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- mkv{Xw)
tNmZyw 1
bqWnv : bqWnv 1, Ip-db
- vp-nse Poh-cl
- k
- y-
]T-\t- \w : hnhn[ tImimw- K - fpw Ah- b psS [ahpw Xmc- X ayw sNbv X v
kmayhyXym-k- hni-Zo-I-cn-m-\m-Ip-p.
Bibw : kky-tIm-i-nse tImimw-K-fpw [a-hpw.
Nnmtijn-I : ImcyImcW_w Is-, {Iao-Ic- n-, s]mcp-s- -Sp-
( a ) tImim-n-IqSw
( b) tImi-nse hnhn[ {]h-\- \nb-{n-p-p.
( c ) tImi-nse DuP-\n-ebw
kqN-I
-
$ hc-bvp--Xn\v 1 kvtIm
$ (a) FtUmm-kvanIv sdn-pew Xncn--dn-b,- A-S-bm-f-s-Sp-
+ kvtIm
$ (b) aaw Xncn--dn-b,-A-S-bm-f-s-Sp-
+ kvtIm
$ (c) ssatm-tIm{Sntbm Xncn--dn-b,-A-S-bm-f-s-Sp-
+ kvtIm
tNmZyw 2
bqWnv : bqWnv 2, tImi-Pm-e
-
]T-\t- \w : Pohn-I-fnse hnhn-[- L-S-\m-X-e- Xncn--dnv Nn{Xo-I-cn-m
Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : Pohn-I-fnse hnhn[ LS-\m-X-e-
Nnmtijn-I : ImcyImcW_w Is-, {Iao-Ic- n-
Q a\p-jys hnhn[ LS\mXe Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-n-cn-p ^vtfmNmnse hnp-t]mb
`mK- ]qn-bm-p-I. (2)
Bw Xm{X a ............ tImiw
tNmZyw 3
bqWnv : bqWnv 2, tImi-Pm-e
-
]T-\t- \w : hnhn-[X
- cw kky-Ie- I
- f
- psS LS-\bpw [ahpw Xncn-d
- nv ]nI-
s-Sp-m Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : hnhn[ kky-Ie-I, [aw
Nnmtijn-I : _w Is-, Xmc-Xayw sN, {]iv\w A]-{K-Yn-, \nK-
a\ cq]o-I-cn-, bpn-]qw kan-
kqN-I
-
$ tImi-kvXcw ImW-s-Sp-p,
$ ssatm-tIm{Sn-tbm ImW-s-Sp-p. + kvtIm
tNmZyw 5
bqWnv : bqWnv 3, hos-Spmw hnf-\n-e
]T-\t- \w : B[p-\nI Irjn-co-Xn-If
- psS km[y-XI
- Xncn-d
- nv hni-Zo-Ic
- n-m
Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : imkv{Xob kao-]\
-
- n-eqsS sa-s hcp-am-\a
- p-m-m Ign-bp
hnhn[ ImjnI taJ-eI -
Nnmtijn-I : _w Is-, Xmc-Xayw sN, Imcy-Im-cW
- _
- w hni-Zo-I-
cn-
tNmZyw 6
bqWnv : bqWnv 1, Ip-db
- vp-nse Poh-cl
- k
- y-
]T-\t- \w : hnhn[ tImimw-K
- fpw Ah-bpsS [ahpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv kmay-
hy-Xym-k- hniZo-Icnm\mhp-p.
Bibw : kky-tIm-i--fnse ssPh-I-W-, hW-I-W-fpw kqcy-{]-Im-
ihpw
Nnmtijn-I : {]iv\w A]-{K-Yn, \nK-a\w cq]o-Ic- n-, {]iv\ \n[m-cW
- w,
bpn-]qhw kan-
Q Dcp-f-n-g-nse tdmkm-q-hnse ]
sh-\ndw Nphv \ndw Xmfn
A B C
(a) A, B , C bn ]cm-ain-p ssPh-IW
-
- Gh?
(b) kqcy-{]-Im-i-ns kmn-[yw ]--m-fn-bn Fp-amw Dm-pp.
Imc-W-sa-gp-XpI? (3)
kqN-I
-
(a) A - tizX-IWw, B - hW-IW - w, C - lcn-XI- Ww + + kvtIm
(b) ]- - m-fn-bpsS \ndw amdp-p. kqcy-]I
- m-i- ns kmn[yw ]-- m-fn-
bnse lcn-X-I-W- hW-I-W--fmbn amdp--Xn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-p.
+ 1 kvtIm
tNmZyw 7
bqWnv : bqWnv 1, Ip-db- vp-nse Poh-cl
- k
- y-
bqWnv 2, tImi-Pm-e
-
bqWnv 3, hos-Spmw hnf-\n-e
]T-\t- \w : hnhn[ tImimw-K
- fpw Ah-bpsS [ahpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv kmay-
hy-Xym-k- hniZo-Icnm\mhp-p.
Pp-I-eI Xncn--dnv AXns {]tXy-I-X-I, [aw Fnh
hni-Zo-I-cn-m Ign-bp-p.
B[p-\nI Irjn-co-Xn-If
- psS km[y-XI
- Xncn-d
- nv hni-Zo-Ic
- n-m
Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : aaw, tImimw-K
- , Pp-Ie
- , Imjn-It- a-Je
- I
-
Nnmtijn-I : Xmc-Xayw sN, Xcw-Xncn, Imcy-Im-cW_w Is-,
bpn-]qhw kan-
Q 1. Iq-ns-Sm-X - ns\ IspI. ap-h - b
- psS s]mXp-kh
- n-ti-jX Fv?
(a) aa-Iw, aa{Z-hyw, tImi-{Z-hyw, t{Imam-n PmenI (1)
(b) An, t]in, Xcp-Wm-n, cw (1)
2. ]Z tPmUn _w Xncn-d - nv ]qcn-n-pI
(a) _mIvSo-cnb : t{]mIm-cn-tbmp-I :: ssatm-mkva : ............. (1)
(b) tcmlp : ]nkn-I :: apKm : ............. (1)
kqN-I
-
1. $ (a) tImi-{Z-hyw, ap-h aa-ns `mK- + kvtIm
$ (b) t]in, ap-h tbmP-II - e
- I
- + kvtIm
2. $ (a) t{]mIm-cn-tbmp-I 1 kvtIm
$ (b) skdn-I 1 kvtIm
tNmZyw 8
bqWnv : bqWnv 3, hos-Spmw hnf-\n-e
]T-\t- \w : B[p-\nI Irjn-co-Xn-If
- psS km[y-XI
- Xncn-d
- nv hni-Zo-Ic
- n-m
Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : B[p-\nI Irjn-co-Xn-I
Nnmtijn-I : Xmc-Xayw sN, Xcw-Xncn, ]n-I-s-Sp-
Q NphsS \Inb {]kvXm-h\ - I
- sf t]mfn-lukv ^manMv, {]nkn-j ^man-Mv Fn-
hbvv A\p-tbm-Py-ambn ]n-Is- -Sp-p-I. (2)
(a) t]mfn-o jop-]t- bm-Knv ans\ s]mXn-bpI hgn Pe-tk-N\w ]cn-an-X-
s-Sp-p-p.
(b) t]mfn-o t]mep kpXm-cy-amb jop]-tbm-Knv Irjn-ew ]qW-amtbm
`mKo-Ia
- mtbm adbv
- p-p.
(c) Xm]-\n-ebpw Cuhpw nc-ambn {Iao-I-cn--s-Sp-p.
(d) ans kz`m-hw, anse aqe-I - f- psS Af-hv, Pe-km-n[yw Fnh IrXy-
ambn ]Tnv A\p-tbm-Py-hnf Irjn-mbn Xnc-s-Sp-p-p.
kqN-I
-
$ t]mfn-lukv ^manMv (b), (c) + kvtIm
$ {]nkn-j ^manMv (a), (d) + kvtIm
tNmZyw 9
bqWnv : bqWnv 2, tImi-Pm-e
-
]T-\t- \w : Pp-I-eI Xncn--dnv AXns {]tXy-I-X-I, [aw Fnh
hni-Zo-I-cn-m Ign-bp-p.
hnhn-[X
- cw kky-Ie- I
- f
- psS LS-\bpw [ahpw Xncn-d
- nv ]nI-
s-Sp-m Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : Pp-Ie-I,kkyIe-I [aw
Nnmtijn-I : {]iv\w A]-{K-Yn-, {]iv\ \n[m-cWw
tNmZyw 10
bqWnv : bqWnv 3, hos-Spmw hnf-\n-e
]T-\t- \w : \mS C\--fpsS {]m[m\yw Xncn--dnv kwc-W {]h\-
-fn Gs-Sp-p.
Bibw : \mS C\--fpsS {]m[m\yw
Nnmtijn-I : {]iv\w A]-{K-Yn-, \nK-a\w cq]o-Ic- n-, {]iv\ \n[m-cW
- w,
bpn-]qhw kan-
Q ""k-cb
- n\w amhp-I [mcmfw Ds-nepw aqhm-, Infn-p- Fo amhp-
Ifpw kwc-n-t-Xv Bh-iy-amWv''. IjIs A`n-{]m-b-tmSv \n-fpsS
{]Xn-Ic- Ww Fgp-Xp-I. Dcw km[q-Ic
- n-p-I. (3)
kqN-I
-
$ Ij-Is A`n-{]mbw icn-bm-Wv. 1 kvtIm
$ Hcp {]tZ-is Imem-h- , `y-e`
- y-X, ans LS\ Fn-hbvv A\p-kr-
X-amb A\p-Iq-e\
-
- BPnv {]IrXym {]Xn-tcm-[t- ijn t\Sn \ne-\np-
-hb- mWv \mS C\-. 1 kvtIm
$ ssPh-k--ns `mK-amb \mS C\-fn \nv am{Xta KpW-ta--bp
]pXnb C\- hnI-kn-n-m-\mhq. 1 kvtIm
mkv 8 (ASn-m-\-imkv{Xw)
tNmZyw 1
bqWnv : bqWnv 1 ]ZmY-kz-`mhw
]T-\t- \w : hnhn[ Ah--I-fnse {Zhy-ns khn-ti-j-X-I, Xm{Xm{Iao-
I-cWw Fnh hni-Zo-I-cn-m Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : {Zhy-ns hnhn[ Ah--I-fpw Ah-bnse Xm-{Xm-{I-ao-I-c-Whpw.
Nnmtijn-I : Xmc-Xayw sN, _w Is-, hni-I-e\w sN, s]mcp-
-s-Sp-.
tNmZyw 2
bqWnv : bqWnv -1 ]ZmYkz`mhw
]T-\t- \w : an{in-X--fnse LSI--fpsS kz`mhw a\-n-emn Ahsb A\p-
tbm-Py-amb amw D]-tbm-Knv thXn-cn-m Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : tkzZ-\w, D-X\w, sk{Sn-^yq-tK-j
Nnmtijn-I : ]nI A]-{K-Yn-, Xmc-Xayw sN, _w Is-, s]mcp-
-s]-Sp-.
kqN-I
-
A B C
1. B-tKmfpw Pehpw Xnf-\n-e-bnep hyXymkw tkzZ\w
2. aWepw Iq-chpw _mjv]oI-cW kz`m-h-n D-X\w
-ep hyXymkw
3. ssXcpw shbpw Ateb Ah-n-]vXns sk{Sn^yq-tK-j
`mc hyXymkw
1x3=3
tNmZyw 3
bqWnv : bqWnv 1 ]ZmY-kz-`mhw
]T-\t- \w : sk-td-nwKv ^W D]-tbm-Knv Xn Ie-cm {Zmh-I-sf
an{in-X-n \npw thXn-cn-m Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : sk-td-nwKv ^W, {Zmh-I-an-{inXw
Nnmtijn-I : Nn{Xw hni-I-e-\w, _w Is-, {]iv\w A]-{K-Yn-, A\p-
tbm-Py-amb D]-I-c-W- Xncn--dn-b.
Q ( a ) Nn{X-n ImWp D]-I-cWw GXmWv? (1)
(b) s]t{Smfpw as-bpw AS-nb an{in-X-nse LS-
I-sf thXn-cn-m Cu D]-I-cWw D]-tbm-Kn-m
Ign-bm-Xn\v Imc-W-sav? (1)
(c) s]t{Smfpw as-bpw AS-nb an{in-X-nse LS-
I-sf thXn-cn-m-\p am-sa-mWv? (1)
kqN-I
-
tNmZyw 5
bqWnv : bqWnv 1 ]ZmY-kz-`mhw
]T-\t- \w : sk{Sn-^yq-j, s{Ima-tm-{Km^n Fo am- D]-tbm-Knp
an{in-X-nse LS-I-sf thXn-cn-m Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : sk{Sn-^yq-tK-j, s{Ima-tm-{Km-^n, Awin-I-tkz-Z-\w,
Nnmtijn-I : _w Is-, \nK-a\w cq]o-I-cn-, Imcy-Im-cW _w
Is-.
Q _w Isn hnp-t]mb `mKw ]qcn-n-p-I.
( a ) IS Pe-n \npw Idnbpv thXn-cn- :: _mjv]o-I-cWw
Idp \ndap ajn-bnse LS-I- thXn-cn-m :: ..............................
(b) tkzZ\w :: Ik
AwinI tkzZ\w :: ..............................
( c ) AwinI tkzZ\w {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-p k`-v DZm-l-cWw \Ip-I.
(d) AwinI tkzZ\w hgn LS-I- thXn-cn-p-Xv Ftm-gmWv?
kqN-I
-
( a ) s{Imatm {Km^n (1)
(b) {^m-t\-nwKv tImfw (1)
( c ) s]t{Sm-fn-b-nse LS-I- thXn-cn-pp
hmbp-hnse LS-I- thXn-cn-p-p. any one (1)
(d) LS-I- Xn Xnf-\n-e-bn t\cnb hyXym-k-ap--tm (1)
tNmZyw 6
bqWnv : bqWnv 2 ]ZmY-nse ASn-m\ \nmW LS-I-.
]T-\t- \w : aqe-I-, kwbp-- Fnh Fm-sWv hni-Zo-I-cn-m
Ign-bp-p. aqe-I-v {]Xo-I- kzoI-cn--coXn hni-Zo-I-cn-m
Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : aqe-I-, kwbp--
Nnmtijn-I : hni-I-e\w sN, \nK-a\w cq]o-I-cn-, _w Is-.
kqN-I
-
( a ) Im_U-tbm-IvsskUv kwbp-w. ap-h aqe-I-. (1)
(b) aojyw ap--hbvv emn \ma-n \npw {]Xo-I- kzoI-cn-n-cn-
p-p. (1)
( c ) CO2 (1)
(d) \m{Snbw (1)
tNmZyw 7
bqWnv : bqWnv 2 ]ZmY-nse ASn-m\ \nmW LS-I-.
]T-\t- \w : aqe-I-p t]cp-h--hgn hni-Zo-I-cn-m Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : aqe-I--fpsS {]Xo-I-.
Nnmtijn-I : ]nI A]-{K-Yn-, kmam-\y-h-cn-, s]mcp--s-Sp-.
tNmZyw 8
bqWnv : bqWnv 2 ]ZmY-nse ASn-m\ \nmW LS-I-.
]T-\t- \w : B--sfbpw Xm-{X-I-sfbpw kqNn-n-phn[w hni-Zo-I-cn-m
Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : B-, Xm-{X-I, {]Xo-Iw, cmk-kq-{Xw.
Nnmtijn-I : _w Is-, kmam-\y-h-cn-, {]iv\-\n[m-c-Ww.
kqN-I
-
tNmZyw 9
bqWnv : bqWnv 2 ]ZmY-nse ASn-m\ \nmW LS-I-.
]T-\t- \w : cmk-{]-h-\--fnse A`n-Im-c-I-, D-- Fnh Xncn-
-dn-bm Ign-bp-p. cmk-k-a-hm-Iy- kao-I-cn-m Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : A`n-Im-c-Iw, D]-w, cmk-k-a-hmIyw
Nnmtijn-I : Xcw-Xn-cn-, kmam-\y-h-cn-, {]tbm-Kn-.
kqN-I
-
a ) SO2 , O2 (1)
b) SO3 (1)
c ) 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 (1)
tNmZyw 10
bqWnv : bqWnv 2 ]ZmY-nse ASn-m\ \nmW LS-I-.
]T-\t- \w : Xm-{X-bn-e-S-n-bn-cn-p B--fpsS Fw a\-n-emn Ahsb
GIm-tm-anIw, Zzbm-tm-an-Iw, _lp-A-tm-anIw Fn-s\ Xcw-Xn-
cn-m Ign-bp-p.
Bibw : GIm-tm-anI Xm{X, Zzbm-tm-anI Xm-{X.
Nnmtijn-I : A]-{K-Yn-, _w Is-, Xcw-Xn-cn-.
kqN-Iw-
a) (D) loenbw
b) ssl{U-P (H), loenbw (He)
c) O 2 (1)
mkv 8 (ASn-m-\-imkv{Xw)
tNmZyw 1
bqWnv : bqWnv 11, ImnIX
]T-\t- \ : ]ncppw Dcppw Xn ImnIKpWfnep hyXmkw
Xncndnv hniZoIcnm Ignbpp
ImnIaew, ImnI _etcJ, InI^v f Iv k v km{X
ImnIt{]cWw, Fnh Fsp hniZoIcnm Ignbpp
Bibw : ImnIt{]cWw, s]anb_nenn
Nnmtijn-I : ImcyImcW_w hniZoIcn, bpIvXn]qhw kan,
{]iv\w A]{KYn, Xcw Xncn
Q \nv Hcp IjWw ]ncppw AtX hepap Hcp Dcpv IjWhpw
\Inbncnpp. Ch cpw Hcp Imn \npw Xpey Zqcfnembn
hncnpp. Fnv sampkqNnI Xpeyambn Ah-bpsS apI-fn hnXdpp.
( a ) GXnemWv IqSpX sampkqNnI ]nnSnpXv? (1)
(b) Ccppw Dcppw Imn-I-a--e-n \npw amn-bm GXnembncnpw
IqSpX sampkqNnI Xn \npI? (1)
( c ) a, b Fn-hb
- psS Dc km[qIcnpI (2)
kqN-I
-
(a) ]ncpv 1 kvtIm
(b) Dcpv 1 kvtIm
(c) ]ncpn\v Db s]anb_nennbpw Db hi-K-Xbpw 1 kvtIm
]ncpn\v dnnhnn Ipdhv, Dcpn\v dnnhnn IqSpX 1 kvtIm
tNmZyw 2
bqWnv : bqWnv 8, AfhpIfpw bqWnpIfpw
]T-\t- \w : SI bqWnpIfpsS khntijXI Xncndnv icnbmb coXnbn
hnhn[ k`fn {]tbmKnm Ignbpp
Bibw : km{X Ipd {ZmhIw km{X IqSnb {ZmhIn\v apIfn nXn
sNpp.
Nnmtijn-I : Xcw Xncn, _w Is, {]tbmKn, {]iv \ w
A]{KYn
Q Hcp Pmdn F F emb\nbpw _n F emb\nbpw Aw hoXw Hgnpp.
F bpsS km{X 2 kg/m3 Dw _n bpsS km{X 5 kg/m3 Dw BWv.
Chbn GXmbncnpw apIfn nXn sNpXv? ImcWw hyIvXampI
(3)
kqN-I
-
F F emb\n 1 kvtIm
F bpsS km{X _n bpsS km{Xtbm IpdhmbXn\m 1 kvtIm
km{X Ipd {ZmhIw km{X IqSnb {ZmhIn\v apIfn nXn sNpw.
1 kvtIm
tNmZyw 3
bqWnv : bqWnv 8, AfhpIfpw bqWnpIfpw
]T-\t- \w : SI bqWnpIfpsS khntijXI Xncndnv icnbmb coXnbn
hnhn[ k`fn {]tbmKnm Ignbpp
Bibw : ASnm\ bqWnpw hyp] bqWnpw
Nnmtijn-I : ImcyImcW_w Is,\nKa\ cq]oIcn
Q Hmw tPmUn t\mn _w Isn cmw tPmUn ]qnbmpI
( a ) \ofw : ao :: hym]vXw : .................. (1)
(b) m\m-cw : ao :: XzcWw : .................. (1)
kqN-I
-
(a) m3 1 kvtIm
(b) m/s2 1 kvtIm
tNmZyw 4
bqWnv : bqWnv 8, AfhpIfpw bqWnpIfpw
]T-\t- \w : SI bqWnpIfpsS khntijXI Xncndnv icnbmb coXnbn
hnhn[ k`fn {]tbmKnm Ignbpp.
SI bqWnpIsf Bkv ] Zamn {]kv X mhnp hyp]
bqWnpI Xncndnv hnhn[ k`fn D]tbmKnm
Ignbpp
Bibw : kabw, kabns bqWnv, `qan Hcp {]mhiyw kqcys\ Npm
FSpp kabw, tkmfm Zn\w.
Nnmtijn-I : kmam\yhcn, hniZoIcn, _w Is,
{]tbmKn.
Q
( a ) kabns ASnm\ bqWnv GXmWv? (1)
(b) Hcp tkmfm Zn\w FXp sImv FmWv AampXv? (1)
( c ) kqcy\p Nppw \ Hcp {]mhiyw Npm FSpp kabsa{X? (1)
kqN-I
-
a ) sk v 1 kvtIm
b) Hcp \p apX ASp \p hscbp kabw 1 kvtIm
c) Hcp hjw 1 kvtIm
tNmZyw 5
bqWnv : bqWnv 9 Ne\w
]T-\t- \w : Zqchpw m\mchpw Xnep hyXymk Xncndnv
hniZoIcnm Ignbpp
Bibw : Zqcw, m\mcw,
Nnmtijn-I : {]iv\w A]{KYn, \nKa\w cq]oIcn, ImcyImcW_w
Is, kan, {]iv\ \n[mcWw
Q A F ep\nv Hcm bm{X Xncnv B hgn C bn Fnb cpcoXnI
hyIvXamp Nn{X \Inbncnpp.
tNmZyw 6
bqWnv : bqWnv 10, _ew
]T-\t- \w : LjWw hniZoIcnm\pw LjWw sImp KpWtZmj
Xncndnbm\pw \nXyPohnXn {]tbmP\sSpm\pw Ignbpp
Bibw : {]Xens kz`mhw LjWs kzm[o\npp. LjWs
kzm[o\np LSIw.
Nnmtijn-I : {]iv\w A]{KYn, \nKa\w cq]oIcn, ImcyImcW_w
Is, kan, {]iv\\n[mcWw
Q Hcp XSn taipdph tijw kv{]nMv _mekp sImv hentm
kv{]nMv _mekn 50 N doUnv Ip. Xmsg \Inbncnp tNmZyv
DNnXamb Dcw {_mn \npw sXcsSpv FgpXpI.
( a ) taipdv Hcp km vt] h tijw AXn IqSn XSn henm
kv{]nMv _mekv doUnns\v kw`hnpp? (1)
(Ipdbpp, IqSpp, amdpn, BZyw IqSpp ]ns Ipdbpp)
(b) Dcpf s]knen\p apIfn IqSnbmWv Cu XSn henpsXn
kv{]nMv _mekv doUnns\v kw`hnpp? (1)
(Ipdbpp, IqSpp, amdpn, BZyw IqSpp ]ns Ipdbpp)
kqN-I
-
(a) IqSpp. 1 kvtIm
(b) Ipdbpp. 1 kvtIm
tNmZyw 7
bqWnv : bqWnv 11, ImnIX
]T-\t- \w : ImnIaew, InI_etcJ, InI^v f Iv k v km{X
ImnIt{]cWw, Fnh Fsp hniZoIcnm Ignbpp.
Bibw : ImnIt{]cWn Imnse Hcp {[phns Ghpw
ASpp A{Kn hnPmXob {[phamWv DmIpXv.
Nnmtijn-I : A\ptbmPyamb D]IcW Xncndnb, hniZoIcn, _w
Is, {]tbmKn
Q Imns {[phfn sampkqNn hm ImWp coXn IpnI Nn{XoIcnXv
\Inbncnpp.
tNmZyw 8
bqWnv : bqWnv 8 AfhpIfpw bqWnpIfpw
]T-\t- \w : GIoIrX bqWnpIfpsS BhiyIX BhiyIX hniZoIcnm
Ignbpp
bqWnpIsf Bkv]Zamn {]kvXmhnp hyp] bqWnpI
Xncndnv hnhn[ k`fn D]tbmKnm Ignbpp
Bibw : GIoIrX bqWnpIfpw hyp] bqWnpIfpw
Nnmtijn-I : Xcw Xncn, _w Is, {]tbmKn
Q Iqn s]SmtXXv? ImcWw hyIvXampI (2)
ao, Intem-{Kmw, Intem{Kmw/ao3, sk v
kqN-I
-
$ Intem{Kmw/ao3 1 kvtIm
$ ao, Intem- { Kmw, sk v Fnhsbmw ASnm\ bqWnpIfmWv ,
Intem{Kmw/ao3 hyp]bqWnmWv. 1 kvtIm
tNmZyw 9
bqWnv : bqWnv 10, _ew
]T-\t- \w : LjWw hniZoIcnm\pw LjWw sImp KpWtZmj
Xncndnbm\pw \nXyPohnXn {]tbmP\sSpm\pw Ignbpp.
Bibw : LjWw sImpmIp KpWfpw tZmjfpw
Nnmtijn-I : ]nI A]{KYn, hnebncp, \nKa\ cq]oIcn,
kmam\yhcn,]nIsSp
Q Xmsg sImSp {]kvXmh\Isf LjWn\p KpWIcamIpXpw AmXp-
ambn ]nIsSppI
$ hkvXpsf ]nSnm Ignbpp
$ Sb tXv Xocpp
$ Xosnsmn Xosnbn Dcv Inm Ignbpp
$ hml\fn C\\jvSapmpp (2)
kqN-I
-
KpWIcambh KpWIcamh
$ hkvXpsf ]nSnm Ignbpp $ Sb tXv Xocpp
$ Xosnsmn Xosnbn Dcv $ hml\fn
Inm Ignbpp C\\jvSapmpp
tNmZyw 10
bqWnv : bqWnv 11, ImnIX
]T-\t- \w : ImnIaew, InI_etcJ, InI^v f Iv k v km{X
ImnIt{]cWw, Fnh Fsp hniZoIcnm Ignbpp.
Bibw : ImnI hkvXp, AImnI hkvXp, ImnIt{]cWw
Nnmtijn-I : A\ptbmPyamb D]IcW Xncndnb, _w Is,
\nKa\w cq]oIcn, ImcyImcW_w Is,
Q XmsgsImSp Nn{Xn mn-Iv, ]n-cpv Fnh cpw Imns
ImnIaen\pnemWv.
c
mnIv
d
Imw
N
a
]n-
cpv
b
kqN-I
-
( a ) ]n-cpv 1 kvtIm
(b ) a S 1 kvtIm
bN 1 kvtIm