 163 fX:~:~dX = + +,
;,-" MoNo ;;;.

f
.
dy - dx ~c
2 +l
+ f + 4
.. NN;No N.M.

h h

dy - dX_ _
+ 2
f dy -
.x:l+ 2
dx
4: \,

.ll
. ,. Jl, -
 IV .U 81eillUlf8n8
------.--~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~----------~------

8,: 6iI'llitrd8 ' .. > 8.11.

,et8JlJt.:'+,r";"lli8iJ l)
,

(i;H
20. ,J2xy~-:.~J~y= 1,2). = ~
(.') . ..... . . . .

(3.4)

f
..
YdX
(1;-:-2)
...
-'
.~ .. = +-'
"
101),
.== -5
.

'~d~'~~d-:-2 I I + I I - 1
'. '.

,,)." .' "~;1" ..

siny!x+~toS ydx= [ .$iL = sin
(.!) ,. '.
- '~ (\ ~ ~ .
.);. ~,~.

6o .rf\X- d.~-Xi~d~:'-'4) x~l,y- l.

W .( +}l)1 .

. ; 2& rpa.8. - .-':' . P(x,y.z).

Q (x".z) ;R.(x,Y;ZYHenpeaAHe 8
.}' 11l.. . . w ~. I<Jl
'I'Il
11.
(17) fp'q'X + Qdy + R iJz
.

~ 8Q ,( t')1.,Zo} . (.x,:y,z) 1.' .

' 1 l.I
(11) He~e "II.() ;". ,
' ,(,'}'. z~)'.M(x. y,z) ~. ~
, ' h< .i (17),
' s. L, .~Jl . ! -

1) .. cdst . ;;. sl t.
1) , . ]" (. ;';'" *.

)
, ,.' (.:.'
.. u ... -,1...,., "'

'~J oBJie'~;(lP..;dQ:..

72

1 ., ,
' . .
StokeS- (2 230), (17)
P~H~ L n

[
(Q

- ) dx + (R _ Q}d d; .+ ( - R) dz dX]
z z
~1

2::1 " L. lJ.l{ 6h .

Q _ R =
(18) - --=-0,
z

- . .
, (] 7)
%

" (xo,y,z)
rt .
,
. n, ,
(18),
(,,%)
II (17) ':'
( . ,zo) l. (, , z),
O~------------------- (13').


I.ll( 17)
, I " 2
.ll
. 164
II (. 164).

f
u(,, z)== (,, z).dx+
,
f
)'0
Q(xo,y, z) dy + [R(Xo, , z) dz + ,
Zo

1 dx = , dy - , 1 2 dx = , dz = ,
" dy - , dz = . .IIl s
(13').

237. . -
, -
. ~:
(, , z), (, , z), (, , z)
.ll . OMe~eHoj -
 JV. Jl. 73

~. ~1 Qw
L. .

(19) dydz + Bdzdx + Cdxdy

1:1
w ~1 01\ L.
w ~1 110 KOHT1peL,
n w
~1 :.t ~II n L 8n8
n8 ,. n- (!! 231),
(19) 81/:
n

'(-)

+
+ -.

-) dxdydz
dz
.'

n !' . n,

(20)

n . , ,Jt8
w n (19) 1:~
L.'

(, , z). B~, y,i), (", z) n

(21)
R Q
----,
= dQ_
z "

n (20) n (19)" .. 8to-

kes- n,

Pdx+Qdy+Rdz, "
L

caM~ L w ~1'

(, , z), Q(x, , z), R(X,J1, z) n

(21), '

+ / . Q +t R + t
' , oi '
r t (, , z) , , Z,
74

, R(x.v;z) '"'= , &. JJ:B~<O

. (21)
z z
= 8(x,y,z)dz+f(x,y), 'Q~ - (,, z)dz+cp(x,y),
Zo Zo

{(, ) ~ (, ) 80iI). 'lJ .:

'' Q . (21), h" ...'.
Z

. ' (:48 ') "3qJ' . f

- "" \
-- dz"' "- "';'
+" - d",z '-r-,'"" =,'" ," .,(. ,z)
, ,- ,-

~ ZI)

, (20),
,!> . f,
, -. -,...,..- ={, y,zo)'
"
f (, )
< (, ) . : ' ;
~

, ' ~Jl

(22) JJ~dYJi;~~~_;:;~:)~~dXdY
. '.~' "" , .' ,.,
.
~,'lBOpeHoj' :i ,
' ~. ,
, (20)" }f., ' ~
2 + . + Z2 "" =,:t1(s (22)

,: f xdy dz,+y dz 'dx +zqx dy'~ 41t.1)

k
 '3 r !1 ,
FOURlER-

28. nlt . ~. '! () u,

w =F {( + (1) = f () .
(1) ,llu' f( ((). Q)
1(), h 2 <.u, 3 ~ 4 , , (l) , . '
f ( +,2 ) -== ( 'CU) + ] 'f{x + ) == (), . : . ,",
H~ +w) = ff{x +(..,.l).]+ }~fl+ (- l)]:::

, =:" f {[ + ( - 2) ] + tt>} = + ( - ~) ]= .. = f(x),

, . ,

. ,' , IIl. , f ()
-), '- 2 ,.,., ,~n (, .

f ( - f [( - (1) + -f(x),.,.
) =

-n ) = t[(x- (3) + =- {[- ( -l)] .,.,

7= f [~- (IJ -2) (1)1 = ,. ',= {{),

. , f () li
(1), h w ~
, w' ' ll.Atu1i (1) f1lUl1U ~
' . ( ,
~~ 080, ~ , ~ ~:~, .,
.. IfHTepJ;lY ( ]. r nR~I(8 he lUljQ ..
n8 (1),2(1), . ;' ,.,., -2, ..
l:
. "
10. .u uuu 'u (-
) . ,_
- , = t () - t ( + (1) ,
. .
76 r n

20. l1uu uu l1udu uu lli.

l1.

+ ) = !(),

-
1lm f(x-+ 00+ h) - .f(x + ) = l'lm ! ( + h) - ! ()
- !' ( + w) ~ !' ().
-+ h ~O h .
30. iiuu u! () w ulliu,

a+1D

(1) ! () dx =

f

f(x)dx.

+ +

! () dx =

f

f(x)dx + ! () dx

+ ! (x)dx

= t + , h
(1). (1) .
= ). (1) ,
x+h=y,
Jt+w h+

[!( + h)dx =- [1 () dy = [1 () dx = [f(x) dx,

h .

40. u..ulliuu uu l1u uu . lliu l1epuo-

ull.
j~ F () t (),

+ .

(2) ( + ) - F ().= fl(t) dt -- 1(t) dt =

f

F(oo) - F(O),

'F () = F~O), . F ( + ) == (). , ~

1
() = 1 ) + cos 2 11:
F () = +
si. . , (2),
x+a.r a.r
2 11: = ( + cos ) dx = f ( + cos X),dX'=- 2a'lt,

 furlr- ') 77

, , ,

( + 2 'It) + sin ( + 2 'It) = + 2 + sin 4= + sin 2a~ +

, ,

2a'lt+sin 2o=2a'lt4=aO+sinO 2a'lt4=0,

F () = ,.: sin .

) = sin ( + ), f () = cos ( + )
2'1t
-,

f ( + (&1) = sin [ ( + ) + = sin ( +- + ) = sin (.( + ),

{( + CI) = cos [ ( + CI) + ] = cos ( +- + aCl) = cos (( + ),
2'1t
38 w = 2 'It, . W = - .

{() ~ tg ( + ) I {() = cotg ( + )

~
-,

f ( + CI) = tg [ ( + ) + ] = tg ( + + ) =tg ( + ),
f ( + ) = cotg [ ( + ) + ] = cotg ( + + : cot& ( + ") BCI)

'It
) ='It, . W =-

{() CI),

.h f (kx) Q ; ,

/[k (~+ :)]='/(kX+CI)):=f(kX).1) '

239. OpTOOH&JIe . - . .
[, , ( < ) -
(3) '1 (), /2'() , , /,. (),. '"

1) kx ... ,

f(k) -1() - '( + 01) == f(kx + ) - f lk ( + ~)]

'78 -.

(3) (filfl, .,..},

.~ .

(4) 'm ({) dx = , =F n7{m,lJ ... l,2, . ~)

. ,,,() ( :=-1'2' .. ) , n
[, .8~ii , 8 (3)

(5) '~ () dx = kn " ( ":'1.2, ...),

k,. > . kn - 1 = 1~2, .. I .

, {3 HOPAfrUPDH. , () -,
DD .., ' ... "
, (3) h lJlJ.1l' (, ],

(6)

{
!tn ) ( ) d
=
,
{ =Fn,
I=
("",
, ' =
"1 , 2',.; ..
)"

,. r Jl 1
. , lI (3) .8
(4)' (5), 8 . (4) 11
(5)

1 1 1 '
,,-Im
,km
() ,,-/,. () dx -=-=Jlm {x)fn (x)dx =
, kn Vkm kn
= , =F 11,
'
~ '

'

,f [v:,. '"

(X)JdX .~;,.J [1 () =:1,

( = 1,2, ...).

(3) lllt
"

1 1, 1
-= 11 (), ....... I.,,(x), ... , ; " ',. (), ...
Vk1 V ks , kti

' 4 , u (, ).
 1:9
~VlkwrOt,Ut8fl ( 1n (;i''~l1;',

~ k, - V!t., ) ~x.., i 11f.II; .(~, ~ 1, ,,,,;',

IIfnll = 1 ("", 1,2,3, ...) () j{'~pilio~opliup~H~:':
u.Atu. '""'7.1~~ "" .,
'. '. ,' " ~ ":" ,~. '. '':.' ',: \ -1" ~". i:'- .. '
1. sin , sin 2, ... , sin n) . ..
".~;::, ,.:,(~II:-t!1.g.',20}i ,::Q.. (4)., ' ,'~ ,: ;.>'.';:
,' " .("', ',,,,'.;'
1 1. 1. t) 1.
,/_ " ':-=: $~ ; ,-/_ 6:~ X~ : ; " .::,..... I n,..
,2 3' ' ''V3t "
~ ~ [, {l t 21], fC.JI~e (6).
2'. ~*';' !.' .... ';" 'i, '.,! (--, ,. '; '! '

" :(:n.,:, ,; ,.,' ,,'\ ")!;",~qf:~x~cR~~x"~:i:,;;~8~'~i~"U,,,;<~.; ii': " '. ' .

,.,
~.

Jl [, + 2.) , soiS!"Jlii' ~ (4). 'Ii~

.,,' i}:',: I,.')I, . 1)li ',.\ ,.,'\-- ,\:',' ':"1';' ",." " <:
(7) -==, ,,_ cos , ,,_ cos 2 , .. , ,,_ cos n, ; :'.
V23t , , ,
>,;. ~ . . \ $'!','; . . . "-\ ';.: 't- ;', ~. ':~ ~ . '.'>~
;;:-;:. '! _. \ ,', _) . ;

OpmOHOp.AtupaH [, 4 +2r.), (6).

~. tt'l':t E,{lipJ,q;.:0"o}: "'." ",,~;,,/ "';:;;;:':;:

1, cos , sin , cos'2 , sin 2 , ... , cos , sin , ..

{. ~ - ",' ::. . ",.' 't :' , .; ~: ~ , .; . :1.,: ", ,- . "." ",
m, -""!- 'YCJU>8" (4): 1~

:';1 :~";,; <\ V~~':/iifj~~~!:"f/i.;~:~'~"r~'l~'l~~'~"Jfl2f,.~i?~~!/ '\';", :i ,,',

"

. [, + 2 )" (6).
[4". ~,.'8IIPd!'~f4:-~"If~",.(!>~),6~.;,It~1.,,4'.:),~..:;,:', ii,
d (x~:';'lj:"'H; i:f".::. J(j2":(xi':.2l)t' ~;ti:,:,; '1 : " " ;'.1': (,"' :"
(8) l () - , () = , ... ,
dx dx'
'('.");:~ 4.:(~;-':4)n, " .,." )~ , " ';': ,:':,.
- ,. ..,...
dx n
80

u [- 1, + l.

(1 - 2) " - 2 ' +'"11 ( + 1) "'"

d
(9) -[(I- 2 )'+(+l)=, "",,().
dx

() " () Lgd- I(
(9)

d .
- [(1 - 2 ) '() + ( + 1) PIlI(x) =0,
dx .

d
dx [(1 - 2 ) ,,' ()] + ( + 1) . () = .

" () ()
, , h

d ' d
" () - [(1- 2) ' ()] - () -[(1 - 2) ,,' ()] +
d-c dx,

+ ( -) ( + + 1) m () " () = .
. - 1 1

+1
( - n)(~ + + 1) f 111 () " () dx = ,
-1

. ,
-
+1
f () P,,(x)dx == , 9= ,
-1

. Lgd- u. h -
, 1 ) -
 Furlr- 81

+1 +1 +1 +1
f PS,. () dx = ,. () II () dx - f z<") z(n) dx - - f z(,.+I) z(-l) dx -
.-1 -1 -1 -1
+1 +1 +1
-f Z(n+ l ) Z("-I) d1: = ... =( - 1)" f %(1,.) z dx ~ (- 1)" f 2(';') (l - 1)" d~ -
-1 -1-1
+1 +1
- (- 1)", (2 )! f (2 - 1)" dx - (2 ) I (1 - x l )" dx = f
-1 -1

.:!.
1 2

= 2 . (2 ~)I f (1 - x:')"'dx 1 ) - 2 (2 ~)I f 81n ln + 1 t dt ..

, (2)l! 2 ' 2
- 2.(2 ) = - - [(2)lI)l- -(2", n1)2,
- (2:+l)" 2+l 2+l

O.IKne Lgd. OnII 'HOp.fCUpau, n - I

ll, . Lgd-
nII

,. () _ _1_ tJn (l -l)"

2" ! dx"
5'. ll
~x
1, 08 - , 81 - ,
. ~x
, 05...--,
n1tx . n~x
510--,
,11 1 1
, [~/, + 1), S8J10BoaBa (4). ll

1 1 "" 1 . "" 1 "" 1 . ~x

-
2/'
--08-
1 ' 1 510 1"'" v1 08 -1-' Sl I '

.fCu [-1, +1), n (6). ".

240. Fourier-OB . - n

1 ~ .
(10) - + -~ (,. 8 + ,. sio ),
2 11=1

ll "n ,. ,. . u
.lllpullu . (10) [, . + 2",,],
np

1) 187, i, 8'.

ll8'l.......... 6
82 r

t () 2on;.t) ,
= ,
[, + 2 Jt], =- . + 2 k ,
+ 2kJt (k ).
. (10) u
[, 2on;], f (), .

. .
(11) ) - ~ + ~ n cos + n sin .
2 n=1

h f () , n , N ( = 1,2, ... )
(11). , / 1.l0uu (11).
, (11)
2Jt, h :!)
2n

11 () dx = on;'a o

n ( = 1,2, ... ), IJ (11)

cos ) ( - 1,2, ... ) q.., 2on;.
,

1
(12) "2' cos , sin , cos 2, sin 2 , ,

2n 2n

f 1() cos dx- n COS2 1JX dx = Jt n , ( = 1,2, ... ).

-

, . n( =1,2, ...),
(11) sin ( = 1,2, ...)
2. ' , Jl (12),

2n 2n

f f () sin dx == n f sinJ dx = 'IC n , ( ... 1,2, ... ).

1) cereHY
. . 2n,
(, 211').
2) (11) (, 2)', .
(! 168).
}
(26) (0,2.) :
~CI os n ( ... 1,2, ... ),

R n () os n R n () (11).
 Furfer- 83

ll ., (11)

=-;
2

'
1 ) cos n dx,
,
, (n= , 1,~, ... ),

3Ir ..
N = ~ t () sin n dx , (n-l,2, ...),

8.11 .ll
3Ir

= : t (1) cos ntdt, ( == , 1, 2, ..),

(13)
3Ir
1 '
-,. = ~ f(t)silltd/, ( .... 1,2, ... ).

(13) (11)
f (), " ,. ( == . 1, 2, ..) ,
IIY.lla (13) Fi- I&lli llie ),
ll fll -
). (13) BalI , ~ n
. t () .ll
[O.2o].t> Jl '[ ~e . ;- t ()
II k. f ().
u;- f(x) ' '
. f () .ll

,
t (),...., -.! + ~ ( cos n + ,. si n).
2 11=1

. f () Poje-o~ .
. .,...,," .ll ==...
.~ f(x).
~Qll rll (10) 1I0
' .ll .
I

= - n sin ,. = n cos'n
. B.IIII
... ' cos n't ,. = ,. sin ',
, .- (10)

.-! +~ [" sin (n - )] .ll .-! + ~ [t" cos (n - ,/).
2 11=1 ,2 11=1

, 1) f () cos n f () sin n qe Jl.

 84 r

r -

.,1 2
'
+ 2 tg
.
= _
" '
tg~' = -.!!.

TaK~,

"i +-". - - l
COS .... Sl lx = ----
22

(10)

<.

llII ' II

k
n' = 2
~J' () -"i dx.

241. lI t () si kx dx, t () cos kx dx. -

t ()
[, ( ) a:k. . ..... <
/lJl k ... . '
10. !i t () lll1lu U1D.ep8tUy
[, ,1>
.
(14) lim
k-+oo
rf () sin kx dx = , ! () cos kx dx - .
k-+ao .

1) .u f () (, , h
If ()\ (JIF.! 125, 50.).
(, .
~je If () I f () (! 190).
 Fourler-O.8 ~. 85

.n n [, ) .n
, , n
, - "
t () ' [, ).

,
(15.) ~ ( 1 - ;) (I - I_I) < -. (i > ).
;=1 2"
. ; .. ; . (() n
[Xt-l, {. l )

{ %

(16) Jt(X) sin kx dx == t

1=1
! () sin kxdx = I (~I-I) '
1=1
sin kx +
%1-1 %1-1

+ f'f[t(x) - 1(I-I) 8in kx ;

1=1
{_I

n , (k > (
!

It 1(%1 - 1) sin kx dX"' = ~k If

[=1 1=1
1(-':) [08 kX;-1

- 08 kXt] , <
I-I,

1 1
<-1:
k
1I (i-II cos kX._ 1 -
1=1
COS kXil ~ -
" k
~
'=1
1I (i-l) 1[1 COSkXi_ll+

2 2
+ I05 kx.IJ < - ~ If (X;_I) 1= -
k ;=1 ' k
11
~ 11(;-1) 1 - .
~
'1.. , k. ,
'.

(17), I~ f(x;~) f sin kx dx J~ ~ < ;. k">K (i),

I-1

. 1-+0 ,& k-+oo. n, (15),

1) Jl f () n (, ) n
, t () sin t () cos.x ( 125, . 60).
86

Itl- f

(18)
-
[t () - 1 (-)} sin kx dx ~ I
~ ~I , [1 () - 1(-1)] sin kx I~X~'~ ' II () - 1(-) Idx <
X~ %~1

' n' .
<. i=1
~ (, - ) dx = ~ ( - m (Xt - -l) <
(=1
-.
2
k.
XI-l

, (16), (17) (18),

I I(X)SinkXdX\< ;. + ; <, k>K(e),

lTO (10).
_ (14).
20. 1() .At [, ,
(14) .
(N! i3),
h .
~ ~

f

f(x) sin kx dx =- 1() f si

kx + 1() si kx,f
~

' 1 () si kXdX!< ~ [1/(a)1 + I/(b)l],

.

k ... .
!I.' (14).
30. ) (, ,
; (14) .
) [, ]
Be~ (!! 35), .

) - 11 () - 12 ().
Crora

f 1()

sin kx dx ... f 11 ()

sin kx dx - f 12 ()

sin kx dx
 Furlr- 87

I
1 () sin kx dx 1<1 11 () sin kx dx 1+ 1 l() sin kx dx 1

, ,

iI ((~)

sin kx dx I~ ~ [111 () I + I11 () 1+ 1111 () I :t II1 () 1,]'

l k ~ .
(14).
40. 1() , . l11
[, ], (14), .
!)

1(x)sin kx dx = - ~ [1 () ,os. kx : + ..~. l' () cos kx dx.

k ~ ,
, (14).
' (14).2)
242. Fourier- . - 8
' (11), (()
(11) :
[, 2~].
h , . (11),
, ' (13),
1 ()?
1()
[0,2n]. + 1 (11), -
(13),
2n
'.
$,. () = - 1 [- 1 + cos t cos + sl
. t sin + ... +
, ~ 2 ,

+ cos n~ cos n - sin nt sin n] 1 (t) dt

,1) = f (), dv ... sln kx dx.

S) 20., 30. 40. }., ,
iif)f.
 I

88

n
.

$,. () ==.~J[.!
'11:
+ cos (1 -
2 8=1
0 '
'
X)]:f(t) dt.
.

1 )

.2n+l( )
1 .SI0-2-'- '-
(19) , -2 + 1: cosn (1 - ) -, 2' 1 -
11=1 ' 810-
2

k sio 2n+ 1(1 _ )

(20) $,. ().- .!
'"
f f (1) .2 t _
' 2 S10 ---.-
dl.
2

f (1) q Jl ~ ~
~. 9 n8 ,n (~O),' (19),
q t . rn (20)
n q 2'11:, t
n (20), 8111 ~
(!! 28, .). n (2 .Dn~'

, 2n+l
1 +- sin -,-- (1 - )
$,. () = -;ff(t) . t _ dt.
'-1I
2sI0-'-
2
, t, YBe~ '
t - 1) = 2, nfI n

+!.
2
$,. () - '~J f(x +2) sio (~n+ 1) dy
,'11: ,810

--112

1) .i.a . JUl

, ( +"21)
sfo (1 - ) - sln (1)
-"2
'-
(I.-x) - 2 cos (1 - ) 110 .
. n- 1.2.. . . 11 ~ , nh , . n
'- .
2 sln -2-'
JUl (19).

1) n ~ et ' t ():
 89

. .
". () - -:::
1

f f (. + 2,) sin (2n+ 1),
sio,
d, +

2
~
2
+ ..!.. Jf(X + 21) (211'" 1), 4.
11: . S, "
'
H800CJleKY, U~ -80. 8'I'eI'pUJ ,. 181'" - ,
n

2 ,

(21) . (.)'
1,.% -
1
-,
f/( ,- 2. )sio(2n+l)ld
' l' +
, 10
. 11:
"

-,I '
+ ! + 2) sio (2.11 +I) dy
10
, 11:

Dirlchfet-OBU ul1lu. ,
. 8 I ()
n .q l80.l I ().l,>
. . 1)

I .

(22) '. () '- ) _ ~ J{f(X - 2) - f(x)] sio (2~ + 1), dy +

10
.
2
+ l.J(f(X + 2,) - f(x)] Sin(2~ + l) dy,
' S10y
.

.
, (23). 1'.].
"
f2
118(2'1+ 1), 4,.
,',
 /
/

90

!! Jl~

.!!.
2

(24) S,,(X) - {() =.!. {( - 2) - {() ~ 2 si (2 + l)ydy +

. 1t - 2 SI

2
+ .. ' ( + 2- {() ~ si (2n + l) dy
1t 2 SI .

... .
' Jl

!!.
2

(25) q> () (2n + 1) ydy,

() = {( - 2y)-f(x) -:2 ,
- 21 SI

,[0' ,; () {( - 2),
=0

iimq1(Y) =- {( - 2Y)-f(x).lim ~2y ~ -2_().

)'-++0 )'-++0 - 2 )'. .,,+0 SI

, Jl (25) q> () 11
, (!! 241, 9 1.)

q> () sin (2 + 1) dy - .
~-+OO

r (24) (22) II
1 -+ , .

.!.
2

[ - 2) - / ()] sin (2~ + l) dy = .

n-+ . SI

 Furlr- 91

' t (22)
n~OO, .

.!

" _2 [f(x + 2) ~ '()] 8in(2~;+- 1) dy = :

"-+ 810
f

.<;,,' () = f(x).
n-+

10. .
m., . Fui- (11) itu u umUll
uuu f(x) 2," KOHBeprupah,e ll1u f ()
m m il ll m
Jl. ' f ().
f ().1)

1lffi f(x - h) - H~ - ) = " ( ) , f(x + h) - f(x + ) =- (+ (x)t
h~+O - h - h-++O' h

T;lAa Fourier-OB (11)

(26) . s."(")
1lffi f(x - ) + f ( + ),
=;:.
n:t"" 2
, (23)

f ( - '0) + f(x + ~)
2
(21)t , (22),

s. ()..,... f ( -, ) + f ( + ) =
2
.!

=.-
.
1 ff 2 .
( - 2) -
-2
f ( - ) - 2
- . - 8 (2
810
"

+ 1) dy +

.!

+ -1
'I1i
f 2
f(x+ 2) - f(x
2
+ ) -.-
2 SlO
:" (2 + 1) d.
SlO

1) I .
92 n

2
(27) SII(X)- f(X-);f(+) - :J'1(V)Sin(2n+l)YdY +

'1
-+ ~ () sin (2n + l)y dy.

, '1 () >S () -
Jl [ , ;., (!! 241, 10.)

(28) .
n-+
'1 (y)sin (2n + l)ydy .. ,

!!.
2

() sin (2n + l)ydy = .

n-+

, (27) (28),
.
1lm 8"
.()
=
f(x - ) + f ( + ) ,
n-+ 2
. (26). :
20. - lil li
f () li. 2 f () lil lilIi
u.. .. .. .. .. ..,l)
u.Qpaay
'( - ) + + )
2
lil li lipBe BpClile .. liocliloje
.

24. fourier- . -
BIlAeJJl,. )
2 : -os . , .
, (),
(, 2~), - ?

1) n
li u t (
 Furlr- 93

, lI
f () 2, - ,
() (, 2 ).
, f () h

,() = () 0<<2,

- (, 2,;).
Fui-
k 21r

= ~ f(x) dx = : () dx,

-
k k

(29) ,. = -1 f () n dx = - 1 () n dx,
, ,;

.!t:
k 2Jr

,. = : f () sin n dx = ~ () sin n dx.

. - (), l-
(- , +,;) , l-

(30) + ~ ,. n, - 1t < < + ,

8=1

.l{ ( == , 1,2, ...}

+s 1(

,. = ~ () n dx = : () n dx,
-1(

+"
,. = : ,() sin n dx = , "
-11

() n ili () sin n)
(2 126). .(30) Ol~ Fourier-OB 1 ~.e cosi-
nus- . '
(), -
(-,;, + 1t), -

(31) ~ ,. si n,
11=1
94 !"

( = , 1,2, ... )
-t-:r
n == ~ ~ () cos dx = ,
~

+ ~

n =
~
f
.- ~ () sin . dx = ~ q> () sin dx,
~

q> (-) cos q> () sin U.

(31) fui- sinus-~Ma
u .

. - h f (),
Fui- - (- ~, + ~)
< () *'" ~, .
2

(32) / () = - ,
2
- < < + ~.
f () = ~ /' () = .-, ,
2 2
Fui- ( - ~, + 11:).
(29), h [- ~, + ~~, h

= 1
---'-
2~
f xdx =
+

, n = -.1_..
211:
+

.
cos nxdx = , ( = 1,2, ... )
-

cos (- ~, + ~) (. 126).
N ~ 1)

~ +

N = _1_ sin dx = - _-.!._- [ ] + + __1_ f cos dx

2~ . 2 1t -1< 2~ -
-' -

1 1
n -=----[(-:fl)n:+(-l)n~=--(-l)n, = 1,2, ... ,
2 n 11:
.

1 1
= -- =--
2 2' s '

1) h = . dv = sin I/ dx.
 Frulr- 95

.
u- f () = - .1l ( -1(, + ) .1l8
2

-,
= 51
- -
1'21.
slO + - s - ... ,
223

8 f () = ~ 8.11 (- , + ).
2
= f () = ~ , -

.1l.

.
510. - -1510
. 2 + -1SlOx
. 3 - = '~
2 -n<<+:

.. 2 3 = 1t.1)

, 8 f ()

(33) '() .... sin - ~sin 2 + ~5in 3 - ... ,

2 3
8 = f () (.1l. 164') .1l

( - 1(, + 11:) .1I .
2'

Ct '

: .

. 164'

= f () (33)
.1l.1l 11 ~ 30.1l0
1 '; 1 ', 2',.... , , 1 ', ; ,
, 1', , (33.), , -

1) . ... - ,
f (- ff - ) + f (- sr + ) __
2 _.-! _ , _ "',
2 2
rt ,..

f (or - ) +' f (or + ) _ ~_2 _ , . .

2 2
96 ,l

1, 2 , ; At', 2',.... (33) 8

(.,... 71:, + .,;). 3 = - h, 8 (32) (33),
2 . .

1tJ. - n .8:

10.

-
(34) I():=-2- <<2.

'. 1
Fu/- .. 8 8 ~- f () .... .;.. "2 ,

Fourier-08 . 8 (0,271:). (29), h

2Ir

. = -1 -
_-
- dx == ,
2

2Ir

" = -1

J'IS-
- - cos nz dx
2
= , ( = , 2, .. ).,

.
2Ir k ik

= --
1 -
- -.
510 d = -1 '
510 .1- - - i '
51 dx =
:!t 2 2 271:'

1
( - 1,2, ... ),

()

' + -1SID
= 510 . 2 + ... + -1.810 + ... -
'1~,<<271:
2
,2
, '.,;.., ... 2. )

.
--+-
.
1(-0) +/(+0) 2 2'
') - 2. -
2"" '

Ir
--+-
. _ 2. (2 - ) + 1(2 +~ _ 2 2 _ .
, . 2 2
 FourIer- 91

f () h

-
(35) '()
- 8 + -1810
. 2
+ ... + -
1 .
810 n + ....
2
(. 165).
- t () ,
. , I , , . ; I '.

. 165

, ~

' , (35) , (, 2~). 3 == - h,

2
(34) (35),

'(;) - : - 1 - ~ + ~ - ...
20.

'() -
~
-
4 '
Fourier-OB . . (29) h
Ir

. 1 dx + 4"
= - '4 1 dx - ,
_

'.
Ir

,4
,. - - ~ cos n dx + !4 8 n dx = , ( = 1,2, ...),
-Ir
Ir

" == - 4"l 81 n dx + '4l sin n dx =

-Ir

= -1
2
Ir

.
810 n dx = - -,1-
2n
8 ~ + -1 ,
2n

7
98 r

1
N =. 8 , cos 11: = 1; N == - .

1
. = 1, = - , .. , b2k + 1 = ---
3 2k +1
JI u- h

.
s1
1.
+ ---- s1
3 + ... + 1 sin (2 + 1) + ... =
3 2n +1
{

- 4' -11:<<,

11:
+- <<1
4 '
, = 0.1)

u-

t () =- sin + ~ sin 3 + ... + _1_ sin (2n + 1) + .. ,

3 2n+l
If = f () cerMe-
1 ~ ~ (. 166)
4

8'I z C~ 8

:A~ ~A'
, 1
= " ,
' 1 2
-2tt -11:,,
1t
11:', 2it:
I
=- !
8; l 81 l

. 166

, ,
n ,
Fui;- ,
,. Jl Jl
Jl
Jl.
 ourler- .

f () .... { - 1, -n<<,
+ 1, <<_.
.., , npe ..a (29),

,. - -
__
f
~ cos n dx + ~ n dx -, .(11 - , 1, 2, .. ),

1 .. {, 11 == 2, 4, .. ,
,. == - - sin n dx
1 .
f
+ -11: n dx - .!. 8811=='"
1 5
-"1( . '""

4 sin(211-1)x {-1, . -<<:,

- 1:. .. , .... ; = "
11=1 211 -1 . +1: 88 <<n
u-

f(~) ... .! t sin (211 - l).

. 11: 8=1 2n -1
....

f () _ {, 88 - < < ,
1,.11 .<<_
II8 Fourier-OB

(36) ) - .!.. + .!. (sin + .!.. sin . + ..!.. sin 5 + ...) ,

2 . . 5

11

.- ~JO!dX+
__
~Jl'dx-l,

'.
.
1 1 . .
,. == -. cos II dx + - 1 cos II dx - , (11- .,2~ ...),

__ ..

,. .. ..!.. f sin IIX dx + ..!.. 1 in IIX dx-.!. ,(11 - 1,., 5, )
__ "
11"

- / (-)+/(+)._+I_.!.; u.. u -",

2 2 2
.,.
 10Q

: - -
3 = -2 (36)

1= ~2 + ~ (1 - ~3 + -!-5 - ...)
:
.

: 1 1
-:-=1--+-- ....
4 3 5
50.

Fui- .-

f () - '
1[1
= - +4
3
(
~ (- 1
n=l
r cos n )

'

-hr
n=- l x1cosnxdx .... -2 x1cosnxdx=(-I)n-,
4 (n-== 1,2,.;.),
:' ~
-.

-hr
N == ~ x~ in n dx = , ( .., 1,2, ... ).

3 =
: 1 1 1 1
-= 1 - - + - - - + ....
12. 21 31 41
38 == : h

:1 1 1 1 1
- == ~ - = 1+- +- + ... + - l + ....
6 n=l ~ 21 31 n
6'.

, <<-,
2

) = 1cos 1= - , ~<x< 3: ,
2 2
3
cos , -<<2
2
 Furler- 101

Fourier-

2 4 I (- 1)n + 1 )
f(x)-Icosxl=-;-+-\~ I cos2nx.
~ 7t n=14n-l

. = -.!.. cos dx - -.!.. cos dx -+ ~ cos dx = !. .

7t ~ ~
" &r
-
2 2

2 . 2.

" = ~ Jcos xcos dx - : fcos cos nxdx + : fcos cos dx =

" &r
2

(-1)'1+1
=4-4n _l' (= 1.2... ).

2 2"

" = ~fcos sin dx - : cos sin dx + : Jcos sin n dx =

" -&r2
2

= . ( = 1.2.. ).

70.

Isin I = -2 - -4(00
~ 2
1 COS 2 ") < <27t .
~ 7t n=l 4 - 1
= 1 = 2

1 1 1 1 1 '.
"2 n~1 4 2
= - 1 ="2 n~l ( 2" - 1 - 2 +1)
Jl

1-( 2 1- 1 _ 2 1+ 1 ).
- n=l

80.

71: - )
t () = ( -2- . < < 27t ,
102 eB~Ta r n

.. Fourier-08

t() == ( - - ' -
- x)1 -= - ' + 1: -'COS
1
11:1.
n,

, ~2J[,
2_ 12 11=1 nt

1
. - -;
- ) dx
fllr(1I:-'-Z 2 '..
1)= - ; '
2-' JK(~ ) 1 - teI
-2-. ~x..- "6 '
. .
.!.

n - .!f(~)ICOS
2
11:
n dx l) = ..!.2.

~ COS (11: - 2#) dt = .!.,
nt
(n;= 1,2, ...),
.

2If

,. - ~ f

(11: 2 ) 1 sin n dx - ,
.
(n=I,2, ... ).

- ". - 211:
1
---+1:--,
4
11:1

12 11=1 nt
... 1 '
-

- .. 1
'};-.
l
11=1 n

go.

f(X)-l l ={_:: :: -
0,X~1I:,

1I:,X~0,

Fourier-08

_C_o......s~(_2_n_-~1)~x_)
) - I ~ 1-. -11:2 - -11:4 (..
1:
11=1
.(2 - 1)1 '

1) '
.. # 2#

f(<<;XJdX - f(<<;XYdX + f(n;xJ'd;

#

m - 2 - t Iil HHerpany.

-
1) i -2- - t.
 fourler-~ 103

1( 11'

= - ~ / + ~ dx = ~ dx = 'IC,
-1(

11' "

= - ~ cos dx + ~ cos dx = ~ cos dx,

-11' ~

( = 1,2, ... )
1(

211 = ~ cos 2 dx = ,

11'

2n +1 = -2 cos (2 + 1) dx - - 4 ,
'IC

(2 + 1)1"
11'

' n = - ~ sin dx + ~ sin dx "'" .

-11'

1(. 1 1
= h -:- = 1+- + -52 + ....
8 31
100.

u"

. 1 . ("" (_I)+1 )
f () = sin -1 - -:- cos + 2 ~ 11 cos ,
2 n=zn-l

+11' :rr

= : sin dx = : f sin dx = 2, "

-11'

1 = ~
1(
f "

sin cos dx = ~ sin 2 dx =, - ~ ,

1(
11'

11'
2 (_I)+ 1
= - sin cos dx = 2 (= 2,3, ... ),
1t 2 -1

104 r

+n
,,= ~J xsinxsinnxdx=O. (n= 1.2... ).
-

110.

t () = {. - < < .
. < <
u-

'() = ~ _ ~(j; cos(2n -l)) _ ; (_I)"SinnX.

4 :r . 11=1 (211 - 1)2 n=1 .

== : dx

=; .
" ,., -1 '
,;
cos

n dx .. (- 1)" -}1>
,;

" = -1 '

:r

snd =
'
(- 1)'"
--

120. f () = cos (- . +,;) u-

cos
1 sin
- - -'- + 2 (~ (-1)"
2

sin n)
2 n=n-1
cos .

f
Jf

" = ; ,. = ! cos sin dx =

'It ,

= ~
,;
[sin ( +
. 1) + sin ( - 1) ] dx 1) =

(n==2. .. ).

-2 ; ~ 2 -2
01~ -;-.,01= . -2 .!f,. 2 "-1'= (2n -1)2 '

2) s/n kx dx - (- l)'I;, (k '- 1.2; ... ).

 furlr- 105
,
- COS (- 1t, + 1t) (. 167)
g,

13, t () = cos tx (- , + ) Fui-

( t )

..

1,
1

. 167

()
.COS t= 21 t (1- - -cos- + -cos-2- _.,.),
2 t2 t2 - 1 t"4 - 22

, cos tx, n = ,

= ~ f cos tx cos dx = f
~ [ (t + ) + cos (t - ) ] dx =

'.
= J..[Sin (1 + ) + sin (t + )] == (-l)n t sin t1t.
1t t + t- 1t [t 2 - n2 ]

= 1t h, cos tx = ,

1 2t 2t "2t
1t cotg 1t t- - = -- + - - + - - + ., .
t f2 - 1 t - 22 t - 32
2 a

< f < 1,

106

t t
1t f (cotg ~ t - ~) dt =
1tt
1t
8-++0
f"(cot g t - ~)
'Jft
dt1t =

= 1t t = log ( 1 - -f )
sin -
log - + log ( 1 - -12 ) + ... ,
1tt 12 22
.
~t
sin -
log - = ~ log ( 1 - 2fZ )
'( t n=1

~ tog ( 1 - ")
-
. sin 1tt = n= n2 -= (1 _ t22 }.
1tt" n=1

() sin 1t t = 1t '.~ (1 - :~) = 1t 1 (1 - ~I) (1 - ;2)'"

sin ~!
. () 1 -- , 1, 2, ... ,
" pAroB8pa Jl

. 1 =- ~ Wallis- Jl8 (N!! 131)

2

~~ ~~.
2 n=1 2n - 1 2n + 1 " .
Jl = ()

1t 1 21 21
-sin-1t-t "= -
1
- IZ---1+t- -
22 2-

140. , -1t < < + 1t, I=t= + 1, + 2, ...

. t = - 2 sin t~ (Sin
S1 __ -
2 sin2 + 3 sin 3 - . ..) .
1t fI - 1 tZ - 2 t2 - 32
1t t
= -, - = h 1)
2 2
~ sec 1t = _.;....1t_ = 4(f (- l)n (2(2 -- 1):11).
cos 1t n=1 4 2 -

, t t
1) h sln t - 2 sin 2' cos 2 .
 furlr- 107

ch tx sh tx n (- 1t, + 1t)

chtx=2tsht1t(_I__ COSX, + cos2x _ cos3x + ... ),

1t 2 t2 t9 + 1 f2 + 22 t2 + 32

sh tx = 2 sh t 1t (Sin _ 2 sin 2 + 3 sin 3 _ ... ) .

1t t2 + 1 t2 + 22 t2 + 32 '
150. -

f () = - log 12 sin ; I
Fourier-OB
[- 'It, +'It].
-
2 'It,1)
== 2 k 1t
(" .... 0,1,2, ... ). . 168
= f () (.
16). f (),
n

"3 "3
-
8-+0

flog 12 sin ; I
dx - - ~~ f log (2' si~
8
;) dx =

~ ~
, 3 3 cos-
2
- - [ log 2 Sin!:...J
8-+0 2
+
8--/0
f , 2 sil1 -
dx =
2
~
3 cos-
= log (2 sin ..!...)
8-+0 2
+
,
8-+0
f"
s
2 Sl' - 2
~ dx =
'.
~ ~
s cos - 3 cos -

2 2
~2 ~2
= dx = dx.
8-+0
s
2 sin f

2 sin
108

, , ,

= 1,
.... 2 sin ~
2

" q. f () = - log 12sin ~~

, N = , ('? 1,2, .. ),

1! : r : t

= - ~ f log 12 sin ~ Idx = - ~ f log 2 dx - ~ f log sin ~ dx =

~ - 210g 2 + 210g 2 = (! 191, , 60.);

n = - : log 12 sin ~ Icos dx = - 2.,. [IOg 12 sin ~ 1sin +

'
1 slO cos 2 1 slO cos "2
+- dx=-f---- d =
1t sin ' 1t sin ~
2 2

1 ~ sin ( + ~) + sin ( - ~)
= ,,; -----2-.----- dx =

Sl 2

1 Sl
. (. +. -1)
1 . . ( 1)
Sl -
= -
.,.
f

2'
s
2

~
dx +-
.,.
f
-2'
SlO --
-
2 dX.
,
=
2 ~

1 3 . 1.1t 1
= -- - + -- -. = -, ( ~ 1,2, ...),
2 .,. 2

Diihlt- (.N!! 134, 400.).

Fui-

() I
-Iog 2 sin"2
I = cos + cos 2
2
cos
+ .,. + ---- -+- .. , =1=2 k1t.

3 = 1t h

1
log 2 = 1- - + -1 - -1 + ...
2 3 4
 fourIer- 109

150, f () = log 12 cos ~ I Fui-

() I
log 2 COS"2
I= cos -
cos 2
2 + cos 3
3 - , , ,, (2 k + 1) 7t ,

= t -

log 12 cos ~ I = log 12 cos (~ - ;) I

= log 12 sin ~ 1'
, (),

I '
log 2 s 2"t! = - cos t- cos 2 t
2 - , ., -
cos
2-nt - ... ,
c~ ().

244. Fourier-
(, 'It). - () Fui-
(, 'It).
f () 2 , ()
(, 1t). Fui-- f ()
2n h Fui- .() (, 'It).
, () Fui- (, '11:).
f () 2n t

f () = (), 0< < ,
f( - ) = f (), ) U

f () = (), < < 1t,

f (- ) = - f (), f () 110.

~ ~

(40)
.
,. = .!
1t
f () cos dx = .!
1t
rp () CQS dx, ,. ~ , '

(41) 2
0,.=0, ,.=-; f
~

2
f(x)sinnxdx=-; f
~

.
cp(x)sinnxdx.

u;;-

(42), f(x)=..!!.+~a,.cosnx=cp(x), O<x<7t,
2 n=!
 110 r

(43). f () = ~ ,. si. = q> (),

n=l

(42) (43} () .1l (, '11:) JI

... OBOr: .1l

(). (42) f ()
q> () UAf 1Af .1l (- "", ),
, (43) . f(x) ()
u 1 .1l (..:. "", ). (42) c.1leAyje,
= = '11:,
q> ( - ) = ( + ), (- 2t + ) = q> (.,. - ),
(43)
q> ( - ) = (+ ) = , (- '11: + ) = - q> (.,. - ) = .
U. - Fui- COBI-
us- .1l. slus- . .1l (, ""), Mory
Fui-
,. bll
, q> () 4 u-
ius-, .,

( - ) = (), ('11: - ) = - (),

, . (40), .
2f
2f '2 "
,. =. : q> (). cos dx"': : [ () cos dx + q> () cos dx ] ""'
8 . "
"2

.;= : [1 - (-l)n]q>(x) cos nxdx

(43') a!ll+1 =: f .
2

() cos (2 + 1) dx, .... .

q> ( - .1-) = (), ("" - ) = (),

. = : [1 + (- 1)"] q> () cos nx dx, "

..~ ..;.: ~
 furlr- ' 111

211 - -
4
7t
f () cos .
2 dx.

.() , ~oaJe-OB
~inus-, .
(- ) = - (), (r..- ) ='- (),

, (41),

. 2

N = ~ () si n dx = : [ '() sin n dx + () sin n dx =

!..
2
!..
, 2

= ~ [1 + (-I)n] () sin n dx,

. .

2 ,

2n 4 ' ()
= -'

.
sl 2 n dx, b2ll +1
.
= 6.
.

( -) -= - (), cp(s - ) ~.. cp (),

~
2

N = : s[1 ~ ( - l)nJ () sin n dx,

oane
"

s
2

(43") n = , blll +1 = ~ () sin (2!1 + 1) dx

- () ..
8 . ( - 1;, ), . 8
8.11 (- , + ). .
lLAt. - 141. r ,() = (42), .
cosinaS-8 -8.11 [, ]. , (40),
112 r

, = ~ dx = f, = ~ cos n dx =

2
--[(-1)11-1]-
n 2

.~
I 4

, ,
_
- - , u,
n

(44) -
_ ~
-
~ ( ~ cos (2n - 1) )
~ ,
. 0- _
""'" ""'" '/1;.
2 1t 11=1 (2n - 1)2
u. ii1. Jl ( -1t, ) h

1t 4 "" cos (2 - 1)
-=---}: , -1t~<,
2 1t 11=1 (2 - 1)2
I I II (- 1t, + ).

I I = ~ - ~ (f cos (2 - 1) ) = f , < ~ 1t ,
2 3t 11=1 (2n - 1)2 - , - :;;;;;;<.

2'. f () = { (43), . sinus-.

, (41),

.. = , " = -
2 '
$1 n dx =
2(- 1)11-1 ,
1t


CID si n ) ,
(45) x=21;(-I)"-1'
( , 38 O~x<'/1;.
11=1

Hei1apHIlM fl. (- , ), h

=2 (
CID
~(_I)n-l
SinnX)
__ , --1t<<,
n=l'

(- f, + ).

=2 f (- 1r
n=l
+1 sin n,

- 1t < < '/1; -

(44), (45)

= ~
2
- ..! (f cos (2 -
n=l (2 - 1)
~) ) = 2 (f (_1)"
11=1
-1 sin n)

< < . , ..118 f () = (, '/1;)

'1' Fui- {.
 furlr- 113

lb. - h :
1. u- f () = sin [, ]
sinus-

.
s1 = -; - -;
2 4 (f (2 -1
n=l
cos 2 n )
)(2 + 1)' =< < 1t ,
, (40),

= -2' sin dx = -4 ,

,. = : sin cos n dx = ~ [sin ( + 1) - sin ( - 1) ] dx =

u. ulb. sin (- , ) h

4 ( cos 2 n
. 2
- s1 - - - - };
. n=l (~n - 1) (2 + 1)
)
, - =< < ,
Isin I (- 7t, + ).

I 2. 4 (~
1 ~x=---~ . , 2 n )
~
n=l (2 - 1) (2 + 1) ,

= h

1 1 1 1
2 = ! (2n -1)(2~ + 1) = 13 + 35 + ....

20. Fourier-OB :. f() .... : (O.','f)

Slnus-

(46) ~= f sin (2 - 1) , < < 1t ,

4 n=l 2 - 1
, (41),

= - 2.
- S1 N d 1 -
= --
1t' 4 2n - 1

114 r n

, . (- . )

- ,..!. . '
4'
1t
4' < < ",
f sin (2 - 1)
11=1 2-1 1t
-,4" -7I:<X<O,
1t
'', u;- 1 ) = - - - (, ~)
4 2
sius-

(47) ~
4
_~2 ~ f .sin22 .
11=1
< < ",
, (41),
2 "
" = -;,. . (1[4 - 2 ) sin dx = _1
I ,

un,
nUn.

(47) (46), h

. sin 2 sin 3 ' sin 4

(48) -=s1- +--- + ... ,
2 2 3 4
(- 7t, +71:), - (48)
. (46) (47) h

71: -
-- =
,
s1 + sin 2
+ sin 3 + ....
2 2 3

< < 2 7t,

2 1[ - .
7t
4'. u- ~ f () = - - - [, 7t]
4 2
sius-

71: 2[ 8 3 08 5 .
-
4
- -
2
- -08
7t
+
,32
+ 52
+ " ] , , ~ 7t,
,
,' (40),
 Furlr- Jl. 115

" = -.
~
2
~
4
:f(.

- ~-)'
2 cos n dx =
I . ,
1 , ll.
----.
n1n
== = 1 h

r
- - 1 + - + - + ...
1 1
8 32 51
5~. ( (), (, ;).
. (-, + _). TiKO Fourier-08 .

' () = ~ . n + ! cos (~n + 1) dx~ (- _. + )?

n=o
(43')

' ( - ) = ' (), ' (. - ) = -~ ().

60. . ' (), ~ (, ;),
Q (.- 1, + ), Fui- .
CII

. () = ~ " sin (2 + 1) dx.

n=o
. (43")

' ( - ) - - ' (), ' (1 - ) = ()

245. Fourier- lIep8uy
( - 1, + 1). -
Fourler-08
f () 21 IJl (-1, + /).1)
. 1
(49)
2rcx rcx 11
1- -- - - =-- .
21 1
(- /, + !) I'~,IJI (-1S, + )
1. "

11
(50) f()=f ( -;;)-/1(/).

1 +2,;)]
/1 (1 + 2n) .... 1[ -;(t = 1[It]
-; + 2/ - f(x + 21) .=1() -1..(,

1) f ( + 21) - f (). & 8.... (-1, + Ij lI02t ""1-

88 (, + 2/) 2/.

.
116

.
'1 (
'1 (1)
21{ (-,
2 . Fui-
+n)

't (t) = -.!!

2
+

L [n cos ! + n. sin nt],
n=1

(49) (50),

(51) '() =-- + L [ ancos--

. 1t
+ nSl--
1{ ]
,
2 n=1 [ . [

+It +l
= .!.

'1 (1) cos nt dt - .!.[i '() cos 1t[ dx,
- -1
(52)
-t Jt +1
n ~ ~ i
,.
'1 (1) sin ntdt =.-!.[i '() sin 1
[ dx.
-It -1

. Fui-
(-1, +1)
(~n, +) (!! 243). ,
() (-1, +1) n , ()
2/, n ()
(-1, +1). , n ' n
(52) n '9 () (51).
() Fui- (, [)
sius- sius-
(, 11:), (, 1) (, ).
sius- .

(50')

- +
2

L
n=l)
anCQS--,

1
n - -
2
1
f 1

1
(x)cos-- dx,
1

sius-

(50") L

11=1

nsl--,
1

1
n = -2
1
f 1

() sl-- .
nnx dx.
'1

(-1, ) ()
, () 21 ()
(, 1).
 Furler- 117

, ,() n
(, ) - ,

t= --(
2n
- ) n = + --- 1

- . 2s
11 (1) 2., .

{() = t [ + 2-'11: t] - 11 (1) =- 11 (1 + 2 '11:).

Pou,je~OB 1()

(50111) 1() =- - + ~[a.cos -
2n
- ( - )
. -2nn
+ . SI - . ( -
]
) ,
211=1 - -

,. = -2- 1 () cos -
2n'll:
- ( - ) dx,
- -

(50I )

2
-
2nft

. = - - ,() Sl --( - ) dx.

. -

u- (, )
(- 1, + 1).
Fouje~OB (51)

{
" - i
11>0,
+

-- 11 11; 2'
f(x) = ...! ~ ,,'
+ n=- I I ,.' = + .
2 ,. ,. 1
---2-'

+1 n1t:;
0",=_1 ff(x)e--'- dx.
21
-, '.

11 ; 1t 11; .'" n.,,1
n'ltx ---- + 1--'- . nsx ~e
-1- --,-

COS - - = ------ sI--=----

1 2 1 '2 i
. - - I() - (-1,+/).
(51) (52),

21 ( (_1)"+1 n1)
- - ~ si - - , - 1< < + 1,
'It n==1 1
 I
118
-

, . .. . , .. - .
1
+1
..
n
.. - _. sln - d x - -
-1 1
2
1
f ,
I- dx
n
1
... 21 (_1)"+1
-1:
=1
. .

-l

l!ac6lU. - ~. ueee u-.ue:

'. FOIlfI.- .. ll I () ..;. 4 [, 1) cosl
-... .

1 4/~. (2n- 1) )
. (68). - -2 - 1
__ ~1\2 n- 1)1 os. ~ (; + 1,
1
. (&').
, ,
2 xdx-t, .. - -
.,.--
1 .
2 xcol-dx-
1
n8
I
. 41
r (2 - 1)1 .

lUUl IIpO~"" '8lUl .....-( - (, ) .h

.i41 (. 1 _ (2n-l)8)
- " "2 - tt" ~ (2n ~ 1)' COS 1 t . - 1<; " <; ,

. lllClllljl '' ., , ...., (-1, + 1). .

. Ixt_..!._4lfj:. 1 Cos(211-1)U)_.{. , O<;x<;l.
2"~(2n-l)' I - , -1 <; <.
28. FOIlfMr- -" .. III. I () - 884' (, l) slnu-...
.
(54) . . 2/(.1:
%--
.1 . n)
(-I)"+I_ll- ,
.
0'<;;%<1,
..... 1 .
, .. (50")

1
. I

1
.
" .. - -t %lIo-d
n.% 2
- (_1)'1+1_.
. II

..."",.. .1po1:JUIA .... % u .au (-1. ) .loh

21 . 1 n.
- - ~(-:-l>,,+I-si--, -1<<;,
.... 1

)tp .,"8 ... ..

. 2/(
X--~(->,,+I_in-.,
1 . fC ) 11- -I<x< +1.
iIiiI 11 1
 FOUrior- 119

, (53) (54)

=2
1 4 1(
- ~I ~1 (2 _ 1)1 cos
1 (2 .-11) ~x)
....

=
2/(00
- ~ ( - l)n+
1 slO
. -n~x)
-. 1 _ 0< < 1.
~n=1 1
30. f () - - [] . (, 1) (. 29)
u-

- [] =.!. -
2
.!.(i;
; n=1
Si2n;),

0< < 1,

1 1

. = 2 dx ... 1, " =2 cos 2 1t dx = .

,. - 2 sin 2 3f dx = - _1_, ( - 1, 2, ...).

n.,.
.

40. f () -1 sin I (, ~),

Fuie- , (50111),

I sin x11 ) =.! - ~(i; cos2nx ) < <~,

. ~ ~ n=1 (2 + 1) (2 - 1) ,
, (50)

4 4
'"" - , " = , " = - --------
~ 3f (2 + 1) (2 - 1)
50. u-

< 1,'
() = {
, ~
1, l<<2,
"

3- , 2 < ~ 3,
Jl8

6 (~ao -810
2. -.-
- 1 . an~ 2n. )
-8---
3 ~I n=1 nl 3 '

2 3

= - 2 dx + -2 dx +'-
2 (3 - ) dx = 4,
-
3 3 3 3
... 1 2

1) (, n:) I sln I - sln (, 211:) Isln I .. - sln .

 /
120 r

,. =
2 f1

05
2n
3 dx "3
2 f 2

08
'2n7tx
3 dx +
~ I

2 (3 -
+ -3 f

) 08
2 '. dx 1) =- -4
cos 2 dx
333
f
1

+
3

2 05 2n..'fx dx
+ -3 2n)
= -33- ( 05-- 6.
-1 =- --,,5103-. ,.=.
3 n 3 ' 2 3
1
60. . Fui- ,.. ,.
., 3,., ( - 0'1,2.. ) () V(), ( - ) = t ().
Fui- .

+ 1:
, () - ..! [ ,. 05 -
n . n7tx]
- + ,. 510 - - ,
2 #==1 I 1

V() - .
"2 + ~ 01) [ n
. 08 -.-1-
. n]
+ ~,. slO -1- ,
rAe

. -
I
+t

.
.( )
-I_ , 05 --dx,
'
I
,. = -
1
1
f
+
. n
, () slO - - dx
1
. ,

-1 -1 .

+' +1
. = -1 V(x) 08--
I
n dx,
I
.,. =
1 1 S() 81O,dx
. n t
-1 . -1

+' +1
,. - -l ,(x)c08'--dx
n' l ,(- X)C08--dx-
-- n
I I I 1
-1 -1

+'
.... -1 t(x)cos-dx
'n - .,
1 1
-1

I
+,.
.... -1 ' () sln--dx
'
1
""" - -1
1
.
+1
f ,(-) 810 .
--dx
1
=
-1 -1

- "-11 V(X)8IOi
+1
n' dx
-
. -,..
-1 4:

1) . 3 - _ t 06 .ll.
 Furler- 121

70. , Fui-
.. , ,. ,., ~,. ( = , 1,2, ...) () t(x)
(-) = - , () .. -= - .. , ..... ~...

246. . - f ()
(-1t, +~].

(55) .() = - + ~ (ak cos kx + fJk sin kx),
2 k=1

, ak ~k , ~ -:
f () [-~, +~].
, ak fJk (55),
f(x) [-~, +~].
f () IlII (55). ,
n
If(x)- ,. () 1, [-,;, +],

.
, 1l0

+-

n n
- .
JIf(X) - P,.(x}ldx

+-
(56) J[f(X) - .. (d.
--
ll
f(x) non ,. (), Il n .
l n -
. , . . Ii .
ll (55) (56) .uu... ll (56}

+-
(57) _1_ (f () - ,. ()]2 dx,
2 .
-"
(56). (57)
f () - ,. ()
[-1r, + }, ' 1 Uu.
1) nIIII.. () [-~, + 1t].
 /
122 r

llll (57)
1-t1r
(58) . = 2~ J[f(X) -.. (x)r dx ....
-

+- .
= _1_.
2
J[r () - 21 () .. () +P~(x)]dx.
-11'

~ -tn'
. - ~ 1 () cos dx, .. == ~ f f(x) sin 1
-" -

06e.n. Fui- 1 (), 8' , (55),

(59)
~

jf(x) . () dx -" [
2
+ (. . + . ~
k=1
..)],
-"
~ ~ .

. j~(x) dx - f [3 + t
4 k=1
(<<.. cos kx + ~.. sin kX)1 +
-. -11'

+ . t (<<.. cos kx +~.. sin kX>] dx.

k=1 .

.8 ... .... noc.lle

+

~ () dx - ~ + ~ (<<~ + ~) ].
(60)

... ~II.
-. fC [

JlJl8
a~ -2 01' 01' - (<<. - 01')1 -a~
~"- 2~k b1' ... Wk - .)! - b~ ,
. (59) (60) .
~ .
[~(x) -2f(x) . ()] dx = f ( - 0,)1 + f [(<<k-Ok)s+{~k-bk)ll)-
- - ( ~ + ~' (a~ + bi) ] .
L 2 k=1
 fourlerO8 088 123

ll, (58) .
t +

2 ... -l [f(x)-p.(x)ldx=-
st
I II(X)dx- ~+1:(aI+bl)
11 ] +
'.~
[2 k=1
- _ ' .

+ {(CIe ~ ,)1 +~. [(at - alc)1 + (Pt - bk)I)J

~a CIO, CIt Ptc ...

2 . IIIlII. . ,
(. - ..)1 . 11 .
2. + ~ [(CXt - at)1 + (13. - brc)l]- ,

. , - 0.. CXt - at, Pt bt = , n

...-- at Plc. . ...
2 .. r..
+
(61) 2 .. - ~ {! () - [~ + ~I (at cos kx + bt sin kX)]}1 dx =
-Ir

+ .

- ~r()d-[~ +t

l

.. 2
-
t=1
(al+ bl>] ,
FourleroBB f ().
.... ., 'CI.\"" ., . = .

, #te 606 ", .ll r 11

mer6ll '() x [- , +] .l1lur.Clt
IlOAUO. . (), I(ll Fourier-OBU uqm ltlluj
f(x).
8 (61)II . n..
8 lI ,
+ '.
~ f(x) - [~ + ~I (01+ bl) ]>0,
-

.
.+-
(62) i 11
+ ~~ (a1 + bl).(; -;[ 1
-If
f. () dx, - , 1,2, ....

lC BesseloBa . .
, ..
 124

~ . , -

(63)

ml1 ll f () [- , + ] .
(63) " =0, ,. = , .
n~CO II~CO

+n
lim ,. = ..- ! () cos n dx = ,
II~" 1t II~CO
-

+n
,. = -.!.. ! () sin n dx == ,
11""" ......
-

. Fourier-OBQ i! UHlJlerpa6UJlHe lUll/ t ()

[- , + ] ~ .
.. (61) HY.llH ... ~ , .
Bessel- (62) .ll Bessel- t!'Qlt

" 1
+n
(64) 2, + ~ (ai + bl> - -fr()d.
" k=1
-.
Bessel-oa u 1) .
OPlIlOrOHtJAHUX sin n, cos n ( - , 1,2, ... )
{().
(64) , . u;-08
.ll f( ) t ()
(- , + ] .+ Il ll.+.

, sin n, cos n ( = , 1,2, ... )h

lll, , (61), '-
t () 1l0 t () 6 [- , + .+Jl
Ili ll.41.

247. fourfer-
. - 10. Furi- ll ll t () .+
u. . t' ("'() .1 [ - , + ], f( -_+0)-
== t (7t - ), <,: . Il f ().

1) . llu l .4 llomllYHOClllu svl-)tI

u.
 t"urlr- 125

Furi- 1()
+11' +11'
= ~ l () cos dx = _1_ [1 () sin -
~
- ~ -

+11' +11'
- _1_ " () sin dx = - -1-fl' () sin dx,

- -11'

+11' +11'
. n = ~ fl (X}SinllxdX=- nl~ [1 () cos +
-11' -

+ -+.~

n~
f
+ _1 l' () cos dx = _1-

" () cos dx.
-

' ,,' Fui- " (),

(65)
' '
" = - _'!.,

" = _..'!.

(11 = 1,2, ... ).

" () { - , + 1t'].
Bessel-

+11'

1=1
(a'k + b'~) < ~
7t
f 1'2 () dx, ,
-11'

~ (a'~.+ '%).
k=1

.(1 ' 1_ ~):! = '; _ 21 n, 1+ ~2

~O
" ,, '
'.

( = 1,2, ...).

~('2
~
=1
+ '2+2 2)

 126 ,

~, .

f (,,,' I + ',,' ',)

n=l

., (65).

~la"I+lb,,1
n=l
8.

, Fui- . .

,() =~+ ~ (a"cos n + b"sin n)
2 11=1

. h f () [- ., + n-),
, ,

," COS n + " sin n I , , " cos n! + I" sin n I , Ia,.1 + Ib.l
Fourier-OB . ! () KOHB~pr.pa
! (), . .
,l. , . , Cllcell
sin n, ,08 n ( = 0,1,2... ) aa1llo
. - . ! () I ()
.

248. . illUI JlR..L

- l& ! () nnl&n nl& nl& [- n', -~ +
f ( - 11:) = f (n-), , . I&l& > , un.i1Jl& lin
11
" () = +~ ( cos kx + ~I sin kx) ,
k=1
I&

(66) ,!()-,,()<, xE[-11:, +11:].

=! () n [- 11:, + n-] n (. 168').
.n ,n [-11:,.+11:) . I I 'II ""'"'-.'
"'- l m iJ. n nlf - ()
..,. !(), . f(Xk) == (x.)(k -= 0,1,2, .. .,) (. 168,).1)
() .
n [- ', + :]
" () , . () .unailll&
[-', + 11:].'> , . ()

') -- , - -1-,.;.
1) l' () (, , llu" .. "ellpe-
" .' () r (, . HarJla11lKOi - ()
, .Jl.R Jl.y~ n (, , .. . Kpa~
 Furir- 127

'' () [- 1t, 1t]. +

"} [- 7, + 1t] ,

~
(7) 1f () - rp () I < 2' [ -, + 1t],

. 168

. Fourier'OB rp (),
, h rp ().
, , [- 1t, + 1t] ,
- ,. () r < -,

(68) I!P () ,
2
,. () +1 Fui- ().
, (7) (8) , .
I/(x) - ,. () 1= I/(x) - () + () - ,. () 1 <
<I/'(x)- ()1 + Irp(x) - ,. () 1 <,
[ - 1t, + 11:) (8),
(66).
().
,() [, + 21t], /()=f(+2).
'.
(6) l f ()
[, ] 211:.
f () 3 [, )
[, + 2 7), . t}U! .-f(a) = f(a + 21t).
RHepBaJla (, . () U.U( (, ,
(, jt jt8 . ()
Jtlt. (,
RJt . .
128

h, . f (+2;) = f ()
+2; (. 169).1)
249. t)I< I<. -
-
. ! (),
, . > ,
Q-
-- ..... 1 . ,. () .
+n

_..Q.---''--------
I
-~_. __ ~ ___
I
I _ _-
(69) f [t(x) - II ()2 dx < ,

Oi +2

[- 1t, + 1tJ.
C.~. 169 !(-1t) = !(;r;.),
, -

I t () - V
II () I < 2~"t' [- 1t, + 1t1

(69~.
! (- 1t) =t=! (1t), h
() .1 t () [- 1':, 1': -:- ]
[. - , 1':]
(1t) = t (- ) (w 169). > h

4M2<~
4 '
It () 1< , ' () 1< .
+n .--

(70) f[) - ()]2 dx"=" f [t () - ()]! dx < 42 h < :.

- n-h
() [- 1t, + 1t]
(- 1t) = (+ 1t) II (),
+11'
(71) [() - II ()]2dx < :.
, , Wlstss-
, l1. .l1. qu t
() l1.. 2n . alipolrf:uMupamu
ll1u...muu.. 110U... .u... .. ,u () f
lluu.u.
 Furler- 08
, , 129

, (70) (1].1 .

( + )I" 2 (l + ~),
+- +-
f [1 ~x) - ,. ()]1 dx = f
! () -" ()] + (, () - ,. (x}ldx "

+- +-
~ 2 [1 () - , ()]1 dx + 2 f[, () ~ ,. < 8,
~ [ -~,
- + ],
-.
.sJI.I'l)'
(x)J1dx

,(69) . .1-
(64). '
n . . ..
' '() ll , . '
. ~ . n8 ,,08080
lIn u )' r8f)' CPo(~
n [- '' + ~], l ttIl f () '
II ,, a.J88e ..... )' .BepUlla ',
II . . ...... (69) . )' ".,
n II . ,,, lIn . )'n
(70) .!)

250. __ Poarler- , DOOPOrou_

.. - - f () n)' [, ) npe-,
. '

(72)

1() -1;: ,. "',. () - , "'. () + .

=
"'1 () + + " "',. () + .' .. ,
'
,

II, .

(73) % (), "'I (), , "',. (),"

8n [, ] , ,", .
" ( = , 1, 2,. .) . (72) .
. 1(). ,Il., .... (72) "',. () '~
l .' ) , Coull
(73), .

Jf(x)t,.(x)dx ..... f
" ~ (x)dx == ,.II"',.III, ( - O~ 1, 2, ...),

1) (69) ... 18Ol"O , Rl:IUI~ ,(~).

1) )'Cn8 .} ,, Jl . 'tn (). Ytl-
& (. . '
.............
, ,
130 r

Jt

1 () "'.. () dx I () "'.. () dx l )
(74) . = ...:CJ,--~_ __ cr
( ... , 1,2, ... ).

~(x)dx
cr

. (74) . . . (72)
f (). .. ( == , 1, 2, .. ) . h
(74) UIIU Pojt-OB Ituumu ltu ! ()
. "'. (), .
"'. () (14)
. uu Fourier-OB. ltu 1 () "'. ()
. . m 1()
. + 1

(75) $. () -= 1:" <, "'. ()

k=O

.u It ai1pOltCUoaqu;e (, 246). . .
~ .. ' (15) ..

_l_[!() - s.\(x)ldx, ( > ),

-
cr

. . .

(76) . (. - ) ~ -= [1 () - $. (x)r dx - '" () dx - 2 f(x) $. () dx +

cr cr

+ $~(~) dx .

, (74) (75),
6

! () () dx = i; : I () ~A: () -
$.
.:=
f
1'=0
: " I : 111,
cr

') (73) , Ut"ll- 1.

 furter- 131

" "
':(X)dx- J(t a t t,)2 dx -= J[!aIVl(x) +
11 11 11

+ 2 ~ , (x)tq ()] dx =
"
t (11 Jtl(X) d.( + .
p=t=q t=O"
11

t alll"'trll ,
~apa, tp(x)tq () d- =
+, 2 p=t=q
11

- Jr () + f
11
t=O
(" - Ck)1 tJr 111 -
.
t : II"'tll
t=O
l

BeJDI1IBBI . h IIIIII,

.
a.t- Ct, ( - , 1,2, . , ).
IIIIII ( - ) .. nl

(77) ( - ) 8 .. - [! () -
,.

i Ct tt () dx
,
=

. . Jr(x)dx-~cillttnl;
"

Ct Fi- ifr '(). .8 Clt =

(k ... , 1,2, .. , ) , #te cpeyltBapallly allpoltcuJta-
uUJl f () [, ] It
up (75), ltm Fourier-OBU ,'u f ().
(70) I 111 ,

F(x) - ~clllttlll>O,
11
132 r

(78) ~o C~ ~\)!k 111 ~J 12 () dx, = , 1,2, ....

Bessel- lCi. "

,
-+ . ,

~ c~ 11\)!k 112
k=O

. Ck Ilvkll = , .
k-+cc
IJ

J/(X)tk(X)dX= .
k-+ao

Iltkl=- 1, . (73) ,

i
k=1
C~<:' Jr(X)dX, n=, ),2, ... ,

Ck =li I () Vk () dx = .
k-+ao k-+ao

.. (77) n-+, Bessel-

Bessel-OBY lCi

i ~ll'I12 = () dX,

sniil n lC_ (73)

1().
' slIl
(73) 1()
[, .

. - h :
10.

(79) 1, cos . cos 2 , ... , cos n ,

[, ~J. ,
11

cos n dx = , ( = 1,2, ..)

 furler- 133

88 i cos n 1,

fcosnxcosmXdX=O, (nm).

u- f () (79). (72), h

() = - + I COS + ... + .. cos n + ... ,

2
, (74),
11

f(x) dx
1 ."

2
=

11
= -

Sf(x)dx,

f dx

11

f f(x) cos 1l)C dx 11

.. = " = ~ Jf(X) cos'nx dx, (n= 1,2, ... ),

f cosznx dx

. u- f () sinus- (, .,;)
( 244).
20.

(80) sin , sin 2 ... , sin n, ...

[, 11:,

f
11

sin n sil1 m dx = , ( ),

'

Fui- f () ' (80)

f () = , sin + 2 sin 2 + ... + sin n + ... ,

11

f(x) sin 1[ dx 1t

= 11 = f
~ f () sin n dx, ( = 1,2, ... ),
f sin2 n dx

 184 r...

'I'. .. ur;'-08 . f () slllus- (o, 11:(

( 244).
'

(81) si , si 3, sin 5, .. , si (211 + 1) , .

op'l'OroB"'" .1 [, ; . j~p
I
["SjO (211-+ 1) s (2 + 1) dx - . =t= n.
.

url"-l pu l() .. (81)

'()-. Si+,Si3+ ... +cllI+ssin (211 + l)+ ... ,

. f(Z)Si(211+1)d ~
..+1 - -'0_._ _ _ _ _ _ _ = ~ f(x) sin (2n + 1) dx,
I

,101 (211 + l) d.x

.(11'" ,, 2, ), . POUjI-08 . f () 110 sllla-ua

' . [, 11:) .. f ( - ) = ~ f (). f (~ -) == f () ( 244,
....)
8. ..
. 2 n .
(82) 1, - ' ,cdS _ _ , , cos - - , ..
. I 1 I
roa.u . (, 1),
1

1 . cos -,- dx -= ,
II

1
.
.,
n
cos-Qs--d
I = .,

-L..n.,
~

_ Fourler-OB .. f(x) . .. (82) r

~. 2 . n
'()- - +1 cos-+ (ICOS-- + ... + c,.cos-+ ... ,
2 .I , ' 1 .
 Furlr- 135

,4!
1

f f(x) dx 1

,2 = 1 =
1 f f(x) dx,
f dx 0

() 08 - , - dx
. ntX

I
2 n
,,=--,---- == 1 f(x)cos-1-dx,
ntfX
08 2 -,-dx

11
. , - , f () $inU$ (, ~
(2 245),
5',

. t . 2tx .
(83) 810- SlO - - . ' , , SI --, ' . ,
1 11.
o818 [. 1].
1
m1t:x,
5 i n - - 8 1 O - - J x == ,
'It
m=t=n,
1 1

- , / () (83) Jl
,tfX . 2'1tx , a1t:X
'( ) = . 810 -", + 2 SlO - - + ' , , + " 810 - - + , , .,
1 1 1
,
1
')
/ ( n1t:x
5 1 0 - - d
. '.

. " = 1.------
1
=
2
1
. ntx
/ () 810 -1- dx,
' tntxd
810 --
1

, - , f () sinus- [0.1] (.N'!! 245).

6',

tf . 3'1tx . n'ltx
(84) 810-' 810--"", 51--
21 ' 21 21
 136

8.11 [, 1),
1

SI
. (2 + 1) 11:
SI
(2 + 1) 11: d
= ,

21 21

FourieroB f () (84)

11: 3 . t2 + 1) 11:
f () - Ct SI - + SI - - + ... + 1 "+1 SI -'-----:.-- + ... ,
21 21 21
,
1

jf. r ) , SI
. (2n + I)11:X. d
21

1

1"+1 == ~ ' () si (2n + 1)11: dx.

.
1
.
SI
I (2 + 1) 11:
21
d
'
=

21

.11:,-
.
- t (84) (81).
21
251. l. -

(85) ""'(), o/s(x),.", "',,(), ...

[, ] .
f () [, ). .
.

(86)
,4
J ,I(X)dX= f
n-
c~

1(66') " - (() 0/.. () dx

1'. ", nll/ (85) 4lJi un

Unl1le6 llu () . () ulIl [, ]. lIlj. .

(86") ()d- i
-=1
:. .1 () dx = f
n=1
:,

,,'" ()t.. ()d. " == . () "',. () dx

 Furlr- l7

(87) ).. () . () dx = f
n=
.. .. ,

n n ilm~ "n.
r. (86) 1 () + . (), h

=! (,. + ,,}2

[).
() + . ()]2 dx

f a~ + 2 n=I
)..2 () dx + 2 ).. () . () dx + .2 () dx = n=I f .. ,. + 11=1 :, t
-

, (86"), (87).

~ ,. ..
t=O

I.. .. I <-.!.. (a~ + b~),

2

1: (a~ + ~) .
n=

20. " j~ u (85) n n n"n

n" f (), n n" f (), " nn
nu (85) 7I nu" n . .
oCt f () ' - (85)
, (86'), Fi-
. , (86),

r () dx == , f(x) == .

, (85) n n1&U
n f () niip1&n - [, ] -
f () n, 1fJerOB 1& f {),
-

)""" to () + tl () + ... + .. \]1.. (x~ + ....

s () = \]10 () + 1 \]11 () + ... + .. \]1.. () + ... ;

\]1.. ()
l[ s () [, ]. q
 138

.. t () s ()
[, ]: f () == s () (, ], .

f () = to () + tj(x) + ... + . "'. () + ....

4~. lt . lt (85) (,)
lt t (), . ;- Jl
. t () . ulUlil ,
It .

f () -- "'. () + ~1 '\11 () + .. _+ '\1" () + ... ,

(. < 2)
. %t %t

(88) t () dx = '\10 () dx + 1 '\11 () dx + ... + " ,,() dx + ... ,

.

I 2 .

. %t %t

I
%.
f(x)dx - ~ . t. dX /< f/t(X) - ~ C.tldX~
. %.

<Sft(X) - !. t.ldX ~
Q

1) Schwartz-oe

( . ()

'"

() dX)
2

<;; );!() dx ",1 () dx, .

.t

 furier-~ u8 139

, 85),

lim
II-+CID
[1 () - .
11,,, t::::O
t v"J dx =
.


~' '

~[J ,()- ~.c" V1dX] -,

%,

. 81 (88).

252. 8R furir-o . - r
. n Jl.' f(x) 2n
FourieroB

(89) f (),..., ~ + ~ (. ! kx +" in, kx),

8

'. _, '. () == . + l + #11 sinx, ,

2 ' ,,' 2 ,

,.()
a.~1I
.... -
2
1: . OS ,kx + ." sin kx.
+ k=O "
_-. , '

. 8 ',~

(90) . () - ' + '1 () + . + "_1 ()

, ,

n q
/ (). S. () +1 .n8 (89) 1 , (21)
( 242), nlS

(91) () 1 /(' -
',.--
2' )Sin(2n
'. + l)Yd+
, st . sln , '.

2
+ 1- lf(X + 2y)sin (2.n + 1) dy.
l ,

sin (2 + 1) 2 sin. (2 + 1) sin ! 2 n - cos (2 + 2)

== 2 sinJ = 2 sin' v '
140 r Jl88

11-1 sio (2 + 1) . 1 7" cos 2 SiOI '1Y
~ sio == 2 sin2 sio l

, (90) (91),

f(x)a 1, . 00= 2, 0.= O~ ,.- $. ()== 1, (=, 1,2, ... ),

" == !!.... == 1, . . . - (!! 134,

. 410.)
2

(9~) 1 == ~ 81' d.
a~ siol

. f (), .ll

"

f () = - 2 {() sin' dy.

n~ sio'

(93)
.
. (. () - 1() == 11" 1 S[1 ( -
. 2) - 1()] sio'
sin'
d
+
. ,

1 '[t(x +
+ ........

f"

2) -.! ()] sin dy.

2

. S. () == f ()
II~OO

f (). ,er
./

&

-
1 S[(-2)-./()]
8io
.
1 21
dy+- [/(x-2Y)-I(x)]
sinl dy.
n~ S10 n~ 8io'y
&
 Furir- 141

, 1()
lf(x-2Y)-/(x)\<, 0<2<,

, (92),
/) /) 2

_1 \ '( - 2) - 1() \ sin 2 4< ~J Si~2 dy < ~ dy = ~

. sin2 s 2 '" sin2 2'

< <,

2 2

_1 JI/(x-2 )-/()\ sinZny d ~ 1. J\/(X-2-/()\d<~,

sin 2 """" s 2 8 2
/) /)

. (93)
~ . , "'
~ .

n () =-= f ()
n~""

1().
f (),
(92)

1( - ) + 1( + )
2

2
. _'f(x-O) + f(x + ) = _1 (I ( _ 2) _ f ( ...: ) Si~2.. dy +
2 s-

+ .!.. (1 ( + 2) - 1 ( + )] Si~1 dy.l)

s2 "

I
~ .

n () "'" 1(-) + 1( +,0) .-

(I~"" 2
8 t (). :

1) f ( - 2 ) ... f ( - ), lI f ( + 2 ) - f ( + ).
1~+0 1-++0
142

- u u 1 f () u 2 7t
1'0 " {() ~-.. .. 1) " "u
" 1 '(x~, z
, ( - ) + f ( + )
2
" ll ." . 2 )
- f () {()
s- , u ..
. ( () =, (),
n-+

, Fourier-OB.
'() [, 211:)
f () s- [, 2),
- f () / ()

:- ) + ,( + )
2
,
s- , , , - -
f () li f ()

f ( - 0.) + {( + ~
2 .
s- , ,
. Fui- {()
2; [, 2 ),
-
J.l [, ], , ..... + - - t,
:lc
{, ] 8 (, 2],
h Fui- f ()
,
10. ' "u "qu {() {, 2 ] .JIC
"

(94) f(X)==d 1 ()+[(! () -<11 ()+ .. , + [<1" ()-"-l ()] + .. ,

u.. " f () li-.l11.. .

t) UllJu'lU un"
2) < n
f () Cesar-OBOM .
 furler- 143

, , (94), 1() -= (.. ()

n. n~~

20. Fourier-OBU il1i u 1()

, i 1(). .
.. = .. = , ( = , 1,2, ... ), .
s.. (x)Ei'iO, (n=, 1,2, ...), a.. (x)Ei'iO(n=I,2, ...).
) =- . .. () .
.....
30. 11 () 12 () Fui-
l1i 1l1 .
1() - 1. () - 12 () Fui-
n, , ~ ,

1() == 11 () - 1" () = .. () Ei'i ; 11 () 12 ();

.......

25. Furir- L
- f () n [, 2n ~
Ftii-
. ~
-1!.. + ~ .. cos n + .. si n,
. 2 n=1

n
2

,.. = -1; f () cos n dx, ( == , , 2" ...),

(95)
. '"
.. = .. ) sin n dx, ( = 1,2, ...).
-

, f ()
Furi- , . n ,
,
n . ,. .
llh' n (95), :
h nII . 3 nll
. .,
n ' . n
(95) n n, n I n
. mh I (!! 143) n
. ' II n
.
144

[, 2rcJ

, 2'1t 2'1t
2-, ... ,
2'1t
(m-l)-, 2'1t,

f (), cos sin 1)

., YI, 2' . " -1' .

21t 2 21t
1, cos-n, cos 2-, ... , cos ( - 1) - cos 2 ,

2 rc ... , sin ( _ 1) 2 7t , sin 2 7t ,

. 22-,
, sin -, slO
~

(N!! 143), (95),

2 m-l 2 -l 2k1t
" ..... - ~ t (Xk) cos nXk = - ~ II cos - - ,
mk=O mk=O'
(96)
2 m-l . 2 m-l 2 k 1t
" """ - ~ t () sin = - ~ yk sin - -
mk=O mk=O

(95)
2
(96) m~oo. - = ~X, 4x~0

~ , (96)
1 m-l
" """ - ~ t () COS II f.. ,
n:k=O
1 -l
", <10::# - ~ f () sin II 4 ,
1t k=O

. k
1 -I 1
" - -
11:

-+
~
k=O
t () cos 4 = -
'It
t () cos dx,

2n
1 . -l

" - - ~ f () sin II L1 = ! () sin dx.

7t ~ ... k=O

h (96) .
' 4. h = 12
== 24, sin cos
.

2klf
COS nXIr= ! n - .

2klf
sln n& - sln - . (k = 0.1.2.. ).

 Furlr- 145

, "", 12 h

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

-l1
21t 51t 71t 41t 31t 5n
, -1t, '21:
-, '21:
-, -, - , '21:, -, -, - , -, -, 21t
6 3 2 3 6 3 2 3 6

, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 150', 1800, 2100, 2400, 2700, , 3300, 3600.

'/3 1
cos 30' ~ cos 330' = 2""' cos 600 ~ cos 30()0 - '2 ' 0890 = 08 270' = ,

cos 1200 = cos 240' = - 600, cos 1500 =- cos 210' == - cos ,
sin 300 = sin 1500 = ;. sin 6()0 = 8in 1200 _ "2 ' '
sin 21 = sin 3300 "'" - 8 300, sin 2400 ,.., sin 3()()0 = - sin 600.
(96)
11
60. = ~ ,
k=O

601 = ( - .) +' 131

2" (I -+ 11 - - ,) ~ (. + 10 - . - )'

6 1 ....
1
'2(. + Ys - , - )
"3 (. + . -
+ 2" - :l) + (. - .

1
, 6 . = ( .... . - . - ,) + 2" ( + 6 + , + - . - . - - ),

-3
6 . ~ 2(YI + + , + - . - YIi - 11) ,
.

I Fui- t-:
/ () (96) iI
~
11
" () = .....!. + ~ ( cos + sin )
2 =1
(() . 2 + 1 ,1) .

f (Xk) = " (~k) = +

2
f (, cos PXk + sin PXk) ,
=1

1) _ 2_ + 1 . , ( ... 1, 2, ... ).

10
146 r

k = , 1,2, ... , 2 . Ullll1iiu f ()

" (), ll1purolloMell1pUCIlU Ullll1u
/ i10UIl0. t ().
254. Fourier- . -
t () [- 1, + /], Furi- (.N'!! 245)
( . )
(97) f() = ~ + ~ o"cos-- + "s-- ,
2 nd Z 1
G f()'

f ( - ) + t ( + )
Z

+1
,. = 1
,-. t (t) cos
n1tt dt, -z- ( = , 1,2, ...),
-1

+1
" = - 1
1
' t(t) Sl _.
. -
t
Z
df, ( = 1,2, ... ).
-/

. (97), h

+1 +1
(98) f () = ~ t (t)
2Z
dt + f
n=1
~ t () cos (t - ) dl.
1 1
-1 -1

n 8
/ -t . , f () Jl
+1 '
(- 1, . + 1), . If (t) I dt ,
-1
+1
i t ( I dt < , . 8,I;8
-1
~ ~ .

I~ ! (t) dll< >

l-tao 2 1
H~J21
.!..
If (t)1 dt < 21
=
-1 -1

(98)

+1

1 t(t) cos -(1
;
(99) t () = ~ - - ) dt.
n=' 1 1
-1
 . Furier.. 147

(, ) h

2'11: , n~
2 = ._, ... , ,. = - , ... ,
1 1

(n+l)~ n1 n. (99) .

L..l = Un+ 1 ~ n = - -/- =' 7'

+1
f () = -
1 ~a,. f (t) cos n (t -: ) dt,
~.
~ I~oo n=l
-1

'

(100) f () = ~ f f! da (t)C05 (t - ) dt.

-CI>

ur- 8
Fui;- . h h :

! ()
u (-::, + ), Fui-
(100) , lii.4fQ '
! ()

f(x - ) + f ( + )
2

(100), h,

+ .
~JdaJf(t)cosa(t~X)dt= !(x-:-).+!(+),
~CI> 2
- .

, t ( -
. -.:....~_....:-.---=-~--.:.... -
) + f ( + ) _! (). "

2 '.

. + . , +-
I f (t) 05 (t - ) dt I~ I! (t) I dt ,.'
-CI> -CI>

83 f ( dt .'I "li
-
 148

.. (!! 2] 3)
+

t (t) cos (t - ) dt.

(2 214)
+ +

~
!.
11:
Jda. ! (t) cos . (t - ) dt = ~ ! ) dtJ cos . (f - ) da
11: ~CI)
_ -CI)

8.11,
< + +

-1 da f(t) cos (t - ) dt == lim -1 t (t) --"------'-

sin (t - ) dt.
..... ~ao t-
- -CI)

. 8 ..
(-,) (, +00)
" +
!. ! (t) sina (t - ) dt + ~ t ( sin (t - x~ dt
-.. 11: t- ~ 1r t-

.. t- .... - t - = ,

1 CI) ...

li-:-- ) sinay dy+ lim~Jf(x+y)sinay dy.

~. ~

~CI)~
-1 f. t <
( - )
sinay d

=
t(- )
2
,

(101)

. sin dy __ {( + )
-1 {(+ y)-~~
~ 11: 2

"
CI) CI)

--,
1 t ( -
) sin d - {( - ) = - 1 [ f ( - ) - t ( - ). d ]1)
SlO
t5 2 11: ,

CI)

1)

< sl
- - dy "" - , -
1f 1 t ( - )
sl dy =
t ( 2- )
, 2 1f

 fourfer- 149

"
.. f(x - ) - f'(x - ) sin ; dy + .. f f ( - ) + f ( - ) sin ; dy
~ ~

"
. f(x - ) - t ( - )
. 8

[, ]. f ( - .),
- +
( - ). , (t 241, r
10.)
11
.. f(x - ) - f(x - ) sin dy ..... ,
~ ~

(102) -IJ..J ,( -
~
) - f(x - ) Si;dl < ~
2

; Jl. , Jl8
f ( - ),

(103) 1 OII f(x - ) - f(x - ).

S1;d <-
I 1 )
1-
' 2

. (102) (103) AOKasyjy

(101). . 11
(101). u- (100).
(100)

1 ~ ~
(104) ) - -; da f (t) cos ; t cos dt + ~ da f(t) sina '-lin dt,
_ -10

.. ' .
f () = [ (;) cos + (a)~in .:] d ,

1) I

1 ~ - ) SI~ dy I =s ~ If (-) I dy < . 1110

.

1<1.
> 1 OJUI()CIIO > 1 ; 1: 1( ~ )

f slO, I

dy 1~ ~ 1f ( - ) 11 SI~ dy I< .
150

() = .-- f
+

1 I.(t) cos t dt,

11: .
- () = .~ 1 ( sin t dt.
+

f
- -

t (t) , t ( cos.a t f ( sin t

ln

2 '10 2
(105) '() = -;fdaft ) cos atcos xdt ~-;fcosa da I (t)cosa tdt.

t (t) ,

f f f
CD

(106) f(x) = ~ da f.(t) sin tsi xdt = ~ sin daf t ( sin tdt.
.

n 1() tn (, + )
. ;
(105) (106). n
mp1'li' H"~HTepBan (- , ).
. - ' n (105)

O~x < 1,

f() = ~, 8 = 1,
~

, > 1,
h

2 f

r. 'cos
.

2
f
da l (t)cos t dt - ~ cos da . cos tdt ...

.
1

. :"2'
O~x<l,

=:
cos axsina
da- I >: 1,

'0
, 38 > 1.
. . - n :

10., n(105) u

) = e-kx , k>O, >,

 Furlr- 151

-2
~.
fcos

xd '

e- kt cos tdt ... -2 k

"
f cos

d
~+~
=e-k:&,
.
>.

20. (106)

f(x) = e- k , k>O, >,

-2
~

.
sd

' 2 sin
-ktstdt=- .. d =e- kx ,
~

~+~
>.

255. 8 Furir- . - .
. ~Jl 1 )
. (107) ",.(,), '1'1('), ... , ",,,(,), ...
2 ( < < ; < <d) . 3
(107) il10 .,

"' (,.) ",,,{, ) dx dy = , 9= ,

'1',,{, ) ( - , 1, 2, ...), '

1' 2 je~ 8 (107) -

f
"'~ (, ) dx dy -

k" = 11 "'" 111,

k" > . 'Y~" t . (,

.
Vk,,= VJJ~'(X' )
h
dxdy = IIt" 11, ( = , 1; 2, .. ).

Ii "'" 11 =. I ( = . 1; 2, ... ) (107) . ~
.. .

' f(x, )
2 ( < ~ , < <. d)
.
(108) f (,.) = . "'. (, ) + 1 tl (, ) + ... + " ",.(, ) + ... ,
" '1'. (. ) ( ... , 1, 2, ... )
ll ",

1).~ ~ .
152 4

" ( = 0,1,2, ...) .

,

Jf(X,y) '1'.(x,y) dx dy Sf(X,y)o/,,(X,y) d~dy

(109) ... }2
== .:..1.:...-_ _ _ _ _ _-

JJ~(X,y)dXdy /1'1'.112
1.

(108) ;. ('" , 1,2... )

(109) Fourier-OB f (, )
lfu -
f(x, ). . '1'.. (, ) ,
(108) ' (109) -
111. Fui-u. imU. f (, ').
Fi- f ()
, ~
- f (, )
.

Fi-
Jl.
 r:

1.

256. aJl . - nq
n " n
". , , ,
"u, , , . .llll
".
nq u. . .
q . ""
uu. , ~, , Jt.
Jl nq ,
,. , ,
su ( n). n II.
Jl JI q
. , nq
~.

...
(CJI. 170).

...
, " "
...
h . 170
"
:

10. (n , .l), . ;
2'. q ;
30. . .
q UUlf t".
... SRe
, . q
, nan n
, . .. CII
. 08.1l1l11 1fellllll ..
154 r

seIt11l0pu. t ) ~
I&u, , II
. .
1l1. I&.,
, , .
h .
~ - r
, , ,
I ' I 1. II h
...
~a , ,

, 1 1.
...
257. . - .
. =
...
,

..

. 171
~

=' . &

( ), =
...
(. 171), .

+,== .
~

= , -
.

'

= ,
... h (
-+
') = : I
(. 171).

+=+.

. I&.1l1 ".

raj
8, h
.

1) () ili/{.
Mory . ' .
 1. .r. 155

nlb .
. , , ,

~
.

. 172

d. 3. l~~
d , ~ . ~e (. 172)
a+b=d, d+c=e,
.

(1) (+)+ = ++= .

n ,
If , ' f; lCrOplf "
. .
b+c=f, a+f==e,
.

(2) +(+) = ++ =.
(1) (2)
.-
(+)+ - +(+),
Ti. . uuu ".
~ . . ~
. 80C'f)a. ,
~ -+ '.
{\ , ' 3l,1
, , n

lel == la+b+cl~lal+lbl+lcl,
. n. n 8
.

, , n
n , n. n
nJl1l n.
156 . r_

258. 8 BelCOpa. - .

. , - = , === + ,

(3) - - == +( -),
. (3) ,
&f
-+ -+ -+ -+-+
(- ) (. 173). n =: 0.4., =, -- , =.
n , ,
,
n
Icl ..... la-bl>lal-lbl

+

O-r------.,..:A

8
. 173
- , Jt (3)

- = +( -) = ,

. n.

, Jl
n n .
259. ' ' .. -
n k ka n ak, k ,II
, Ik - Ik 11 1, k >
k < . " 8 n

k =- k, ... . .. , 1 - , - 1 . =-- .
8 Bercop n

='Ia ,.,
: & Jt 1 1 .
k I n . , 8 ,

I(ka) == (Ik) - k(la) ,

 1. 8' 157

ll(ka)I.= Il\lkal = Illlkllat.
\k(la)1 '"" Iklllal = Iklllllal.
.

k, h

k.(a+ ) = ka+kb.
-+ -+
= , 1 = ka,
-+ -..
=, 1 1 =kb, -
1 1
, , 1
-+
. 1 -
-+ . 174
= k . (. 174)
-+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -..
= + - +, 1 - + 1 = ka+kb.

(4) k(a+b)= ka+kb.

.

(5) (k+l) .... ka+ la,

k 1 . , k 1
.

I(k+l}a\-\k+l\\a\ = (\k\ + \1\) \ 1-\lkal+l1all.

(4) (5) 6 .

k . :
'

~, . ~h
1 1
. -=----.
k k . k
260. l . -

lJ ....
=
...
-+
() (.
-
, 1 ll ll

Jl.Jl ll' 1 -
-+
175).

ll .
.
Jlll
158 r

-+
= 1 81

.. I I ,
p~

D
8
,,
I
I

I
I I

;82 2 :
. I
I

81 D1 1 -
, 175

-+
= 8 ulIi ulIi
cll1 lIIer.oBe KoMUOHe1tl1le , . +, . .
ilo.HeHllle tlli1 lilIi. -, .. ,
Jt lt.li lili ll
. l(Q h = Iap I
= . .
CJIII .,

= 1 8 1 = lapl
i

. :- -C1 D 1 = -1 1.
r ~ .
(. 175), .

(6) - 1 1 =8, = A8co~ = lalc05.,

.

, --1 D1 = - D" == - 05 (1t-<p) =- CD 05 rp = '' cos rp.

()
t cosinus-a
.
' ,

rp= ; (05 ; = } \f, , , (6),

 1. 8 . 159

I I cos = ,
.

,
.

, _~OMnOtfeHTe h
. 1 )
~u
6. u oj~Hx () .

, , , d , . (. 176)
-+
+ b+c+d - .
h

+ + Cp+dp = I I _+ I 1 -I I + 1 I = 1 1
-+
I I ' , .

'.
1 I = = (+++ d)p,

(a+b+c+d)p = ap+bp+cD+dp ,
.

w
.

1) , 6h (. 175)
160 r

~e
ll. , ii

.. 8
...

...
, ,
-+
1 81' == 1 8 1 ,
= I I .

251. . ~
-+
= .
, , Oz
(. 177). ,
,
. ,
A~ - -------------- -----" R1 ,Rz , R.
,,
,,
, , , , " \\\ , \
.~ Oyz,
,- , \ Ozx, , h
f.------- ------------
\
'
\
\ , , Oz
\
\ \
\
\ \ 1 , 2 , . -
\
\
\
\
\
\
\

.
...
=
...
\
1 , =:!,
...
\.
\
\

\ \ ~~/~2 az == . -
\ R1 \ ,," =
l
\
____________________\~// , , , Oz,
= 1 , != ,

. 171
az - .

=
-
.
. , , Oz.

; , Oz
. ... .... ...
(7) -
. .
ax+ay+a z ;": 1 + 2 +.,

, . ' .
1 , , . , , Oz
, , Oz,

(8)
", , 'az ", , Oz
Oxyz 1 , , -
 1. pcu 'IIre6pa 161

Oxyz. (8) , II
()
; . , .

. , . .ll
-.

,

8.
BeKmop
04'-----.--1------
. , 1.
-+
= , CJr; 178
. -
. .II
(. 178). .ll 8 (7) (8)
-+ -+
= +, = 1 + ., - 1 + , ..

. , , Oz HOpM8.IIHe
------------------~ ,
,,"
" I
I
Destes- .ll
?
, ,,," I (:. 179).
/ , , Oz
,
.ll :
, f, ,k.

I
I /', Oxyz f (1, , ), .
I /
I ," (, 1, ), k (, '0, 1).
.. -------- --_._-----....,1,' (8) :

(9) = axf+a"f+azk,
. 179 ", " : Ilpu
: u
.ll Oxyz f, , k " Descar-
les- :" Oxyz. IX, " i :' :
.,
. " : ~x, , OZz

(10) = I I cos IX, , - I I cos , : == I I cos r .

MaTeaa8'lRa Ull 11
162 r

~ (9)
= lal [ cos :+ eos ~+k ),

= 1.0 [ : + eos ~ +- k cos = f ' IX + ~ + k .

, qII (9),

(11) I I = "a~ + a~ + ~ ,

, , ll
= = , ... ' (9) (1}~ ,
, , , az
. (9)
= (.. , , az),
a~, , , lJ>efOBe () Descar-
tes- Oxyz. 80
(9)

, = xi+yj+zk, , = (x,y,z),
.- , =- , z = ! t ()
OXy'z.

h , Q
Q. 8ll,

(12)

=- (ll .. ) i + ( ) +(, bz) k
, ,
' ll . , ,
. . .
h , , (12), '

i++zk = i+"+zk,

. a~ =, ! = , ! =b~.

. - }. u
MN lJ (. 180). ltu,

MN= P+Q
-2
 1. 8 163

-+ -+
= AD,_ q ;= . MADN
-+ -+ -+
MN == +p+DN ,
8 MBCN

-+ -+ -+
MN-+q+ CN.
h h
-+ -+ -+ -+-+
2MN ~ ++ +q +DN+CN = p+q,

AIi---:--.L---~
D
, 180 , 181
-+.... -+-+
+ = , DN + CN = , Jl .

20. , !' -
-+ -+ ""?
u AD+BE+CF = (. 181).

, .

-+ -+
-+-, CP=a+-,
2 2
,-+
=='+ - .
. 2
"
, h

-+ -+ -+ 1 3
++= a+b+c+-(++)= -( ++) =
2 2
++ = .
.

t1. - ~ :

10. 1Ulu,
' (. 182),
164 . .

- -
{
81:= -+ = -
(13)
-+ -
DE---
-:+~ -+
=--
b~C' -+
---
-: '
2' 2 ' 2
, h
-+ -+ ..,. -+ ... -+
AB+BC+CD+DE+EF+fA =- ,

. ll . ,ll
80Jl " ' .
. (13) cJleAyje
-+ -+ -+
--.
-+ ...
MN = ,
... -+ -+ -+ -+
""" h NP-CD (CJl. 183). I8, CD
1 .
... ,
... . ,llJl 1
... ... -+
ACD 1 . - , CD "8k,
poyrao.MNP 80 yrao . ,

~--
-- N

. 182 . 183
-+... -+
, . 000. . , CD DE,
, 1 BCDE
8 6(} . h ,

, . 8, .
 1. enopea a.llre6pa 165

20, I& + -. ll .
2 ,
. 2 .
8 . .
.

, Ilpyr" lll jeRHallUX " ll.

-+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+
. , , , . Il" + + + + - 3 .
-
. -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+
, + AF = + == , + =-
-+ -+ -+
-BD+AE==AD, .
40. , . - (3, 4, 5)
"" Belllllop ll lI1.
( = 3, 1 == 4, az == 5)
a=3i+4j+5k, '' = )'9+ 16 + 25 '"'" 5V2, = 3i+4j+5k,
52

3V2 2V2 V2
cos = -10 ' cos ~ == 5 ' cos =- -2" - 45' .

. 5'. . ,
. . Iloje cellY mIlU .
-+ -+ -+ -+
ll, ++ - 2 .
Q. ,
-+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+
+= , + == , + = , ++ = .
CTora , ,
-+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ --+
+++++ = 3 .
, ,
-+ -+ -+ -+
++ == 2. '.
." " IIlllJp lJ.
6'.
" S, , , 06'JlC. peClJellmUBHo
-+ -+ -+ -+ -+ ...
, , , "' AS + BS + CS - DS + BS + FS.
j~ "8 lI ,
-+ -+ -+ ... -+ -+ ... -+ -+
AD+DS==AS, BE+ES-BS, CF+FS = CS,
8 ,
... -+ ... ... -+ -+ -+ -+ -+
AD+BE+CF+DS+BS+FS= AS+BS+CS,
166

-+ -+ -+
, + + ,= ,
-+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+
AS+BS+CS = DS +ES+PS.
70. u uu. u uu , Belll~pa
= (5,-2,4) ii m.

1, I= \12-5 + 4+6- = "45, = ~ = ~~~~1-1- ~ !t

I! V45
5 -2 4
cos = ~45' cos ~ = 45' cos = "45 .
-+
80. =
Oxyz. 1 il m (. 184).
~ ( 1 , 1. Zl)
(., !> z2)-Kpaj
-+
HekTopa = ,
=r2 -r1 r1 r2
8
, .

r1 = 1 i + yt t
k. Zl
r2 = x 2 i+Y2j+Z2 k .
O~______~______

a=(X 2 -) i+(Y2- ,)+

/
+ (Z2-Z1) k,

: I = \ a~ +a;+-a~ = \ ( 2 - 1):)-- - (y;=y-;Y~ -+ (Z2 - ZJ2 ,

sis-
II - 1
COSo: = - - - -, - ,

90. ll ,1 li 3,
li li.4t ii}'
. li. .I/. Heraili'IBHlI.U . Oz
.

= i + + , k, (
)
= - cos = -305 , = : : cos (% -= COS:x,
: = - ! ! cos ( = - 3 5 0:,
 1. 167

1
= 3 cos IX ( - ;-" - k), 3 = v3 . 9 cos J , COSIX = -=,
V3

= v"3 ( - i + - k) ..
10. . uu (2,-5,3)
u r 1 (4, 1, 2) u r 2 (3, - 2, 5), -
-+ ... -+-+
u . . r, ~ , r 2 = . Hahu
-+
}, u .
u n , .
-i> -+ -+
= + = 2i-5j+3k+ 4f+j+2k -~ 6f-4j+5k, (6,-4,5),
... ... ...
= + ~ 6f-4j+5k+3i-~j+5k = 9f-+l0k, (9,-6,10),.-
-. -+-+
=-AB-8C=-4i-j-2k-3i+2j-5k = -7i+j-8k.
262. .
u ii.110U li
cosinusa u.4t , .

4 . = I I I cos (, ) .
,
, , r .

Bel{-

D u

. -
-+ ...
....
.... = = 08
....
('l. 185). I<.~
....
...
'---~------~----------~~..~

(~.1. 185 = .. "~, I 1 cos (, ),

u h

= ( = ! I cos (, ) = I I cos [- (, )] = I' cos (. ).

h i 1 1, h (1"4).
., I = ' = I 11 1 cos (, ) ~= .
168 r

:
10. l<u u() l< uh , aifo Bel<-
01<0 ~I<U u.
(14).
20. nu u uu 11 llt!, ull (14),
(15) ab=lallbl,
3HaI<0.4t +, 01(0 l< , 3HaKO.+I 01<0

u . =. (15)

. = 2 = ! 12 = " .
30. (14)

I .I = 1 11 11 cos (, ) I < I 11 ! ,
. (
) .

40. .4t :Ii, liij.

=,

. = ! 11 i cos (, ) = 1 I i 1 cos [ - (, )] = I ! I I cos (, ) =:: . .

. ,
. 8
8 h : , k ( ) = (k ) =
= (kb), 8.

50, u u lluliiUll , liij.

(1 ) (+) = + .
, .

. , h

(a+bklcl =aclcl-rbclcl,
( + ), ,
' .

, ,
(16), .
gtd,

( + ) . ( + d) = . + .d + . + .d .
263.
. -

(17)
 1. 8I n6 169

111 l
! Oxyz, , , k lI1I , :.
11 , oApeAllheMo
~

11-1, {-, fk-O,

=, -l, Jk-O,
kj-;), kj=O, kk-l.
, ,

(18) = ( ++ : k) ( f + + : k) = ++: bz,

rAe l
. (18)
llh
. 3 = h

. = + ~, + .
z

(14) (18)

(19) cos ( ) = axbx+ayby+ozbz

. == + ,,
' + tilzb:r
, lallbl "o~+o~+a: ,,~+~+~
CZ I , ~1' I II
, , Oz ' 11., ~., II II
. .. , 8 (17),

(20) { ... 1 I cos 11., ... I 1 COS~1 , az - I I 08 1 ;

,,= I I cos IIS; , - I
cos ~, ~ - I I cos .

(19) (20) ' 8l - .

i

cos (, ) =- cos lZt IZS + 08 ~. cos ,,+ cos 1 08 '.

3 ..... , h 111 == . , '1 - 1. . r.
., l8

1 .... COSIlIlI + cos' ~1 + 08' 1

lll u .
F 1- , .
R =- , _ - 1f 11_1 cos 11 ,
11 .. ' .
170

. - 10. .lIiU cosinus-ny ..

= - (. 186).

= (-)(-) =
= (-) -(-) =
= aa--+=

= aa-2()+

. 186
2 = 2 + 2 - 21 11 1 cos (, ) .
( 1. ), n cos (, )= cos ~ =
2
~ 2 = + 2
20. u.~ = 2 + = 3- ,
1t
ll = 2, Ibl = 1 (,) = "

cos ( ) = 1'
IAIIB
n , 1 1 1 1.

= (2a+3b)(3a-) =6(aa}+9(ba)-2()-3() =
7t
= 6 + 7 ( . ) - 3 = 6 . 22 + 7 . 2 . 1 . cos"3 - 3 . = 28 ;

= (2 +3)(2+3) = 4()+6()+6(.) + 9() =

1t
=42 + 12 ( )+9 2 = 422+ 12 2 1 cos "3+9.12 = 37,
. :I = 37., 1 1 = '137 ;
. - (3 - ) (3 -) = 9 2 -6 ( ) + =

=9.21 -6.2.I.COS; +12=31-, 82=31, 'I = '/31.

28
cos (. ) = V ~ 0,8, ..;: (, ) ~ 300.
'/37 31
 1. 8 n 111

8::",. - h :
1'. Haftu u" Be"ll1()pa -- 2 f + - k i1paBaqBe"1l10pa
.==- f-+k.

'' = ,
Q , ,
(2f+-k)(-f-+k) -6--l 10
=/= "11 = "11=-"11'
2'. "ll1, ". . "ll1
" ". " i1 c1l1paHa (. 181).
,

'= +, d == -,

-'(+).(+) .. 2 +
2(),'
dd= (-) (-) = a2 +b2 -2 ( ),

C'+d2 "'" 2 ( + ). . 187

'. '"s Cauchy-Shwlz-'

. (21) (x 1 + l 2+ Zl z.)t." (x~+J1+ z~)(x~ +ra+z~
80

"", 1 i +- YI j+Zl k, = ! + Ytj+z,k,

( ) = 2 2 cos (, ) < 2

(21).
40. "ll1u, " :; llU

" .! ", .
4 ~

(. 181)

-+ -+ -+
(22) ++=, AD=b+ 2' = +"2' - +-,
2

... -+ ... -+ ) . + i"
... -+ ( +"2
ADAD+CFCF+BEBE- ) + (
172 . ......

(23)

. . (22), h

(++)1 = (++) (++) = ,

. (23)
-+ -+ -+ 3
AD2+CFl+BE2 = _( 2 +2 + 2 ),
4
..

50. ) ll1, BeKll10pu

(24) = i - + 2 k, == i + 2 - k, &:3 i ++k

.

3 1 , 2 , , n ,

~ Ai ; = 1 1 + . : + ... + n n ... ,
t=1

. I..i (i = 1,2, ... , ) . I.

., .
ll1 (24)

1 + 2 + . = (1..1 + f- 3 ,) i + ( - 1 + 2 2 -+ ,) + (2 1.1 - 1..2 + ) k = ,

~,

t +1.+3. - , -I +21.+ = , 21 - +)., = .

., , i... )..
0.1(. , ' (24) .

) UUJl .#) I1l0 (24),

1 4 4
cos (, ) ==
la .1 I


=- -2' cos (, ) = ~/6-6-'
,. cos ( )---'-...
V66
'. 8elll1l0p . HII#t1l lll . ,
I1ll ll ll11l0 ll lJpultl1l0
ll .

-= lal cos (, ),
1' ..... (, ). = , I I
 1. 8 ll 173

lalcos(a,b)-Iblcos(a,b), lal=/b/. ,
.

70.

= 2 f + + z k, == - f + 4 + 2 k, - 31- 3 - k.
n z . llu. . u
311i1l . + + ,
. -2~4y+2z = ,
cos(a, ) -= - - - , . .
lll
"4
+ 2 + Zl VII

cos(a, ) == - - -
6-3y-z = ,
, /~al/c / V4+yl+Z' '119
.
-2+4y+2z-0, 6-3-z .... ,

( -5, z--9. a=2f+5j-9k, l/-"110, ++

- 41+6J-8k,
cos (.+'+) = '1 .110v - ~-
55
110 116 58
80. IJ lJ.. . . , lll
+ . . " . ' ?

cos (+, ) _ ( + ) _ ',

l+/ll

(+IJ). == +. ) -

l=_..

98, n I"" 80. 2 -21J ".. II

uull 6lll Ii ~ ~am.pBjy . .

( h
(2 - 3 ) .... (.2 )-
260),
-(3). (2) - 21&1 cosoc, (2} -21
cos~, "
(2 - 3 } = 21 ' cos :- 21 1cos ~ .
1(). .lj .
. .lUf u
, , Oz.
.. , .
.. , , Oz,
cos (, ) == . ,
 174

"1)
= COS Q\ (1 + + k) = 3" (1 + +k)
Q\ , ,
.

cos ( I ) ="3
"6 = 1(2
V'

110. . b=I+J+k.
= i + + Dz k,

-Ial cos (, ) = lal. _ ~ ax+;y+a z

lallbl 3
120. 3 u., u
. h ll . .
. .

, =+ .'I =-. = =

=
__ . =
__ ._ =
__ ,
.
b~=b- --.

', '' '' lal 2 lal 2

130. , 1 1= I l'
2 + . .
if 1 I 1 1 + = , r
I' = 1 1. 2 :
Jf. 8 2 , 3+
2 + b.Lb.
140. . 1 1 2 + .
l 1 1. / , 1 1 .lf
.' .
.
38 I 1 - D D .
... -+ -+ -... -+ -+
+ '= ' + , ",. lal: + = ,
-+ -+
!2+I = jal, . - .. l+
= 12+
t>8

" 1al 2 + 1 12 + 21 11 I'cos = v41 12 + I 12 + 41 11 1cos

cos9=_~L:l. laI2 =laI 2 +lbI 2 +2IallblcosG,
2 1

i 1=
---
-
-
21 1cos , cos = 11, i == v. 1 1 I .
1) cos2 a + cos2 a + cos' = 1,
2 1 "3
cos = "3' cos - 3- .
 1. 175

150. / (5, - 3,4),

lal= Ibl.
ll="~+~=I
v~25-+~+16== '150 a~+
+ a~ = 50, n (5 i - 3 + 4 k) . ( i + ) =
= 5 -3 = . a~+o; = 50, 5 -3 = = .~.
25 7
- - '
-'

160. f uuu IC Koitl fl

.(3,6,8) .
= i cos + COS ~ + k cos
. ~

38~ COS = , = -2-' ~ cos ~+k cos =+: k.

= cos2 ~ + cos 2 = ; + ;. .l h
(3 i + 6 + 8 k) . ( + 1I, k) = 6 lI + 8 II z =
4 3
1I~ + 11; = 1, 3I1 +411, = lI =- - 5' = 5"

+: k).
II z

~ (:
264. 8I( ':. -
... -+
:1 = = 08,
8,
DD 1 I<
8
8 (. 188).
DD 1 . 8
-)

.
-+
08 !th , -
D n
-+
.
-+
08
h, D1
n' .
. -+

, :
. 188
.

1) ' 1
.
176 .

8u llu u Bellli10p , ",,;f.

" . " ll
. , . ". , .
...
..1D - il " ,

.- ,

(25) I ] = I 1 = 1 11 1 sin (, ) ,
1 '
. ,
,

(26) = lallbl sin (, ) ,

... . .

cJleAyjy :

10. 8"" BeKl1iopa h ,

'1ll0 1l"0 .
06III .II I( (25). 3 = 6h
=0.
2', 8 Ull8 U ., . (26),

-Iallbln,
UII, . (25),
laxbl-Iallbl
'. 3tJ ll lJ ".l1lu
., .Jl8.u

... -.

,0I, .
I 8 ,
II . .

40. ,

(27) () = () = ().

, > ,
l(}..) 1'""' Ill
sin (, ) = 1 Ilbl sin (, ),
l(}") 1= lll ' sin (, ) = lll ' sin (,),
I}.. ( ) 1== l 11 I sin (, ),
sin ( , ) = sin (, ) "'" sin (, ),
.llII ' > ,
, !
 1. 8 n 177

(27) , , .
(27) > .
< 0.1) ~ (27) n .

50. ullllll .." , f1l

, uulll ., lllj.
(28) (+) =+.
-+ -+ -+
= , = 08, == R -
-+
= (. 189).
D

. 189
.. -+ -+
: , == +, .... R h 2)
1 = I I cos ( 1 8) == I I sin(b, },
(29) . = Iclces (Ci ) -= ,l sin(e,a),
001 == Ib+cl cos(Dj OD) =Ib+cl si(+, ),
'.

... ... -+
(30) = , .::::;: , OD. = (+),

~ R, 8n ~s ,I l 80,
-+ -+ ...
DOA. < , 08., .,' OD. n

1) 3 < JUl4R (27) .

ra eroB .
1) nn OCD8 R n . D. 81'

12
178

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

8 1 , 1 , OD 1 081' !, OD 1
~ ~ ~ .
= 08, = , + = R,
~ -+ ...
1 == 081 + 1
(30), (29),

08" = 'l = I
l
sin (, ) = 08 1 ll

2 = Icxal-Icllal sin (, al= 1 Il,

2 = 1 ( + )l = '+ cllal sin (+,)= 1 'lal,

. 082 D 1 Cz
081 D 1 , , 081 D J 1
081 1 1 I 1
900. 082 2 2
~ ~ -+
2 = 082 + OCz
, (30),
( +) = + ,
(28).

(+) - +: (+) = +.

(a+b)x(c+d) ~= axc+bxc+axd+bxd.
~ 8
. ~

(31) =- +oyj+ozk, = l++zk

Oxyz. ,
, h
II=, iXj=k, iXk--,

jxl= .... k, =, jXk=l,

kXI = , k = -1, kXk ... 0.
,

(32) = (l+ +ozk) (.. + + bzk) =

= .. () + .. tjXil + . b.. (kX )+ (I) +

+ (}+. (kxjl +0.. (iXk)+oy z (jXk)+
+. (k k) = ( - . ) '+(. - bz)j +
+ ( - ) k = d" 1 +dyj +dz k
 1. l.II 179

i k
(32') - "
:

h IJl
.

h. ,
, , , . ,
. (32),

-:- -", -

- -,,
: ,

. = .... :
:

(O.II) .

. - U
a ..... 2f+3j-k, == -31-j +k.

i k
= 2 3 -1 =2f+j+7k.
-3 -1 +1
08
laxbl- V4~1+49-V54
266. m . -
-+ --+ --+ '.
= , == 08, == (. 190).

() .- []
-+
ulii . .' = -= d,
<): (. d) =:= ~ , , l ,

() - laXb Ilel cos (,) -Idllelcos(d, ) -Idllel cos,

Iaxbl = Iallblsin (, ) =
12*
180 !I

.. ,

Iclcos(aXb,c) = !clcos(d,c) = !clcoscx = = h

H~ .

, , .

(33) ()=

= [] = Ph = V,
V

...
(33)
. 190 ,

, ,
(. 190). .
, (33) h , .

().= [1 =-v.
, fa ) .
.., , ,
, , .

, , , (. 190)

(34) v= [] = [] = [],

(35) - v "'" [] = [] = [].

, , h Descartes-
. <? Oxyz

(35') a=axi+ayj+a~k. b=bxi+byj+bzk, c=cxi+cyj+czk,

, '32'). (34) (35'),

() = [] = : = .

(34) (35).
.ll , . ,
 1. BeKTopclI 181

[()]2=[]2= =V 2 ,.
I
m- , , .

h , .

(36) ().=,

1) , 2)
,1> 3) .
, '(36)
.lifii , , .
,
.

. - BeKTopl4 , , (lO
(. 190),

V1 = ~ ~ lallblsin(a,b)h=- ~ laXbllclcoscr;= ~ [()]= ~[:bC].

'7. . -

(37) ()

ll.
. (37)
, .

(38). () ",. b+~c,

.; ( ~ ..;.

.; .; (38), h , , '
h .;. .; (3'). .;
'.
() -= axd ~ ( + +zk'(di +dyj+dzk),
, (32-),
(39) ( ) : ("++ , k) [(bycz-b z ) i + (b z -" ,), +
+ ( CY-Jl , k] = " i + +ezk,
.; , .; .. ,

= (-) - a,(blcx-z) = --zz+zz.

) .
182

lt , h <:

~=~~~-~~~-~~~+~~~+~~~-~~~-
- ( + , c,:f- , .cz) - ( + , , +.-, ,) -=
- ( ) -( )
.ct!

, -= ( ) ,-( ) ,, , -= ( ) ,-(. ) Cz

.. " , , (39), ,
8,

(40) () - ( ) ( i+ )l+, k) - ( ) (. +)l+, k) =

-- (ac)b-(),

. (38),
/&-=, ~--ab.

() =- ()':"-() I
(41) {
() - ( ) .-( ).
h lI (40) (41) ..h..

()+()+() ....
n.... ,.

ax(bXc)-,
1) . n,2) nlJ,
3) n.811 .

268. CKuapBB 8 < 8. -

() (cXd)
CteaJCapHU u Btlte1l1opCtea .
. m - .
. d - ,

() (cxd) - () .
, (34),
() - (),

(aXb)(cXd) == (.) - [bx(cxd)].a,
n , .. (40),

(') (cXd) - [( d) - ( ) d]
 1. 8 183

..

(42) ( ) (~xd) = ( )( d) - ( d),

(43) (aXb)(cXd)= ad 1.
bd.
=, b=d (42) (43)

( 44) ( )8 = 02 1\ _ ( . ' =; IIba

.~ .

I'
,
Lagrange-ea ultulIilIi. .

(26),

I
'
(45) ()2 = . = 0202 sin 2 (, ) _ ,
. .
Q .
(45), ,
- 11leAtulIi .
,
Lgng- (44)

(o,.b%-% ,)2 + (: " - " %) -t ( - )! =

= (~+ ; +~) (~+ ~ + o~)-(axbx + ,+% 0%)1.
269. 8 8. -
~

( b)x(cXd)
80.
. -= , , (40),
()( ><d) - ex(cxd) =- c(d e)-d ( )
.
, ,
"

. () (cxd) = c(d (aXb)]-d () ]"

, (33),

(46) () (cXd) - [dab]-d[abc] :

,
,l(. 1 )

(47) (aXb)x(cxd) 0& b[acd]-a[bcd].

1) .h d - f .
 184 r n .

{46) (47)
[bcdJ - [acd} + [dab) - 4 [] -= .

.

270. . -
1 , . l' 2 , . . 8 88
, &

(48) & = &1 +:+.- 01 1 +.+.

01' , . ! . 1)
(48) ,.,
(49) . . ( .) == 01 ( ) 1
, ,

. ' (.' .) = , . ' ( .) =,

(50)
, ( .) == .( 1 ) , ,
.'l (49) (50) .

(11 =,.
, . =
d l' (1,==
e~ 1 =&'."
d .-,
e t 2 =,
d 3'
~~~ . ~~~ ~~~

= ( d 1) 1 + ( d) 2 + (, d.) .,
' d1 , d., &.~.,
1 .,

(51) d1 -= . ., d. = e~_xel, d. __1 .

[ 1 . . [es-e. . [ 1 .
, d1 BOpMaJIaH ., d:
41 I . 1 , d.
1 " . , (51),

d 1 , 1 - 1, d1 ' .... , d1 , . =0..

~d" 1 .. , d" . -- 1, d.' . """,
d. , 1 = , d.'e,-O, d s ,ea =l.

1) . .. - 8. uop .. . ..
8z . . .. .. .
 1. ure6pa 185

m (51) n

n
t

, (46),
1..
[d d d)-(d Xd).d .... [(..)( . 1)( .)
[1 . .]'

[d1 d. d.] [ . ,' = {[1 . , - [. . . 1 } ( 1 ) -

== [ 1 . . . . ( 1 .) ... [1 . .2

(52)
: , d.:, d. , d. Od s d. d.
1 . .. (52)
, Jla ..

. OCHOBHor
Od t did. h 1 ., ..
. m u.
, Od. d.d_.

:= ( e 1 )d1 +( e.)d.+(a e.)d.

. Dsfs-
,. , k , , (51),
jxk . f kXi
d 1 - [ijkJ = 1=1, d.= [iJk] =, d, = [iJk] = k.
CTora ct>

{)
. ,
= ( )+( )+( k)k,
.

(52) w ,
. n d 1 d.d.
! . ..

d . 1 d 1 d, e'1 1) 1 I
Vd Ve - d. l . d a . d. e!ll == 1. - 1.
d, . 1 d . . d. .1 1

1) d t dw. d. e t . es
Descartes-oa n . .
ll1~. . Vd
186

..,. - 10. n u I: ljQl&u..,

a .... 3i+j+2k, b'802f-2j+4k

..,lj ",.

=~lI=4,
2

I i ) k
.= ~ _~ I : = 8i-8j-.8k, 1 1=8 '13.

(44) (45) h

2 -= "41 [l * - ( )I] = 4"1 [14.24-(6-2+8)1]=== 48,

-4V.
12 1 1 8 v
cos(a,b) = "14.'124' S1(, )= -; Ibl = '114. 24'

S 2 (, ) + cos 2 (. ) == -144 643
- + --- = 1
1424 14 24
20. l&ll1 - )(+)
.
-2 (), ( .-:) ( + )-
= - + axb- - 2()
6",. - 8:

1'. n D..,l&QC UuD lj l&u..,

. , ucll10ra ll1ulIl, l& U ll1 6fJO
JfUU .

3il

V = 1 1I sin 60' . 1 1cos () == 1 18 V~

4
2'. n D il.., t

a=i-3j,+k. b=2f-j+k.
w
= 1 1 - "3u ,

f k
-= 1 -3 +1 =-2f+j+5k.
2 -1 +1
30. = 2 i +4 . n
.., .., U.vll1a Reftu.., lllfi.'mmiil.
 1. . 187

- i + , ; , YCJlOBY

ab+~ . -
cos(a )- , )/=0 Ibl-'Vb2+b2=2Ial-2V2U
, lallbl " . ,

2 + 4 , = . : + ~ .... 80,

oaJIe ." - 4, =- 1= 8. b l = - 8 f + 4 ,
- 81-4 , .
4', Haltu Q el - + k, ! = k + {, , - i + .
.. (51), h

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
d t ---1+ -+ ~k
2 22' d. = 2 i - 2 + 2 k, d - 2' + -2' - .2' k .
50, Ull.
, ll. , .
ltllJll Beltlop.e .

, . ,

- f + , - , + )/ , = i +
lal = I
== lel- 1.
. h = .
1200,

cos (, ) .... cos (, ) - cos (, ) = cos 1200 = - sin 30' = - .!.

2

'.

1/3 1
=. =-2 ,- 2",
188 .. l' .. u
60. lt l1 =. 2 i - +3 k KoopAUHailiHe

= lal sin (, k) == lal vl-cos ' (a;k) = V14 "1- 194 - ,

,,': ... ' 1sin (, ,) =- 1 1'11-- cos (, )=- 14 J VI= 114 ... '113, .

: = sin (., )'=

I I 1" 1 - cos (, '1)= \114 -y~ 1~' =VJ,

70. BeKiliopu
~ ~

- OM=6i+3j+4k, b=ON =-2i+3j+k.

~

l( MN .l1h . i u k.
,
~ ~ ~
MN = ON,-OM =-81-3k.
80. BeleiJiopu

= 3 f - k, - 2 f + 4 + 3 k, = - i + 3 + 2 k, d = 2 i -1 k.
r
() (a;<c)x(cXd).
(40) h
() == -71 -29,-21 k.
(46)
(aXb)x(cXd) == 6+60+ 5~k.
90. =r cxd u == bXd Ull-
-d - .

n n' ( - d) ( - ) = n n
aXb-d-+d = , +d--d. = .
100. u u 01'.
1 1& ~. lt cos (I%-~) usi:(I%-~), (I%>~)

80 == icosa+jsinl%, '" Icosp+Jsin~,

cos ( , ) = cos (. ) = COS (1% -~) = (i COS 1&+ sin 1%) (1 cos ~+ sin~) =
= COS 1& COS ~ + sin 1% sin ~,
sin ( ) = sin (1% - ~) , ~) I
= 1sin ( , .) 1 =
1sin (1& -
-1(1 cos~ + sin~) (1 COS 1&+ Jsin 1%)1 = Iksinl&cos'~ - k cos 1% sin ~j =
= 1sin I&COS ~ - cos 1% sin ~' ,
 anre6pa 189

.
sin (% -~) = sin (% cos ~ - cos ; sin ~ .
110. n i10 li

a"~u+2v U b=u-3v, lul=5, IYI~3. -9::(u.v)= ~

=(u+2v) (u-3v) = uxu+2vxu-u3v-2v3v = 5( u).

. ,. 75
= 1 I = 5 Iv u 1= 5 1v 11 u ISlll 6 = 2' .
120. =; u +5 v
= 3u- v , . u v u.

= (u+5v)(u-v) = u3u+Sv3u-uv-5vv =
= 15(vu)+<vu) -= (15+)(vu) = .

vxu =1= , 15+1. = , = -15.

130. n sinU5 uu . U-
1/0

a=2i+j-k, b=i-3j+k
. i, , k lllfu f1l.

a+b=3j-2, a~b=i+4j-2k

(a-)(+)= -4i-6j-14k, l-1 = '121, l+1 "'" VI,

sin ( _ , +) = l( - ) (+)1 = '1"248_

la-1l+I1 '121'113

14. n i1i1i1 KOHCf1lpyucaHor

=3 i + 2 - 5 k, = i - + 4 k, >= i- + k,
li.'li1i1 i1 BeKf1lopUMa
(1, , k u i1 ).
m

h = () 49
(aXb)c=Ph= V, P=\aXbl,
I I - '1323'
190 ~a

i3 2-5
( ) = 1 - 1 4 == 49 , I I == v323 .
-31 I
15. / l(10

=, =,

, 1 l(10 1 .

,
h )( ( )= ( ) - ( ) =
. + .
( ) - = =
-
16. 'Hahu l(10 , l( - 1

-, xb=~, -,
1 10 , , (1, ~ .

1l ~ ( . ) = ( ),- (' ) = ~ ( )

x(ab-~a)==O, x(~c-yb)-Oj

Q xl.(ab-~a), xl.(~c-rb).
( - ~a) (~c - ), ,
= A(cxb-~a) (~c-yb)] == A~(a(bxc)-~(axc)+y(aXb)],
,

, , = ~, = 1 .
~(cxa)b

= _ 1 - , [cx(bxc)+~(cxa) + ()].
()

11.

271. 8 . -
( lI .

. 8
k
8 l , , .
Kora
!l - .

, .
 11. 191

, lI
t

(1) r = r (1),
Dsfs-

r=r(t) = (t)i+(t)+,(t)k

r =r (t) = (t) i + (t) + z (t) k ,

(2) = r ) == (1) Z = , (t)

8 r(t) , , Oz
r (t) 1 Oxyz. (1) (2)

.

(3) r ( = cos t+ sin t

= cos t, = sin t.
t [0:, ~J
BpeJlHOCT r (t),
r ( t [0:,!3]

r = r(t) t [, ~J

r(t)=xi+yj=x(t)i+y(t)j. tE[a,~).

(3) r (
t [0,2 ).
"
r ~
t1 , /1" , t,. .
r=r(t ll t 2 , . . . . t n } ',E[O:j,~j].

Z12. .
. If
.
r (t) t

(4) r = r (1) t la, ~J.

 192

t; [, ~]
r (/,),

, (. 191). l4
t [, 13]
r (t)
kOM h .
, "
(4)
(. 191).
.

L __ ------'"1
r(to)
r (t) 8 ,.
, ,

. 191 , "
".
(4) h
n

(5) r(t) = x(t)i+y(t)j+z(t)k

, , z r (/).
(5)

== (/), = (t), z = z (/)

8 '
, ~j.
(5).
at
,
BeKTop~KOM

(6) r= ...f o + a/,

ro 1
, h'

(. 192). 1
.
8 (6) " ,
. 8
(6)
- - z - Zo . 192
--=--'=--

r == xf+yj+zk, r o = , t +zok, =a~i+ayj+a%k.
 11. 8 ;t 193

r(t) = l cos t+aj t+btk

.

r(t) == a(t- sin t)i + a(l-cos t)j

u (. 93).
r '(1) , n t,
, , h
liJl n83 .
1r (t) , t,
, ll :r, ll
u () .

(7)
n t1 t., QI[) .
, '
, w () ,
w.

(7) 8
r i

r (t., t.) - X(tI' t.) 1+ (t 1 , t.)j +z (t l t.) k,

. .
., , Z '. -

. w .1lmI
(t1 t. ss- "I KOOP AI?H8Te).
,
, .
C~ .
r - r (t)
n t nl' t - f () ll

i = r(t)";" r[f(u) - (),
n .

" "
194

r = ( cos t + sin t) ,
s
t = -, ~e s ,

r = ( i COS ~ + si : ).

273. ' -
. -
(.N'!! 30, 31).
[, )
to
r = r (t) tOHBeppa
u 1 t ~ 10, /{ u
> 8 () > ,

( 8 ) l r ' ( t ) -11 <

t == 10 It-lol < 8 ().
1 q !ieKTOpCKe r (1) qt
.
r (t) = 11) r (t) -t 1 t ~ to
t~f.

(8) , r (1),
It- 101 < 8 (), ' ' 1;
()
BeKTopal.
1 , .

r (1) = ,
t -t t. .
' r (t) lttu
. ,
() , .

, .
Ir1 ) r2 (t) r.(t)] = r J (t) rt(t) r.(f) ,
t~to. t~ t. t~t. t~t.

[k(t) r (t)] = k (1) . li r (t), (k (t) ),

t -'+ t. t -t t. t ~ t.
rilr ) I = 1 r(t) 1,
t~ t. i '0 t.
[r J (t) . r t (I) = r 1 (1) . l r 2 (1) ,
t ~ t. t ... t. t -t t.
lim [r 1 ( r 2 (t) = r 1 (t) r 2 (t)
_ _ _ _ t~to t~t. t~t.

1) II 1.
 11. 8 195

h () .

t-+t.
'1 (t) ... 1., I1 1'2(1) .... 12'
t-+t.

Irl{t}-111<e, Ir2(t)-I.I<e, It-tol<o(e).

Ir (l)xr2 (t)-11 xl.1 -1{1 1 +[r 1 (t) -1, {I\1+[r2 ( -12])-

j

-11 121 =-1 [r1 (t) -11] 1. + 11 1r s (t) -121 + 1{ri ( -11]
x[rs(t)-12] ~ 1[r1 (t) -11]I 2 1 + 11 1 [r,(t) -1.]1 +
<
+ l[r1 ( -1.]x[r.(t) -12]1 Irt (1) -111'11.1 + 11, 1lr\l (t) -121 +
<
+lr1 (f) -1,1lrs (t)-12 1 ell.1 +1111 +'"., e(111 1112 1+),

[1'1 (t) r. (t)] = 11 1.... r t (t) r, (t) .
t-+#o t-+t. #-+'0
ltlt lt r (t) It. lt lt to
lt lt.., lls > Q () > ,
!11lt
Ir(t)-r(t.)I<
lt t It 1t - '.1 < () .

r (t) = r ( t) - r .) ,1)
1-+1. t-+I.
. to j~
.
r ( h [110' 111] .
' .

274. . -
r (!I 45). l' (t)
(110,111)'
8ltltlt r (t) ltu [, .~]
ItUUlt Dltlt lt '.
lt t Ittl llu ltil u , .

dr(t) = r(t+bl)-r(tl .... dr'"", r(t) = .

At-+o 6. t lI.,-+ d t dt

Dsts

r(t) = x(t)i+y(t)j+z(t)k,

') r ).

1<1*
196 r

(t +I1t)= (t+l1t) i +y(t+l1/)j +Z + 11t) k,

dT = Hm T (t+I1t)-(t) = x(t+~t)-x{t)i+
dt ~HO I1t 111'+0 11 t

+ + 11 t) - (t) + Z (t +11 t) - z (t) k ,

-+ 11 t I1t-+ 4t
.
dr =.r= dX i + qy + dz k .
dt dl dt dt
cn , ,
.
, (/)
h (t).
r (t) Descartes,oBor , .

. dx
i = Ir I (, ) = - ,
dt

;. = Irlcos(r,j)= dy ,
. dt
. . dz
Tk=lr I (T,k)= - .
dt
1\ (. 47)
.

d
-[T 1 (t)r2 (t) .. )= - - - - .",
dr l ( . dT2 {t)
dt dt dt
9t-[k(l)(t))= dk
-
(t) dT{t)
--r(t) + k(t)--,
.
(k(t) ),
dt: dt dl
.
{{ (. 2 (1)] - dT I ( '2 ( + (1) dT 2 (1) ,
dt dt .. dt

~[rl(t).XT,(t))= ~r1 xr,(I)+rt(t)X dr,(t)

dt dl dt '

-d [I. (/) 2 (1) (t)-

dt
[dr- -)
l
dt
T,(t} . ) ] +

+ [1 (t) dr;:t) T.(t)] + [ (1) . (t) dr;:I)],

 11. 8 Js 197

~{rl(I)X[rz(t)xr8(t)]}.., dr1 (t) x[rZ(t)xra(t)] +

dl . dt

+r1 (t) >~ [df:?> xra(t)] +f1 (t) [r8 (1) dr;:,>}
, '
.

h .
, h

r (1) = , ,

.

d df. (t) d df (
- [ . r. (1)] = . - - , - [r1 (t) ] = -1-
dt d t , 'dt dt
~.

88 (!! 49).

r .... r(u), =, ,
IA

(9) dr = dr du == dr '(1).
dl' du dt dl "

I1r 4r l1u
11 1 =- /1u, '
4 ... 111 ... 0,
, l'II I1r
- == l'I I1r'l'
-
l1u
l - ,
t.t ...tI 11t t.a ...'O l1u t.,...o 111
OAIKJle , nocJle , (9).
198

275. . -
r = r (1) (. 193). 3
1
r (1)
Jt.1)
88 1 1, Jt
r(l+d 1)
1 8 8 .
...
1 =.1r=r (I+dt)-r (1),
liui1i
r (
o'--------tt\f 1 .
r (1) Ar Jt .1/, )\

...
. 193 (10) Ar == 1 =-MN
.1.1 '
.1.r
BeKTop.1.r.
A.I
.1.r
d/> , .1.t < . , At> , -
!

'

.1.r; - .1.1 < .1.r 8h

. 33 .1. t > , .1.r

.1.r ...
. dl >0. - .... MN
.1.1
.1./, , .1.r -
...
1
.1.1 ... , 1 ... , 1
.1.r ...
, - = MN, ,
.1.1
...
}f ,!) ..
, (10), 3 r (/)
I , .
.1.r .... dr ... r= "'.
.1. 1 dl
l'1t.,.o

..
;
d
- =r .
r, . Jt
.
'
.
dt ,
r (t) , nn ,

1) r (1) .
1) 1 .
 11. 199

I!I h 8.
, .

t r (t)
, = (t) ~
.

dr
(11 ) -==
dt
ll f,f8
, - .

Descar-
ts-

r(t) = x(t)i+y(t)j+z(t)k,
Bei{Top

= dr = dx i + dy + dz k
dt dt dt dt'

(12)

s ( ),
(!! 139)

(13 ) ds = 1/(dX\)2 + (d y )2 +(dZ)2

dt V dtdt dt'

s t . , (12) (13), I = ds , .
dt
"!'

'.
276. . - -

( t,
) . . . dr. '
, -=
dt
(. 194)
-+
r (t + .1 t) = Ir (t) 1, .6 r = MN,

(14) I.6. (t) 1= 2 sin .12' = 2 sin ~~,

 /
!
200
,
,! OMN ,- ... 1.
(t), ro(l), (14),

I -1I = l1
dro ' I~ro(t) I '
--
2 ' ~.
= Il - - - = I
S , '
2 ' ~cp.\ .
81 -2 '"''
-
dt t -+ ! t -+ !. t t -+ !. t !.
, !.l)
810--
=
'
lI 2
- _ . I -
l'
== -,- .
!. d ()
At-+o ~cp ,~t-+!.t dt
~2-

'ro (t)
t , , .-
dr
, _ -
dt
. r o (1) .

(. 194),
. 194
~ro l ro(t),
dt
. N Ie MN OMN
h ,'1 .)
lI,
lIC. ~
1 .

. . . --
r(t) r(t) = Ir(t)lr.(t),
ro(t) . .

(15) dr -= Irl~ro +dlrl r o ;

dt dt dt'
Irl dro. dlrl r-
dt dt

dr
--
.-
dt
Irl ~r!. n
dt
r (, dro
dt
r .. CJI, 195
-
1) 1 -+ -+
dro
) l10 , -f- .llli r o (1), fil4
(/
dr.
r. (1) () nO.ll'l '1', dt -
:l .II01.II () . .
 11. " 201

r (t). m dlrl (
dt
r(t), .
(15) , (I), ,

(. 195). r (t),

( ,
. -dr. = '
,
(15 ) ' dr dl'rl .
1'8 - = - - ro'
dt dt dt
i'(t) , dlrl =-0,
dt
(15) dr = I r 1dro dr.
dt dt dt
r (t).

278. . -
r(t) , w CKa~apHe
(!! 60), . h

dr' .
dr = ...:... dt = r dt
dt
! ~,
dt. 3 dt >
, dr t, dt , <
'. " r dr .
r

(16) r=fx(t)l+fy(t)j+rz(t)k-x(t)i+y(t)j+z(t)k,
~

dr= drx(f)idt+ dfy(t)jdt + drz(t)kdt= dX'dt + dY_jdt + dz kdt

dt dt dt dl dt dt

dr = drx(t) I + dry(t) +drz(t)k - dxl+dyj+dzk,

"

(17)
, idr 1 -Jl
d Ir I , . 1dr 1=t= d Ir 1. ~
(16) ( 139)
ds - Vdx +dy' + dz' ,
, (17), Idrl- , .
r(/)
.
202

-
(!! 61). ,

d (rl r. r ) = drl dr. dr.,

d(kr)~kdr+rdk (k 8),

d(r 1 ,r.)= dr1 ,r.+r"dr2 ,

d(r 1 xrt ) = dr,xr2 +r1 Xdr.,
,

279. . -
r (11 Iz " , , , 1,,) 8-
11,1.,,:, 1",
, 8, t; , ,
( 73), Ij ( -' 1', 2, , . , , )
' r .. , , , , 1; + 1;, . .. , 1,,) - r (11" , , 1;, . , ,I,.r = . -_.-
)l r '
= r,
AI; dt; ,

ar '
- dt; - rt dt,
dl; ,
.

r =- r(U J " ) - (, ,,).I + (, ") +z (, ") k,

,

()r = ru = dx(u,v) f + () (, ") + ()z(u, ") k.

() ()

()r
- =- r"

= () (, ") f + (, ")
+
dz (, ") k
-~-'-
" " " "

r . dz
-da= rudu = -duf + -duj+ -duk,

dr . dz
- dv <: r v dv = - dvf + - dv + - dv k .
()" " " "
280. JI . -
r t., ' , . t,,), 1,,1., ... , t" , , (
(2 74), -
l
r
dr =:1: -dl,.
1=1 dl j
 11.. 203

, ~
t =r (, v), h (. 196)

c}r r
dr--. du+ -dv.
av

n
n'
n
ll (!! 75).
, r =-r (, v),
n v
cKinapa t. t" h
. 196
dr ,.,. r(, v) + ~r(u, v) ~ ,
ot1 tJt. av afa
dr or(u, v)ou or(u, v) ov
-... -+ -
at. at. av tJl.

dr = -.- d/. or ar d/" = (ar

+ _. - - + dr v)
- -- dt. +
i}tl tJl. tJtl dv i}tt

+ (ar + or ~)dt2 = tJr(~dtl + dt.) +.

al. i}v tJl. Ot. ot"

+ -or(ov' or .+ -dv.
ov.) = -du
---dt. + -dt" or
dv at. dl. . ov
dr
281. 8, ,Jl. - dt -r(t)
q. r = r(t), .1 n,
. , ,
n
[JIr .. "
-=r
dt"
. r - r (1).
n t , ,
Jlr dv '0

-=r,--=w
dt" dl
QItJQ
r = r (.
204

q q n-11lor r(l)
d"r =- r<").
dl"
, r(t)

r(t) - x(t)i+y(t)j+z(l)k,
-

d"r =d"Xi+d"J!j +dnZ k .

dt" 'd/" dtn dl"

8
"

or
- = r,
'

ti
r - r(tl' 11, ,/,,)
8. ,
r = r (11' . ,/,,). ,
r == r I' ... ,/,,).
or .
Dl, = r/ j '

2 r ..
t,l" = rt;t. (i 9= k),

02 r DZr
/ /" = l"l!
q IJ m
r==r 12'" 111)' .

( 55, 77).

. , r=r(t),
n-11lor (!I 62)

11l n-11lor , 8 r=r(tp, .. , 111),

h (!! )
r
( -dt or )(11).
(/nr - l + ... + -dl"
0/1 dt,.
, 11l11l
r = r (, v), h

d1r -= ( -du + -dv

r or )(2) -. oZr oZr dZr
- du z + 2-'-dudv + - d v2 ,
i)u ., ' OV ov 2
 11. 8 205

282. Jl . -
r (1) (1), .
da
- = r(I),
dt
1 8, r (1)
(1) + , .
, (2 91),
(1) + uu.UUll lIuir Illl
r (1)

r(l) dt..., a(I)+C.

r (/)

r(f) = x(IH+y(t)j+z(t)k,

Jr(t)dl-f JX(t)dl+jJY(I)dl+k JZ(t)dt,

r (1) i"
8. .
-
.

283. Jl . -
'
.
r (1)
[11, ~]. [II,~) .

[111' '1)' (11' I,.", [/

j - H 1,), ... , [1"-10 ~).
uJl r (1) 'E[/I,~] -
,.
.
q ~ r (;) (11- 11-1)'
1
'I-t ~ ~I< 11'
~ Ii "

n~ao
(;)
1=1
r (1,-11_1)1) = [r(t) dl. (11_1 < , ~ 1,).

. (1) ... (1), -

h .

f
r (1) dl '"" (~) - (/1)
I} OJ!Oll nO
(, ~J l.
206 n

r (t) -- (t) f + (t)j+z(t) k,

.l\ t:

f

r (tJ dt '"'" f f

(t) dt + r

(f) dt + k r

z (t) dt,

,
.

,1l 8I
1 .

8::l. - ~ :
1. Hahu . tete te
(18) r{t)'= i t+J.tI"
t ll.. CteaAap.
I . .:
- t, = tI. ~
t h n = , .. r
(18).
2. 8te" teu r (t) " UCYlaBa r r - ,
te ll, . r o = const." ' ro uu te ,,
r(t).

r'-Irlr"r=-Irlro+lrlro,
rxr -lrlr.x(lrlro+lrlro) == rlrl(roxro)+lrIS(r,xro
,
) =-lr'll{r,xro) =0.
Irl9=O, r o9= , = , .
r ..... const., r (t)" .
30. Hetea fjJte r (t) - i cos + sin , (
te
ll. t. Haha . te r(t) (1); HQftu Dpojetequje r
r
te ( ll te r (t) leAfV .!, ll.
r (t)

,. (f) = (' cos - ' sin ) f + (' sin + ' cos ) ; cos (r, ) == ' ,,
''. + 1,1
r q r,
l,l r r
; = 'Irl cos (r, r) == '
 11. n{l 207

r , 8

;q = /;1 sin (r, r) = '.

d
40. - [rj (t) + r 2 (t)] = , he
dt

[r. (t) r 2 (1)]2 = rHI),

r /{iii , r l (t)
.

~(rl+rt)-O r l +r2 =C, r 2 =C-r.,

, dt
. .

= Ir. 12 ICI1 sin 2 (T1 , ) = I 1 1 2 = ar~,

= 1 12 sin 2 (, ) , Bel(TOpa r. (1)

.

50. li
i1iOPCKO.4f .4f

(1) = cos kt + sin kt ,

- KOHciiiaHi1iHU BeKi1iopu k . )
( v) ,
v =- const. ) i1i ( (,? w) Qiii
liliu CyliPOi1iHO (1).

r .... v = - k sin kl + k cos kt ,

'.

v = ( cos kt + sin kt) ( - k sin kt + k cos kt),

n

TXV = - () k sin 2 kt + ( ) k cos 2 kt

n

rxv = () k = const.

r= v = w = -k! ( cos kt+b sin kt) = - klT.



1.

284. JlRR D~ . - 8

(1) r .... r (t) ... (1) f + (t).J

Koj~j

(2) - ( , - (1)

8 n. t (2),
h

(3) f(x, ) =- ,
nII

(4) - ' () n = q; () .
nII ll

(5) "'(, ) =- l = (8) n = ().

(1), (2), (3), (4) (5) llD.RUU.,"U llDuqu
.

,
".
"-- == (t), - .,
( ( t,
n [", ~J. (t) (t) t [", ~],
ll"U. (t) (1) t [" ~],
Il t n
,'> " dn-.- , dn-

1) ..~

- (1) - '1 (t) - (1) - ,. (1)

1) . '1 =f= I1 OAroapaJye I 1 .
 1. n 8 8 209

KQja . d-
8
t (ex,~] . ,
. 1 = 1 -~, d- .
d-' ,
:
(<<) = (~), (<<) = (~)

d- .

d- r , (/) (1)
li tf: (<<, ~], Jl '2 (1) +
+ ,2 (t) =F , . ' (/) ' (1) 8
1 [, ~]. [, ~],
.
t [,~] ~ ' "
. n
[, ~]. d- u ,
(1) (1) n' t [, ~J.
ll
.

F {, ) ,., 8h !,U. n
, . F (, ) n .l.
n8

( F)
.
+ (iF)+ ,

. . n ! .
n n n ,
, F (, ) =
F(X;)i) = [ (t), (] = .

285. . . -
.
'.
(6) r(t) = x(t)f'+y(t)j

lI, n

-~, = y(t).

n (6) (, ), ,

(7) r ... dx + dy d r =dx f +dy

dt d,t

ll'llUI 14
210

r dr, ,
(, ) (. 197).

(8) R = +

'
N (, )
, (, )'
u iliaHreHlile
(, )

(9) , 'R-r = r 1

(10) R - r =p.dr
~
. 197
, dr - r
. 1 ) R, r, dr r
(6), (7) (8) (9) (10) h l1
(, )

- _ 2) -: -
(11) --=--, --=---.
dx dy dx ..' dy
- -
dt dt

. ;
dx dy
80 ; - -
dt dt
380, dx dy 1' . d
(11)

(11 ') ( _x)dY - (y_y)dX =-0, (X-x)dy-(Y....:y)dx =

dt dt '\

' (/) . dy
(12) - = -(-) - = -( -).
' (1) , dx
-+ -+
1) = MN, .dr - .
. 1) , (9), R, r r ll

dx dy
(-) 1+ (-) - >.. dt I +. dt .

h .
h >.., h ~ (11).
(11).
 1. .n 8 211

(, )
. 80 k
8, .'
(6')
x'(t) ' ) , , '
(l1) (').1) (6') d
' (t) ' (t) t ,l)
{' (11) (11').
.

. ',
' = f(x), ' = {' (),
(12),

- = y~(X-x) -f(x) = "()( - );

(6'), ' .
(11) (12).
, '

<, dy
'<(,)=, -+-, -=0,
: dx

,(12)

(.;.. ) < + {}' _) < =

, 198
.

. (, )
(, ) (I, 198). h ,
. ~~ (,)

(13) (R-r).r =0
"

'

(R-r)'dr - .
h R,r, i: dr (6), (7) (8)
, h , ,
. '(, ) .
(13') ( - ) dx + (- ) dy = , ( - ) dx + ( - ) dy =
dt dt
1) l n n (6'),
2) l1 h .
14*
212

(14) - = - ;:~:~(X -), -= - ~; ( -).

, n (11') (12),
08 n n.

. -- 10. h . *
( , )
r (1) - i cos t + sin 1, =- cos 1, = sin t; + - 01.

( , )

r (1.) - cosl.+aj sin 10' r (10) = - sin '+ cos 1.,

dx. . 1 dy,
... cos 10' . = sin 10' -=-SIO
dt

'
- == acosl.,
dl
.3 dyo .
+= , - ==--,
. dXg '

.. (9) (12), . (,,)

R - r(t.) - Ar(lo) , . cos 1.+ Ysin#o '"" , + = ~.

. , (13) (14), h

(R - r (1. .r (1.) - , . sin 10 - cos 10 .= , - , - .

n , ' 8
, . lln
r.

2'. h ln . (" ,) lt
(. 93)
r(l) = a(l-siI)i+/!(1-0I),
.
x=a(l-,.s;nt), y-a(l-cost).

r(l) - 2 sin2~. + 2 sin ~cos~

222

(1 ;) dx = 2 sin2~. ( _ 2asin ~cos ~,

dl 2' dl 2 2
~

1'0 ll (, ,)

,. (', ) ,.
R-, (') = r (-,) cos--'.....--.SID~=
1.. (-' ) .1,
2 . 2
 1. r8reR8 .. ...... pau P88IIII 218

. (15) dx - dy = 1-2 ks (k.je "),

dl dl
. _-. .... , , 8,
ll1 1-2 kn (k-O, i, ...) .ll.ll . , j~p l

. 1 , 1. 1
810-=
2
COS"2 - .
cn ..Jl, . l )

l .Al' 1. (, ) h

r
(R -r (t. . (t.) -, ( - .) 8io 1.
2
+ ( - .) COS 1.
2
-, .

, .. . U,

10 + cos"2=a
'"i 1. , . 1. - [SI
.SI"f . ..'_.. 1. -
SI02" (1 -. '. '
') cos2"

in '. si t. _ (1 ..... co..1o) cos 1. ... 2 sin. '. cos!!. - 2 8in.1. cos ~ - ,
2 2 2 2 2 2

.... ll.ll

(X-Iin '
2
+Ycos.!!.2 - .
. I.... , .. .88 HopllUe polll80 I
t . .. .
(., .) .ua ( - .Q 1. sia ~ , - ) (. 93).

. .... .,,.. '" 6esU88ll8 Il

II KPYry, 8 1tI llleCy .,.
_ .III11UU(tI, pyrou All Ool
(c.t. 199, 1), xlllJOlplUoa, . .. (c.t. 199, ).
.R - ao.tynpna pyra "
, r - ' O.ll & erpoll 0', I
u II e......uoy ....u ..,..
. z.
IIII )' . Kpyra
.II , .ll8 II 18II . ... ro.
. . t - ' , .ll
. Kpyr IIllI, l .II .
- ,. 8 ". .I Al.ll

1) . UUOUH 8087 CIlHry.pH. u.

214 r....

, t. 3{' KOTpla
h

. 199

(16) - -
- .
R",-rt, "' .... -t.
R
(,)

== OD = OC+CD = OO'cos", + O'Mcos O'MN,

"'" DM- CO'-NO'= 'si",- 'si'N.

00' - R+r, ' = , O'MN == - (/+",),

.. (R+r) cos 8-fS (/+"')
== (R+)si",-si(t+",)
, (16),
. R+r
== (R+r) cos R t-f COS R t,
{
(17)
+ SI - t -
. - (R)' . R+r
SI - - t
. R R
8 uu'llU .

r(t)=-[(R+)s~t-sR;, t]l+
+[(R~f) si ~ t _ rsin R; t ].
 1. TaHreHTa. ..... z 1 215

... (17)

- = (R + ) - [.
dx R +- t
Sln - - SI
.
- t] .....
dt R R R

- 2(Rt;).!..-C05f.!..-
R R
+..!..)
2
tsin!.
2
(17')
dy _ (R+).!..-[s~t-sR+rl_
dt R R RJ
= 2 (R + ').!..- sin (.!..- + -.!.) t sin ~ ,
. R R 2 2

Ii, dx dy n t-2 k'IC (k ),.

dt dt
. na . , , (CJI.I99),
U lt .II.

R- , , (16), . = t (17)

(18) { ... 2 05 . - cos 2 . ,

- 2 sin . - sin 2 ,
8 lU! "uu.

(18) n

- -= 2 (l-cos .) cos . , = 2 (l-cos .) sin .

n

(18') - - cos , ... sin 9 ,

8 , h

08 ... 2 (l-cos ) cos .', sin - 2 (I-05 .) sin ..

. = ., .
n

(18") - 2 (I-05 9).1>

(18')
n . lt (18') h

V(x-)Z + YZ == , -- - tg .
-

1) . , (1 !'
+ .
 216 4 r

(18")

eos = 1 ,h
"/1+tgI O

(17) (, ), (11')
(17'), h

( - ) si (~ + ~) t - ( - ) cos (~ + ~) t - ,
It., (13') (17')

(19) (X-x)cos ' 21)

(-+-
R
t+(Y-}sl '('-R + -2,1) 1=0.
(17)

(' 1)
eos - + - t + SlO -
R 2 R
. (' + -21) t .... R cos -2 , t

. (19)

cos ( - + - 1 +
R 2
1) .
SI (
-
R
+- 1) t = R cos -2t .
2
.
, (, )

('" Rcos~t, = RSi~t).

R R
, ullultJlu-
(17), ,' -, 1 - t
(. 199). ullUItJlu

R-r
... (R-)S-I+s--t,
. R R
. R-r
= (R - ) sln - t - ,. s1 - - t ,
R R
1 . h
l1laltreltl1le It. (, ) .
R = .. , , (16), .. 1% - t,
Jl

.:r = (3 cos I%+cos 3 1%), - {3 I%-sin 31%) ,

 1. Turua pUU 217

.. H.nllcaTH nIl')
== 4, 05' . == R 05' . , - 4 r sin' == R sin
n( . aclllpouAY (CJI. 59), II.
380 . (, ) n

~+~-R.
05. 5.

6lt. - n saaTKe:

1, Jlll Ull60.

r - -'- 1
-+--,-1, -
'
". ' '
.. . (, )

~R + - _ 1 -.---1,
' ' ' ' ".

' _ ". -', (' _ al - ').,

r

'
y
-- +---', (~. = al+bl ).


20. uq(n. 104)

y-ach-

.. (, )

lJ ( - ) sh - - (-) - ,
.

Jl (X-)+(-)sh~ = .

', 60Jl ' - 2 .... (, )

D p(X-)-( - )-,, "

.Jl ( - ) + ( - ) - .

40. - ~ (I,I) .... DIf, - 2 + 1 - ,

2-
"Jl 2 +- - .
1
50. . - -- - 1 .... lIIIUIr'HlIIy 2 + &-2 - ,
r+l
llJl 2 - 4 + = .
1) c:os3 - '- "COlt ..... ,. sln3 - ll czcosl- 11"'.
218 ua

', (~) + (L)iI = 2 I( (2, 3) lI1anrenll1y ~ + 1.. = 2,

2 3. 2 3
I 2 - 3 +5- ,

7'. - ' (, 1) nnll1 log - +1 = .

. log + -l =- .

80. = log +1 =1 lI1aHrenll1y = ,

. +-2 = .

90. = log cos == 2 lI1aHreHlI1y = , n

. - 2.

286. . . ... -
= f (),

r = r (9) == (9) i + (8) == ( cos &+ sin 9), I r 1= ,

r =< pro = ( cos 8 + sin 6).

L 1 (' .)
"n ,
l - 1 , 6. == 1
(. 200). 1
'I' 1 ,
d1 =
..
1 ==
ll .
d1

(20) d1 - 1 cos (9.-1Z.) =
. 200 . - l cos (9.-0:1)= l sin v

v== . . 9
,

(21)

(20) (21)-

. cos (8 - IZ.)
(22) -=
sin v
 1. . n' :1 219

81-111 + v =~, e-~1 -~ -(81--8+v), ro . (22)

2 2

! sin ( 1 - +>v)
-""'-....;...:'---~
sin(8-el -v)
sfn v sin v

I = _ sin ( - 61) cosv + cos ( - 1 )

sin v

, .ll~ tg v.= (!! 54)

.'
. ,
(23) l = cos (6...., 6 - . sin (- 1 ).
1

. u 1 (I' 1 ),
6 Te~ybe ; , 1 ..
. (I , 61)' .

- .... ~1 = I = , .

.ll IQ . (I ,61) h , 8
d.- OQ .ll .ll8 ":1 - TOQ
OQ n . d"

6 ~ N (, 6) 8 .ll
. . Q, .

(24) d. = cos (tIS - ).

(23') (24), . tIS = 61 + v,

-I ... cos(a.- e)
_...:......:'---~
cos(t-61 -v)
cos V cos v
.ll8

(25) ..... cos(6-e.) + s i(- l ).

I'
u .Jl . (l ,61),
6 8 ~4, l l Q
. (. , '.).
220

.. - .& .,1 &

"" s1 - , - - cos -
222
1 (l' , (23),
&
cos-1
t26) ... = cos ( -:- &1) _ ~ __2_ sin ( - 91) ,
,., . &1 2 ... &.
... s- s"-
2 2
(25), .D

~ = cos ( - 1 ) + 2si(G-G.).
sin~ cos!~
2 :.

. 0= &1 = 2 k (k ) (26) = . = ,

. l 6= 2k ~l!''l = sin ~
.ll. , .ll
Kf. . .ll , .ll .ll .ll .ll .

60. -- .ll :
10. u." Cllu = (.ll. 18) . 1 (l' &1)

6 )
lll -1 = cos (& .- -
sin (& - &1)
,
l

20. himd- == 0& (.ll. 17) 1 (l' &1)

sin ( - 1 )

oe~
~

1 cos (9 - 6 ) sin (& - 81)

.Jl -... + .

30. .u" 2 = 01 cos 2 (.ll. 98) 1 (l' &1)

&
-I - cos (& - + tg 2 &1
Sln
. (& 11)
- \1 ,
oV 08.2 01 oV COS 2 &1

.Jl
 1. n 221

= 01 = ct l = ~, =- 1 == . . e==~
4 4
ll ;
h .

2. Jl Jl Koop,IIHaT....
N (, )
-

=
N = NM
(x~ )
(. 201).
l11 St = TR


O~. .-
Sn = RN
-

R
.
d=OO - . 201

80 . 8
.
Mory n TRM,
RNM OQT.
= f () , ct
(, ).
TRM cn

= -!- = "l +tg2ct == 1.. "l+,1 1)

SID ct tg IZ ,/ "'
'.
S, '"'" cos ct = _ 1 = 1 ... L .
v1 + tgtcx " ! + ': '
n RNM

N = -- = ~1 +tg1ct= '11 +'2

COS ct "
S,. = ytg"1Z = 111/.

1) tl CI - '.
222 r

q. nl OQT h

d= ( - S,) si IZ = ( - S,) tg IZ = ( - L ) ,/
- 1+tgJ IZ ' -l + '

d = ':"'-
V1 + Y~3
..' . n (, ) - f(x)

(27) I =r.l.
Sn =
.
'
l +::,
, d
S.'

= '-:...
-l +'1
= ,
/'
N -= -l + ::,

n n
! (, ) ,.,. n n .... (, == (1).
l

- =:= ' ( -)

lh loj == . , . = ,

S, == - ... L.
'
llln, n,

1
- ---, (-),

. -- , h
Sn == - ... '.
u. - lh JICll r - 2
(, ).
ln' ' .. !...., , (27),
. 1
.
- LVr+yJ, S, - - -2,

N ... +, sn =,
-
d= .
+
 1. 88 8118 223

; S" - tJll. ,
n.
n (,),
I (,). {, ) , t =
; . {, ) (' ) h
(,). n (,)
06h ' . .
Q St = 2
n (, ).
1 (, ) (, ) ,
= 2 . ' (, ) (, ),
h (, ).
(, ) n .

6. - h :

10. u;t. . (, ) uu (. 93)

- (I-sit), =- o(l-SI)

{I -=
(8" - sin t).
2', h u . u (. 104)

= -

N =
.
1-,

N.
30. h u . (, ) 2 +. = 2
N- .
40. .u

- a(cost+tsint), = (sit-tSt)

(, )

. '.
= --, N---, S, =_.- , S,,=-ytgt, d - xsint-ycost.
sint cost tg 1
50. .u

---
2-
(1,1) n8

,,~, N == '15, s, - ~. SN = 2, d= '155.

224 ..

6'. .IlU
... xlogx+ 1
AI(I, 1)

T.d:: V2, N - -2, S, - 1, Sn = 1, d - .

7'. ,.u

AI(a, )
- , N - , S, = , 5:1 = , d = ,
(, ) h ..
- , N - , S, = . SN'" , d = .
81 .3 (, )

L
=l':'' h T+S,--.
(l

ge. (. 59)
222
' + =
(,)

"", t ..
.
N- ~.v

'St = , ', Sn - "y~,

3

d - ,. .
18'.
-

- emx
.

8 S, - 1,
1 .
S, == -

118. lh 8-
. - . = l
N == VxJ+Yi ~
. ... ll .ll. -
CJI. 212 8 ... ",or
lIeTK .11.0 .ll. TallKe.

2IL .~ ...~ --
. .ll.. -. ll8 = ,() (. 202).
. . nQTer OAl-
 1. n 225

(, )
N, h = , N=NM -
, St=OT , SII=ON
d= OQ .

-n n

1(--
=- - - - 1 + tgJ 11 = - V l + "
COS 11 "

tg 11 _1- (!! 54).

'

n OMN

N- __ = + tgl 11
1/1 ==,} 1 + '1,
- -' .
S -tgll
11 tg 11 '
, 3 OQM
/ tgll l
d-S(IX+)=sill=" - = - - -.
yl+tgJ lI 1/pI+'.
, . (, ) = f ()

~ ~
(28) t ... -1/f'jz+'
'
N="f'j'+P", St=-,
, '
Sn==P', d-",'+,'-.

.. - h ult . .lt U .. m
(. 18) (, ) .
'_m m ... m, , (28),

tg 11 -- ~ , =-1- V1 + l , N = 1/+ml ,

St-- , Sn - ,

d- .
V 1+ ".
1. - : '.
10. . . u -8 (. 17) (,6)

tgll=O, T-l+0', N ... a1/1+OZ,

St "'" , S,. =- , d=~ .
1 + OZ
St=pO , l
, , .
Sn-.a .

Jll811'1( ~",. 15
226 r

20. - cos (, )

=--, N=a,
('- l
1
d= L,

- . .... ...!:.
2
3'. h . .uc 2 = l cos:l (. 98)
(, ).
4'. ,!iinus'He u pn..... " sin n&
n v = . ,
' BP~HOCT
=n. , . h .
+'Jt.

289. sfs- . -

(29) r(s) = x(s)i+y(s)j,

= (s), - (s),

s .

(30)

I I 1/(dX)2
df
V
ds
= + (d )2
ds
y
ds
= ll dxl+ dyl,!- lJdst
V ds l Vdst
== 1,

uut.i (29) ,
~ pac!'t. Jt . (29) h

d r = dx f + dy ,

I~rll =dxl+dy2 = dst,

1) t/gI - dxl+d" (29) lJOCIIPUO ... ", (, )

( 138).
 1. 44 4.\ 227

~ (30)
i , h

(31)
dx
- - t .i - , dy = t . = COS ~= sin ,
ds ds
~ ' (29)
(, ) .

q (31) cosinus-e (29)

q (, ). q (31) dx 'd
nll ds . (l)

(29) ~ , . dy ... tg .
dx
= f (8)

(2) r = r(O) -Irlro = pro,

ro q 10 BeKTupa r.

dro 6 ,
dr=rodp+p-d
d6
dr dp dr d6
() - = r . - + p o- - .... t,
ds. ds d6 ds
n

(4)
Id$dr 12
_ =(d
_P )2 +3_ (dO)2 =1,
ds ds

:;'..L ro . . ro I :;0 1.... 1,

q r

(3) B~KTO
r., h
d p 3)
(35) - =tra=cosv,
ds
. ,
v TareHTe (32) .
(35) cosinus (2)
....

15
228 JeaH~eCTa

(, 6) . , (34),

(35') --- = V-(d

sin v = V1 - 2 V 1 - - )2 = d6
- ,
ds ds
, (35),
d6
sin ~' ds d6
(36) tgv = -- = - = - = - = -,
v d d d '
ds d6
+ 6 , -
.

(36) I' (32)
I (, ) .

. - 10. Cosinus-u == -

(,) fRace

cos~=
. dx
-=--,
" .1 .
SlO~=-=
dy ,
th -
. ds h ds
-

dy = sh-dx,

. dy
tg~= - =sh-.
dx

20. Cos;nu& .. =
(, 6)
dp dfJ
cosv = - = -
ds ds

. d6' de
. l v = - = 6-
. ds ds

tgv = 6.
290. I< Jl . -
t
= ()
x [-, +], . (-, +),
= t() (, ).
TaHreHTY (, ), (, )
 1. n ~ 229

(. 203, 1, 11). = f(x)

KOHKaBDH () 1 2 , ()
(, ). (. 203)
.... f () (, ) i10ui1lu
'1 1 11

- +n - +
. 2Q3
. (. 203, 11)
80 Herai1luBHoM
.

, h = f ()
, (,) 8
.?
f(x) (, )
/- 1 )
h 2
(37) f(x+h) = f(x)+hf' ()+ 2i f"(x+Gh),

h w (, )
(. 203). I - + h) "'" f(x)
+
1 ( h, ),) , (37),
hl
-= f(x+h) - f(x)+hf'(x) + - f"(x+Gh).
21
N 1
- = "()( - )
- x+h, .
= y+hf'(x) = f(x)+h "().
y=f(x).y (, )'
(, ),

Y=2ih
2
(38) - f"(x+6h).

'" () =F h '" ( + 6 h) h ,
'''() h '''(+6). hl>O, h -
') 3yh .
1) " 1 (-, l) h 1- !(- 1 ).
 2 JeUBaetra ...

. , n , JI I- , (8),
~() !" () (, ).
n:
) !" () >
, JI .- > h
n. 1 = !() N. -
!() (. 203, 1). ,

M--;ittl TaH~HTe
.
(, ) .
) '" () <
, JIII
. - < {),
h Ma~
. - 1()
. N.
(. 203, 11). , M-;it.

-o~------------; II
I O~ .
. 204 ~8
= ,()
(, ) nn8 1) n,
- ) (, )
(. 204). .
.
291. jll . -
... .
= 1() MeI& . KOIII81IO-
(,) (. _~
,," "ojll.ftO "pua .JUIl
kOHlioaoclIlII . ,
lll"".
..
= ,() "'.
, n Jtll-
= ,() ree - +

(,) . 205
h 0.1. - h .
, . (, ) JI~ I- .
(38) IIU 8.II .-
. , Olll Trqlor-oay n

hJ 8
I- =="2 1" () + /'" ( + 8).
1) . II80 f' (%) 6.
 1. TaHreHTa 231

- , /"() =
. ~

(39) . __ =
/''(+).
3!
, h , /", ( + ) (" (),
'" () =+= ,
""; 39) h.
, (, } 6JI 1 . - f (),
/" () - , ("
() . , u u
1ll.a .- / () ll /" () = , /"'() =+= .
/" () ... , /" ()
'II (, ). . = / ()
8.

, ~ /" () =
/111 (), . .. , /(n-l) (), /(n) () =+='(), 4 (39)

._ .... -" /(n) (x+Oh),

nl
3 :

) , 2 - , (, )
,
, ~peMI f<n)(X) !! /<n) () . > <
) ll I- . h (, )
Ilpe lIltlua Ilpuae.
opt l ,
1
llJl / ()
C'I'OIIa. U8OJI.

u..a- 3& [x-k, +.

.........1'll,
~aoJJ. ,,() lI&..e
"
apo.Qthll .

ory II AOCIJ~ .
lI8O.I II8

.JI 03 &.
. ;-. i>
C.II.206
() lCOUlU ory
. 'R. 80Jt () Jl 3I
SUo f" () n'
u (c.l. 2(6).
 232

.. - 10. = sin .
n

' == cos , " = - sin .

8

. sin = n = kK (k ~ ).

h '" = -cos =f= "'" k .

,
, .,.. k ';,
= . ",.,. - sin (,)
.
= sin
.. (. 9).
20.

=- -
3

' = 2 - 1, " ~ 2 .
{> - , "
( - , ) . .'! . .

+ , "'

. 8u,," .
. .... ,h " = ,
"'- 2 = , - .
. ,

(-; - 1), '> ,

, 2
.."" = 1, Jl = 3
(-1, + 1),
' < , ...

. 207 2
cr = , = - -. '
3
(1, + ), ' > .
l == = 3 (. 207).
30.

= ++-
gi
10

 1. n 233

, " - ,
oc~ .
+ , " Jl,
i10 . 3 =, h

..,. , '=, " (-) =-00, "(+0)-+0.

= , = ~h
, mlt . '
' ' > .
. - h :

l-
1. = -- l1 =3.

20. ' = - = :.
30. h l1 = cos , = tg
Itlt.

50. = 8 +1 = , = 1. 3 >
110 , <
erali1UBHOM.

. - -1 + -1-
.
lipeBo/HY =
1
'-2' =
. -
-l
' ..

1
70. = l - lipeBojHY = ~, = -. -
2
.

~ 11 1 V1
80. = 1 + . ll == ' =4 = - 3' '
1
== - . .
4
90. - cos n l1 t
2k+l . . '.
= n-x, >0, k .

1 1
10'. . - - l1 1 = 2 ' - -. -
' .

n + 1
11 '. - - - 8 .
n
:
h - 2, 4, ....
 /

234 rnau

282.
-
....

-
-
-

(.'1. 208).
_. /(0). ,; h 1l0llllaBall
. llpe.a Q (, ), 1
(,) 0)( )( f( (,)
1 lHeHTe Jl .
)( 18 ( )( 9, , .
d(x
-d9 > . , Il = / () lte KOlllUlBHa QPp.Ata 110 lliIlU

(,) d(x >0. )(

d9

. d. dv
( == v+9, -.
. dO
= -
d6
+t

lll

tg v - ..f.. , v = arc tg 1..,

' '
dv 'l- "
-=
dO ,+'


d(x
. 208 (40) --
dO ,+

d&
roa , YCJIOBY . - > II (40),
d&
f' = f (8) (, 8),
(41) PI +2 , - " :> ,

-
M1 M1iIs
O'8'8eIrUJI DOA
- '(&)

-
(. t), q

,
(, 8)

h

no

"'-1""'"
.re )(!Ip'l lOl

(, 8) (CIt. 2(9).
.... .
... lrell1'. . 209
8IIJI, 8 ( ona

6: , , -d&
d6
< . , Kpua - 8) 6uhe

IJ8Il l1. 80.ll IlU (, 8) ll :; < .

 1. n 235

h , -d fI. < ' (40) ,.

. dO
== f (&) (, 6),
,,:+2 ,,'J_~" < .
. ( = 1 ()
''' '.11 (, ) ,
(. 210).
d-
- OllOCHO, IJ (40), 8
d8
PI + 2 'l- "
0. 2 + 2' '! - "
,


'!)
TIJIKaa

.. . ll 1l0.1J Il
_ 1(6) .tceIta . 1l0000,'
1l0lt . - . 210
0 II1II,,".
.' ~, Il .... f (U) 1l0Il
tJstuUl 1l0 2+2 p'lI_ pp" > , 1l0ll
tlll.IJ llojUJCtl l+2 '1_ " < . ll 1l0 pl+~ 'l
- " - " ll Jl Il 1l0Il Jl 1l0-
Hlte1Ul UpeJCtl Jl, ll10 tlUU uulb. ) .
D II. {() ,"
~ .
r - " Jl. (. 209). t
"1I1I .. ,
-+
t . ... ( COS V,
-+
at -+ dOM D -+ dp . dv '.
-+t .~ "'" - . I = -sv-sl V - ,
ds ! R ds ds
R ~I( = 1(6) . K8ko
. (35) ( 35')

dp = V, dv
- - -
dv d6
- ~SI
. dv
v-, .dv ... dfl.":" l t l =l,
ds ds 6 ds 6 d&. d6 '

') 6.
11) ' + 2 '. -' " nh n .
). 8 ic = f (9)
236

... d ;2 + 2 ,2 - "
. =- - R sin 2 , , - = - R sin2 " .
d6 ':&+l

. = f (6)
...
,
-+
. ';l.
ii.

6. - Jl :

1. =- 6

(. 17)
Jl ( > ).
2'.
= m (JI. 18) 8
( > , > ).

3. /l = -
&
(. 211)
. 211
Jl ( > ).
40. "'" cos ( > ) 8 ,.

5. = ~~ _
2 '
l
60. 2=_
8

1 -
6=-, =2. 3
2
1 .
11
v >"2 -

Jl,

6 < "2 1 .
-

Jl . 212
(JI. 212).

)
d
- -
* + 2 '" - "
>0.
de " + l
 11. 237

11.

293. . -
MN, , ,
,

,


(. 213).
acu.wllll1oli1a . t&
"
,

- MQ sin tx
MQ
.
t .
. MQ
,
t&
MN .
. acu.wllll1oli1a '; . 213
ll.
ll li1 " lt "II.
. .l
, . ; -
. 8 .

294. .
. - , = f (),
, = , (. 214).
, h ,
= ) - 1)
. lt

N MN,
.
8
;. ..
, 8k.O

[) - = .
-+

. 214 ~j.
f () = .
-+

1) I () I
238

. ,
6 ll1110111 ll = f (),1)
" ' ).1,
; 1l0lll 6. , , , ,
,
= , .". ,
.

, em' "

. ,.(Y)Xn +'Pl(y)x n- 1+ ... +,() -

, "

, ()+ 2... 1JI1 () + ... + .. 'n () .:,. ,

" .
(), 'l()'"'' 'n() .
q MN,
,. () = , . ,
. h .
()

It ' " . ,
. , ., , , . (1),
- , = , .
Jlq
, . Hahu ,
, l 1l0 6eCKOHa'fHo. 8- , , , ,....
. , ,
.. , - , . .
Jl ,
.
.
1
. - l~. " ll = (. 49).
' (- , ). (, + ),
f8
1 I
(-)-
-+-
.... , (+)= %=+.
-++ .

, 1) n ! (, - n - ! ().
8 ( ( n !l (), . 'n () .
. ! () .. .
 11. . . 239

k ... + , ( +) - + = , . u.-
1 '
ii . ... +, () - ... 1 - 1 U.Afll
. , (, +(0) lC.
= -1.
I

.... -, () - ... 1 .... l ll .
., (- Il10,0) ... 1.
- .1.0. - , .8.1.8 . 1 .1.0 +0.
. + + , . + 1,
. 1.!. '
' = - r " < x( - , ) (, + ).

" 2+ 1 ~
.. -

8 (- , - ~), ., x (- ~ , )
(, + ). .... _..!.. . . .
2
. .. .
20.
sin
x=tgy =--
CO.sy
. .
.. ., == - - '1:
., 2k+ 1 (k

2
), -+ .

86, - :

10. '(-) =- XZ u. = .

20. = sin~ u. ... .

30. x Z yl--2l--2 = u.U - 2, --1

. - .
40. = l/ u. - - , -1 . "

. Vx+a
5'. = cos L u.il = 1.

, sin
-: = -- u. ... .

, ,
~ , ll.
70. . - u.Il =- ... . ,
240

295. . -
. , = '() MN
(. 213),

(2) = ex+d.
h h d

MQ = t () - - d

' -+ , .

Hr [t(x)-ex-d] =
-+:>

(3) d = (f(x) - ].
-+>

ll

d = [)
-+'"'
- ].

-+ ,

t () _ =
-+>

(4) = ) .
X~QO

(3) (4) d
. " (3) (4)
ii, " . u.ii1 . "
ll (3) (4) uou, " . .10.
' ,
(4) (3),
(3) d. d
(2), .
" u.ii" .
,
-+ , -+ - .
.
' - ,
d. . ,
 11. ll 241

l1 - , l1

(5) ,(,) = <n (X,y)+q>1I-1(,)+ = 0,1)

(, ), CPn-1 (, }, . . l1
, n-l , ....
, (5)
= l1

" <n (1, c)+~n-1 CPn-1 (1, )+ .... =

1, (
n(l,)+ ~n-1 l,)+ ". "" .
,

,
(4), 1yt 'l' -+ .
l1 , -+00,
0'0
(6) ~n(1, ) = .
(5) , CtII (6) Jl
. (6) u.UN (5).
1 (6). & (Q)
= 1 +d h , h

1
o/n-1(c 1 ,d)ir -/n-2 (1 , d)+ ... = .

, (3), d -+ ,
, -+ ,

(7) /n-1 ( 1 , d) =- .
(5) I ,
(7) je~aH ' d. d1
(7), '

, = 1 x+dt
(5). (5)
, "
d (7). , l(
(5) (7) l1 . ,
(5) .

.. - 10. h .U

1) BaKa f (, ) - , f (, )
.

IJl 16
242 r4aa

(4) () h

==
. +-
I - - - .... 1, d .... (+--) =
X~~. ~.

= .

' = l-- , " = -,

+ 2,
( - , ). = , = . 2
+ (, + ).
.
.

20. h Dsts- lii (. 101)

l+l- = ( >0).

"!"" , ll

l+'l- = .. I+1--- = .

~ , h 1 + ' = , =.- 1.
-:= - +d R h

dI+ad d'
d+a---+--O,

, ~ , d + = n d = - . k
= --.

86. h :
. 2k+ 1
10. - arc tg .ll - -2--1I:X - 1 (k

).
11 - 1 .
20. - V _ 2 .ll - + "21 .
.
'. ' + ' =- ' .ll =-- .

40.
~
- - ~
~
=1 u~Il
... = -


. al .
.

50. ' - ' - ' - . = u.lllll - .... 2.

6'. ' - ' + - 2 "'" ll = .
70. (l - l)+ 1 == u.Atll == , == , + == ,
- - .
8'. ' -= + ' u.ll .... +.
 11. . paBHII 243

( + )
9. = u.fl ++ = , -.
++

+2
10. = u. = ' + 2 + 2 al , - -.
-

110. 1 - = (-)' u. - - .
l+ 2 2

12. == - -"* u. == .

13. = - sin u. -.
1
14. == - u.~ == , - 1.
15'. == log u. ... .

160. = -'- u, - 2 .
20-

u.,' - ... ." .... ..ll.

, Tj~ 1 , ca.llHO
.ll I.
1 HY.llH. " ..
.

n - f ()+, () - ,,() -+
-+ . - f(x) " , IJl8 ,() +
+ () () - f () -+ --+ . .., I(pllBa

'
= - - == xl+ax +' + --.
- -

- xl+ax+ol .

3 +'1. 1
y = - = xl +-

' == l '.

1
= ' +-

= l

296. 1'aJl. -
n == f (8) .. YfJla ..
.ll 8 pIcT.ojaJ
d - !
.ll (C.ll. 215).
16*
 244. n

, pac~ojae
(, 9) HYn~ II
. MN. (, )
= OM~oo.
MP~ ,
, h

h d 11 n
~ , .

~ - -
d = 1 = DP = DM =
(~ p~~
= si (!-),
p~~

sin (!-8)

~ ,

sin (! - 8) = ,
p~o

, ' (! - &) =
p~~
n
; 215'
(9) ! = ,

~. (8) n
I

d= l
si(II-6)(
----- 11- &)'
= l'lffi (!x-v"')
p~~ !- p~~ .

n, = / (6) ,
(10) d - t (&)(! - ) ,
e~.a "=
' ~ ,
~!X. (9) (10) 11 d, .
, u (9) u (10) u._
UMahe .ll . 1 llu,
Hehe . ac.ll0iy.
1>

d = 2 = DPl = li , = sin (61-11).

p~~

080 n (9) (10)

(11) . ! ,."':' JimG.. d "'" li I(6tHQt -!)

p~... . O,-+ciI'
< ... ~ ~" . . ' \

Al. - h. ..l !Q:'! .

(12) = , (...=-.
. "')
1 - os )l
 11. 245

(1 (12),

(13) -= ' = l'l arc cos ( -1 - - ) = Irc cos -1 .

1l
-+ -+

(11) (12) (13)

(14) - - ( -) = 1;l - - -
. ---
d =- }l ;- - ( -arc cos-=
,1 ) ,
-+ 11 1 .- cos - . -+ 11 1- cos -

='1'l -- = l'l
. - --.-.
-+ 1 sin 6 -+ V1 -cosll - v
(13) JI (14)
, lJi (13)
}>

6. - :

10. Uill!60. = : (> ) (. 211) u.

( = = ~ = d = ~ = .
-+ -+ -+
11
2'. 2 !!... (. 212)
=
,- u.0
- 1
-= 6 = !!.... = , d = _ = ,
-+ -+; 2 e-+ove
.

30. = tge (> ) .i1l

-= = tg ~ = !!-.-, d-= tgG (!!-.- - ) = .

-+ -+ 2 &-+~ 2 ;
. 2 -. , ' ._. "

d ... tg (8 - !!-.-)- == -
e-+~
2
2
..... .
--

d == Jleso '
.

40. pcosO = acos20(a>0) u.il

,.;.-

=-,
2t . cos 2 (
d = }l - - - - - v ... -
. ",) .- ,
2 -+.!. cos 2
2

d = - &.

'1) cos "" cos (- ).

246 .. .....

_. paIIIRIIII Jl T&ree. -

(15)

,. - f (), (, ). ' (, >

MN , l!l8 MN.
.zr. l ,
! JUl (, ).'it .
iU) 'I'! 1 , ~
.

.re(. 216).
, -
,
110.8 .. ,
Jl (,)
80,
(15)
lt
(16) li' -, li(-') - .
' .... ...
"
~ 'llf1, ,
llf1clllojal1lU .. u 1l0
. 216 , ..8
== +.
. u.tl ml 6lt l1llt.
je.zr.. IIII ll, Hehe llU
l ll ".reHTe. . ;'e#te l1l 6eclto-
' l1lu.
.... II. TareHTY .
II , , (1~), .... ll.
IICD, 8 .II 6
..., .. , .zr.lt (15) 1)

(15') - ' + - ', ('''' dX),

. dy
rp...... JIII

(16')
,....
m ' - .
,.....
, lim ( - ') == 1
1
.) .......... (1&') 818Qea . (15) ' - !.
 11. 247

1 = ! ,
, . (15/)

.

,
(, ) ,
.
,

== .L = L = li ' = ,
X~"" X~"" 1 x~oc

'-
- - -----2-
d = ( - ) = lim ~---- = lim--~--- = ( - ') = .
~oc x~ao 1 X~"" 1 X~""

, .
d .

. , Y8~
, .
,
8 . 1 )

"" , = cos
-_.- - =. -

'\,. :, h .
~. (, ), , (15),

=- ---~-
sin + cos -..- + SJOX.
+ 2. . cos .
2

xsinx+cosx = , l'l (2COSX

1l . )
- _ .. - + SJOX
X~OO .... ""
X:Z
'.
.
.

,
h . TaheHTe (, ) , (15').

= ____ 505 ____ + co~ + cos .

( + sin ) . + sin
1)
ll = f'(e),
 /
248

- 1Im cos =

, 1I cos- + 08. )
(- =
,
'-'00 (y+sin ) ,~oo + 8in

, I< = ,
II =.

lO. - h :

1'. = =,
.
' = li = , li ( -') = ( - ) = .
x"-+~oo -+- -+- -+-

20. y=e~X =

30. y=tg x=are tg

1t
= - + k 1t,
. 2
' = _1_ = , li{- ') =li (are tg
'-+00 '-+00 1+2 '-+00 -+
- --)
1+
=~.
2

4'. = tg :ll=r

= -
1t
+ k 1t,
. .

2 .
' =- ._1_ _ , (- ') =. ( tg - --) = ~.
-+ .... 1 + 2 -+ . -+"" 1 + 2 2

111.

298. 1 . - (, ),
';.

(1) f(x,y)=O,
fx'(x,y) fI(x, )
2
fx' (, ) fy' (, ) ,
1111l . . , --, {' (, ) ,
,

(1')

!
' = _ ,
l
-
 111. 249

, .!)
!' (;) =1= , ,

f ' + ! = ,


f

, =--,

!

,
~.

(1)

(2) = 1.1 (t), = 1..2 ( ,

t [:, ~J 2
, t [:, ~], 1.1' (t), ).2' (t)
.
(1) (1), ,
(1) (2),

! dx + ! dy -= ! 1..1' (t) + ~ 1.2' ) = ,

dt dt

----~._ , . dx= 1..1'(t)=+=-0, ! ,

dt

dy !
, dy dt 2 ' (1)
= dx = -d-x = -).1-'(-t) = -! '
dt

)...' (1) =F , ~: =F ,
dx !
'.
, dx dt ).t' (t)
=-=-+--=--.
dy dy 1..2' (t) !
dt

) ll = ' ()
I1 I [, tp () =- 3
f

' ... -- ~ (N~ 87).

 /
/

250

.II .ll (1)

.ll fx' (, ) fy' (, ) .
(1) .ll '' (, ) fy' (, )
, u . , ~
(1) h

(3) {(,)=, ! = ! = .
'

lj, 8~
. ,

' ~.
"
' (3),
() , h
, h

- f + 2 - -
2f f
' + - , + !
-" = ,
'

, .i (3),

(4)

,
. . 1. ' f i)2 f 2 f
-, ,
l :!
(3)
.ll,
/.

299. . - (
2
--

f "~
--"-
f f
2
> '
2 l
, -
"
(4) .ll '. (1)
(, ), ~ (3), .ll
. (1) (, )
' (, ) (. 217, 1).2)

(-2-')2
"-

2 f -
--
"!!
l -
!
!!
= , (4) "
-

'. (1) (, ),
(3), . "
(1) (, ),
.ll

1) : .
 . n 251
----------------------
I't (, ). l (, ) Illt lt u.
,
8 (. 217, 11), ,
(. 217, III). (, )

1 11 111
'1

. 217

n , " .
, (, ) ; ll .
, " , (, ) .

Al. - 10. i1iu

(5) = v:~:' (:>)

KQja

f (, ) = :: ( + ) - 2 ( - ) = .

-II (3)

'~= ya-2+XZ - , ! - 2+2 = ,

~.

.r = = , jI (5). ~.

f l f
--=2, -=2+2,
2

38 =- .... , ...

! , .
l ' =','-2, --=0,
'-,-
xl
-=2
2 '

.(4)n

-2+2 '2 = ' = 1,

252 . n

, :' '
. ' - - , lIill
lllll lIiu
(.
218).
(5), '''' i
-. '
(5)
.. '

cos26
= ---.
cos6
20.

(6) = 2 1/1 +,

{(,) = 4 (1 +)- . = ,

{' ,
- = ' + 5 4 = ,
' ; ,,'
{
. 218 -=-2=.

= = ,

2 { { 2 {
-=12 2 +20 , ---=0, - =-2
\! '
I = = ,

l { 2 {
-=0, --=0,
2

(4)

_2'2 _ n ' = ,

, {6) 8 .
n .
(6),

- , ' == , " = 2, =

. l111l l111l uAI. [jPB~

(. 219).
 111. 253

000 lt1. ~ ' :

10. . (. 98)

(x2+il)l = 2 (2 _ 2 )

. ~
' = 1.
20. Descarte~~OB (. 101)

x B +yl--3 =

r. ~

. .

3'.
1 -
= 1: - V1 + --+----3I(11------

2
...
.
.

40.

y:~ = ! + ', (, > ) . 219

= = , ' = '.

50. 2 = 2 (9 - ) " = -= .

300. . -

( ~)2_ 2! l ! = ,
2 2

i~~'cf_(4'il,.iI ' '. (1)

(, ) . '{'
~ I;J . !
'' , { (, )
". 1 ) ? ,
(, ) " (. 2~, 1).
8' , (, )
" (. 220, 11).

1) , (. 220), - ,
+ & - , .
254

~ , ,
, l .'
(, ).

I 11

. 220

. - 10. Diocles- llII

(7) _::: 11
VO-
.

!(,) = l(-)-' = o~
q (3) r

! --- 3l =0, ! =2(0-)-0,'

,
- ":'" , ' .. ny, ,... (1).

-I ! = -, ;!
- - ... -2, -. '. t
- -2'.(-) " ,,'.' '

~ hh ~""

=- = ,

2f-=; ! =0,
l

(4)

201'-1-0 "n 1'-0.

 . 255

, (7) lJ
.
. ,

(. 221). ,

,
> .
(7), = , ' --
= "
==.

2.
4 .~

(8) =+153'


. 42
,(,) = (--)! - 152 5 = .

h ,
=, =
.
(8), =. '-l, -,

. 221 2 ~
' = 1 2

(8) , > , .
= ,

= , " == ' .
1. - h :

1.
5 ,

= 2 ' 3
il = = .

20.
2 ~
=++ 2 2

110 = , = .

30.
( - xl)l .... (-)8, (> ),

ll ll = , == ", ' = 2 .
256

2 + 4'1'- 4 ! + 4 ==
lli Ili lli = = , ' = .

50. (. 93) ,
x=.a(t-sint), y~a(l-cost)

. lliu Ili t "'" 2 k , == 2 ak 2t,

= , k .

60.
2= __
2-

lli Ili lli = = .

70. ' = UQBpalliHY Ili ll -- = .

80. lliu (. 59)

2 2 2
- +3 = 3

lll - , = , ... , = .

301. SJl . -

( ~!t )2_ ! iJlf <,

! 2

(4) Jl Kop~Ha '. (1)

(, ) . Jl
(1). , (,} .
(, ) lll .

u.. -

(9) y=xVx-, ( >0),

' Jl

f(x,y) = yJ-l(-) == .

(3)

! t
- = - 3 +2 =
>
, - = 2 = , .
~x

, = = lJ .

t 1! 1!
-
2
= -6+2; -- -

, --2,
.
 111. n 257

= = ,

-'-f= 0 ,
i)'lf
-=2
' '
lI (4)

2 +2 '2 = 1= '12.
, = =
(9) (. 222).
(9) ,
< , = ,
= . (9).
61. - h
:

}.


- (x-)V-,

< , .,,, = ,
= (, .... ,-).

20.
'+ .... (-l)1

""1
...222
= -== (' = i '12).
'.
l -= 8 - l, ( > )
" "'" = .

4.
' = (+)', (0)0),
m"== -, =.

5. '.
l '
--.:...+- ... .1
l

" =-.
6.

,", - -, iI , Illll",
-. .

. .. 17
258 rnaa

2. 8 . - Jl,, , peIea

(3), l ', - l '0_.

-
'-
*'
-
'
.-

(, ) (1), '
(4), n

(4') ~~! +3~Y'+3~y'I+a" ,'8-0.

" )'

Jl, Jl, ', , . n

, h (, ). ,
(, ) (1), (, )
lllQ (1). , ll
l , , , ' ,
-, . --.- , --., --:-- -
l 2 '

, . (3),
(4') ' JI,.
, (, ) (1) u .,
, ' , j~ "
n '. ll.I
. )

1) rn , jeJUl (3), Mowe

. (1) h l- n r. n.
, (3), . (., ) rn . (1),
l- {ln f (, (, ) ( 83)

f (, ) - t f(::S)x. (
-

+2 )1 (:: ). ( - ) (-) + (:~)Xo (-)l ] + . -
h
n

(10) f (x+h, y+k) -iI(~)~ h 2 (::);: hk + (:~);: kI] + ~. - ,

rae h - - , k - -' 3 h n k ..

k
. h -+ k -+ , - - ' n
-+ h

f
-ll 2! l

2
+ 2- - ' + - '2 =
2
(
,
.

CY.lllUB , u llsu
, l- n (10).
rn l (4) lt m .
n (4') lt h , .
 111. .. 259

. - 10.

(11) f(x,y) .. -'- == .

(3)

! = 2 - 4 ' _ , ('! == . - 3 = ,

- == (11).

"! "l "!

----=-=0
'
(4'), , .. - ,

6 -6 ':'- , )1' ('" -1) - ,

I'==, .'-I, ,'=-I.

, (11) -- TaHeQTe, .
II . =--
(11),1)
20.

(12) !(x,y)=y_axyl+.r=O.
(3~

! !
== -+48 == , == 4 8-2 .... ,

=- ' (12). ,
,

a != -a-! =-! ::=0,

-
l l l

, l

(4'), , = = ,
'

- 2 2 = I',... , ' = ,

h .' == , " .
, == "':' (12).

1) ,/ , - ;.. ,
- : (11) . -
,

_. ' - - ( - ' - ) - ,
-.

17*
.260 . n

, ' - . ,
1'''' .
6lfl. - C.IIeJtehe ~:

1'.

". ll =- - .
; _
.

20. (m ) (. 100. 1)
(xJ +,.)1-41l " - n = asin28
80 Ta~~y .. _. .
30.
xf_ax1y+byl -

UlpIl u - - .

, ., ' , , l
- , -= V ' = -: V .
.Q. 8apme . - .. .

ll.U. - 10. COsVx "" = , = 1,

;> .

20. = log ,,/ly - =

,
8ll0 ;>. - -- - ,
n. . __.I)

1
30 - - - " .... == ,
logx
; - 1, '" (. 223).

304. Jl_ JI yr . -
. nI4
, ( ) n. .
.

log % %
ll - ll %101% - ll ---1- - I - 1 - - Il -.
%-++0 %-++4) %-++0 _ %-++0 __ %-++0
% :'
 III. n 261

II., - 1.

(13) =--)

l+
, .. -= I .
(+) '"'" (-) = ().

, .

=--.
)

dy 1
dx + .!.
l+ x(1+e X )2

' - , ' ' = 1 I

-++ -+-

. == -
.n " " (13).
. -
h :

1,
1
= a+xarctg-

. lliIl = ,
. 223
=

, = arc tg -1 - - - ,
l+xl
2,

= x(xlogx Vl-x) "

fi. = =

305. . -
, .
. , , JI -'
, h .
,
.
262 n

, s'
. ,
(N!! 19).
. .
, .
h
- + . h
. h
f .
,
. ,
. l(,
.
" = A(t), = IL (/),
' h
t.
Kpll8a = / (), -
= / () . ,
.
'
. , .
hatama.p=a,0=2k-n;+<Z h
1 .
=, 0=(2k+ 1)-n;+<z.
;;-
= , 0= <z + 2 k h

=, 0=2 ke - <z (. 224) (=
= OMl = . = ).
. h
= cos , y=psin p=f(O)


. 224
= / () cos , = / () sin .
u..,;u. - 10.

(14) (2 - ) - ( - 1)1 ,.. =(-l)11 .

. V2-x
,
= 1, . (. 225). .
[, 2). ' ,
- + . .
 . n 263

1, it .
ONA. 1 2,
+00 . -2,
. Q .

, (2-)+-l
D = .
" (2 - )8

-. + , ' (+0).- , .

==. = 1, '= 1, .

450 1350.

)( 11i 11i
2
.

(2-)+-l = 3- 2 -1-= ,

3 -"{5
l --2-

+
. 225 ,

( ON). I 2
paCTt ( ). h
. (14) 11iu (. 225),1> (14)
Q

1 sin
,(15) =---
cos6 '
rAt Jl 8. ",
, ~OBOHO 6

~, (15) - , +
2
.
20, Ducartes-OB (. 101)
'+l-3 = , ( >0).
1) 061lt tllA . 218 h -
th . 1.
264 r

= .
,

3at
=--
1 +tS '

t = tx. ~
= , t - 1
+1 h (. 101). t

dx 1-2tS 3 t (2 - t S )
-=3 , dy = ,
dt (2 - t 8)2 dt (1 + t3)2

:; = t= /-2' ~- = t = ;2.
h

t I -1 I t~ 1 I

- t4" -
2

+00 I at2 I -

I I I
2

(. 101). AON .
u,l1 = - -. ,
lll . h h
.

30.

6
= ----
6- 1
uu . ,

, , = , = , tg v = 2-- = . 6 '
' .
1,
- .
, ,ll KL (6 = 1, d = - 1). : 6 1
+ , + 1.
, KL (9 = 1, d = t) , hh
,
, ' = 1.
 IV. . n. 1lna 265

CDEFO. n, - ,
1. n , hh
,. ,
n n =]
.
OPQR (. 226).
1. - 1. lll1l

2
( n
n n = shx).
20. lll1lili
sin . 1
= -.- , = SlO - ,

= 8 - 2 2 ~ 3 .

30. -

== ._~p-
l-ecos
. 226
lliu .

IV , . U

306. . -

(1) r = r(s) = x(s)J+v(s)j

s n,

1
... = t,
...... -
MN = t+ ~t 1 =ds
1 1 =

(. 227). TN = I!.. t
.... ~

. = ~ s (1).

ii" = I::..s (1).

'~:I
, .

(2) - = I"'
I~~st I == ''''
1.14st I= Idt
ds
I
(1) .
2

. . (1)

-+
=t ,

I~; I= V(:;)2 + (:)2 = 1.

d3 r = dt = d2 x + ! = ,
ds ds ds 2 ds2 .
(1)
, s

2 (d2- )2 =
Idr =1 dsdt 1=
(3) ds 2 .
( d- )2 +
ds2 ds2
0-------- (2), " (1)
. 227 dt
. - =
ds
II I t (!! 276),
(1) . ,
CTpallY dt
(1) (. 227). (1)
. .
" (1) , .
lbeHe .. ,

cJ2r d1x d'y

=Kn = . - ~ -- +-.-
ds' ds 2 ds l

.
10 f ,
h sins- (1) , . h

nJ = cos (, ) -
ds_. Z _=,
11 (r! )2 + (2 )2
V ds Z ds
 IV ., eBO.lya, 06 . '267

. - cos (, ) = "\ I ( )2 + ( )2 .
V ds 2 ds 2

s, .
(4) r "'" r (t) - t\) f + (t)j ,
,
s (, h
ds =- 1 I(dX)2 + (d):)
dt V,dt dt
dr
(5) t=-
dr dt dr dt
= - - .... - --,
ds ds dt ds
({
"uu

(5) (5'), h
eJI t.
(5') h (4)
." t~ ,
(5') (4)
(3),

dx ds dx cPs
dx dt dt (jjI - dt -(jji- '.
-=-, --
.dS:: ds2 \~;)3
dy
dy dt
ds .. ds -,
dt
(}2s tJ2 t
1) dfl ds l '
268

(3) h . (4)
.1, . h

dx dy
didf
dx cf2 dy d2 d2 d'
dt dt2 - di dt2 dt Z (ftl
(6) = .3 = .
[(:~)2 + (: )]2 [(d; )2,+ (:]2

(7) =- dx (2 - ( ~
(dx 2 + dyl)2
t = , (4)

() = +()

= t, = ( ==- () ~ f(x).
(6)

(8)

D , " ~O
(N!! 291).
, ,
k . IX ,
~

MT~t (. 227).

. t'= f cos : + sin IX,

-dt = (' ,
2
- s1 + cos IX) -d IX = d-
- r =
ds ds ds 2

(8) = vsin 2 : + cos 2IX /' - IdlXl = 1-

IdO:'1 .
ds ! as

d 0:,
, l(uu.
 I . n. . 269

(8)
-+
(. 227). = t,
-+
~ t t + ~ t =- 1 1 L1

ii. . fii.4 = ~ s. IL1L1s I

ltJ ~ = s ,

(9) = ~:~o
l' '/
~s
I =
Idexl
I ds
~e (. 227). Jlh
h

tg = ', = arc tg ', d =

"
--
1 +,
dx , ds = "1 + ' dx ,

(6), (1) (8).'

.

307. . -
ii
iiu 8 , .

1
(10) R=-.

MN

' = R KOHKaB~Y
, h '
u 8
.
'
R= ' uu
.

"
..
,
. 228
' (. 228).
~ C,y ... f(x),1~
(, )' . ' (1, ~). ' (, ~)

S) ::

r(x) ... +() - xl+t(x)j.

270

r t = r+Rn,

rl =J+~j, r=xi+yj,
(1 +'I)/2
(10') R= " '

= i cos (, ) + cos (, ) = - i sin (t, ) + cos (t, 1) =

= _ i t!y + dx == _ ' i + 1 "

ds ds '11 + 'l +'l
,
O'(cx,~) (, ) II

. l+yll l+'l
(11) . = - ' --, ~ = + ---.
" "

8 1).

== ,(, .v = '" (,

dx = ' (1) dt,' dI -= " (t) dt, dy ... ~' ( dl, (8 = "''' (t)dt,
, (7) (16), (
) .

R = _[q>,J(t) + '111 )]2

' (t) 0/" (1) - '11 (t) " (t)
' (, 13), (11),2)

= -
dy (dx 3 +dyl)
- - - = (t) - -
t' .,,1 (t) + +,1
.
(]
,
dxdly - dytJ3x ,'(t)'!t"(t) -+'(,"(
dx(dx 2 + dy 2) ,' [,'I( + +,1(1)]
~ == + dx dI - dy dI == '" (t) +" (t) '1t" (1) - +' ( " (1)'

, iJs2=dx2 +dy 2 =
t 8, .
['I(8) 0/'2 (s)] d82 , +
=, (8), == , (8),
cp'I(S) + +,1($) ... 1,
" " + +'''''' .- . ,

R= 1 ~ = ,"2(S) + V"I(S).
' (8) +"(s) - +,(8) ," (8) "'-

1) OAroapa
. r = r (1) = 1 + = ' (1) 1+ +(1) .
2) ( 94) yx,_dyj _ +' (1), ,,_dxtfly - dytflx _cp'(t)t"(t)_+,Jt)fP"(t)
dx ~' (1) dx8 fP'1 (/)
 IV. , t, il 271

.. - 10. u i11 (, ) u
. (, ) 1 .

(, )

, -= f (),
.
. h
,

' (. 22:),

(12) ,' = , "+, OO'-=Ro==_1 ,

. "
Ro
(, )
MN

(,) . 229
- + ( - ) ' =

N, .

-= ()., Y=y+~.
'

, , ' , , (12),

= lim ( +~) = .l == _1 - Ro = ' ,

-+ M~O ' -+ " "

. N ', .
20. ' u (, )
ll. (, ) filu
(. 2~9).
, (, )
"
,

' + ( - )' = 2 ,

. (, ),

' + ( - )1 = :l 2 + ' - 2 = ,

2
=-+-.
2 2
 272

, , , ' n,

=
M~O -+
(1'2- 4-~)2
= ~ =
-. '
_1_ =Ro '
"

. n .

30. U u
lt1erOBor u, .

K=~.
R
( - )2 + (_)2 = R2 (. 230). (9),
h (, ) h (n )

. L1~ d~

= l1
~$-+O
--
/j,.s
=-.
ds
.
,

/,. 1
/j,.s=R/j,.~ -=-
'/1s R'

. A~ d~ 1
=, l -- = - = - ,
d$~O /j,.s ds R
.!)

::l. - n
( :
. 2 10. -
,, n
, 2 )

(13) 2 = 2px+qx.,
., n. n
IJI
- " j~ . n

./
(12') yy'=p+qx, "+'2=,

:n , ' : :,

' " "'" 2 _ ( + qX)2

n, h r (13),
(13') . " = -.

1) .
( II.

1) q < , q > .!l, q = .

 lV. , , 273

h R
N 1)

R 1 +'"
(15) . - -----,
N "

h , (13') (14), (, )

1 +,1 N8 NI
R=-N--= - ._-. =-.
" . " "
, iifiult " " filt " mpefteAt.
. . "m. " m
. HopMaJta. 2 )
. ~ -~
20. Jlu (. 104) = ch =2' ( + )

1 ' 2
(16) y'=sh-, y"--ch-=-, l+y'I=I+sh"-=h l ---
l "'

3
(1+1''')2
R = N - - =-,
"

. i10 "puHe " 1l0u "1

.

... (15) (16), h (.,)

l+'
R=-N--=-N,
1"
. . ,
.

(~ -~).
a;=X-2'- tI, ~ = 2.

1) I (, ) '.
(14) N- 1+'2,
, . .
, (10') .(14) (15),
. (, .
(15) ' R N , - " > , ,
-TI'<O.
') , - "" , 6 R. - , ... "" ,
(12'),
N - yYl+y'Z - VYZ+ ('). _ .
~ 18
274

30. uu (. 93)
x=a{t-sint), y=a(l-cost),

dx . d '
- = (1 - t) , ..l. == t
dt dt '
d2 x dy rJ2y
- = s1 t = -, - = cos t.
dt' dt dt 2

1 +" N'
N = "1/ 1 + ,/ = "1/2 (1 - ,
,,"
-'-
"
,
N2
. ,," = _'' (1 - cos t) =- - - ,
2
s (, )

1 + '2 NS
R=-N--=_---2N,
" ,,"

. i10uu ull lt uu
HOpAtaJlt;.

qeHll(?a

-= a(t+sint), ~ = -a(l-cost).
40. l1i Ul1 = k 2 lI t
(, )
8 4 3-
R=~(l + ~)'2.
4
2 k-

50. Jlu " Jll1 n

= cost, .. si t

8 (, )
3
R =- ~(_2_S_i_2_t_+__2___S2 t) '2

' u

- - -' cos t,
2 - . '-2
~ ~ - - - - sin t.

il.u ' = 8 (: ' 3)

R = 7!~.
l
 IV. ll8Jl. ... t 06 275

70. UIl "u. =-

(,) h
s
. R= (l+9')

80. .UIl " = log (cos ) 8.

(,) h
1 ==
R = _.- -,
cosx
qeHlIlpa "

. 1& = z-tg , 13 .... log(cos ) -1.

90. Ult Il

= 3tJ, =.3t-t'
3
. . (, ) .ll R =, "2 (1 + tJ)l, qeHlIlap "

0:- !.(1+2t'-tt), 13 --41'.

2
100. ll "
z== (cos t+tsin t), == a(sint-tcos i)
. ()
, .II R- t, ~e ,
. ',
= "2' R - 2 ' '
qeHlIlap Il tx = cos t, ~ .... sin '.
110. ll ~paBaHe r-4
(~, ) f.IIaCH
3
R ... 2 (+l)2,
' .
qeHl1lap " tx - +2, ~ = - - .
4
120. lIl (C.ll. 59)
2 2 2
'.
3 +3=
n n

= 08' t, ~ =- sin' t
ll Il (, ).

R= 3 r H.IIH R= ~si t C08't,

qeHlIlap Il tx = + r fJ ... + r
3 %3, ~

18*
216

13.

~ Otll80Jlt IC (, )
3

R _2( + y)Z
" .
14. ( - l )2= 8 (-, )

R ,....!...
2
8. Jl Jl. KOOJIAIIII8-
&. - 8 IIIIII8 p-f(8) . .

r(O) =- + ~ plcos8 + - f(9)icos8 + '()..

4z , 8 (, )
v
. I
(, 8) (. 231). .
(!! 54).

tgv=-, v-arctg-,
' '
\

4Z- + v - + .rc tg - ,
'

d4Z = d8
(;)
+ ---'--=- d8
1 + (:'
. 231

. 88 ( 138)

ds .. V' I + l d .
, (9) (10), " QvDu" "uu
 JV. ., , 277

2 + 2 '2 _ " ~,--~ + ( '-)" ~

r-

n ,
(N!! 292).
~ n
(11)

= cos 6 = f (1:1) cos , ~ sin . ~ f (6) sin 8 ,

. - 10. u. iiu (. 18) - ae~,
' ~ !) = , " = ' = 2, iiiiu uu

q (, 6) R= ''+m\ . iiiiu !' Uf1i

l1u iliiu .

20. (. ) = 2 (1 + cos 6), ' = - 2 sin ,

" ... - 2 cos iiiiu 8 380 (, 6)
4 -
R - - V , . iiiiu iiiiu -

llolllera.
61. - n :
'.
1'. ....
' u (. 98) 1'2 = l cos 26 1l0.Jfiiu 8
2
(, 6) R =-- .
3"

2', u = ~------ ullult
l- cos 6
1'III (, 8)

R=p ( 1+-----)2 ,
' eI sinl
2
278 I

', U60lt iitJ (. 211) =-.!!.. Uiilt Itu

n (, )

40. == sin ..!. "

= -, = 1 iiiillult ItUIJ
2 2
4
R== - .

I
50, .. (!! 288) d == -
" ' + ,1
. .
R-.L.
dp
dp
60, - cos& ll ulllt It lI II

(, &) R =- .!!..
. 2

70, . U (, 17) ... & IIlI lllllt "-

II

t (, &)
3

R_~J + aI)~.
l + 21
80.
U PI CQS 2 - aI IIlI
Ul1lt It
(, &)

'
R--,

-;:;-;F----------------.:.~ 309. Jl. -

(,. )
, 232 ,

' II 11 Il 1 (. 232), .lt
.11l0 It O'':kpUBe l1l It .
~8 = f () , lI . .ll 1 .110-
 IV. , , 06 219

'(1 + '2)
IX = - -------- - ,
"
(17)
1 + ,2
~ = + --,,--,

: ~ ! .
, h 8
F (a:,~) = . , (11)
h .
~ (, )

dy dx dy . 1
-dx ,.. tg q1, - == coscp, - = s1~, l+"=--,
ds ds - cos2
dy. dy ds . ds ds -R ,
-
dx
=-= -
ds dx
- = slO - ,
dx
-
df9
d (,/)
-d' d (,/)
=--=--~
-;; = -"--- d"_ , d~
- = dcp
__ ds ::3::
1
_ _

dx.l dx
d,
dx cos' dx dx ds dx R cos

(17)

(16') :--Rsi, ~=y+Rcoscp.

OB~ ,

ds = R dcp, dx = cos ds , dy - si ds ,
ah~
(17') { da: = dx- R cos dcp - sin, dR - -sin dR,
dfJ == dy - R sin dcp + cos dR = cos ,dR,

df3 1, 1
(18) -=---=--
da: tg ,/

, O'(II,~) '
... (18), - ' (
) (,):
', . .
, lJU" " " . " (, )
eOAyly ! . h.w " '.

1) ... f (), ' - f' (), " - (' () .

 280 ' r

SI . , (17').
(19) d~ '"" da. 2 + d~2 = dR2, ,SI = :!:: R
, + D, (D = st.),
+ R SI , 8:
. !f ,
.
(. ) ; =~, '
1 h 610'='<;1' R
h -;: = S, h
OTa=SI 1 ' ' (. 232). (19)
'

(20) SI = - R + D.
' - Ro )
' = R, l ' ' S. =
SI = '. (20) '

O=-R.+D D=R.,
(20)

(21) ,
S, '.

(21) , l1i u.
i1 1tpUBUHe . .. 1 )
= (, = JL ) ,
(17) , , ' "
t.
p=t(&), h =(S&=t()S, =si=t()si
,, ', ' ' ..

. r = r (s) ,
r 1 =r, (SI) : ll , (. 232)

(22) r 1 =r+Rn,2) ~!!.=dr +dRn+Rdn=t+ dR n+R dn ,

ds ds ds ds ds ds
R , -

.
drt,
- .
'
ds
dt dn
tn=O, -n+t-=O,
ds d.<:
1) , ll
. . .

2) , eJt (16').
 lV. , , q 281

dn dn 1
Kn+t-=O t - ... -Kn=-K---
ds ' ds R'
1
- - .-
R
. t..r: , dsdn 1- n,1) t
dn
.
ds
dn
~
ds
dn 1
(23) - = - K t ... - - f ,
ds R
. dn
.
, -
ds

.
(22), (23),

dr t dR dR
(24) -=t+-n-t= -.
ds ds ds

, ) '
(}: 232). ',
. , ' llia'lKU eBoJlylliy )
lli '.
'

-
dr l _
--
dr t dS I
__ -
_
-
dS 1 t l '
-

ds dS 1 ds ds
tl 1 , , (24),

ds ,
ds t 1 ds ,
= dR I'd-; I I I I
dS 1 dR '
=ds ds 1 1 = I dR I ,
, 1 n.
n . I dS1 I =- I dR I '
(21).
. - 10. / lli = 2 .
n , ' " ,
8 (17), h lli'

2
.=+-,

dn
1) .
ds
 282 Jeueea r..aa

n li 8

AI _ _8 (I._p)8.
1" 27
I .u 804 .....,. 0(1. ( )
. . . . II8 ItIIKY (1. - , , - )
~
.,. .
... (!
__ .
, (, ) eH~

0(0, ) (. 23).

IX 20. aI Jl
--~-.~~~--------------.-
x=acost, -sit.
( 58)
' = dy = -~ cotg t,
dx

dJy
"-------
d (1 l si8t '
... 2 j8.uau (17) ",
BB'I.'~O 68
(25) atZ- CI eos' t, b~ - -CI ' t, (CI- 41-~),
UtI_eaitja 88p8IIjta
t OJI JUU8

2 1

(26) (::' + (:!) _1, .

. nI acllpoaJlIl.

KplI8J .uI 01ICpjtl.

C81'II, . . . . lIOIIOh . . . . . .
. (25), llJlO . 'l
(.t6}.
. e.llll1lCe '
1 , 1 , 1 , 1
(. 234). 1=0, h, .
CI
(25), (1. - - , fJ=O, . . 234

 ,JV. pu. 80. . 283

~ ~
3 t= 2" 6h, (25), <=, ~= - ' ,
81' .1)

,. h u
2 l
.---=1
l 2
t

:& t, = sh t .
h , h
.
3 2

(;)2 _(~) = 1,.

I .
1 1 (. 235).
(3

235
4'. UICu
= (t - sin t) , = (1 '- cos t)
. uu

lX=a(t+sint), ~=-(I-cost),
2 .
1 3 ~-o. (26) --

< . , .

, 2 . . ... . h, 3 ... -'> .

, (26),
=
<
18T6 , 2 .
284

n8 (. 236). 1= , h =, ~ = , . h
. f=1r., h oc=a1r., =-2, . 01'
t=21r., =2 a1r., -, . .

. 236
n t-1r. + . h

= a(1r. +u- u). ~ = (- 1- cosu)

n

' = - Q1r. - ( _. sin ), ~' "'"' ~ + 2 = (1- ).

lIn , iil Ulu Q1.0 Ulu
3 2
(. 236).
6. n :

1.
-t, y ... P-6
iil

OC=_-/I
4
3 '
2.
- 9-1' , = 2t

( - 7- fI , {3 = - 2 tl

'. 8 -

= 2/, y~-

1
iil
12 f4
----
+9 ~ =7 41' + 27.
t
 'lV, , n, n 285

1I1
0:_-2/8, -3/ 1

60. - log (cos )

~ - - tg , ~ = log ( ) - 1 .

310. . -
1 (. 232).
, . 1 h" .
1 .,

1 ( ~ - A(~) (. 232),
($1==0;0')

, .
.
81 = ~~1-+-,:'13,=2 do:,

(19),
d8 t =- ~+ [3'1

dR- - d'J - -" 1 + ~'I d, R- -$I

'1- ,-~2 . 1 ' -

II , 8 (. 232)

-. -. -=--=
1 - COS'l- (08 ,-~
( .) == 810',
.
dS 1 V1+ [3'1 2

dP
a~ _ d _ ~' _ sin '1;" 8in (cp-~) _cos,.
dS t dS 1 " 1 + ~" 2
.
(,)1) . (16') ll~,
II ll,

_ ~_ (D-s (f
(27)
)1 V1 + ~'I

, 1 , I3- (<<), '

llpmcJfl jelltl"""e eOJlBeHme ,lt.IC 06ult. II
nalll ' . e80.IIeHTe JlII
. 88 (27)
D, 1 Jl.
286

. r=r (s). 'r1 ='r1 (s)

.iil 1 t1
' 1 jl '. '
== D-s 1
SI - ?)' D . (. 232) .
'dr dr 1 dt 1 dt 1
r=r,+(D-s1 )tl,1) - ... - - t1 +(D-s1) - = t 1 - t1 + (D-s 1 ) - .
. dS 1 dS1 dS 1 dS j
.
dr ~ (D _ SI) dt 1
dS 1 ds, .
.
,
dr.
- ,


dS 1
dt
, nl _1 1
ds,
'. , .. Q' 1 '
. (. 232).
& ' M=D-s , n2)

(28) SI. + R= D,
Jf D , 1
. eBO.llBeHTe HOpMa.lle
~

.
(28) h eBO.ll-
1 D,
' 1
', .ll taHreHTe ' ,
(. 232). IJ
1 .ll, h .II
, .II , . (eBO.llBeHTY)
(. 232). D, .
eBO.llBeHTa 1 , eBO.llYTa 1
80 eBoJiBeHaTa.

.. - Hahu . . 1 , 2 + ~2 ==,2 (. 237).

' eBB.IIBeHTe eBo.llYTe 1 ,
' 11 ' .ll
= , .cos ~ .. , si

r-rl-Rn ~
eoneHTe , . (16').
1) ' - R Jlf ic .
 '. . yr. } 287

' '.
3
(6;)

)f ... , + r " ,

= , sin - " cos .

4u ,
. n
II
,r = ,. (1 + ,.) .
8IC . '

n8 .

311. .--
. 6.
. 237
(29) r .." r (/, )
' r(t, ) . -

n 1 tJ ' ' 1:r+I: 11=+=0,

,8 lln ,
.l) h

1 , l , ' . h
1 , ' .....
ll(29).
nn c8lCOj

.n (29) 06
"(29) (. 238).
n (29),
h ,.
.

. 238
(29') '-(), -: ()
,() ,() n. , ~ . l' ()
' () (110, l). t n
', .8 . (29.)
r - r (t, =- ~ [1 (), ., ()].

1) pall 1. lipOII81 t Jl } 1.
288 .

. 1 .
. 1 C1
= tp () = st., ' () = ,

(30) dr = r dl = r {' (/)

du l du t

'r I
1 , = tp () ' () =!= ,

(31) dr = iJr dt + r da _ r f' () + r ' ()

du iJt du du t

1 ,
, 1 1 ,
(30) (31) .
r iJr
- , .
t

(32)

(29) . 068.
(29)

r - xi+ = >.. (t,a)l+I1(t, ) .

. , (29'),
dr == ( dl ,. da) + ( dt + da)
du at du du t du dll

d r _ ( i + ) dt + ( i + )- da ,
du at at du du
, ... (31),

" fl (32).

( i + ) ( i + ) . . . D (, ) k ... ,
t at . D (t, )
1.
D (, ) -= _ _ .
(33)
D (t; ) at ~a at
 IV. , n, eo.18U'fa 6II4 289

(29) (33) (29),

(33), o=V(/), '1" (1) + .n
.n 2 '. a=-'1'(t)
(29), (29)

(34) r = r [/, "'(1 = (1) i + (1) .

C.JIOB (33)' ,

_ =" 1)
ot - , , ,

. (29) .n . .n
(34) , .n
(~9). (34) iil11
. .l110 n l11 (29).
(29) .n ,n
.

, (34)
.n
8 (29).
.n

(35) (,,) = ,

(, , ) ,n !'

, YC'nOB 1
21+ I 12 + I 12 +0,
.n 2
.n . (35) ,n

(34') - (1, ), = . (t, ),

(, ,) - [ (1, ), . (, ), = .
'.
t

(35')

8 .....113& 19
-. Jeaecar.....

.
.

- - ==.----k

t t

= kay, F __ k,
t at
(35')

k ( .~. ) ~
at t
, (33),
(36) = .

t (35) .
(35) (36) l (35). 'l
l (35) (36), (35)

(37) (, ) = .

(56) , , (35'),
== =
' ,.
. (35) o1l . .
(37) ' , .
(35). (37) . ll. Jl
06 .N . u lt I'puX (35).
(35) nl
. , (35) (36) QJ
, . = 1...(0), - 2 (0), 1..;1 () + ;I () =t= .
(37) 1'8
.ps u. (35).
(34'),
, Ci , t
{, (34')
. (34')
t.=t(x,o) , .= .... [t(,),]
iI.

(38) 0= a..... at + .....

t
 JV. Kpll8lla, eoqra, eonea 8 68 &pU , .. 291

.....
[t (, ), ],
.
' _ iJt +
(38')
it
iJt
4....... (38) JI (38'), h Jll.l

(8")
D (, .) = .
D (t, )
8 .. (34') . (34').
"" .. , .
(34') .." Jl t.
.t .. , h r
.

.. - , .

(9) F(x,y,o~b) - .
. ..

(.w) (,) - .
... "" .
(39).
. .", l
, ciIeAehH .
(39) (40) .. h
, ($h

iJ~+iFdb -, +.d -.
' da da
0_ db .'. h .
lJII .. " da ~ ..o

F () _ ()F () _ D(F,) _ . "

(41)
'. D (, )
, (39), (40) (41), h
n (39).
. .
. .. - 18. 06BojHua . ' , F(x, , ) - , .
. .0 11l ll 6d
ll .Jl .

F(x,y,a) == , F(x,y,a+Aa) -
19"
 282 r.....

06;/1. . .. , . .
. 1 06.11

(,,) -, - + l1a
-"(,,+8I1) = 0.1)
21
4 ... , . K.JUI . .ll l ,
.lll

( , , ) = ,
=
'

(,,) .... .

il ' (,,) = .
20_ Jl' Bpue =-I () l11 u ,.eIOIX .ll.
= ((),
(,)
-+'(...:..) = ,

(, ).
(,) . = I(), % ,,
-U8 -1("), 8.11,
06 . s.. - 1(),
ll8.11 .ll

":' "+ '( -f(x- ,

IlpOAeAluB llDIUle.
" 6h
-1+1"(Y-{(x-f'(x) - .

l . = 1()
, II 06.11

1+1' I ( x ) l + y ' l
X-x-f(,,) =-1'--,
1" ()

= (()+ 1+1' () = + 1+1' .

. 1" () y'~
, 1]7). .ll """ ((%)
.

. '
1) (, , +) - (, ,)+ + 2t " (, , +) -
.
 IV. , , 293

3'. q .
. =/() n

(42) F (, , ) = --' ( -) = ,
lfp.IUIU lJapaMemap. ll h

-'-" (-) +' = n. y"(X~x) == .

" -, - / () n n,
. - = (42)
= = / () == f ()
)' .

4'. Haltu I1

(43) cos + sin a-f(a) = ,

allpo.eJblJ8 U...

..... . h

-xsina+ycosa-/'(a) == .

, (43)
: = ) cos -/'() sin .,
= f(a) sin + f () cos
~ . (44) (, ) .
(43), ll (44)

dy = [/ () + " ()] cos = _ cotg ,

dx -[/() + /"()]
I IIll (43).
3 / ) - 1sin t (43)
cos + sin -1 sin -

,ll8 (44), 8h.
'.
(45) - 1sin' , = 105'
n, nll1l1t8ll ll ,
2 :&

(~ )3 + ( )1= 1,
u (. 59). . (45) , -,

=- , -1, - - , x=l, -. , -
2 2
 ... r.....

.I0h .. , 1 .
, .l8 (45), Jl <,
4 tl .10 22r (CJI. 59).
Jlu 08 .

5'. Htdau 06Bojuy

(46)
re jetl llpOAeHJllUB IIfIptlAellltlp. tl h
'
---2(y-tl)-0 , y-tl=-O.
iJtl

Jll ,
'-..., , . - . ... 1, - -1.
.lu , Jl .
- , '- .180-

(46),
,
tl

. -
.

(46). .... 1 - -1
(46).
(46) ; tllll,
Jl
, - 1,
= - 1 (CJI. 239). ,
+'-:-
- - 0,1) y-tl
, . (46)
.29
.I
paJleJlBO .
6'. alt 06BOjuy KpYOBtl , 4/ qelflllpu ' lll ,
" IIpotl8 08 ylllaptey Illtllt tlllltl
. Kpyra r . Jl. sh
. , .l lC ' .
, - r+rcosa,
4; .
= sitl.

. 82
.. tJUI8'I ......1ICU1'e aO.llap.... QOpJUl8.. r.II4CII PI - - .
:'
 JV. ...... &n, n R 295

, n R n

[ -,(1 + cosa)]1 + [y-,sina]1 = R,

l1p0.ACeJbU l1aAf.
I ,

. .
C~ ,

(47) l+ -2 , (1" +cosa) - 2 ' sin = .

h

sin - cos =

(48) ----- = - - - - cos , ... sin ,
$ sin

h . 3h
. (47), h

(49) - 2, (1 + cos ) ;= 2r + 2 ,cos

(48). (48)
-= 2., (1 +cos ) sin ,

== 2 ,(1 + cos a)cos ,
.l1mc Q6u
" l1.".
06u" (. 240). . .
. (48) ,
. ld8
.
".il. . Cora
.... (49) npe~06 '.

pyroa 1;00&1"" KoOPJtH-

.. . ...... "(49), .
Jta"2r~il!fllt..N,
(I.1'8 Y.Brcy (. 240)
.
. 240
... ON+2, ..
l10cJleAI ....... , 8, 8
ON "." .
rc 2, 8 . "uu (. 60).

. ..' . .
",-
296 ll r

. . 'JI; . . .
; . . . - . . .
. ' llOBpam..na
Ul , . ~ ~ 'JI; . r
; . -+-, .
. .' .
(. 60).
70. tlll Ol " . . ,
6. Haltu u u.
. '

. ..!. +... == 1
'
.
+ == k. .... k-a. (k - const.).
. .II Jdte

(50) ~ +---l =0,

k-a
.~.je ( ll.Jll .Ul. ... .

-=-+ - fk-a)-
=0
'
jeil JU ,.

... Vk , k-a - Vk
. ". (50) .h

' + '11" Yk,

.

80. u "pyroaa
(51) x-a+reost, ,.rsint,
r llpoAteHJIIUB .-.." r ""111pRtt..
.. (38") II CJI)'. ..

t -'rr os'
sin t

1 1_ -- . t - 0-,
, C.os t - , t- 1-, DPflII (51), je.unae 06..
, - r.t)
1) 8IIII .... je,JUIInIe (51) .... ...,. (-)' + ,....,..
 ,6tlllJe. - atpll Jl:
1'. lllJt8
r - .... 1
r.

-
'-
+ -
(k - tl)J '

tl Ipo.lfeffJbll4 IfIptI.ellJap, 06
222
+ ~k
28'.

-+--1,
QrfI lJm
..

tlP+bP-l
u.tl 06
.!!!L. m

xlllf-p + yii=fi; - 1.
'. 8 tl . ll.fJ , Il.

(52) ~+L=1

. 06

(53)
(53) Jl8 -
(52), .
dy.
-------,
dx
I.JI

--.

. ' (52)
bl
--- . . =--.
a'-+~ a'-+bI ~
. 8I JlU'l (53), 8I

~+~==~
aZ Ir ,
4',
{x-a)t+(y-b)t = rI,
.u .,

y-b-R, y=b+R.
298

5'. l-( - )8 == uu
(u) " "'"' .

60. ++' = ' -4.

l
70. - -(1 +l)-, . ,
4
06Bojuy l .... 4(-).

80, ll.%+vy-l == , v 8
(au-l)l-bvl- ,

4bx 8 -2za1 yl(a-x) - .

312. . -

(54) = /(8),
s
8 [$0' $1)'
f ($)
(l , 11)' (54) "pue
, op~yje
. (54) h
.
" (54)
(so) II , , (54),
8

= d ==' f($) .... f ($) ds+ ,

ds
f' (s. < s < $,1)'
0
=
$=$0'
(54) (so) , ,

(55) = f '($) ds == ! (s),

80

"'"' , $ = $0

dx - cos d$, " dy =si d$ ,
,
f f

=:' + cos d$ , == + sin exd$,

8.
 lV. . eo.wYI, ellOJle8TI 06. . pl 299

, (55).
s
... + f (1) ds, == + f sin (s) ds
.. <;>
. ..
rAe -%, =. s-so.
II . D~ " (s).
"

(56) == f cos

(s) ds, .... I

'
sin 19 (s) ds

.=, .= 8 s=s,. ~
; (54); (54)
n s [s,. S.).nlIIl Sh
'" . -
... (54). , (54)
.

u. - 1'.
.

f
I
d.
(57) K=---k, " = k ds == ks, (k F= CODSt., " - )
ds

l (56)

- f cos

ks ds - -k1 sin
. ks ,

== f
SI ks ds ... ....., -cos ks +-
.
1
k
1
k

2 + ( _!.)2 == !..
k k2
. 1 '.
.llJl -.
. k
k - , . (57), "= ",. .
. .II. 8 (56) (s. - )

f
.. cos " ds = s COS ""

'" f si CIO ds - s si CIO

300

oaue
- tg ., .... , = ,

UJa " .

20. #.ptiy . Uuu Il,

. - -d. - 2 as,
.
ds
11
dfl.
_.- 2a.~, = 2JSdS = asl
ds

. (56) (s, = )

- cos (asl) dS, "':' sin (asl) ds,

.. . (; + ), n

cos (asl) ds, sin (asl) ds

.

30. Ha#tu .puy 1l0 1l0

~ = ... 4asinfl.,

R UJlllpeUIl Il8.

R -= -ds ....
4 SIO
. fI., ds == 4 sinfl. dfl. ,
d.
l' (56) (4 = , '. = )

-4 cosfl.sinfl.dfl.-2a sinfl.=a(1-cos2f1.),

CI CI

=4 sin 3 f1.dfl.=?a (I-cos2f1.)dfl.-a(2f1.-sin2f1.).

2 fI. == t

x-a(l-cost), y=a(t-sint),

Ullu, .
 V. n 301

V.

313. . - I .
. ( ) . , (JI.241).
L i -
MNI JI
1 -
1 2 ,
JIJI -

L1 ,
1 2 ,
MN 1
1 . -
, -
N1 1 2
JI. 1
. -
-

, 1 . Q
JI + 1 . 241
MN1

JI 1 2 , h
ll 1 MN1 h JI
. L 2
, he h 1 2 1 N. ,
71 L. , 1 N ,
h 1 N ~
MN2 ,
MNs I N JI.

h s.ll I 1 I N .'
L 1 Ls JI .
NMs I JI

, 2 sin 1 NM.
-==-= .
1 N sin NM,. I
1 N1 JI, N h , l
N 1 h -" ,

(1) 1imMtMJ -1im s~nM1NM. = l~ms~n I .. == _$~n(TILI) == k.9=O,

1 S1 N .. ll SI NM, M t sln (T,L.)

1 . 1 N peAl.
302 ......

MN. N. .,
L I L" . " . N I MN. I

.
MN. sin I N
--=
MN. sinN.M M I
I

.
(2) . 'MNI
}l }' sin I N. limsin . N. sin (. L t ) k..J...
-- = I = - - - ,
MN2 sinN2 M1 limsinNII MI M sin (. L,.)

MNI MN" . ,
MN. .
h . I N MN.,
(1). (2),
12
1l _ ="
.21 l
l'l= -=- MN.
MaN 1l=..-"" -k. l',--.
MI N
MN t I N MN.M N~ k2 MN.
I C:s ( , .)
. MtN
MNII

314. . -

=' f(x), = q>(x)

'" ( ' 10) (. 241).
( ' .), ,
, h

(3) MaN - .- I= '( + h)- q> (+)

MNa - h, OQ - + PQ =xo+h,
QMI = Y1=f(xo +h), QN - '. - 'P(Xo'~ ).
l- 1 )
. " ,,+1
f(xo+h) = f(xo)+h /'() + ... +-/(,,) ( ) + [/("+.) () +81]'
nl (n+l)1
. " h"+~ .
'( + ) ==q>(x o) + hq>'(x o)+ ... + _q>(n) ( ) + . [,< +0 (.) + .l,
. nl (n+l)

1) f() () IOH n+l

sa - . .
 V. . 303

hn+ 1 .
+ <n+1(.)_<n+1)( ) + 81-82]'
( + 1)1
61 82 h -+

(5) 1( - ( ) = , " ( ) - 19' ( ) = ,. , I<n) () - <n) () =- ,

I<n + 1) ( ) - <n + 1) ( ) =1= ,
(4)

(6)
n
1
- - - [/<n + 1) ( ) - <n + 1) () + 81 - 6:]
(n+ 1)1
.- 1 n+ 1 h,
. 1 . n- ( ; )'

, , 2 n-
( , ), l1.lllp,i . u lt1
ll .e~y . .

(5) , '() - () = w
= n+ 1 . .. (6) .-
h, , , .
, , . l1apHora , }' u
, . , oupa~

. 92

(7) { = f(t), = (t) ,

= {() , = '1r () ,
(., ) . ~J = to-
' u=t=to ,
' ;ll cp:(t)-'1r(t) t-t 1 ) ,

-
1Im - - - dx
-
o == dso = cos ;
COS ; -
~ (d- Xa )2+ (dY
- O) 2 - cos '/,1.(1.) + ''. (10) =f=. ..
t-+t. 1-10 dlo dlo. dlo dt.
rAe yrao 1 . -
7(
yrao =f= '2 /'" .) + ''. (1.) =F . (. .) I

1 - I-to n .l. Mory .

 304 r..aa

1 (7) h ( -
(., .),

(8) (t.) - t (to) = , ' (t.) - '1" (to) =- , ... , .,<11) (1.) - t<lI) (1.) -= ,
<II+I) ) - '0/(11+1' (to) .
:-
1
(9) = f(t), = ., (1)
1

(9') (, ) = ,

= /(1) F (, ) =
F (f (t), - , = 0/ (

(10) F [/(t), t (I)J = .

(11) . .... 1(1), "" '/)

- 1 1 ( , ),
. 10' (8),
t(l) , (10)
(11); 88
,.
"( + '1"(t) .,. ,

.1 F '~ (t) +2 I F f (1) '1"(t) + ! F 0/'1 (1) +

l
(12)

+ aF
-( + -o/"(t) - ., ,
.
(n
-f"(f)+ ... + - t(II)(t) = ,
~

1 == t.. , 1 ., l (9). (9'),

h, (8) (12), - lk (., .).
/ (12), h l

1 - 10' == 1(t.), t (10) - ., (10)' '1" (1.) - ' (#0)' , V<") (t.) = cp(lI) (1.).
., 811 (9) (9').

(1) = F[f(t),cp(t),
 V. JUUU , PU8 305

.:.... ~ n -ora . I .
(.,)I.), OAroap8 . 1 -1.,

(1.) .... , ' (1.) - , , <D> (fe) - , (n+ 1) (1.) =1=0.

(1) - [f(t), (1)] = .uje ,,~ 1,

o.rOBap.jy .... 08 Jni ,
(1) = F (! (1), ,(1)] - .... 1 - 1. ml(
+
1, . I . 1 +
..

:i15. I(JJl . - 8 I , - f (~)

., )1 .:.. (, , , ,/), + 1 .. , , . ~ ,1.
... , . . ..
( , )10) n, . .. I . .. AO)J.llP
",. .. I (., )1.), , ..
r, l~1I

(13) 1()- (., , , ,1) .... , l' (.)- cp~ (" ; , ... ,1) =0, ... ,
/<n)()_<n) ( ' , , , , i) - .

- + 1 + 1 11, ,. ~ , 1.
. , , ,I ..
., ' . . 80 Jl1l "pua
" 1 1 n .
., . )1-== f () ., )I-+.
w. . . .. ,
, Il .
(, )1.). (13), ....

. . . .,
h OC1l)lJltllliopa Il . '.
Y-/(%,) - 11. (> (-)

') .tl! C~ .ua II.IJ n

... (. ,. . /) - . )'CJI08 (13) ll' .08iu1a

t (., '0' . , 1) - . -
~ )qI
+ ),.
-,,; -
)n '"
.. ~ + ... +..-
()qI .:r,.)
'0 - .
(). )- "

rae '0' ...... Y~) ll. II ... ). f () ..... ,<n) ()

1. - f () !.

Maeaauua ......3

 lf8 r .118a

1 , n
("' ) , n .
. .. n
.
I . , II .

316. . - 2 ,

(-) + (y-b)'-Rl= ,
, R . 1 ,
"n " , y-f(x)
( ' )'

"(-) + (-)' - , l+'l + (-)"= .

. 1
(., .),
... f(xo) , ' -- l' () , ," = '" ( )
1 . ', " 1 ,

I

+ (f(x.)-]2_R" ~O,
(-)'

~14) -+ (f(x o)-blf(xo) = ,

1 + 1,2 () + [!( ) - ] 1" (.) = ,

= f ( ) + 1 + /,1 () R = [1 + /,2 ( )2
/"() ' I "( )
. , R 2 ,
h "nu " " ( , ).

(14) . ', , R
ll Jl
1 , ( ). . " " "
" "u (.N'2

. ,
. (4), h
(16)
, R, (14), .~
,

(17) [1 +/"2( )]/,,,(} - 3/' (x o)f"2 () = ,

 v., .. '1 307

n . (14)
(16). ,.Q (17)
. "
, (15)., -dR - '
,. .
-
dx
... , (. 234)
(. 23) .

::1tJ. - h :

1. (1,1) 2 ++
+ 8 - 1 - =- .
20. + - 2 = ' l = 2
(,).

. = si }'''' -- llim
I
(, )
= 1--' + -

40. - , ilm
21 41
(, )
5. h = sin - - -' 5
~- 1.'
31 51
(, ).
60. - = sin
(,).

7. , , = 2
h h (1, 1).
= 2 -3+3.
80. (. 192)
r=r1 +fa,
r , r1
, f . ,~pBoa
1 , r - r (t), ),

r(lo)=r1 +/o a, (dr) = 1) = .

dt
8 l&. 1 (10) : r-r (t.);=
= (t-t.)r(to), 1 r". r(t),
(t.) ( 285).
ge. 1 r -= r(s), '
TaKO~ (r-r1) (r-r)-l = , r

20*
308 r ",

, r1
, r . !
. 1 ($0)'

[r(so)-r1 [r(s)-rs }-2 = o~

2 [r(so)-rI t($o) - ,

2+2[r($o)-r t l n ($o) =0.

R(so)
. 8Jt ''IlI

Jl. .ll . 'l (S),.

JI. ~IITPOM 1
(s,> (!! 307).