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QCVN122014BXD
QCVN122014BXD
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
H NI 2014
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
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MC LC
Trang
1 Quy nh chung 5
1.1 Phm vi iu chnh 5
1.2 i tng p dng 5
1.3 Ti liu vin dn 5
1.4 Gii thch t ng 5
1.5 Cc ch vit tt 9
2 Quy nh v k thut 9
2.1 H thng ng dn in v thit b in 9
2.2 H thng ni t v dy dn bo v 16
2.3 Cch ly, ng ct mch in v dch v an ton 18
2.4 Bo v chng in git 21
2.5 Bo v chng tc ng nhit 23
2.6 Bo v chng qu dng in 26
2.7 Bo v chng nhiu in p v nhiu in t 29
2.8 Bo v chng st 31
2.9 u ni cc ngun in ring 33
2.10 Trang b in trong cc khu vc c bit 34
3 Quy nh v kim tra 41
3.1 Cc yu cu chung 41
3.2 Yu cu i vi kim tra trc quan 41
3.3 Yu cu i vi kim tra bng th nghim 42
4 T chc thc hin 43
Ph lc A (Quy nh) - Gii hn th tch trong tm vi 44
Ph lc B (Quy nh) - Cp bo v ca thit b in 45
Ph lc C (Quy nh) - Chiu sng nhn to 47
Ph lc D (Quy nh) - Nhng bin php cn thit hn ch chi la phn x 56
Ph lc (Quy nh) Cc loi s ni t 59
Ph lc E (Quy nh) H thng ni t v dy dn bo v 62
Ph lc G (Quy nh) - Vt liu v kch thc nh nht cho php ca cc phn t 64
lm in cc ni t
Ph lc H (Quy nh) - Cc gi tr ca h s k i vi dy dn 65
Ph lc I (Quy nh) - Qu in p tm thi pha h p khi c ngn mch chm t 66
pha cao p ca my bin p
Ph lc K (Quy nh) - Yu cu i vi qu in p tm thi 68
Ph lc L (Quy nh) - in p chu xung yu cu ca thit b 69
Ph lc M (Quy nh) - Vt liu v kch thc cc phn t ca LPS bn ngoi 70
Ph lc N (Quy nh) Phn loi cc vng theo mc nguy him v in 72
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Li ni u
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QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V H THNG IN
CA NH V NH CNG CNG
National Technical Regulation on Electrical Installations of Dwelling and Public Buildings
1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu v k thut bt buc phi tun th khi thit k, xy dng
mi hoc ci to v sa cha h thng in ca nh v nh cng cng.
CH THCH: Cp in p cao nht c cp n trong Quy chun ny khng vt qu 1 000 V, tn s 50 Hz.
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Thit b iu khin
Thit b dng thc hin cc tc ng ln cc thit b in nhm t nhng mc ch nht nh.
1.4.15
My ct in (sau y gi tt l my ct)
Thit b kt ni c th ng, ct, chu c dng in ph ti khi lm vic bnh thng v dng
in ngn mch.
1.4.16
in cc ni t
B phn dn in c t trc tip trong t hoc trong mi trng dn in c tip xc vi
t.
1.4.17
Thit b ng ct
Thit b dng ng hoc ct mch in.
1.4.18
Bo v chng in git
Cc bin php bo m an ton cho ngi ty theo cng dng in v thi gian dng in
i qua c th ngi. Bo v chng in git bao gm cc loi sau y:
a) Bo v chnh: Bo v chng in git khi thit b khng c h hng cch in;
b) Bo v khi c h hng cch in: Bo v chng in git khi thit b c h hng cch in;
c) Bo v b sung: B sung cho bo v chnh v bo v khi c h hng cch in.
1.4.19
Dch v an ton
Cng tc cp in duy tr s hot ng ca mt s thit b ch yu nhm bo v con ngi
khi c nguy him.
1.4.20
Dao cch ly
Thit b kt ni, khi v tr ct n to mt khong cch ly an ton. Dao cch ly khng ng hoc
ct dng in ph ti nhng chu c dng in ph ti trong thi gian di v chu c dng
in ngn mch trong mt thi gian ngn theo quy nh.
1.4.21
Dao ph ti
Thit b kt ni, c th ng, ct, chu c dng in ph ti. Dao ph ti c th ng vo ngn
mch v chu dng in ngn mch trong mt thi gian ngn theo qui nh, nhng khng ct
c dng in ngn mch.
1.4.22
Dng in d
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in p siu thp tch bit (sau y gi tt l SELV)
ELV c ngun, dy dn v thit b s dng in khng ni vi cc mch in khc v khng ni
vi t.
1.4.33
in p siu thp c bo v (sau y gi tt l PELV)
ELV c ni t bo v.
1.5 Cc ch vit tt
1.5.1 ELV (Extra-Low Voltage) - in p siu thp.
1.5.2 IP (Index Protection) - ch s bo v.
1.5.3 IT - mt loi s ni t (xem Ph lc ).
1.5.4 LPS (Lightning Protection System) - h thng chng st.
1.5.5 N (Neutral) - dy trung tnh.
1.5.6 PE (Protective Earthing) - dy dn bo v.
1.5.7 PELV (Protective Extra-Low Voltage) - in p siu thp c bo v.
1.5.8 RCD (Residual Current Device) - thit b bo v dng in d.
1.5.9 SELV (Separated Extra-Low Voltage) - in p siu thp tch bit.
1.5.10 SPD (Surge Protection Device) - thit b bo v chng qu in p t bin.
1.5.11 TN-S - mt loi s ni t (xem Ph lc ).
1.5.12 TT mt loi s ni t (xem Ph lc ).
2. QUY NH V K THUT
2.1 H thng ng dn in v thit b in
2.1.1 Yu cu chung
Phng php lp t, cc iu kin lin quan n h thng ng dn in, thit b in phi
p ng yu cu m bo an ton cho h thng in v cho ngi s dng, tip cn d dng
kim tra, sa cha, thay th.
2.1.2 Yu cu v phng php lp t h thng ng dn in
2.1.2.1 Phi p dng phng php lp t h thng ng dn in ph hp p ng yu
cu v kh nng ti dng in ca cc dy dn.
2.1.2.2 Khng c s dng cp mt rut c o gip bo v bng si thp hoc bng thp cho
mch in xoay chiu ba pha. Tt c cc dy dn ti in v dy PE ca cng mt mch in ba
pha xoay chiu t trong ng, hp bng vt liu st t phi c a vo cng mt ng, hp.
2.1.2.3 Trng hp nhiu mch in i trong mt ng ng hoc hp, tt c cc dy dn phi
c cch in tng ng vi in p danh nh cao nht.
2.1.2.4 Trng hp nhiu mch in i trong mt si cp, tt c cc dy dn ca si cp phi
c cch in tng ng vi in p danh nh cao nht.
2.1.2.5 Cc dy dn ca mt mch in khng c phn b trn nhiu si cp c nhiu rut
khc nhau v trong ng, hp, mng, thang cp khc nhau; tr trng hp cp nhiu rut to
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c ch to ring cho mc ch ny. Bn knh cong ko dy dn v cp khng c lm hi
n dy dn v cp.
2.1.3.11 Phi thc hin dy dn v cp khong cch thch hp dy dn v cp khng b
h hng do trng lng bn thn hoc do lc ng in ca dng in ngn mch (ch xt lc
ny i vi cp mt rut, tit din ln hn 50 mm2). Phi s dng dy dn hoc cp chu c
lc cng thng xuyn do trng lng bn thn khi i theo chiu thng ng.
2.1.3.12 ng dn in chn c nh trong tng phi i theo phng nm ngang, thng
ng hoc song song vi cnh tng. Cp, ng ng lun dy dn chn ngm di t phi
c bo v chng h hng v c hoc phi chn su v phi nh du.
2.1.3.13 Phi c bin php phng chng ph hp vi nhng ni ng dn in c nguy c b
h hi do thc vt, ng vt.
2.1.3.14 Phi c bin php bo v ng dn in chng tc ng ca bc x mt tri v bc
x cc tm.
2.1.3.15 ng dn in phi c thit k v lp t ph hp vi yu cu chng ng t ca
nh.
2.1.3.16 Phi s dng gi cp v h thng bo v c kh nng cho php dch chuyn tng
i dy dn v cp khng phi chu tc ng c khi kt cu nh c nguy c dch chuyn. Phi
dng ng dn in mm cho cc kt cu mm hoc cc kt cu d kin c dch chuyn.
2.1.4 Yu cu v kh nng ti dng in
2.1.4.1 Dng in ln nht i trong dy dn ca ng dn in ch lm vic bnh thng
trong thi gian di phi ph hp vi quy nh ca nh ch to dy dn.
2.1.4.2 Phi cn c vo gii hn nhit lm vic cho php thp nht ca si trong nhm dy
dn (hoc cp) c gii hn nhit lm vic cho php khc nhau, cng vi h s suy gim theo
nhm thch hp xc nh kh nng ti dng in ca cc dy dn (hoc cp) trong nhm.
2.1.4.3 Phi tnh ton h s suy gim ca cc dy dn trong mch in theo s lng dy dn
ti in. Trng hp mch in ba pha ti dng in cn bng (khi sng hi bc 3 hoc bi s l
ca 3 c mo hi tng khng ln hn 15 % bin ca dng in tn s c bn) th khng
cn phi tnh n dy trung tnh ca mch .
2.1.4.4 Phi c bin php phn b dng in ti gia cc dy dn ph hp vi kh nng ti
ca dy dn khi hai hoc nhiu dy dn ti in c mc song song, tr trng hp cc dy
dn lm t cng mt loi vt liu, c cng tit din v c di xp x nhau v khng c mch
r.
2.1.4.5 Trng hp khng th phn b dng in hoc phi mc song song t 4 dy dn tr ln
th phi xem xt n phng n dng thanh dn.
2.1.4.6 Phi xc nh kh nng ti dng in theo phn ca tuyn dy c iu kin bt li nht
v tn nhit, tr phn dy dn xuyn qua tng mt on nh hn 0,35 m.
2.1.4.7 Phi ni c hai u cc v kim loi v/hoc o gip bo v khng t tnh ca cc si cp
mt rut trong cng mt mch in ca tuyn dy. Trng hp cp c tit din rut ln hn 50
mm2 v v bc ngoi cng khng dn in th v kim loi v/hoc o gip bo v khng t tnh
c th ni vi nhau ti mt im trn ng i, nhng chiu di ca si cp t im ni phi
c gii hn theo iu kin an ton in p gia v hoc o gip bo v n t, cc u
khng ni vi nhau phi cch in.
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chy. Cc loi cp khng c tnh nng chng chy lan ch c s dng ni t ng dn
in c nh ti thit b s dng in v khng c i t khoang cch ly ny sang khoang cch
ly khc. Cc b phn ca ng dn in khng thuc loi chng chy lan khi s dng phi c
v bc chng chy.
2.1.9.2 Phi lp kn khe h c bn trong v bn ngoi ng, hp lun dy, ni ng dn in
xuyn qua, bng vt liu c gii hn chu la ca b phn xy dng b xuyn qua , tr cc
ng, hp lun dy thuc loi khng chy, c tit din bn trong khng ln hn 710 mm2, p
ng ng yu cu th nghim i vi IP33 v cc u ng, hp i vo mt trong cc khoang b
xuyn qua c ngn cch bng kt cu xy dng. Vt liu lp kn phi chu c nh hng
t bn ngoi nh ng dn in v chu c tc ng ca nc, tc ng ca cc sn phm
do chy nh b phn xy dng.
2.1.10 Yu cu i vi ng dn in i lin k vi cc dch v khc
2.1.10.1 Khng c b tr cc mch in c in p thp v ELV trn cng mt ng dn,
tr khi:
a) Mi si cp hoc dy dn trn ng dn in c cch in ng vi in p cao nht;
b) Mi rut dn trong mt si cp nhiu rut c cch in ng vi in p cao nht c trong
si cp;
c) Si cp c cch in ng vi in p ca n v c t trong mt ngn ring trong ng,
hp lun dy;
d) Cc si cp t trn mng c vch ngn ring;
) Dng ng, hp lun dy ring.
2.1.10.2 Khi ng dn in chn ngm giao cho hoc i gn ng dn truyn thng phi
m bo khong cch gia cc loi ng dn ny t nht l 100 mm hoc phi p ng mt
trong cc yu cu sau:
a) Phn cch gia cc ng dn bng gch, b tng chu la hoc dng ng chu la;
b) C bin php bo v v c gia cc ng dn khi giao cho.
2.1.10.3 ng dn in khng c t gn cc ng dn k thut phc v mc ch khc
c th gy hi cho ng dn in, tr khi c bo v thch hp.
2.1.10.4 Khng c t ng dn in trong khoang thang my, tr khi n l mt b phn
ca thang my.
2.1.11 Yu cu v lp t ng dn in lin quan n bo tr v lm sch
2.1.11.1 Vic lp t ng dn in phi ph hp vi yu cu bo tr, lm sch trong sut
vng i ca n.
2.1.11.2 Khi cn tho d mt bin php bo v no bo tr, lm sch th phi lp t tr
li m bo khng lm gim cp bo v ban u.
2.1.11.3 Phi m bo tip cn an ton n cc b phn cn bo tr, lm sch ca ng dn
in.
2.1.12 Yu cu v lp t t in, thit b bo v
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2.1.13.7 Phi lp t ng c in dng chung v cc thit b bo v, iu khin ca chng
ni ch c ngi qun l tip cn c.
2.1.13.8 Phi b tr cc nt bm iu khin thit b in dng chung ti ch vn hnh thun tin
v c nhn ghi phn bit.
2.1.13.9 Trng hp phi lp t ng c in tng p mi th khng c lp t trc tip
trn cc phng , phng lm vic v phi m bo mc n cho php theo cc quy nh hin
hnh.
2.1.14 Yu cu i vi ng dn in v thit b in cho chiu sng nhn to v cc
mc ch s dng khc
2.1.14.1 Tit din ca rut dy dn v cp khng c nh hn tr s quy nh ti mc 2.1.5
2.1.14.2 ng dn in phc v chiu sng bin qung co gn vi nh phi c thit b bo v
ct c ngun cp in khi xy ra s c h hng cch in, ngn mch hoc phi t kn
bn trong kt cu xy dng, hoc cp phi c v bc cch in t tiu chun v phi lun trong
ng nha chu lc v chu nhit, hoc phi c bin php bo v khc.
2.1.14.3 Phi cp in bng cc ng dn in ring t t phn phi in chnh cho h thng
chiu sng cu thang, li i chung, hnh lang v nhng phng khc ngoi phm vi cn h ca
nh .
2.1.14.4 Phi bo v ng dn in nhm chiu sng trong nh bng cu chy hoc my ct
vi dng in danh nh khng ln hn 25 A. i vi ng dn in cp in cho nhm cc
thit b chiu sng cc nh cng cng c cng sut ln cho php bo v bng cu chy hoc
my ct vi dng in danh nh n 63 A.
2.1.14.5 Trng hp cp in bng mt ng dn in nhm chung cho cc ng c in th
s lng ng c khng c qu bn, ng thi cng sut mi ng c khng c qu 3 kW.
2.1.14.6 Thit b chiu sng ca nh phi:
a) C ri ph hp loi cng vic, nhm phng v cng trnh theo quy nh ti Ph lc C;
b) p dng cc bin php hn ch chi la phn x theo quy nh ti Ph lc D.
2.1.14.7 Phi b tr ng dn in ring bit cho thang my v thang cun t t phn phi
in chnh hoc t t in dnh ring cho thang my v thang cun.
2.1.14.8 Phi gn thit b t ng khng ch mc nc vo mch iu khin ng c in ca
my bm nc vo b, thng cha.
2.1.14.9 Cc h thng thng gi, iu ha khng kh, un nc nng bng in tr phi c
cp in trc tip bng cc ng dn in ring t t phn phi in v phi c thit b bo v
ct in t ng.
2.2 H thng ni t v dy dn bo v
2.2.1 Cc yu cu chung
2.2.1.1 H thng ni t gm cc phn t chnh l in cc ni t, thanh ni t chnh (l u
ni hoc thanh gp ni cc thit b in vo h thng ni t) v dy dn ni t (l vt dn
ni thanh ni t chnh vi in cc ni t) c lin kt vi nhau v th hin ti Ph lc E.
2.2.1.2 H thng ni t phi:
a) Tin cy v ph hp vi cc yu cu bo v v vn hnh lu di ca thit b in;
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b) C kh nng chu c dng in s c m khng gy nguy him cho ngi hoc h hng
thit b;
c) Khng b h hng cc b phn kim loi khc nhau do tc ng in phn;
2.2.2 Yu cu i vi in cc ni t
2.2.2.1 in tr ni t ca in cc trong h thng ni t iu kin bt li nht phi p
ng iu kin chng in git quy nh ti mc 2.4.2.3.
2.2.2.2 Khng c s dng ng ng dn cc cht c kh nng gy chy, n lm mt phn
ca in cc ni t.
2.2.2.3 Vt liu lm in cc ni t phi chng c n mn do in phn.
2.2.2.4 Vt liu v kch thc nh nht cho php ca cc phn t lm in cc ni t phi p
ng quy nh ti Ph lc G.
2.2.3 Yu cu i vi thanh ni t chnh
2.2.3.1 Trong h thng ni t s dng lin kt bo v th cc dy dn sau y phi ni vi
thanh ni t chnh:
a) Dy dn ni t;
b) Dy PE;
c) Dy dn lin kt ng th bo v (sau y gi l dy dn lin kt bo v);
d) Dy dn ni t chc nng, nu c.
2.2.3.2 Thanh ni t chnh phi b tr ni d tip cn.
2.2.3.3 Thanh ni t chnh phi c kh nng tch tng dy dn ring r khi mi ni. Mi ni
phi chc chn v ch tch c bng dng c chuyn dng.
2.2.4 Yu cu i vi dy dn ni t
Tit din nh nht cho php ca dy dn ni t khng chn trong t phi ph hp vi tit din
ca dy PE c xc nh ti mc 2.2.5.1e. Trng hp chn trong t th phi tun theo cc tr
s quy nh ti Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Tit din nh nht cho php ca dy dn ni t chn trong t
Dy dn ni t C bo v v c Khng c bo v v c
Khng c bo v 25 mm2 i vi dy ng
chng n mn
50 mm2 i vi dy thp
2.2.5 Yu cu i vi dy PE
2.2.5.1 Dy PE phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
a) Dy PE phi c bo v chng cc h hng v c, ho v in ho, chu c cc lc
ng in v tc ng nhit trong mi iu kin lm vic;
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b) Trn dy PE khng c t thit b ng ct, v khng c b tr cc mi ni, tr cc mi
ni c th tch bng dng c chuyn dng;
c) Khng c dng v kim loi ca thit b lm mt phn ca dy PE cho cc thit b khc;
d) Cc mi ni ca dy PE phi c tip cn d dng kim tra v th nghim, tr cc mi
ni c bc kn hoc lp y bng cht n;
) Khi kim tra thng mch ca h thng ni t khng c mc ni tip cc thit b chuyn
dng (nh b tc ng cm bin, cun dy) vo dy PE;
e) Tit din ca dy PE khng nh hn cc tr s quy nh ti Bng 2.
S 16 S 3S
16 < S 35 16 316
S S
S > 35 3
2 2
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2.3.3.3 Khi lp t RCD cho mch ba pha khng c ph ti ba pha, phi s dng RCD cho tng
pha gim phm vi mt in khi ch c s c cc pha ring bit.
2.3.3.4 Phi s dng RCD c dng lm vic khng qu 30 mA lm bo v b sung cho thit b
in nhng mch in c s dng dng c cm tay.
2.3.4 Thit b bo v theo dng ngn mch
2.3.4.1 Dng in nh mc ca thit b bo v khng c nh hn dng in lm vic lu di
ln nht ca mch in.
2.3.4.2 Thit b bo v phi c kh nng ct c dng ngn mch ln nht.
2.3.5 Ct in khn cp
2.3.5.1 Trng hp cn ct ngun cp in ngn nga nguy him pht sinh ngoi d kin
phi lp t thit b ct khn cp cho b phn c lin quan ca h thng in.
2.3.5.2 Phi trang b cc phng tin ngng khn cp khi cc chuyn ng bng in lm tng
nguy him.
2.3.5.3 Cc thit b ct in khn cp phi ct c dng in ca cc phn thit b c lin
quan, c tnh n dng in ca ng c b hm.
2.3.5.4 Thit b ct in khn cp phi ct in c cho tt c cc dy dn c in.
2.3.5.5 Phi sn mu cc thit b dng ct in khn cp v b tr d dng nhn bit,
d dng tip cn v thao tc ct trc tip bng tay cc mch cp in khi iu kin cho php.
2.3.5.6 Khi thit b ct ra th phi c kha hoc cht li v tr ct v bo m khng c
kh nng t ng in tr li.
2.3.6 H thng in dng cho dch v an ton
2.3.6.1 Phi c h thng in ring duy tr hot ng cc b phn thit yu cho dch v an
ton lm vic mi thi im, mi iu kin.
2.3.6.2 Cc dch v an ton bao gm, nhng khng gii hn bi cc hng mc sau:
a) Chiu sng khn cp, thot him;
b) Bm cha chy;
c) Thang my cu h khi xy ra chy;
d) H thng bo ng (c chy, khi, kh CO, t nhp);
) H thng s tn;
e) H thng ht khi;
g) H thng qut tng p cu thang thot him;
h) Thit b y t thit yu.
2.3.6.3 Trong mch IT phi c thit b kim sot cch in lin tc pht tn hiu bng m
thanh v nh sng khi xut hin s c chm t u tin.
2.3.7 Ngun in dng cho dch v an ton
2.3.7.1 Ngun in dng cho dch v an ton (cqui, pin, t my pht in c lp, l ring c
lp vi l cp in bnh thng) phi c cng sut, tin cy, thi gian hot ng p ng
cn thit, thng s c trng v thi gian chuyn i thch hp theo quy nh.
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2.3.7.2 Ngun in dng cho dch v an ton phi c lp c nh v tr thch hp, c bin
php thng gi v thot kh thi ra ngoi mt cch an ton. S c ngun cp in bnh thng
khng c gy nh hng bt li cho ngun in ny.
2.3.7.3 Ngun in dng cho dch v an ton dng kt hp cho cc mc ch khc th khng
c gy nh hng n nhim v chnh. Phi c bin php khi c s c mch cung cp
in cho mc ch khc khng lm mt in ca dch v an ton.
2.3.7.4 Nu mt ngun dng cho dch v an ton cp in ng thi cho dch v an ton ca
nhiu to nh th s c trong cc dch v an ton ca mt ta nh khng c lm nh hng
n hot ng bnh thng ca ngun .
2.3.8 Yu cu i vi mch in dng cho dch v an ton
2.3.8.1 Mch in ca dch v an ton phi c lp vi cc mch khc.
2.3.8.2 Khi thit b c cp in t hai ngun khc nhau th s c xut hin trong mch ca
ngun ny khng c gy nh hng xu n bo v chng in git hoc hot ng ng
ca ngun kia. Thit b c dy PE th dy PE ny phi c ni vi dy PE ca c hai mch.
2.3.8.3 Trng hp ct qu ti lm mt ngun cp in c th gy ra mi nguy him ln hn th
thit b bo v chng qu ti khng c t ng ct ngun in m phi c bin php theo di
s xut hin ca qu ti khc phc.
2.3.8.4 Bo v chng ngn mch v chng in git trong iu kin bnh thng v trong
trng hp s c phi c m bo phng n u ni bt k vi ngun cp in bnh
thng v ngun dng cho dch v an ton.
2.3.8.5 Thit b bo v chng qu dng phi c chn v lp t sao cho khng qu dng
trong mt mch lm nh hng n hot ng ng ca mch dng cho dch v an ton.
2.3.8.6 T in ca dch v an ton phi c cch ly khi cc thnh phn ca h thng in
bnh thng v phi m bo kh nng chu chy trong thi gian quy nh.
2.3.8.7 Mch in ca dch v an ton khng c i qua cc v tr c ri ro chy, tr khi n
c lm t vt liu khng chy hoc c bo v thch hp. Trong mi trng hp, mch in
khng c i qua khu vc c ri ro n.
2.3.8.8 Phng tin ng ct v iu khin phi c lp thnh nhm, d dng nhn bit c,
t ti khu vc m ch nhng ngi c trch nhim mi c php tip cn.
2.3.8.9 Cp ca mch in dng cho dch v an ton khng phi loi chng chy hoc chng
nhiu phi c cch ly vi cc cp ca mch khc, k c cp ca mch an ton khc bng
khong cch hoc vt chn. Phi s dng cp chu chy ph hp vi quy nh ti mc 2.1.9
lp t sao cho m bo bn nhit v c cn thit.
2.3.8.10 Khng c lp t cc mch in dng cho dch v an ton trong khoang thang my
hoc cc loi ng thng hi, thng khi, tr cc cp dng cho thang my cu h khi xy ra chy
hoc thang my c yu cu c bit.
2.3.8.11 n chiu sng khn cp m bnh thng khng hot ng phi t ng hot ng khi
c s c mch cp in bnh thng trong khu vc t n. Vic chuyn i t ch bnh
thng sang ch khn cp phi c thc hin t ng khi in p ngun bnh thng thp
hn 60% in p danh nh trong thi gian vt qu 0,5 s v t ng tr v ch bnh thng
khi in p ca ngun bnh thng ln hn 85% in p danh nh.
20
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.3.8.12 Ngun in s dng cho chiu sng khn cp phi c kim sot ti t phn phi.
Quy nh ny khng p dng cho pin, cqui t np.
2.3.8.13 Trong h thng chiu sng khn cp, cc loi n phi tng thch vi thi gian
chuyn i duy tr mc chiu sng quy nh.
2.3.8.14 Ti v tr ng ct trung tm phi lp t thit b gim st v iu khin ngun cp in.
2.3.8.15 Gi tr ri nh nht chiu sng khn cp trn b mt li i v cu thang phi t 0,5
lx, cc gian phng, cc khu vc m phi t 0,2 lx.
21
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
50
R (2)
Ia
trong :
- Ia l dng in tc ng ca thit b bo v, tnh bng ampe (A): i vi RCD, l dng in d
tc ng danh nh In; i vi bo v qu dng, l gi tr dng in tc ng ca bo v ti 5 s;
- 50 l gi tr in p an ton (tnh bng vn) c chp nhn trong iu kin bnh thng.
b) Trng hp s dng RCD lm bo v b sung th dng in d tc ng danh nh khng
c vt qu 30 mA.
2.4.2.7 Bo v bng tch bit v in phi p ng cc iu kin sau:
a) Mi ngun cch ly vi t ch c cp cho mt thit b s dng in;
b) Mch in tch bit phi c cp t ngun in cch ly vi t v in p ca mch in
tch bit khng c vt qu 500 V;
c) Khng c ni cc b phn mang in ca mch in tch bit bt k im no vi cc
mch khc hoc vi t hoc dy PE;
d) Cp v dy mm ca mch in phi m bo kh nng kim sot c bng mt trn sut
chiu di c nguy c b h hng v c;
) Phi s dng h thng ng dn in ring cho cc mch in tch bit;
e) Trng hp s dng cc dy dn ca cng mt ng dn in cho mch in tch bit v
cc mch in khc th phi s dng cp nhiu rut khng bc bng kim loi hoc s dng
cc dy dn cch in nm trong ng, h thng ng ng hoc hp cch in p ng cc
iu kin sau:
- Cch in cc dy dn phi p ng in p danh nh cao nht c trong si cp;
- Phi t bo v qu dng cho tng mch in;
g) V kim loi ca thit b trong mch in tch bit khng c ni vi t hoc vi dy PE
cng nh vi v kim loi ca thit b trong mch khc.
h) Trng hp c nhiu hn mt thit b s dng in th ngoi cc yu cu nu cc im
t b n g, cn phi p ng cc quy nh sau:
- Phi thc hin cc bin php phng nga bo v mch in khng b h hng cch in;
22
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
- Cc v bng kim loi ca mch in, k c ca cm, phi c ni lin kt ng th vi
nhau bng dy dn cch in khng ni vi t, khng ni vi dy PE hoc v bng kim loi
ca mch khc;
- Tt c cp mm (tr khi cp in cho thit b c cch in kp hoc cch in tng cng)
phi gm c dy PE s dng lm dy lin kt ng th nh nu ti gch u dng th
hai ca im ny;
- Phi c bo v t ng ct mch in khi c s c hai im trn hai dy ni vi cc cc
u dy khc nhau ca ngun vi thi gian ct ln nht quy nh ti Bng 3.
Bng 3 - Thi gian ct ln nht p dng cho cc mch cui
c dng in danh nh khng qu 32 A
Thi gian tnh bng giy (s)
in p danh 50< U 120 120< U 230 230< U 400 U >400
nh, U
S ni t V
TT 0,3 0,2 0,07 0,04
23
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
24
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
a) Phi hn ch s dng thit b in khu vc ny. Trng hp dy dn bt buc phi i qua
th phi c bc bng vt liu chng chy hoc c bin php phng nga khng gy ra
chy hoc lm lan truyn ngn la. Cc mi ni dy dn nu bt buc phi c th phi t
trong hp chng chy;
b) Phi c bin php ngn nga tch t bi trn v ca dy dn v thit b in;
c) Phi s dng thit b in c kt cu hoc iu kin lp t sao cho mc sinh nhit lc vn
hnh bnh thng hoc khi b s c khng th gy chy;
d) Khng c lp t thit b ng ct, bo v, iu khin v cch ly, tr khi c t trong v
bc c cp bo v t nht l IP4X;
) Cc ng c c iu khin t ng hoc iu khin t xa hoc khng c s gim st vn
hnh lin tc phi c bo v chng tng nhit qu mc bng cc thit b cm bin
nhit ;
e) n in phi c v bc vi cp bo v t nht l IP4X. Bng n v cc phn t ca thit b
chiu sng phi c bo v nhng ch d hng v c. Cc thit b bo v khng c
c nh trn ui n, tr khi ui n c thit k cho mc ch ny;
g) Mch in phi c gim st lin tc bng thit b theo di cch in v c cnh bo khi c
s c cch in;
h) Phi m bo cho cc b phn mang in ca mch in c ELV nm trong v bc c cp
bo v l IP2X hoc IPXXB v chu c in p th nghim c gi tr hiu dng 500 V trong
1 min;
i) Phi thc hin cc bin php bo m cho thit b in khng th gy chy cho tng, sn
v trn ca nh;
k) Phi thc hin cc bin php ngn nga h thng in nh khng th gy chy lan i
vi cc kt cu c hnh dng, kch thc d lan truyn ngn la.
2.5.4 Yu cu v bo v chng bng do in
2.5.4.1 Nhit ca cc b phn chm ti c ca thit b in nm trong tm vi ca ngi
khng c t ti nhit c th gy bng cho ngi v c quy nh nh sau:
a) i vi phng tin cm tay thao tc th nhit b mt chm ti c khng c qu
55 0C nu lm t kim loi, v khng c qu 65 0C nu lm t vt liu phi kim loi;
b) i vi cc b phn ca thit b khng cm tay v c thit k chm vo th nhit b
mt chm ti c khng c qu 70 0C nu lm t kim loi, v khng c qu 80 0C
nu lm t vt liu phi kim loi;
c) i vi cc b phn ca thit b khng cn thit phi chm vo trong lc vn hnh bnh
thng th nhit b mt chm ti c khng c qu 80 0C nu lm t kim loi v
khng c qu 90 0C nu lm t vt liu phi kim loi.
2.5.4.2 Tt c cc b phn ca h thng in nh c kh nng t ti nhit vt qu cc gii
hn nu ti mc 2.5.4.1 u phi c bo v trnh tip xc ngu nhin gy bng cho ngi.
2.5.5 Yu cu v bo v chng qu nhit nhng ni to nhit
2.5.5.1 Cc h thng sy nng khng kh cng bc phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
25
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
a) Cc phn t gia nhit khng thuc b tch nhit trung tm khng c php hot ng nu
cha c lung khng kh quy nh i qua v phi ct ra khi lung khng kh khng theo
quy nh;
b) C hai thit b khng ch nhit hot ng c lp nhau ngn nga nhit vt qu
gii hn cho php trong cc ng ng dn khng kh nng.
2.5.5.2 Khung, v ca cc phn t gia nhit phi lm bng vt liu khng chy.
2.5.5.3 Cc thit b to nc nng hoc hi nng u phi c thit b, phng tin bo v chng
qu nhit trong mi iu kin lm vic. Trng hp khng p ng yu cu ny th phi thc
hin bo v chng qu nhit bng mt c cu khng t tr v, hot ng c lp vi b iu
chnh nhit .
2.5.5.4 Thit b to nc nng hoc hi nng c hn ch u ra phi c thm c cu khng ch
p sut nc bn trong.
26
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
+ Mch in c bit c bo v bi RCD, m dng in d nh mc khng vt qu
0,2 ln kh nng ti dng in ca dy trung tnh v RCD ct c ton b cc cc dy
ti in, bao gm c dy trung tnh ca mch in tng ng.
2.6.3 Yu cu v bo v chng qu ti
2.6.3.1 Trong h thng in nh phi s dng thit b bo v chng qu ti p ng ng thi
hai iu kin sau y:
IB In Iz (3)
v I2 1,45 x Iz (4)
trong :
IB l dng in tnh ton thit k mch in, tnh bng ampe (A);
In l dng in danh nh ca thit b bo v, tnh bng ampe (A). i vi thit b bo v c th
chnh c th dng in danh nh In l dng in chnh nh;
IZ l dng in ti lin tc lu di cho php ca dy dn, tnh bng ampe (A);
I2 l dng in tc ng c hiu qu trong thi gian quy c ca thit b bo v, tnh bng
ampe (A). Dng I2 c quy nh ti tiu chun sn phm hoc do nh ch to cung cp.
2.6.3.2 V tr lp t thit b bo v chng qu ti:
a) Thit b bo v chng qu ti phi c lp t ch c s thay i (tit din dy dn,
phng php lp t, kt cu) lm cho kh nng ti dng in cho php ca dy dn b gim
i, tr cc trng hp quy nh ti im b ca mc 2.6.3.2 v ti mc 2.6.4.
b) Thit b bo v chng qu ti c th c lp t trn phn dy dn gia im c s thay
i vi v tr lp t thit b bo v, nu trong phn dy dn ny khng c mch r, khng b
tr cm v p ng mt trong hai iu kin sau y:
- Phn dy dn ny c bo v chng ngn mch ph hp vi quy nh ti mc 2.6.5;
- Phn dy dn ny c chiu di khng qu 3 m, c ri ro ngn mch t nht, gim ri ro chy
v nguy him cho ngi mc thp nht.
2.6.4 Yu cu v bo v chng qu ti i vi cc dy dn song song
2.6.4.1 Nu ch c mt thit b bo v cho nhiu dy dn song song th khng c c cc
mch r, thit b cch ly hoc ng ct trn cc dy dn song song .
2.6.4.2 Trng hp ch c mt thit b bo v nhiu dy dn song song c dng in trong cc
dy dn c coi l phn b u (nu chnh lch gia cc dng in trong cc dy dn bt k
vi dng in thit k cho mi dy dn khng ln hn 10 %), th gi tr Iz nu ti mc 2.6.3.1 l
tng kh nng ti dng in ca cc dy dn.
2.6.4.3 Trng hp phi s dng nhiu dy dn trong mt pha v dng in trong cc dy dn
khng u nhau th dng in thit k v yu cu bo v qu ti cho mi dy phi c tnh
ton c th v xem xt ring.
2.6.5 Yu cu v bo v chng ngn mch
2.6.5.1 Dng in ngn mch d kin tng im lin quan ca h thng in nh phi xc
nh qua tnh ton hoc qua o lng.
2.6.5.2 V tr lp t thit b bo v chng ngn mch
27
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
28
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
i vi thi gian ngn mch ko di n 5 s, thi gian t nhit ca cc dy dn tng t
nhit cho php cao nht trong ch bnh thng n nhit gii hn c th c xc
nh gn ng theo cng thc
2
kxS
t (5)
I
trong :
t l thi gian ngn mch, tnh bng giy (s);
k l h s tnh n in tr sut, h s nhit , nhit dung ca vt liu dy dn, nhit
ban u v cui cng tng ng. i vi cch in thng dng ca dy dn, gi tr ca h
s k quy nh ti Ph lc H;
S l tit din ca dy dn, tnh bng milimt vung (mm2);
I l dng in ngn mch hiu dng, tnh bng ampe (A).
d) i vi h thng thanh ci dng in chu ngn mch danh nh khng c nh hn dng
in ngn mch tnh ton.
2.6.6 Yu cu v phi hp bo v chng qu ti v chng ngn mch
2.6.6.1 Bo v bng cng mt thit b (chng qu ti ng thi chng ngn mch) phi p ng
ng thi cc quy nh nu ti cc mc 2.6.3 v 2.6.5.
2.6.6.2 Bo v bng cc thit b ring bit
a) Thit b bo v chng qu ti phi p ng cc quy nh nu ti mc 2.6.3. Thit b bo v
chng ngn mch phi p ng cc quy nh nu ti mc 2.6.5.
b) Phi phi hp cc c tnh ca thit b sao cho nng lng m thit b bo v chng ngn
mch cho qua khng vt qu nng lng m thit b chng qu ti chu c.
2.6.7 Hn ch qu dng bng cc c tnh ca ngun cp in
Cc dy dn c coi l c bo v chng qu ti v chng ngn mch khi chng c
cp in t ngun in khng c kh nng to ra mt dng in vt qu kh nng ti ca dy
dn nh my bin p cch ly, my bin p ca chung in, my bin p hn, mt s loi my
pht in (chy xng, du diesel).
29
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
30
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
g) Khi chuyn i ngun mt pha, phi dng thit b ng ct ng thi dy pha v dy trung
tnh.
2.7.4.2 Phi s dng ni t v lin kt ng th chng nhiu in t cho mch in c s
lng ln thit b thng tin, ng dng quan trng.
2.8 Bo v chng st
2.8.1 Cc yu cu chung
2.8.1.1 LPS (gm LPS bn trong v LPS bn ngoi) phi p ng yu cu bo v chng st
nh trc tip vo nh.
2.8.1.2 Phi cn c vo v tr c kh nng b st nh v mc thit hi do st nh quyt
nh s cn thit chng st cho nh.
2.8.1.3 Phi tn dng cc kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh cho LPS gim chi ph, nhng khng
c lm nh hng n cht lng v m quan ca cng trnh.
2.8.1.4 Ton b to nh phi c bo v bng mt LPS kt ni hon chnh vi nhau, khng c
b phn no ca cng trnh c tch ra bo v ring.
2.8.2 LPS bn ngoi
2.8.2.1 Vng bo v c xc nh theo phng php qu cu ln. Trng hp chiu cao nh
thp hn 20m, th xc nh theo phng php gc bo v.
2.8.2.2 LPS bn ngoi gm cc b phn: thu st, dy dn xung t v mng ni t chng st
(gm cc in cc ngang hoc ng c lin kt vi nhau).
2.8.2.3 Phi s dng LPS cch ly v nhit vi nh khi c kh nng xy ra pht nhit v chy n
ti ni thu v dn st.
2.8.2.4 Phi b tr b phn thu st (l cc kim thu st hoc li thu st hoc kt hp c hai) p
ng cc yu cu sau y:
a) t ti cc v tr trn cng trnh khng nm trong vng bo v c xc nh theo cc
phng php quy nh ti mc 2.8.2.1;
b) Trng hp mi nh lm bng vt liu d chy th phi t cch mi t nht l 0,1 m, i vi
mi r l 0,15 m.
2.8.2.5 Dy dn xung t phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
a) S dy dn xung t khng t hn 02 dy v b tr cch u nhau theo chu vi (ph hp vi
hnh dng kin trc) ca nh;
b) Khong cch ln nht gia cc dy dn xung t thc hin theo quy nh ti Bng 4;
Cp ca LPS(a) I II III IV
Khong cch ln nht gia
cc dy dn xung t 10 10 15 20
m
(a)
Cp ca LPS c xc nh theo mc bo v quy nh ti mc 8.2 ca TCVN 9888-1:2013
31
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
32
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Trong qu trnh lp dng kt cu, tt c cc mng thp ln v nh ln phi c ni t mt
cch c hiu qu. T khi bt u tin hnh lp t LPS phi duy tr vic ni t lin tc.
33
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.10.2.2 Vic phn loi thnh ba vng 0, 1 v 2 theo mc nguy him v in quy nh ti cc
Hnh N.1 v N.2 ca Ph lc N.
2.10.2.3 Khi s dng ELV c cp t ngun SELV hoc PELV, phi bo v chng tip xc
trc tip vi tt c cc thit b in bng tm chn hay v ngoi c cp bo v thp nht l
IPXXB hoc IP2X; bc cch in chu c in p th nghim c gi tr hiu dng 500 V xoay
chiu trong 1 min. Khng cho php bo v chng tip xc trc tip bng chng ngi vt hoc
t ngoi gii hn th tch trong tm vi.
2.10.2.4 Phi thc hin cc bin php bo v b sung bng lin kt ng th ph, s dng RCD
vi dng tc ng danh nh khng ln hn 30 mA cho tt c cc mch in, tr trng hp
mch in c cch ly v in ch cp in cho mt thit b duy nht v s dng ngun SELV
hoc PELV.
2.10.2.5 Cp bo v ca thit b in (theo Ph lc B) lp t trong vng 0 phi l IPX7; trong
cc vng 1 v 2 l IPX4. Trng hp trong cc vng 1 v 2 m tia nc c th phun vo th phi
l IPX5.
2.10.2.6 ng dn in cp cho cc thit b t trong cc vng 0, 1, 2 phi thc hin nh sau:
a) Chn ngm trong tng su t nht l 5 cm;
b) i ngang hoc thng ng ngoi tng, sau xuyn qua tng pha sau thit b.
2.10.2.7 Thit b ng ct v iu khin khng c t trong vng 0.
2.10.2.8 Trong vng 1 ph kin, k c cm ca mch in c cp t ngun SELV hoc
ngun PELV phi c in p danh nh khng ln hn 25 V. Ngun cp phi t ngoi cc vng
0 v 1.
2.10.2.9 Trong vng 2 ph kin, k c cm ca mch in phi c cp t ngun SELV hoc
ngun PELV. Ngun cp phi t ngoi cc vng 0 v 1.
2.10.2.10 Thit b s dng in trong vng 0 phi p ng ng thi cc iu kin sau:
a) Theo hng dn ca nh ch to;
b) u ni c nh v lu di;
c) S dng ELV t ngun SELV.
2.10.2.11 Thit b s dng in trong vng 1 phi p ng ng thi cc iu kin sau:
a) Theo hng dn ca nh ch to;
b) u ni c nh v lu di.
2.10.3 Yu cu i vi b bi v i phun nc
2.10.3.1 H thng in nh ti ni c b bi, i phun nc v cc khu vc ln cn phi c
thit k, lp t ph hp vi cc yu cu v an ton in.
2.10.3.2 Vic phn loi thnh ba vng 0, 1 v 2 theo mc nguy him v in quy nh ti cc
Hnh N.3, N.4 v N.5 ca Ph lc N. Phng t thit b ca b bi c coi l ngoi vng 1 v 2.
2.10.3.3 Khng c p dng bin php s dng vt cn, t ngoi gii hn th tch trong tm
vi bo v chng in git do tip xc trc tip. Khng c dng bin php bo v bng
sn, tng khng dn in, mch vng ng th khng ni t, mch in tch bit cp in
cho nhiu thit b s dng in.
34
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.10.3.4 Phi ni tt c cc phn t dn in bn ngoi vo dy PE ca cc v kim loi ca thit
b in t trong cc vng 0, 1, 2 (vng ng th b sung ti ch). Trong cc vng 0 v 1 ca cc
b bi phi s dng ELV khng ln hn 12 V t ngun SELV t ngoi cc vng 0 v 1. Cc
trng hp khc phi s dng in p siu thp, ngun t ngoi cc vng 0 v 1 v ch cp
cho mt thit b duy nht, hoc t ng ct in bng RCD dng in tc ng khng ln hn 30
mA, hoc bng mch in tch bit trong cc vng 0 v 1 ca cc i phun nc v vng 2 ca
cc b bi.
2.10.3.5 Khng c dng ngun PELV cho bo v bng ELV. Khi s dng ngun SELV, phi
bo v chng tip xc trc tip vi tt c cc thit b in bng tm chn hay v ngoi c cp
bo v thp nht l IP2X hoc IPXXB; bc cch in chu c in p th nghim c gi tr
hiu dng l 500 V xoay chiu trong 1 min.
2.10.3.6 Phi ni dy bo v mch vng ng th ca tt c cc phn t dn in bn ngoi h
thng in nh c kh nng a in th t ngoi vo cc vng 0, 1, 2 vi dy PE ca v kim
loi ca thit b t trong cc vng .
2.10.3.7 Phi s dng thit b in c cp bo v tng ng vi m IP (IP code) nh quy nh
ti Bng 5.
Bng 5 M IP thp nht cho php ca thit b in
Vng Ngoi tri c phun Ngoi tri khng Trong nh, c Trong nh,
nc khi lm v sinh phun nc phun nc khi khng phun
lm v sinh nc
2.10.3.8 ng dn in
a) Trong cc vng 0, 1 v 2, cc ng dn in khng c c v bc bng kim loi c kh
nng tip xc vo; cc v bc bng kim loi khng c kh nng tip xc vo phi ni vi
vng ng th ph.
b) Trong cc vng 0 v 1 khng c t cc ng dn in cp in cho cc thit b bn
ngoi cc vng .
c) Phi chn ngm su t nht l 5 cm, hoc bo v bng mt RCD, dng in tc ng
khng ln hn 30 mA, hoc dng ngun SELV, hoc dng mch in tch bit i vi cc
mch in t trong vng 2 hoc trn tng, trn, sn gii hn cc vng cp in cho cc
thit b t ngoi cc vng .
d) Phi dng cc loi cp c nh ch to xc nhn c th thng xuyn tip xc vi nc
lp t cho cc i phun nc.
) Trong cc i phun nc khng c d kin cho ngi i vo, cc cp hoc dy dn trong
cc ng phi kim loi cp in cho cc thit b t vng 0 phi t trn b b nc, cch
b nc khong xa nht c th v i n thit b bng con ng ngn nht; cp v dy dn
lun trong ng phi kim loi t trong cc vng 0 v 1 phi c bo v c thch hp.
35
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
36
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
+ Cc thit b in t trong phng bm phi c cp bo v thp nht l IPX5 hay c v bo v
cp ny;
+ Phi b tr vng ng th b sung;
+ Thit b in phi c bo v bng RCD, dng in tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA;
d) B n tip xc vi nc, chiu sng di nc ca b bi phi ph hp vi tiu chun t
di nc. B n t trong hc kn nc thnh b c cp in v thao tc t pha
sau, phi lp t sao cho khng to mch dn in d v tnh hay hu gia v ca n vi
cc b phn dn in ca hc t n.
2.10.3.11 Cc thit b in cc vng 0 v 1 ca i phun nc phi c thit k v lp t
khng th chm vo c.
2.10.3.12 Yu cu c bit i vi vic lp t thit b in h p trong vng 1 ca b bi
a) Cc thit b c nh chuyn dng cho b bi, c cp in bng in h p phi p ng
ng thi cc iu kin sau:
- C v bc tng ng vi mt cch in b sung v c bo v chng va p;
- Quy nh ti mc 2.10.3.11;
- Khi m ca ni t thit b phi t ng ct mch ca mi dy dn cp in cho cc thit b
t bn trong; cp v cc phng tin ct mch in phi c cch in cp 2 hoc tng
ng.
b) Cc n chiu sng c cp in t ngun khc vi SELV 12 V lp t trn tng hoc
trn trong vng 1 ca cc b bi khng c vng 2 phi c mch in c bo v bng cch
t ng ct ngun in v c bo v b sung bng RCD, dng in tc ng khng ln hn
30 mA v cao ca b phn thp nht ca n phi cch gii hn di ca vng 1 t nht l
2 m.
2.10.3.13 Si sn v trn:
Cc phn t si in chn ngm di sn phi c bo v bng mt trong hai bin php sau
y:
a) SELV c ngun cp in t ngoi cc vng 0 v 1. Nu t trong vng 2 th phi thc hin
theo quy nh ti mc 2.10.3.10;
b) T ng ct ngun cp in. Phn t si phi c ph bi mt li hoc tm kim loi
chn ngm v ni vi vng ng th ph; mch cp in phi c bo v b sung bng RCD,
dng in tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA.
2.10.4 Yu cu i vi phng hoc cabin c cha phn t gia nhit sinh hi
2.10.4.1 Phi c bin php bo m an ton i vi h thng in nh cp in cho cc cabin
sinh hi lp t ti ch v cc phng c t phn t gia nhit sinh hi hoc cc my un nng
sinh hi (sau y gi chung l phng sinh hi).
2.10.4.2 Khng p dng cc yu cu ca mc 2.10.4 cho cc cabin sinh hi ch to sn. Khu
vc c lp t bn tm hoc vi hoa sen nc lnh th thc hin theo quy nh ti mc 2.10.2.
2.10.4.3 Vic phn loi thnh ba vng 1, 2 v 3 theo mc nguy him v in quy nh ti
Hnh N.6 ca Ph lc N.
2.10.4.4 Bin php m bo an ton
37
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a) Khi s dng ngun SELV v ngun PELV bo v th vic bo v chng tip xc trc tip
cho mi thit b in phi thc hin bng mt trong hai bin php sau y:
- S dng ro chn hoc v bc c cp bo v thp nht l IPXXB hoc IP2X;
- S dng loi c cch in chu c in p th nghim hiu dng 500 V xoay chiu trong
1 min;
b) Khng c p dng bin php bo v chng tip xc trc tip bng vt cn, bng cch t
ngoi phm vi gii hn th tch trong tm vi;
c) Phi c bo v b sung cho tt c cc mch in ca phng sinh hi, tr phn t gia nhit
sinh hi hoc my un nng sinh hi, bng cch s dng mt hoc nhiu RCD, dng in
tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA;
d) Khng c s dng cc bin php bo v chng tip xc gin tip bng sn, tng khng
dn in v bng vng ng th khng ni t.
2.10.4.5 Cc thit b in phi c cp bo v thp nht l IP24. Nu d kin vic lm v sinh
bng tia nc phun th cc thit b in phi c cp bo v thp nht l IPX5.
2.10.4.6 Trong vng 1 khng c t cc thit b in, tr phn t gia nhit sinh hi hoc my
un nng sinh hi. Trong vng 3 thit b lp t phi chu c nhit t nht l 125 0C v lp
cch in ca dy dn phi chu c nhit t nht l 170 0C.
2.10.4.7 Trng hp bt buc phi t trong cc vng 1 v 3 th ng dn in phi chu
c nhit quy nh ti mc 2.10.4.6; cc ng kim loi v v kim loi ca cp phi c thit
k v lp t khng th chm vo khi lm vic bnh thng.
2.10.4.8 Cc thit b ng ct v iu khin phi lp t ngoi phng sinh hi hoc cabin sinh
hi, tr trng hp cc thit b ng ct v iu khin ny l mt b phn ca phn t gia nhit
sinh hi hoc my un nng sinh hi hoc ca cc thit b khc lp c nh trong vng 2 theo
hng dn ca nh ch to.
2.10.4.9 Khng c b tr cm in bn trong phng sinh hi.
2.10.5 Yu cu i vi khu vc y t
2.10.5.1 H thng in nh ti cc khu vc y t (l ni tip nhn, thm khm, cha tr, x l
thm m, theo di v chm sc bnh nhn) v cc bnh vin th y phi p ng cc yu cu v
an ton in. Quy nh ny khng p dng cho cc thit b in y t.
2.10.5.2 Phi thc hin cc bin php bo m an ton in cho ba nhm ca khu vc y t
gm:
a) Nhm 0 l khu vc y t khng s dng b phn p st (l b phn ca thit b in y t khi
lm vic bnh thng nht thit phi tip xc vt l vi bnh nhn, hoc c th a vo tip
xc vi bnh nhn, hoc bnh nhn cn chm vo).
b) Nhm 1 l khu vc y t c s dng cc b phn p st bn ngoi c th bnh nhn hoc
a su vo bt k b phn no ca c th bnh nhn;
c) Nhm 2 l khu vc y t c s dng b phn p st cho nhng cng vic m nu mt in s
gy ra nguy him n tnh mng ca bnh nhn.
2.10.5.3 H thng in nh ti khu vc y t phi p ng yu cu chuyn i cc ph ti u tin
t ngun in bnh thng sang ngun in d phng.
38
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2.10.5.4 Bin php m bo an ton
a) Bin php bo v bng bc cch in hoc ro chn l bin php ch yu.
b) Trng hp s dng SELV v PELV trong cc khu vc cc nhm 1 v 2 th in p danh
nh ca cc thit b in khng c vt qu 25 V. Trong cc khu vc nhm 2, cc v kim
loi ca thit b phi ni vo vng ng th.
c) Bin php bo v bng vt cn v bng cch t ngoi gii hn th tch trong tm vi khng
c p dng.
d) Gii hn in p an ton c chp nhn khng ln hn 25 V.
) Mch in cui cng ca s TN-S trong khu vc thuc nhm 1 vi dng in n 32 A
phi c RCD vi dng in tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA. Trong cc khu vc thuc nhm
2, khng c dng RCD vi dng in tc ng khng qu 30 mA tr cc mch in cp
cho bn m; cc thit b X quang di ng c a vo khu vc thuc nhm 2; cc thit b
c cng sut danh nh ln hn 5 kVA; cc thit b khng quan trng (khng lin quan n
duy tr s sng ca con ngi).
Trong cc khu vc thuc cc nhm 1 v 2 khng c dng cc RCD ngoi loi A v B;
e) i vi s TT: Trong cc khu vc thuc cc nhm 1 v 2 phi thc hin mi quy nh nu
ti im v trong tt c cc trng hp u phi dng RCD;
g) i vi s IT: Phi dng s IT cho cc mch cp in cho cc thit b in y t c tnh
cht quyt nh n sinh mng ca bnh nhn, cc thit b phu thut v thit b trong khng
gian xung quanh bnh nhn (l khng gian m bnh nhn c th chm trc tip hoc qua
ngi khc chm vo cc b phn ca thit b in y t) trong cc khu vc thuc nhm 2
(ngoi nhng thit b thuc nhm 2 nu ti im ).
Mi nhm phng c cng mt chc nng phi dng mt s IT ring bit. Trong s IT
phi c thit b gim st cch in p ng cc yu cu sau:
- Tng tr xoay chiu ca thit b gim st khng c nh hn 100 k;
- in p o ca thit b gim st khng c ln hn 25 V mt chiu;
- Dng in o, ngay c khi c s c cng khng c ln hn 1 mA;
- Khi in tr cch in ca mch in c gim st gim xung cn 50 k th thit b gim
st phi cnh bo; phi c thit b xc nh v tr h hng cch in.
Mi s IT dng trong khu vc y t phi c tn hiu cnh bo bng m thanh v nh sng
t ti ch nhn vin ca n v y t c th gim st c; phi c b phn kim sot qu ti
v nhit my bin p chuyn dng cho y t trong s IT;
h) Trong mi khu vc y t thuc cc nhm 1 v 2 phi c vng ng th ph trong khng gian
xung quanh bnh nhn.
2.10.5.5 Cc yu cu i vi thit b in trong cc khu vc y t thc hin theo mc 710.5 ca
TCVN 7447-7-710:2006.
2.10.5.6 Vic kim tra khi a vo s dng v kim tra nh k thc hin theo mc 710.6 ca
TCVN 7447-7-710:2006.
2.10.6 Yu cu i vi trang b in cho chiu sng bng ELV
2.10.6.1 Bo v chng in git v bo v chng qu dng:
39
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g) Ngun SELV v thit b bo v ca n phi c lp t m bo:
- Trnh tc ng c trong u ni in;
- c chng hoc an ton;
- Khng b qu nhit do cch nhit.
41
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3.3.5 Phi tin hnh th nghim bin php bo v bng ELV v mch in tch bit bng cch
o in tr cch in gia mch in c ELV hoc mch in tch bit c u cc thit b
dng in vi cc mch in khc v vi t; Kt qu o khng c thp hn tr s quy nh ti
Bng 6.
3.3.6 Phi s dng thit b ph hp o in tr cch in ca sn v tng cch in; Kt
qu o phi ln hn 50 k.
3.3.7 Phi tin hnh th tc ng ca RCD nhy cao dng lm phng tin trong bin php
bo v b sung.
3.3.8 Phi thc hin kim tra cc iu kin ca bin php bo v bng cch t ng ct ngun
cp in chng tip xc trc tip nh sau:
a) i vi s TN-S: Phi o tng tr ca mch s c Zs; Kt qu o phi p ng iu kin
Zs x Ia Uo (6)
trong :
Zs l tng tr ca mch s c, bao gm ngun cp in, dy ti in, dy PE t ngun cp
in n im s c, tnh bng m ();
42
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ia l dng in thit b bo v tc ng ct in trong phm vi thi gian quy nh, tnh
bng ampe (A);
Uo l in p gia dy pha vi t, tnh bng vn (V).
b) i vi s TT: Phi o in tr ni t ca h thng in nh; Kt qu o phi p ng
iu kin quy nh ti mc 2.4.2.3.
c) i vi s IT:
- Phi tnh hoc o dng in khi c s c th nht;
- Phi o dng in s c nu khng tnh c dng in ny do khng bit ht cc thng s
ca mch in;
- Phi kim tra iu kin ca s c v th nghim ging nh i vi s ni t TN-S (ngn
mch hai pha) khi c s c im th hai.
3.3.9 Phi tin hnh th nghim th t pha cho h thng in nh.
3.3.10 Phi kim tra s hot ng ng vi chc nng ca cc t hp thit b.
43
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc A
(Quy nh)
Gii hn
th tch
trong
tm vi
44
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc B
(Quy nh)
Cp bo v ca thit b in
45
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46
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Ph lc C
(Quy nh)
Kch thc vt Cp Phn Tnh cht thi gian ca ri nh nht cho php khi
cn phn bit cng cp cng vic chiu sng bng n hunh
mm vic quang, n compc
lx
T 0,15 n 0,30 I a Thng xuyn 400
b Chu k tng t 300
c Khng lu 150
T 0,30 n 0,50 II a Thng xuyn 300
b Chu k tng t 200
c Khng lu 100
Trn 0,5 III a Thng xuyn 150
b Chu k tng t 100
c Khng lu 75
CH THCH:
Khi c yu cu v v sinh hoc chuyn ngnh (nh phng n, bp, gian bn hng ca ca hng, phng m, gian
khn gi, phng my, v.v...), c php tng tr s ri ln mt bc theo thang ri sau:
Bc thang I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV
ri 150 200 300 400 500 600 750 1000 1250 1500 2000 2500 3000
lx
Bng C.2 - ri nh nht cho php trn b mt lm vic khi s dng h thng
chiu sng nhn to chung trong nh v nh cng cng
Mt phng ri
Cp quy nh nh nht
Tn cng trnh, gian, Nhm cho php
cng ri - cao Ghi ch
phng phng
vic cch mt sn lx
m
1. C quan hnh chnh s
nghip, vin thit k, vin
nghin cu
1.1 Phng lm vic, vn 1 II Ngang - 0,8 150 - KL*
phng, phng thit k, 300- TCK*
phng th nghim 400-TX*
1.2 Phng v k thut 1 Ia Ngang - 0,8 750 Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch
1.3 Phng my tnh 1 IIa Ngang - 0,8 500
1.4 Phng nghip v ca 1 IIb Ngang - 0,8 500
ngn hng, bu in
1.5 Kho lu tr h s 1
47
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Bng C.2 (tip theo)
Mt phng ri
Cp quy nh nh nht
Tn cng trnh, gian, Nhm cho php
cng ri - cao Ghi ch
phng phng lx
vic cch mt sn
m
2.4 Xng dy ngh 1 IIIa Ngang - 0,8 500
2.5 Xng mc 1 IIIa Ngang - 0,8 400
2.6 Phng n cng
a) Hc thu may IIb Ngang - 0,8 400 -
b) Hc nu n IIIb Ngang - 0,8 200 -
2.7 Gian th dc th thao 2 - Sn ng - 2,0 300 Bo m ri c hai
bn b mt ng qua
trc dc ca phng
2.8 Vn phng, phng lm 1 IIc Ngang - 0,8 300 Cn c cm b
vic ca gio vin, hiu sung chiu sng ti ch
trng
2.9 Phng chi, gii lao 3 IIIc Sn 300 -
2.10 Hi trng, phng 3 - Sn 200 -
khnh tit, ging ng c
chiu phim
2.11 Sn khu ca hi - - ng - 1,5 150 -
trng
2.12 Kho dng c, c, IIIc Sn 100 -
trang thit b -
3 Th vin
3.1 Phng c 1 IIb Ngang - 0,8 500
3.2 Phng danh mc sch; 1 Ic ng-trn mt 200
gi sch danh mc Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch
3.3 Phng cp th c gi; 1 Ic Ngang - 0,8 500
quy thu ngn, nhn sch
3.4 Phng trng by, gii 1 IIc Ngang - 0,8 200
thiu sch mi xut bn
3.5 Kho sch 1 IIIc ng-1,0 trn 100 S dng n chng chy
gi
3.6 Phng ng ba, ng 1 IIIb Ngang - 0,8 150 -
sch
4 Hi trng, nh ht, rp
chiu bng, cu lc b,
nh trin lm
4.1 Hi trng
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50
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Bng C.2 (tip theo)
Mt phng ri
Cp quy nh nh nht
Tn cng trnh, gian, Nhm cho php
cng ri - cao Ghi ch
phng phng
vic cch mt sn lx
m
51
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Mt phng ri
Cp quy nh nh nht
Tn cng trnh, gian, Nhm cho php
cng ri - cao Ghi ch
phng phng
vic cch mt sn lx
m
52
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53
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54
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Bng C.3 - ri nh nht cho php ti cc din tch dng chung trong nh cng cng
1 Snh vo v phng gi o 3
khoc ngoi:
a) Cc trng i hc, trng Sn 100
ph thng, k tc x, khch sn
nh ht, cu lc b
b) Cc cng trnh cng cng khc Sn 100
2 Cu thang 3
a) Cc cu thang chnh Sn 150
3 Snh i thang my 3 Sn 50
4 Phng thng trc 3 Ngang - 0,8 75
5 Hnh lang li i, cu ni: 2
a) Cc hnh lang v li i chnh Sn 100
55
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc D
(Quy nh)
56
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Bng D.1 (kt thc)
c im Nhng bin php cn thit hn ch chi la phn x
cng vic
Ngun n chi ca V tr t Mc nhn
sng b mt pht n chiu thy s
chiu sng sng ca n sng ti ch tng
b mt lm chiu sng so vi mt quan gia
vic ti ch lm vic v chi ca
cd/m2.103 ngi lm vic vt vi sn
Cng vic i Bt k ngun Bt k n Khng quy B mt pht Bt c tr s
hi phi phn sng no no nh sng ca n no
bit vt c tnh phn x gng
phn x, tn x t lp vt liu
trn nn tn x c th nhn qua
nh sng, c, khng
di mt lp c trung vi
vt liu c th hng nhn
nhn qua c ca ngi lm
(v d nh c vic (Hnh D.1-
ch s ca cc c)
dng c o, lp
rp cc sn
phm trong
ci chp bng
vt liu trong
sut, lm vic
vi cc sn
phm c ph
lp vc ni hoc
sn bng,
phn bit cc
nt v trn
bn v k thut,
di lp giy
can, v.v...)
Cng vic lm Bt k ngun Bt k n Khng quy B mt pht Bt c tr s
vi nhng vt sng no no nh sng ca n no
cn phn bit phn x gng
v mt lm t mt lm vic
vic c c khng c
tnh phn x trng vi
hn hp (v d hng nhn
nh v, vit ca ngi lm
bng mc can, vic (Hnh D.1-
c vn bn c)
trn giy c
mt lng
bng,v.v)
CH THCH: chiu sng ti ch cn s dng cc bng n hoc n phn x gng.
57
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3 3
1 1
2 2
4 4
3 CH DN:
1 - Mt ngi lm vic;
1 2 - Hng nhn ca mt;
3 - B mt pht sng ca n;
2 4 - B mt lm vic;
5 - B mt lm vic c c tnh tn x nh sng;
6 - Lp vt liu c th nhn qua c.
4 6
c B mt c kh nng tn x
nh sng di lp vt liu c th nhn
qua c hoc b mt tn x
58
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc
(Quy nh)
Cc loi s ni t
.1 nh ngha v k hiu s ni t
.1.1 nh ngha s ni t
S ni t l s lin h vi t ca hai phn t sau y:
- im trung tnh ca ngun cung cp in;
- Cc v kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in.
.1.2 K hiu cc loi s ni t
Gm 2 hoc 3 ch ci:
- Ch th nht: th hin s lin h vi t ca im trung tnh ca ngun cp in bng mt
trong hai ch ci sau y:
T (Terre-ting Php) - im trung tnh trc tip ni t;
I (Isol-ting Php) - im trung tnh cch ly vi t hoc ni t qua mt tr khng ln
(hng ngn m).
- Ch th hai: th hin s lin h vi t ca cc v kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in
bng mt trong hai ch sau y:
T - v kim loi ni t trc tip;
N - v kim loi ni vi im trung tnh N ca ngun cp in (im ny c ni t trc
tip).
- Ch th ba:
S (Spar-ting Php) dy trung tnh v dy PE tch ring nhau.
Quy chun ny quy nh ba loi s ni t sau: IT; TT; TN-S.
.2 S IT
- im trung tnh ca ngun cp in: cch ly i vi t hoc ni t qua mt tr khng ln
(hng ngn m);
- V kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in: ni t trc tip.
59
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
b - C dy trung tnh
Hnh .1 - S IT
GHI CH:
1) Trn Hnh .1 khng th hin tr khng (c th c) ni im trung tnh ca ngun cp in
vi t;
2) Trong s IT khng ko dy trung tnh, tr trng hp thit b s dng in dng in p
pha, lc cch in chnh ca mi pha phi chu c in p dy.
.3 S TT
- im trung tnh ca ngun cp in: ni t trc tip;
- V kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in: ni t trc tip.
60
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Hnh .2 - S TT
.4 S TN-S
- im trung tnh ca ngun cp in: ni t trc tip;
- V kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in: ni vi im trung tnh ca ngun bng mt dy
ring gi l dy bo v (dy PE);
- Dy N v dy PE tch ring;
- Dy N khng c ni t, dy PE ni t lp li cng nhiu cng tt.
Hnh .3 - S TN-S
61
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Ph lc E
(Quy nh)
H thng ni t v dy dn bo v
CH THCH:
M v kim loi ca thit b c kh nng chm vo, bnh thng khng mang in nhng
s mang in khi h hng cch in;
Cc phn t dn in khng thuc h thng in nh bao gm:
C1 ng dn nc bng kim loi t ngoi vo;
C2 ng dn nc thi bng kim loi ra ngoi;
C3 ng dn kh t bng kim loi t ngoi vo c on ng ni (mng xng) bng vt liu
cch in;
C4 iu ho khng kh;
C5 h thng si;
C6 ng nc bng kim loi, v d trong phng tm;
C7 b phn dn khng thuc h thng in nh nm trong tm vi tnh t b phn dn
in trn;
B thanh ni t chnh.
62
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Cc in cc ni t bao gm:
T1 ni t mng;
T2 in cc ni t chng st, nu cn;
1 dy PE;
2 dy dn lin kt bo v;
3 dy dn lin kt bo v b sung;
4 dy dn xung t ca LPS;
5 dy dn ni t.
63
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Ph lc G
(Quy nh)
64
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Ph lc H
(Quy nh)
Cc gi tr ca h s k i vi dy dn
Bng H.1 - Cc gi tr ca h s k i vi dy dn
65
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Ph lc I
(Quy nh)
a - Trn s TT v TNS
b - Trn s IT
Hnh I.1 Phn tch in p s c
CH DN:
66
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IE dng in ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p chy qua h thng ni t ca
trm bin p phn phi (BAPP);
RE in tr h thng ni t ca trm BAPP;
RB in tr h thng ni t trung tnh li h p ti trm BAPP;
RA in tr h thng ni t bo v ca h thng in nh;
U0 in p pha - trung tnh danh nh li h p;
Uf in p s c tn s cng nghip xut hin gia v kim loi ca thit b v t ca h
thng in nh;
U1 in p chu ng tn s cng nghip xut hin gia dy pha v v kim loi ca my
BAPP khi s c;
U2 in p chu ng tn s cng nghip xut hin gia dy pha v v kim loi ca thit b
trong h thng in nh khi s c;
Ih dng in ngn mch chy qua mng ni t bo v ca h thng in nh khi s c
ngn mch pha - t trong mng cao p v s c ngn mch pha - t ti im th nht
trong mng h p vi s ni t IT;
Id dng in ngn mch chy qua mng ni t bo v ca h thng in nh khi s c
trong mng h p vi s ni t IT;
Z tng tr gia im trung tnh h p vi mng ni t (c tr s ln) trong s ni t IT.
67
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc K
(Quy nh)
Yu cu i vi qu in p tm thi
68
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc L
(Quy nh )
in p chu xung yu cu ca thit b
69
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc M
(Quy nh)
Bng M.1 - Vt liu, cu hnh v tit din nh nht cho php ca dy thu st, dy dn
xung t ca LPS
Cu hnh Tit din nh nht cho php
Vt liu
mm2
Bng 50
(a)
Trn c 50
ng, ng m Thic (a)
Bng bn 50
(b)
Trn c 176
Bng 70
Nhm Trn c 50
Bng bn 50
Bng 50
Trn c 50
Hp kim nhm
Bng bn 50
(b)
Trn c 176
Hp kim nhm bc ng Trn c 50
Bng 50
Trn c 50
Thp nhng nng
Bng bn 50
(b)
Trn c 176
Trn c 50
Thp bc ng
Bng 50
(c)
Bng 50
(c)
Trn c 50
Thp khng r
Bng bn 70
(b)
Trn c 176
(a) 2 2
50 mm (ng knh 8 mm) c th gim xung 25 mm i vi cc ng dng trong bn
c khng phi l yu cu quan trng. Cn phi xem xt trng hp ny gim khong cch
gia cc kp nh v.
(b)
Dng cho kim thu st v in cc t. i vi kim thu st trong trng hp ng sut c hc
nh ti trng do gi khng quan trng, ng knh 9,5 mm, chiu di kim 1 m c th c s
dng.
(c)
Nu cc yu cu v nhit v c l quan trng th phi tng cc tr s ny ln thnh 75 mm.
70
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Bng M.2 - Vt liu, cu hnh v tit din nh nht cho php ca cc ni t ca LPS
71
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc N
(Quy nh)
Phn loi cc vng theo mc nguy him v in
a - Hnh chiu cnh, khu vc c b - Hnh chiu bng c - Hnh chiu bng (c vch ngn c nh
bn tm v bn knh xc nh khong cch nh nht
quanh vch ngn)
Hnh N.1 - Kch thc cc vng trong khu vc c bn tm hoc vi hoa sen c chu hng
72
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
73
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Hnh N.2 - Kch thc ca vng 0 v vng 1 trong khu vc c vi tm hoa sen
khng c chu hng
74
75
Hnh N.5 - Kch thc cc vng ca b bi (hnh chiu mt bng)
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
QCVN 12:2014/BXD
cm in
Hnh N.6 - Kch thc cc vng ca khu vc ln cn phn t gia nhit sinh hi
76