2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃

444
 445

2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃
BapJw

""hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb ssZho-I-hm-KvZ-Ø-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ in£-W-ß-fm-Wv. II Zn\-hr-Øm-

¥-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ D≈-S-°w. \mev]-Øn-c≠p kwh-’cw sIm≠v blq-Z-bn¬ ]sØm≥]Xp cmPm-°-
∑m¿ `cWw \S-Øn. Ah-cn¬ Ggp-t]¿ Zmho-Zn-s\-t∏mse \√-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p, ]Øp-t]¿ bn{km-tb-en-s\-
t∏mse AYhm sbmtcm-s_-bm-an-s\-t∏mse sIm≈-cp-Xm-Ø-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p-t]¿ BZyw \√-h-cm-bn-
cp-∂n´v ]n¬°m-eØv ZpjvS-∑m-cmbn t]mb-h-cm-Wv, item-tam\pw tbmhm-ipw. in£Ww in£m-hn-[n-
bmbn amdp-∂-XmWv ChnsS \mw ImWp-∂Xv''
tPm¨ slUnwKv

Bap-J-kw-_-‘-ambn I Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ t\m°pI

D≈-S°w
I. item-tams‚ cmPyw (A. 1˛9)
A. item-tams‚ Bcm-[-\, ⁄m\w, kºØv (A.1)
B. Be-b-kw-_-‘-amb item-tams‚ Hcp-°-߃, \n¿ΩmWw, {]XnjvT (A. 2˛7)
{]I-S-amb s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-I-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ hnj-b-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hyXn-N-e\w
C. itemtam≥, Xs‚ kI-e-hn-[-amb {]Xm-]-Ønepw (8:1˛9:28)
D. item-tams‚ acWw (9:29˛31)
II. cmPy-hn-`-P\w (A. 10)
III. blq-Zm-cmPyw (11:1˛36:19)
A. cmPm-hmb scl-s_bmw (A. 11,12)
B. cmPm-hmb A_obm (A. 13)
C. cmPm-hmb Bkm (A. 14˛16)
D. cmPm-hmb sbtlm-im-^mØv (A. 17-˛20)
E. sbtlmcmw cmPmhv (A.21)
F. Al-kymhv cmPmhv (22:1˛9)
G. AYeym cm⁄n-bpsS ]nSn-s®-Sp-°¬ (22:10˛23:21)
H. cmPm-hmb tbmhmiv (A. 24)
I. cmPm-hmb Aa-kymhv (A. 25)
J. cmPm-hmb Dkobmhv(A. 26)
446

K. cmPm-hmb tbmYmw (A. 27)

L. cmPm-hmb Blmkv (A. 28)
M. cmPm-hmb lnkv°o-bmhv (A. 29-˛32)
N. a\s» cmPmhv (33:1˛20)
O. cmPm-hmb Btam≥ (33:21˛25)
P. cmPm-hmb tbmio-bmhv (34,35)
Q. cmPm-hmb sbtlm-hm-lm-kv(36:1˛3)
R. cmPm-hmb sbtlm-bm°ow (36:4˛8)
S. cmPm-hmb sbtlm-bm-Jo≥ (36:9,10)
T. cmPm-hmb knsZ-°n-bmhv (36:11˛19)
IV. _m_n-tem\y ASn-aØw (36:20,21)
V. ]m¿kn-cm-Pm-hmb tImsc-ins‚ hnfw-_cw (36:22,23)
 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 1,2
hymJym\w
{]mcw-`-Øn¬ henb H‰-]p-kvX-I-am-bn-cp∂ 1Zn\-hr-
Øm-¥-]p-kvX-Ihpw II Zn\-hr-Øm-¥hpw XΩn¬ IrXy-
ambn th¿s]-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv kuI-cy-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bm-
Wv. AXp-sIm≠v 1 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ \n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-
∂n-S-Øp-\n-∂mWv 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv.
hn`-P-\-ÿm\w hfsc IrXy-am-bmWv Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-
´n-cn-°p-∂Xv ˛ Zmho-Zns‚bpw item-tam-s‚bpw `c-W-
Øns‚ CS-`m-Kw.
1 Zn\-hr-Øm¥w 29-˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ ZmhoZv item-
tams\ Xs‚ A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-bmbn {]Jym-]n-®p. item-
tam≥ XpS-ßn, _m_n-tem\y {]hm-k-Øn¬ \n∂p≈
blqZm tijn∏ns‚ aS-ßn-hc - hv hsc-bp≈ ZmhoZy hwim-
hen 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂p. 1,2 cmPm-°-∑m¿
ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Cu Ime-L´w Xs∂-bmWv IW-°n-
se-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv; F∂m¬ Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ Gsd-
°p-dsb ]q¿Æ-ambpw Du∂¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv blq-
Z-bv°m-Wv. blq-Zm-bpsS Ncn-{X-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬
am{Xta bn{km-tb¬ cmPm-°-∑m¿ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-´p-
≈p. IqSmsX cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ]pkvXIw Ncn-{X-ambn
{]m[m\yw A¿ln-°p-tºmƒ, Zn\-hr-Øm-¥ß - ƒ Bflob
hnj-b-߃°mWv {]m[m\yw \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. c≠p
]pkvX-I-ß-fn-sebpw hnj-b-߃ Gsd-°p-dsb H∂p-X-
s∂-bm-sW-¶n-epw, Zn\-hr-Øm-¥ß - ƒ hyXy-kvXa
- mb Hcp
Dt±-i-tØm-Sp-IqsS ]n¬°m-eØv Fgp-X-s∏-´-Xm-I-bm¬,
cmPm-°∑ - m-cpsS ]pkvXI
- Ø
- n¬ ImW-s∏-SmØ Nne hni-
Zo-I-c-W-߃ AXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. c≠p-]p-kvX-
I-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ Nne hyXym-k-ß-sf-°p-dn®p Cu
]pkvX-I-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-sb-°p-
dn-s®√mw Bg-ambn Nn¥n-∏m≥ ChnsS km[y-am-I-bn-√.
(Cu Dt±-iy-tØmSp IqSn a‰p ]pkvX-I-߃ Fgp-X-s∏-
´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p)
I. item-tams‚ cmPyw (A. 1˛9)
A. item-tams‚ Bcm-[-\, ⁄m\w, kºØv
1:1˛3 Zmho-Zns‚ ac-W-Øn\pw (1-Zn-\. 29) item-tams\
cmPm-hmbn {]Jym-]n-®-Xn-\p-an-Sbv°v \S∂ kw`-h-ß-sf-
°p-dn®v 1cm-Pm-°-∑m¿ 1˛3 A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.
btlm-h-bpsS hN-\-{]-Imcw (1-Zn-\. 22:9,10) Xs‚ ]nXm-
hns‚ knwlm-k\w itemtam≥ Dd-∏m-°nb Ah-k-c-
Øn¬ AtZm-\n-bmhpw tbmhm-_pw Hcp _e-{]-tbm-K-
Øn¬ sIm√-s∏-´p.
Xs‚ cmPXzw ÿnc-am-°-s∏-´-tijw item-tam≥
Xs‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-I-sf-sb√mw hnfn-®p-Iq´n kam-
K-a\ IqSmcw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Kns_-tbm-\n-te°v aXm-
Nm-c-\zn-X-amb Hcp tLmj-bm{X kwL-Sn-∏n-®p.
1:4˛6 \nb-a-s∏-´-Iw ZmhoZv sbcp-i-te-an-se-Øn-®n-cp-
∂p-sh-¶n-epw, (1-Zn-\. 13˛15) Xm{a-bm-K-]o-T-apƒs∏sS kam-
447
Ka\ IqSm-c-Ønse D]-I-c-W-ß-sf√mw Kos_-tbm-\n-em-
bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ ssZh-amb btlm-h-tbm-Sp≈
Xs‚ `‡nbpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw {]Z¿in-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Cu
bmK-]o-T-Øn¬ item-tam≥ Bbncw tlma-bm-K-߃
A¿∏n-®p.
1:7˛12 A∂p cm{Xn kz]v\Ø
- n¬ btlmh Ah\v {]Xy-
£-\m-bn, Xs‚ G‰hpw henb B{Klw F¥v F∂p
tNmZn®p (hm. 7, 1cm-Pm. 3:5). P\sØ `cn-∏m-\p≈
⁄m\hpw hnth- I hpw item- t am≥ Bh- i y- s ∏- ´ p,
AXn¬ {]km-Zn® ssZhw Ah\v AXp-ey-amb [\hpw
kº-Øpw, am\hpw hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. Hc¿∞-Øn¬,
ssZhw {]Xy-£-s∏´v Hmtcm hnizm-kn-tbmSpw Ah¿°p
th≠-sX-s¥∂v tNmZn-°p-∂p, \mw Pohn-X-Øn¬ Gsd
B{K-ln-°p-∂-sXt¥m AXns\ B{i-bn-®m-bn-cn°pw
\ap°p e`n-°p-∂-Xv.
1:13˛17 hf-sc-b-[nIw kº¬k-ar-≤-amb Hcp `c-W-
Øn-\p-th≠n item-tam≥ sbcp-i-te-an-te°p aS-ßn.
Xs‚ cY-߃, IpXn-c-t®-h-I¿, cY-\-K-c-߃, sh≈n,
s]m∂v, tZh-Zm-cp, IpXn-c-I-ƒ apX-em-b-h-sb-°p-dn-®mWv
Cu hmIy-߃ kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]e-t∏mgpw ]e kw`-
h-ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, AXy-¥n-I-amb
Xs‚ ]cm-Pb - Ø
- ns‚ hnØp-Iƒ Xs‚ kar-≤n-bn¬ D≈-
S°w sNø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
B. Be-b-kw-_-‘-amb item-tams‚ Hcp-°-
߃, \n¿Ωm-Ww, {]XnjvT (A. 2˛7)
2:1,2 Be-b-Øns‚ \n¿ΩmW Hcp-°-߃°p-th≠n
item-tam≥ 70000 Npa-´p-Im-scbpw, 80000 I√p-sh-´p-Im-
scbpw 3600 ta¬ hnNm-c-I-∑m-tcbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.
2:3˛10 A\-¥cw Zmho-Zns‚ cmP-[m-\n-°p-th≠n tZh-
Zmcp \evInb tkm¿ cmPm-hmb locm-ans‚w klmbw
item-tam≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p. Xs‚ ]≤-Xn-bpsS Bflob
{]m[m\yw hnh-cn-®-tijw ZmhoZv Iqen-s°-SpØ Iui-
e-∏-Wn-°m-tcm-Sp-IqsS the sNøp-hm≥ sImØp-]-Wn-
bn¬ ka¿∞-\mb Hcm-sf-bpw, Be-b-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb
achpw {]tXy-Im¬ item-tam≥ Ah-t\m-Sm-h-iy-s∏-´p.
Xm≥ sNøp∂ GsXmcp klm-bØ - n\pw am\y-amb {]Xn-
^-ew \evIm-sa∂v item-tam≥ Dd∏p\evIn. bYm¿∞
kwJy-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ AhnsS Hcp s]mcpØ-t°-
Sp-≈-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂p (1).
{]I-S-amb s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-Iƒ
2 Zn\- h r- Ø m- ¥ - ß ƒ hymJym- \ n- ° p- t ºmƒ, Cu
]pkvXI - hpw I,II cmPm-°∑ - m-cpsS ]pkvXI
- ß
- f - nse kam-
\-amb hnh-c-W-ßfpw XΩn¬ {]I-S-amb Nne s]mcp-Ø-
t°-Sp-Iƒ D≈-Xmbn \ap°p ImWmw. Cu hyXym-k-
߃ \mw Ah-KW - n-°p-Ib- m-sW-¶n¬ AXp \ΩpsS hmb-
\-°msc D]-{Z-hn-°p∂ Hcp {]hr-Øn-bm-bn-cn-°pw. t\tc-
448

item-tam-s‚ {]kn-≤n-bpsS hym]vXn

 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 2,3
a-dn-®, B hyXym-kß - ƒ°v \mw Aan-X{- ]m-[m\yw Iev]n-
°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, AXv hN-\-Øn-\p≈ ZrV-hn-izm-k-
Øn\p Xpc¶w hbv°p∂ {]hr-Øn-bm-bn-cn-°pw. AXp-
sIm≠v Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw AXp sNøp-hm\pw ]mSn-√.
\ΩpsS ]cn-lm-c-am¿§w CXm-Wv. s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-Iƒ
F√mw \ap°v ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-s√-¶n-epw,-{]-
[m- \ - s ∏´ hyXym- k - ß ƒ ad- ® p- h - b v ° msX ]pdØp
sIm≠p hcnI. AtX-k-abw ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ Bfl-
{]-tNm-Z-\sØ bmsXmcp hn[-Øn-epw _m[n-°m-Ø-hn-
[w, \mw AXp sXfn-bn®p hy‡-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. BZn-a-
ambn \evI-s∏´ ssZh-h-N\w ssZh-Øm¬ {]tNm-Zn-X-
hpw, sX‰p-]-‰m-ØXpw hyXn-N-en-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xp-am-sW∂v
\mw hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
ASn-°p-dn-∏p-I-fn-emWv \mw {]iv\-߃ ssIImcyw
sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. {]IS-amb sshcp≤y hnh-c-ß-fpsS
kmt¶-XnI kwhm-Z-߃ Cu hn[-Øn¬ hymJym-\-
Øns‚ Hgp-°ns\ XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√. {]XypX {]iv\-
߃ Npcp-°-Øn¬, F∂m¬ XS- -ß-fn-√msX ]cn-tim-
[n-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-kcw AXp \ap°p \evIp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-I-fn¬ ]eXpw ]I¿sØ-gp-Øp-Im-
cs‚ ]ni-Im-Wv. ]e \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]n∂n-Sp-tºmƒ, thZ-
]p-kvXIw ]e {]mhiyw ]I¿Øn-sb-gp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ cmb-k-°m-c\v Ahn-S-hn-S-ß-fn-embn
eLp-hmb sX‰p-Iƒ hcp-∂X - n¬ AXn-ib
- n-°m-\n-√. A®-
Sn-sX-‰p-Iƒ H∂p-an-√msX Hcp ]pkvXIw ]pd-Øn-d-°p-
hm≥ C°m-e-Øp-t]mepw Gsd-°p-dsb Akm-[y-am-Wv.
""ssZh-h-N\w sX‰p-Iq-SmsX Fgp-Xp-hm≥ X°-hÆw
BZna Fgp-Øp-Imsc \bn-°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øn\p Ign-bp-
am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, F¥p-sIm≠v sX‰p-Iq-SmsX ]I¿Øn-
sb-gp-Xp-hm≥ cmb-k-°m-sc Ah≥ klm-bn-°p-∂n-√?''
F∂p Nne¿ tNmZn-t®-°mw. Xo¿®-bmbpw AXn-\p≈
adp-]Sn CXm-Wv, Ah≥ AXn\p Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p, ]t£
Ahs‚ ⁄m\-Øn¬ AXv Aßs\ sNøp-hm≥ Ah≥
Xocp-am-\n-®n-´n-√.-cm-b-k-°m-cp-sStbm ]I¿sØ-gp-Øp-Im-
cp- s Stbm sNdn- b - t Xm- X n- e p≈ sX‰p- I ƒ Ds≠-
¶n¬t]mepw (t]-cp-I-fnse A£-c-hn\ym-k-Ønepw
kwJy-I-fn-ep-amWv IqSp-X¬ sX‰p-I-fp-≈-Xv) C∂p
\ap°p e`y-ambncn-°p∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ thZ-]p-kvXIw,
AXp ssZh-hN - \- a- m-Wv. kwi-bI
- c
- a
- mb GXp hnj-bhpw
ssIIm-cyw sNtø-≠Xv eLp-hn-hc-Wt- Øm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.
A√msX thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-c-amb GsX-¶nepw D]-tZ-i-
tØmSp IqSn-b-√. tbip-I¿Ømhv Cu `qan-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-
t∏mƒ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ Hcp ]Xn∏v Xm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-
cp∂p (B-Zn-a-amb Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-f-√). Xs∂-bp-a√
Ah≥ ssZh-h-N-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu thZ-hm-Iy-߃
FSp-Øp-≤c - n-®n-´p-ap-≠v F∂Xv Hm¿°p-hm≥ Bizm-ka - p≈
Imcy-am-Wv. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ kp{]-Xn-jvTnX `mjm-
¥-c-߃ Ah ssZh-h-N-\-am-sW-∂p≈ AtX ZrU-hn-
izm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ \ap-°n∂p Ign-bp-
∂p.
2:11˛16 lqcmw item-tam\v FgpXn Ab® adp-]-Sn-
449
bn¬, B DZyaw Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂p≈
Ie¿∏n-√mØ Hcp Bflob Xncn-®-dnhv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-
Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ip‰-a-‰, khn-ti-j-X-I-fp≈ Hcp
sImØp-]-Wn-°m-c-\mb lqcm-ans\ Xm≥ Ab-bv°p-∂-
Xmbpw Ah≥ ]d™p (2). IqSmsX tKmX-ºv, bhw,
FÆ, ho™v F∂n-h-bv°p-]-Icw se_m-t\m-\nse
achpw \evIm-sa∂v Xm≥ Dd-∏p-sIm-Sp-Øp. acw sNßmSw
sI´n saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ IS¬ hgn bmt^m-hn¬ FØn-
®n´v , Ahn- s S- \ n∂pw Ic- a m¿§w sbcp- i - t e- a n- t e°p
sIm≠p-t]m-I-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.
2:17,18 bn{km-tb-en\v \in-∏n-∏m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mb
I\m-\y-cm-bn-cp∂p 1,53,000 A\y-∑m¿, AYhm hntZ-in-
Iƒ. Ct∏mƒ Dugn-b-th-e-°m-cmbn Ahsc D]-tbm-Kn®p
(3)
.
3:1˛4 Bh-iy-amb Bkq-{X-W-߃°pw Xøm-sd-Sp-∏p-
Iƒ°pw HSp-hn¬, item-tams‚ `c-W-Øns‚ \memw
B≠n¬ Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn Bcw-`n-®p. 1,50,000 tPmen-
°m-tcm-Spw, Af-h‰ km[-\ß
- t- fmSpw kº-tØmSpw IqsS
Bcw-`n® AXn-_rl-Ømb ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-°s - ∏-Sp-∂Xv
Ggp-h¿jw sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
tamdn-bm-a-e-bn¬ Be-b-Øn\p ASn-ÿm\w C´p.
Bebw sXmÆqdp ASn \of-ap-≈-Xpw, ap∏Xv ASn hoXn-
bp-≈X- pw, \mev]Ø- n-b©v ASn Db-ca - p-≈Xpw (1-cm-P. 6˛mw
A≤ym-b-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ hni-Zo-I-cWw \evIn-bn-´p≠v).
Bbn-cn-°pw. CXv kam-Ka- \
- I
- q-Sm-cØ
- ns‚ GI-tZiw Cc´n
hen-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p. IqSmsX ap∏Xv ASn-\o-f-ap≈ Hcp
afi]w AYhm ]qapJw CXn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p (4).
3:5˛9 Be-b-Øns‚ AI-hiw {][m-\-ÿew c≠p-
ap-dn-I-fmbn Xncn-®n-cp-∂p. B c≠p apdn-I-ƒ, henb Be-
bhpw AXn-hn-ip-≤-a-µn-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. B sI´nSw I√p-
sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Be-b-Øns‚ Dƒhiw kc-f-acw
sIm≠v a®n-´-tijw AXp X¶w s]mXn-™n-cp-∂p. AXv
]e-Xcw sImØp-]-Wn-I-fm¬ Ae-¶-cn-®-tijw AXn-
t∑¬ cXv\w ]Xn-®n-cp-∂p. ssZh-Xz-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-amb
s]m∂p am{Xta Be-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Zriy-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈p.
B ÿew \nd-bv°p-hm-\p≈ btlm-h-bpsS tXP- n-s\-
bm-bn-cp∂p AXv Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
3:10˛13 AXn-hn-ip-≤-ÿ-eØv c≠p sIcq-_p-Isf
ÿm]n-®n-cp-∂p. (\n-b-a-s]´-I-Øn\p apI-fn-ep≈ Ir]m-
k-\-Øns‚ `mK-amb c≠p sIcq-_p-Iƒ°p ]pd-sa-bm-
bn-cp∂p Ch). Ah-bpsS hnS¿Ønb Nnd-Ip-Iƒ H∂n®p
tNcp-tºmƒ, Ah AXn-hn-ip-≤-ÿ-e-Øns‚ samØw
hoXn-tbmfw \o´-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Ahbv°p Iosg-bm-bn-cp∂p
s]´Iw ]n∂oSv ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv (5:7). Xncp-h-N-\-Øn¬
]e-bn-Sß - f
- nepw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Acq-]n-If - m-bn-cp∂p sIcq-
_p-Iƒ. ssZh-Øn-\m-bp≈ Ah-bpsS \nc-¥c ImØn-cn-
∏ns‚ AS-bm-f-ambn Nph-cp-I-fpw (hm. 7), Xnc-»o-e-Ifpw
sIcq-_p-Is - f-s°m≠v Ae-¶c - n-®n-cn-®n-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚
bYm¿∞ hmk-ÿ-e-Øns‚ \ng-ep-I-fmWv Be-bhpw
Xncp-\n-hm-khpw ˛ AXm-bXv kz¿§-Øns‚ (F-{_m. 8:5).
AhnsS AkwJyw ZqX-∑m-cm¬ cm]-I-set\y Ah≥
450

item-tams‚ Be-b-Øn-s‚ cq]-tcJ

 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 3,4,5,6
Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Ah {InkvXp-hn-s‚bpw \ng-ep-I-fmWv (tbm-l. 1:14).
3:14˛17 kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-Øn-te-Xp-t]m-se, Hcp Xnc-
»oe c≠p apdn-I-sfbpw XΩn¬ th¿Xn-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Be-
b-Øn¬ c≠p apdn-Iƒ°pw-at[y IX-Ip-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-
∂p (hm. 7). Be-b-Øn\p apºn¬ t]mXn-I-I-tfmSp
IqSnb c≠p XqWp-Iƒ \qdp amX-f-∏-g-߃ sIm≠v Ae-
¶-cn® \ne-bn¬ ÿm]n-®n-cp∂p (5) heXp hi-Øp≈
XqWn\v bmJo≥ F∂pw (A-h≥ ÿm]n-°pw). CS-Xp-h-
i-Øp-≈-Xn\v t_mhkv (_ew Ah-\n-ep-≠v) F∂pw
t]cm-bn-cp-∂p.
4:1˛22 Be-b-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ apJy
teml-߃ Xm{ahpw s]m∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu teml-ß-
fn¬ sNbvX Nne an\p-°p-]-Wn-I-sf-°p-dn-®mWv \memw
A≤ym-b-Øn¬ Npcp-°-ambn ]d™ncn-°p-∂-Xv. tlma-
bm-K-]o-Tw, ISepw AXns\ Xmßn-\n¿Øp∂ Imf-Ifpw
(hm. 2˛5,10) (6), ]ØpsXm´n-Iƒ AYhm kph-l-\o-b-
amb Xme-߃ (hm.6), ]e-hn[ ]m{X-߃ (hm.11,14-˛18),
Be-b-Øn\p apºn-ep≈ c≠p XqWp-Ifpw Ah-bpsS
t]mXn-I-Ifpw (hm. 12,13) Xm{aw sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p D≠m-
°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. IqSmsX {]mIm-c-Øns‚ IXIv s]mXn-bp-
∂-Xn\pw (hm. 9) Xm{aw D]tbmKn®p. kqt°m-Øn\pw
sktc-Zm-sY°pw at[y Ifn-aÆ - p≈ \ne-Øp-h® - m-bn-cp∂p
Ch-sbm-s°bpw hm¿∏n-®Xv (hm.17).
hnip≤ ÿe-tØ-°p≈ ]Øp \ne-hn-f-°p-Iƒ (hm.
7,20), ]Øp-Im-gvN-b-∏-ta-i-Iƒ (hm. 8,19) s]m∂p-sIm-
≠p≈ Hcp ]oTw, (hm. 19), ]e-hn-[]
- m-{X-߃ (hm. 8,21,22)
F∂nh D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, hnip-≤-ÿ-ehpw AXn-hn-ip-
≤-ÿ-ehpw s]mXn-bp-∂-Xn\pw (hm. 22) item-tam≥
s]m∂v D]-tbm-Kn-®p. Be-b-Øn-ep≈ Imcy-߃°p-th-
≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p {][m-\-ambpw s]m∂p-]tbmKn®-Xv. AXp-
t]mse Be-b-Øn\p ]pd-Øp≈ k÷o-I-c-W-߃°p
th≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p Xm{aw {][m-\-ambpw D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv.
\nb-a-s∏-´-Iw Hgn-sI Be-b-Øn-\p-th≠ F√m
k÷o-I-c-W-ßfpw item-tam≥ sNbvXp. \nb-a-s∏-´Iw
kam-Ka-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
5:1˛10 Ct∏mƒ Be- b - Ø ns‚ ]Wn- s bm- s °bpw
]q¿Øn-bmbn (hm. 1, 1cm-P. 8ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I).
kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnip≤ D]-I-c-W-߃
Be-b-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-
ß-fmWv 2˛10 hmIy-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. \nb-a-s∏-´Iw
AXn-hn-ip-≤-ÿ-eØp ÿm]n-®p. [q]-]o-Tw, ImgvN-b-∏-
Øns‚ tai, XpS-ßnb a‰p km[-\-ß-sf√mw item-
tams‚ Be-bØ - n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂X- p-sIm≠v Hcp-
]t£ Ah-sb√mw At∏mƒ `fim-c-Øn¬ kq£n-®n-cp-
∂n-cn-°mw.
s]´Iw Npa∂ tehy¿ ]ptcm-ln-X∑ - m-cm-bn-cp∂p (hm.
4,7). Ah¿ B s]´Iw AXns‚ icn-bmb ÿm\Øv
AXm-bXv Imh¬ \nev°p∂ sIcq-_p-I-fpsS Nnd-Ip-
Iƒ°p Iogn¬ ÿm]n®p (hm. 7,8). X≠p-Iƒ s]´-I-
Øns‚ hf-b-ß-fn¬ Ccn-t°Ww F∂v ]pd. 25:15¬
451
Bhiy-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. (KJVbn¬ 9˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ ""Ducn-
sb-SpØp'' F∂p sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xp icn-b-√). 1 cmPm-
°-∑m¿ 8:8 A\p-kc - n-®v, X≠p-Iƒ \o≠n-cn-°b
- m¬ X≠p-
I-fpsS A‰-߃ A¥¿a-µn-c-Øns‚ apºn-ep≈ hnip-
≤-a-µn-c-Øn¬\n∂p ImWpw. \nb-a-Øns‚ c≠p Iev]-e-
I-Iƒ Cu ka-bØv s]´-I-Øn-\p-≈n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
5:11˛14 11-˛mw hmIy-Øns‚ c≠mw `mKØv ""]ptcm-ln-
X-∑m¿, Iqdp-I-fpsS {Iaw t\m°msX'' F∂p ]d-™n-cn-
°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w A∂v Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]ptcm-
ln-X-∑m¿ F√mw Xßsf Gev]n-®n-cp∂ tPmen-bpsS
kzm`m-hnI KXn am{Xw t\m°msX AXn¬ ]s¶-SpØp
F∂m-Wv.
bmK-]o-TØ - n\p Ing°v IqSn-\n-∂n-cp∂ tehycpw ]ptcm-
ln- X - ∑ mcpw btlm- h - b psS \∑bpw Zb- b p- t am¿Øv
Ahs\ hmgvØn kvXpXn-®-t∏mƒ btlm-h-bpsS tXP v
ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ \nd-™p, AXp-sIm≠v ]ptcm-ln-X-
∑m¿°v AIØv ip{iq-jn-∏m≥ Ign-™n-√.
6:1˛11 {]XnjvTm {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ item-tam≥ btlm-
hsb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xn\p apºmbn, bn{km-
tb-ens‚ BZna Ncn-{X-Øn¬ aX-]-c-amb Hcp Xe-ÿm-
\-\-K-cn-tbm, `cn-∏m≥ Hcp-h-s\tbm ssZhw Xnc-s™-Sp-
°m-Xn-cp∂ hn[-ß-sf-°p-dn®v P\-ßsf Hm¿∏n®p (i-ap-
thepw AXp-t]mse a‰p-≈h - cpw \mb-I∑- m-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
∂Xp kXy-amWv, F¶nepw Ah¿s°m∂pw Hcp ]c-am-[n-
Imcw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√). F∂m¬ ka-ba - m-bt- ∏mƒ, ssZhw
sbcp-i-te-ans\ Xs‚ \K-c-ambpw Zmho-Zns\ bn{km-tb-
en\p cmPm-hm-bn´pw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. Bebw ]Wn-bp-
hm≥ ZmhoZv B{K-ln-®p-sh-¶n-epw Xs‚ \√ Xmev]cyw
Xs‚ ]p{X-∑m-cn¬ Hcp-h-\m¬ \nd-th-‰-s∏-´p-. ssZh-
Øns‚ hniz-kvX-Xbv°p km£n-bm-bn-´mWv Ct∏mƒ
item-tam-≥ ChnsS \nev°p-∂-Xv.
6:12,13 6˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ apJy-`m-Khpw item-
tams‚ ka¿∏W {]m¿∞-\-bmWv (hm. 12-˛42). thZ-]p-
kvX-I-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xn¬ h®v G‰hpw
henb {]m¿∞\ CXm-Wv. AXp apgp-h≥ kvXpXnbpw
At]-£b - p-am-Wv. {]mIm-cØ- ns‚ \Sp-hn-ep≈ Hcp {]tXy-
I ]oT-Øn¬ Ib-dn-\n-∂p-sIm≠v, item-tam≥ ssIa-e-
¿Øn {]m¿∞n-®p. \µn-b¿∏n-°Ø - ° ]e Imcy-߃ Ah-
\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ir]-bm¬ ss[cy-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ X\n°v
tNmZn-t°-≠-Xmb A\-h[n Imcy-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
6:14˛17 BZy- a mbn item- t am≥ bn{km- t b- e ns‚
knwlm-k-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n {]m¿∞n-®p. Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp≈
Xs‚ DS-ºSn IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v ssZhw Ct∏mƒ
Xs‚ hm°v ]men-®n-cn-°b - m-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-kvXX
XpS¿∂pw \nh¿Øn-t°-≠Xn\v B cmPmhv {]m¿∞n-®p.
6:18˛21 Cu {]m¿∞-\-bpsS BI-Øp-Ibpw kmcmw-
ihpw Cu \mep-hm-Iy-ß-fn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-
t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ a‰p Imcy-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ tIƒ°p-
I, £an-°pI (hm. 21) F∂o {Inbm-]-Z-ß-fm¬ {]I-Sn-
∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ efn-X-amb Nn¥-I-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-
ß-fm-Wv.
452
6:22,23 btlm-h-bpsS bmK-]o-T-Øn\p apºmsI \S-
Øp∂ kXy-{]-Xn-⁄I - ƒ tI´v AXn\p \ymbw ]men®p
sImSp-∏m≥ ASp-Ø-Xmbn item-tam≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.
6:24,25 bn{km-tb¬ i{Xp-°-fm¬ tXmev]n-°-s∏-Sp-
hm≥ apJm-¥n-c-ambn Xocp∂ Ah-fpsS ]m]w £an-°-
W-sa∂v Ah≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.
6:26,27 ]m]w \nanØw hcƒ®-bp-≠m-bm¬, £an®p
ag s]øn-°-W-sa∂v Ah≥ At]-£n-®p.
6:28˛31 P\w btlm-hsb `b-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-\v, tZiØv
£matam alm-am-cntbm D≠m-bm¬ AXn¬\n-∂pw Ahsc
hnSp-hn-°Wsa∂v Ah≥ At]-£n-°p-∂p.
2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 6,7
]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS ]Zhn Ae-¶-cn-®p. btlm-
hsb kvXpXn-∏m≥ ZmhoZv cmPmhv D≠m-°nb btlm-h-
bpsS hmZy-߃ tehy¿ hmbn-®p. bn{km-tb¬ Hs°bpw
\nevt° ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ tehy¿°p apºn¬ Imlfw
DuXn.
FÆ-a‰ bmK-ßfpw hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw Xm{a-bm-K-]o-T-Øn-
t∑¿ sIm≈m-Ø-hn[w AXp Xosc sNdp-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
7:8˛10 alm-]m-]-]-cn-lm-c-Zn-\w Dƒs∏sS {]Xn-jvtTm-
’hw Ggp-Zn-hkw \o≠p-\n-∂p. AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®p
IqSm-c-s∏-cp-∂mfpw BN-cn-®-tijw item-tam≥ P\sØ
Xß-fpsS IqSm-c-ß-fnte°v ]d-™-b-®p.

6:32,33 ]c-tZ-in-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ hen-b-\maw hnfn-
®-t]-£n-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿ ssZh-{]-hrØn ImWp-hm≥
CS-bm-tI-≠-Xn\v Ah¿°p-th≠n {]h¿Øn-t°-W-sa∂v
Xm≥ ]d-bp-∂p.
6:34,35 bp≤-Øn¬ hnPbw \evIW
- s
- a∂v Xm≥ At]-
£n-°p-∂p.
6:36˛39 P\w A\p-X-]n®p Xß-fpsS ZpjvSX hn´p
Xncn-bp-tºmƒ {]hm-k-Øn¬ \n∂v Ahsc hnSp-hn-°-W-
sa∂v Xm≥ At]-£n-°p-∂p.
6:40˛42 aq∂p Imcy-߃
- tNmZn-®p-sIm≠v item-tam≥
Xs‚ {]m¿∞\ Ah-km-\n-∏n-®p. Xs‚ {]m¿∞\ AwKo-
I-cn-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂v Xm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p, btlm-h-bpsS
Be-b-Øn¬ ip{iqj sNøp∂ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿°p
kt¥m-jhpw Zbbpw Iev]n-t°-≠-Xn\v At]-£n-®p.
Xs‚ ]nXm-hmb Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ henb
kvt\lw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n, Xt∂mSpw Zb-bp-≠m-I-W-
sa∂v item-tam≥ At]-£n-®p.
At]-£I - ƒ am{Xta Cu {]m¿∞-\b - n¬ D≈p-sh∂v
\mw Nn¥n- ° p- ∂ - ] - £ w, Hcn- ° ¬IqSn \ap- ° - X n- t e-
s°m∂p Xncn-™p-t\m-°mw. ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-Kp-W-
߃ ChnsS \∂mbn ssIImcyw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ssZh-
Øns‚ AXp-eyX (hm. 14), Zb (hm. 14) hnin-jvSX
(hm.18) hen∏w (A-\-¥-X) (hm.18) k¿∆-hym-]nXzw (hm.
18) \oXn (hm. 23) Zo¿L-£a (hm. 25,27 apX-em-b-h)
k¿∆-⁄Xzw (hm. 30) IcpW (hm. 33) a\- -enhv (hm.
38,39) F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v item-tam-≥ ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-
®n-cn-°p-∂p.
Chsb IqSmsX ssZh-Øns‚ k¿∆-i-‡nXzhpw
hnip-≤nbpw AXn-ep-S-\ofw kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
7:1˛7 item-tam≥ {]m¿∞n-®p-I-gn-™-bp-S≥ BIm-i-
Øp-\n∂p Xo Cdßn tlma-bm-Khpw l\-\b - m-Khpw Zln-
∏n-®p. btlm-h-bpsS tXP pw Be-b-Øn¬ \nd-™p.
btlm-hb - psS tXP v Be-bØ
- n¬ Cd-ßn-h∂ - Xp I≠-
t∏mƒ P\w btlm-hsb Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw al-Xz-s∏-Sp-
Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v I¬°-f-Øn¬ kmjvSmwKw
hoWp \a-kv°-cn-®p. A\-¥cw item-tam\pw P\hpw
tN¿∂v Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p Imf-I-sfbpw BSp-am-Sp-I-
sfbpw btlm-hbv°p bmK-a¿∏n-®p.
7:11˛16 item-tam≥ Be-bhpw X\n-°p≈ cmP-[m-
\nbpw ]WnXp Ign-™t- ∏mƒ A∂p cm{Xn-bn¬ btlmh
hmKvZ-Ø-ßfpw ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-I-fp-ambn item-tam\p {]Xy-
£-\m-bn. ssZhw hcƒ®-tbm, alm-am-cn-tbm, sh´p-°n-
fntbm P\-Øn-s‚-bn-S-bn¬ Ab-®m¬, Ah¿ Xß-sf-
Øs∂ XmgvØn {]m¿∞n-®p, btlm-h-bpsS apJw At\z-
jn®v Xß-fpsS Zp¿Ωm¿§-ßsf hn´p-Xn-cn-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬,
Ah≥ Ah-cpsS ]m]-ßsf £an®v Ahsc ]p\-cp-≤-cn-
°pw.
Cu ]pkvXIw samØ-Øn¬ IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ
AXnse kph¿Æ hmIy-amWv Cu 14-˛mw hmIyw. Xnc-
s™-Sp-°-s∏´ bn{km-tb¬ P\-Xsb A`n-kw-t_m-[\
sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWv {]mcw-`-Øn¬ CXv Fgp-X-s∏-´-sX-¶n-
epw, thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-c-amb Hcp ]mc-º-cy-ap≈ F√m P\-
߃°pw AXp btYm-NnXw _m[-I-am-Wv. F°m-eØpw
bYm-ÿm-\-Øn-te°pw DW¿∆n-te-°p-ap≈ bYm¿∞-
]mX CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. hyh-ÿ-Iƒ ]men-°-s∏-´m¬
hmKvZØ \nhr-Øo-I-cWw Dd-∏m-Wv.
sP. _m¿´≥ s]bvt\ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-ß-fnse \∂mbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu
t{ijvT hmIy-sØ-t∏mse item-tams‚ tZisØ kw_-
‘n- t ®m, F{km- b p- t S- t Xm, AYhm \ΩpsS Xs∂
tZisØ kw_-‘nt®m D≈ A\p-{K-l-Øns‚ Hcp
ssZhoI Bh- i y- t Im- ] m[n {]I- S n- ∏ n- ° p∂ as‰mcp
hmIyhpw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-en-√. hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Xß-
fpsS ]m]-ßsf Dt]-£n®v kzbm-{ib Pohn-X-coXn hn´p-
Xn-cn-™v ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\pw ssZh-ln-X-Øn\pw Iog-S-
tß- W w. At∏mƒ am{Xta kz¿§w DW¿∆v Ab-
bv°bp≈q (7).
7:17˛22 item-tam≥ ssZh-ap-ºmsI A\p-k-c-W-ap-≈-
h-\mbn \S-∂m¬, Ah≥ Xs‚ knwlm-k\w ÿnc-am-
°p-Ibpw item-tams‚ ]n≥Km-an-Isf AXn-en-cp-Øp-
Ibpw sNøpw. {]Xyp-X, item-tam\pw Xs‚ P\hpw
A\y-tZ-h∑ - m¿°p-th≠n btlm-hsb XyPn-®p-If
- ™
- m¬,
Ah≥ Ahsc {]hm-k-Øn-e-bv°p-I-bpw, Bebw Dt]-
£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Aßs\ Ah¿ PmXn-I-fp-sS-bn-S-
bn¬ Hcp ]cn-lm-k-]m-{Xhpw km£y-hp-ambn Xocpw.
B.C. 586 ¬ Bebw \in-∏n-°-s∏-´p-sh∂v \ap-°-dn-
 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 8,9,10
bm-sa-¶nepw Bebw F°m-eØpw \ne-\n-ev°p-sa∂v 16-
˛mw hmIyw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Xo¿®-
bm-bpw, bn{km-tb-ens‚ A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw hniz-kvX-
X-bnepw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amWv ssZho-I-hm-KvZØw F∂p-
≈-XmWv AXn-\p≈ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. P\w hn{K-lm-cm-[n-
I-fmbn Xo¿∂m¬ ssZhw Be-bsØ ]cn-Xy-Pn°pw
F∂v 19,20 hmIy-߃ {]tXyIw ap∂-dn-bn∏p \evIp-∂p.
C. item-tam≥ Xs‚ kIe hn[-amb {]Xm-]-
Ønepw (8:1˛9:28)
8:1˛6 hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ item-tams‚ t\´-ß-
sf-°p-dn®pw hnP-b-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-amWv ChnsS \mw hmbn-
°p-∂-Xv. BZy-ambn Xm≥ k`m-\-K-c-߃, cY-\-K-c-߃,
Dd-∏p≈ ]´-W-߃, a‰p ÿm]-\-߃ F∂nh ]Wn-bp-
Itbm, ]nSn-®-S-°p-Itbm sNbvXp-sIm-≠v, \mK-cn-I-ambn
hn]p-e-amb \ne-bn-ep≈ Hcp ]ptcm-K-a-\ ]≤Xn \S-∏n-
em-°n.
8:7˛10 Ah≥ I\m-\ysc X\n°v ASn-a-I-fm°n Dugn-
b-the sNøn-®-t∏mƒ, bn{km-tb-eysc tbm≤m-°fpw,
tk\m-\m-bI t{ijvT-∑mcpw A[n-]-∑m-cp-am°n Xo¿Øp
(8)
. ßfpw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\pw D]-tbm-Kn-®p. item-tams‚
8:11 btlm-h-bpsS s]´Iw Ahn-sS sIm≠p-h-∂-Xp-
sIm≠v AXp hnip-≤-am-sW∂p ]d™v ^d-thms‚
]p{Xn-bmb Xs‚ `mcysb Ac-a-\-bn¬ ]m¿°p-hm≥
item-tam≥ A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Ac-a-\-bv°p-
≈n¬ s]´Iw {]th-in-®p-sh∂v CXn-\¿∞-an-√. t\sc-a-
dn®v B Ac-a\ Be-bØ - n-en-cn-°p∂ s]´-IØ- n\p kao-
]-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXp hnip-≤-am-Wv F∂m-W¿∞-am-°p-∂-
Xv. Ahsf {]tXyI hk-Xn-bn¬ ]m¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \nb-
{¥Ww G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-¶n-epw, \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬, Ahsf
hn{K-lm-cm-[\
- b
- n-te°v \bn-°p-∂X - n¬\n∂pw \nb-{¥n-°p-
hm≥ item-tam\p Ign-™n√ (1-cm-P. 11:1˛8).
8:12˛16 aX-]-c-amb Ie-≠-d-\p-k-cn-®p≈ bmK-ßfpw
hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw \S-Øp-∂X
- n¬ cmPmhv {i≤m-ep-hm-bn-cp-∂p.
Xs‚ ]nXm- h mb Zmho- Z ns‚ \nb- a - { ]- I mcw Ah≥
]ptcmln-X-∑m-scbpw tehy-scbpw {Ia-a-\p-k-cn®v ip{iq-
j-Iƒ°mbn \nb-an-®p.
Bcw-`w apX¬ Ah-km-\w-hsc item-tams‚ {]hr-
Øn-sbm-s°bpw icn-bmb hn[-Øn¬ {Iao-Ir-X-am-bn-cp-
∂p.
8:17,18 HSp-hn-embn lqcm-ans‚ ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øn-ep≈
item-tams‚ kap-{Z-Xoc I®-h-S-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \mw hmbn-
°p-∂p. Ftkym≥ tKsk-cn\pw Gteym-Øn\pw Hm^o-
cn\pw at≤y-bm-bn-cp∂p I∏-ep-Iƒ k©-cn-®n-cp-∂X - v. (sN-
¶-S-ens‚ (A-°m_m Dƒ°-S¬) Ingt° imJ-bpsS
hSt° A‰-Øm-bn-´mWv Ah c≠pw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv)
(9)
. Hm^o¿ sX°≥ Atd-_y-bn-em-sW∂pw, Ing-°≥
B{^n-°-bn-em-sW∂pw As√-¶n¬ C¥y-bn-em-sW-∂p-
ap≈ ]e-hn[ A`yq-l-ß-fp-≠v.
9:1˛9 ti_m-cm⁄n item-tams‚ Io¿Øn-tI-´n-´v,
453
Ahs\ ImtW-≠-Xn\v km¿∞-hm-l-I-kw-L-tØm-
sSm∏w A\-h[n kΩm-\-ß-fp-am-sb-Øn. Ahs‚ cmP-
Xz-Øns‚ al-Xzw-I≠v ITn\ IS-sam-gn-I-fm¬ Ahs\
]co-£n® cm⁄n AXy-[nIw B›-cy-s∏-´p. item-
tams‚ Io¿Øn-bpsS ]mXn-t]mepw Xm≥ Adn-™n-cp-
∂n√ F∂v Ahƒ kΩ-Xn-®p. Ahs‚ ssZh-Øns‚
{]oXn-bmWv item-tams‚ kar-≤n-bpsS Imc-W-sa∂v
Ahƒ a\- n-em-°n.
9:10˛12 item-tams‚ Nne kº-Øp-°-fpsS Dd-hn-S-
ßsf°pdn®p ]d-bp-∂-Xn\pw AZzn-Xo-bhpw at\ml-c-hp-
amb Nne D]-tbm-K-߃°mbn AXv hn\n-tbm-Kn-®-Xns\
Ipdn®p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw-th≠n 10,11 hmIy-߃
Chn-SpsØ hnh-c-WsØ XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. ti_m-
cm⁄n kztZ-i-tØ°p aS-ßn-t∏m-b-t∏mƒ, Ahƒ
sIm≠p-h-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ IqSp-X¬ kΩm-
\-߃ item-tam≥ Ahƒ°v sImSp-Ø-b-®p.
9:13˛28 item-tam\v Hmtcm B≠nepw Adp-\q-‰-dp-]-
Øm-dn¬]cw Xme¥v s]m∂v e`n-®n-cp-∂p. AXn¬ Hcw-
iw ]cn-NI- ƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂X - n-\pw, Xs‚ Z¥-knw-lm-k\w
s]mXn-bp-∂-Xn-\pw, ]m\-]m-{X-ßfpw Krtlm-]-I-c-W-
alXzw ImcWw `qan-bnse kIe cmPm-°∑ - m-cn¬\n∂pw
Ah\v [\hpw am\hpw e`n-®p. X¿io-in-te-°p≈ apgp-
h≥ Zqchpw Ahs‚ hym]mcw hym]n®p (X¿ioiv
kvs]bn-\m-em-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww) (10) IpXn-c-Iƒ (11) `q{]tZ-
i-߃, sh≈n, tZh-Zmcp F∂n-h-bpsS s]cp-∏-Ønepw
Ah≥ [\-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]Sn-™m-dv, bq{^-´okv \Zn-ap-
X-ep≈ `q{]-tZ-i-߃ Ahs‚ A[o-\-X-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
AXv bn{km-tb-ens‚ `mK-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®n-cp-∂n-s√-
¶n-epw, Ah\p I∏w sImSp-°p∂ B{inX cmPy-ß-fmbn
Ah IW-°m-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.
D. item-tams‚ acWw (9:29˛31)
\mev]Xp h¿jsØ `c-W-Øn-\p-tijw item-tam≥
acn-®p. Ahs‚ aI-\mb scl-s_bmw Ah\p ]Icw
cmPm-hm-bn. 29-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂
Imt\m-\n-I-a-√mØ ]pkvX-I-߃, Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-°m-c≥
hnj-b-k-lm-bn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xm-hmw. F∂m¬ AXn-
\p-tijw Ah \jvS-s∏-´p.
II. cmPy-hn-`-P\w (A.10)
10:1˛5 scl-s_bmw Xs‚ DZvLm-S\
- t- Øm-Sp≈ _‘-
Øn¬ titJ-an-te°p t]mIp-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®Xv Hcp-
]s£ hSt° tKm{X-ßsf A\p-c-⁄n-∏n-°p-hm-\m-bn-
cn-°mw. item-tam≥ Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ Npa-Øn-bn-cp∂ `mc-
ap≈ \pIw eLq-I-cn-®m¬ Xs∂ tkhn°mw F∂v P\w
Ah\p hm°p sImSp-Øp. ""F√m bn{km-tbepw'' (hm.
3) F∂p-h-®m¬, hSt° tKm{X-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ {]Xn-\n-
[n-Iƒ F∂¿∞w. P\-ß-fpsS Bhiyw hnNn-¥\w
sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n aq∂p Znhkw scl-s_bmw Bh-
iy-s∏-´p.
454 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 10,11,12
10:6˛11 Xs‚ ]nXm-hmb item-tams\ tkhn-®n-cp∂
hr≤-∑m-tcmSv scl-s_bmw BZyw Btem-N\ tNmZn-
®p. P\-ß-fpsS hm°p-tI´v AX-\p-k-cn®p sNøp-hm≥
Ah¿ Ah- t \mSp ]d- ™ p. At∏mƒ hr≤- ∑ m- c psS
Btem-N\ \nc-kn-®p-sIm≠v Ah≥ bu∆-\-°m-tcmSv
Btem-N\ tNmZn-®p. IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-amb adp-]Sn
Ah\v Ah-cn¬ \n∂p-amWv e`n-®-Xv. P\-ß-tfmSp ]cp-
j-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ Ah-t\m-Sp Bh-iy-s∏-
´p.
10:12˛19 aq∂p-Zn-hkw Ign-™v aS-ßn-h∂ P\w, cmPm-
hns‚ `oj-Wn-hm-°p-Iƒ tI´-t∏mƒ sbmtcm-s_-bm-ans‚
t\Xr-Xz-Øn-¬ a’-cn-®p. A_obm {]hm-N-I≥ apJm-
¥ncw Acp-fn-s®-ø-s∏´ ssZhoI hN-\-߃ \nhr-Øo-
I-cn-®p-sIm≠v cmPyw hn`-Pn-°-s∏´p (1-cm-Pm.11:29ambn
Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I). Np¶w ]ncnhpImc-\mb ltZmcmw
sIme-sN-ø-s∏´p Ign-™-t∏mƒ, scl-s_bmw sbcp-i-
te-an-te°p HmSn-t∏m-bn. AhnsS sblq-Z, s_\ym-an≥
tKm{X-ß-fpsS ta¬ `c-Ww \S-Øn. hneyw-kns‚ A`n-
{]mbw t\m°p-I.
a\p-jys‚ hnIm-c] - c
- a
- mb {]hr-Øn-sIm-t≠m, kzm`m-
hnI kw`-h-hn-Im-k-߃sImt≠m \nhr-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´
thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse a‰p-]e {]h-N-\-߃°mbpw kam-
\-amb Hcp ZrjvSm-¥-amWv Alo-bm-hns‚ Cu {]h-N-\-
\n-hr-Øo-I-cWw \evIp-∂-Xv. hnjbw ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-
sW∂pw AXv Xs‚ hN-\-Øns‚ \n¿∆-l-W-Øn-\mbn
Ah-\m¬ A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-
Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh∂pw a\- n-em-Im-sX, Xß-fpsS
kz¥ Xmev]c - y-a\
- p-kc
- n®pw kz¥ ]≤-Xn-{]-Im-chpw Imcy-
߃ sNøp-∂p-sh-∂mWv a\p-jy¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv (12).
III. blq-Z-cmPyw (11:1˛36:19)
A. cmPm-hmb scl-s_bmw (A. 11,12)
11:1˛4 scl-s_bmw sbcp-i-te-an-te°p aS-ßn-t∏m-b-
t∏mƒ, Hcp B`y-¥c bp≤w Hgn-hm-°p-hm≥ th≠n
btlmh {]hm- N - I - \ mb sia- ø m- h n- e qsS CS- s ]- ´ p,
""CuImcyw Fs‚ lnX-Øm¬ kw`-hn-®p-Xm-I-sIm≠v''
]q¿∆-ÿnXn AwKo-I-cn-°-W-sa∂v Ah≥ scl-s_-bm-
an-t\mSp ]d-™p. hnth-I-]-c-am-bp≈ Btem-N\ apºv
scl-s_bmw sNhn-s°m-≠n-√, ]t£ Ct∏mƒ Ah-\Xv
A\p-k-cn-®p. Cu cmPy-߃ XΩn¬ F∂pw t]mcm-´-am-
bn-cp∂p (12:15), F∂m¬ ]q¿Æ i‡n-tbm-sS-bp≈ Hcp
bp≤w Hgn-hm-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Zmho-Zns‚ hwi-tØmSp Iqdp-
≠m-bn-cp∂ sXt° cmPy-Ønse F√m-hs - c-bp-amWv ""blq-
Z-bnepw s_\ym-an-\n-ep-ap≈ F√m bn{km-t-bepw'' (hm.3)
F∂ kwt_m-[\sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.
11:5˛12 blq-Z-bv°p-th≠n Dd-∏p≈ ]´-W-߃ ]Wn-
bp-∂-Xn\p cmPmhv Xs‚ kº-Øns‚ A[n-I-]¶pw D]-
tbm-Kn-®p. sbcp-i-te-an\p sX°p-ÿm-]n® {]Xn-tcm-[-\-
K-c-߃ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, an{k-bo-ays‚ B{I-a-WsØ
Xm≥ `b-∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂mWv.
11:13˛17 Cu ka- b - Ø v , sbmtcm- s _bmw hSt°
cmPysØ {]mIr-X-amb hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-te°p \bn®p
(1-cm-P.12) X∑qew btlmhm `‡n-bp≈ ]ptcm-ln-X-
∑mcpw tehycpw blq-Z-bn-te°p ]em-b\w sNbvXp.
ssZh-amb btlm-hsb At\z-jn-°p-hm≥ a\- p≈
Ghcpw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w sblq-Z-bn-te°p HmSn-t∏m-∂-Xn-
\m¬ scl-s_-bm-an-s‚ cmPyw i‡n-s∏-´p. sbcp-i-te-
an-te°p h∂-Xp-sIm-≠v, Ah-cpsS ]pev]p-d-ßfpw Ah-
Im-i-ß-fpw kvt\ln-Xcpw Aßs\ AhnsS Ah¿°p-
≠m-bn-cp-∂-sXm-s°bpw \jvS-s∏-´p.
11:18˛23 scl-s_-bm-an\pw At\Iw `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p, F¶nep A°m-cy-Øn¬ Xs‚ ]nXm-hn-t\mSv Xs∂
Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah\v ]Xn-
s\´v `mcy-am-cpw, Adp-]Xp sh∏m-´n-I-fpw. Ccp-]-Øn-sb´p
]p{X-∑m-cpw, Adp-]Xp ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. t]cn-\m¬
{]Xn-]m-Zn-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p∂ `mcy-am-sc√mw Xs∂-bn-{km-tb-
ense cmP-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ \n∂p≈hcm-bn-cp-∂p, PmXob
kv{XoIƒ Bcpw-X-s∂-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
12:1˛4 1cm-Pm-°∑m¿ 14:22˛24 hmIy-ß-fn¬, scl-s_-
bm-ans‚ Nne aX-{`w-i-߃ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ, Zn\-
hr-Øm-¥-Øn¬, ""Ah≥ btlm-h-bpsS \ymb-{]-amWw
Dt]-£n-®p-sh-∂pw, ""btlm-h-sb At\z-jn-t°-≠-Xn\v
a\- p-h® - n√'' (hm.14) F∂pw am{Xta ]d-bp-∂p-≈p. i‡-
\mb item-tam≥ cmPmhv acn®p Npcp-ßnb A©p-h¿jw
]n∂n-´t- ∏m-tg°pw sbcp-it- e-ans‚ ]Sn-hm-Xn¬°¬ Ah-
cpsS kº-Øp-°ƒ A]-l-cn-°p-hm≥ Ct∏mƒ an{k-bo-
ay-¿ FØn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. scl-s_-bm-ans‚ Dd-∏p≈
]´-W-߃sIm≠v bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-ap-≠m-bn-√.
an{k-bo-ans‚ ssk\n-I-]-c-amb anI-hp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-
√, ioi°v blq-Zsb tXmev]n-®Xv, {]XypX btlm-h-
tbm-Sp≈ blq-Z-bpsS Ahn-iz-kvXX \nan-Ø-am-bn-cp-∂p.
12:5˛8 {]hm-NI
- \
- mb sia-ømhv c≠mw {]mh-iyw scl-
s_-bm-ans‚ ASp-°¬ h∂v (11:2 ImWp-I). \mi-sØ-
°p- d n- ® p≈ Xs‚ ktµ- i - a - d n- b n- ® - t ∏mƒ, cmPmhpw
blqZm {]`p-°-∑mcpw btlm-h-bpsS apºmsI Xß-sf-
Øs∂ XmgvØn-b-Xp-sIm≠v hcp-hm-\n-cp∂ in£m-hn-
[nsb Ahs‚ \oXn A\p-`h - n-®d - n-bp-hm-\n-Sb - m-bn. btlm-
h-bpsS Zbbpw Icp-Wbpw \nan-Øw, X¬£Ww Hcp
hnSp-X¬ sImSp-Øp-sh-¶n-epw, btlm-hsb tkhn-°p-∂-
Xpw, Xßsf XS-hn-em-°nb A\y-tZ-isØ tkhn-°p-
∂Xpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw a\- n-em-°-Ø° \ne-bn-
ep≈ thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb Hcp ]mTw IqSm-sX-b√ AXp
sNbvX-Xv.
12:9˛12 P\- ß ƒ Poh- t \msS tijn- ® p- s h- ¶ n¬
Xs∂bpw cmPyw sIm≈-b-Sn-°-s∏-´p. kml-N-cy-ß-fp-
ambn Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØmfw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-hm≥ scl-
s_bmw {ian-®p. s]m∂p-sIm-≠p≈ ]cn-N-Iƒ°p-]-Icw
Ah≥ Xm{a ]cn-N-Iƒ ÿm]n-®p, ssZhnI in£m-hn-[n-
bn¬ (Xm-{aw) ssZh-{]o-Xnbpw ssZhnI km∂n-≤yhpw
(s]m-∂v) am‰n-ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´p-sh∂v a\x-]q¿∆-a-s√-¶nepw
AXn-\m¬ Xm≥ hni-Z-am-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p (13).
 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 12,13,14,15
12:13˛16 Ah≥ tZmjw sNbvXp, Xs‚ ]nXm-°-∑m-
sc-t∏mse \n{Z {]m]n-®p-sh∂ {]kvXm-h-\-tbmsS scl-
s_-bm-ans‚ Ncn{Xw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂p. 14˛-m hmIyw,
k¶o. 27:8 ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp ]Tn-°ptºmƒ scl-
s_-bm-apw, Xs‚ ]nXm-a-l-\mb ZmhoZpw XΩn-ep≈
hyXymkw ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. ZmhoZv btlm-h-bpsS
apJw At\z-jn-®p, scl-s_bmw AXp sNbvXn-√.
B. cmPm-hm-b A_o-bmhv (A. 13)
13:1˛3 A_o-bmhv sbcp-it- e-anse ASpØ cmPm-hmbn
aq∂p kwh-’cw hmWp. Ahs‚ AΩ-bpsS t]cv
aoJmbm (14) F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Zmho-Zn-s\-t∏mse Ah≥
btlm- h - b psS hgn- I - f n¬ \S- ∂ n- √ , F∂v Ahs‚
]m]sØ Ipdn®v 1 cmP. 15˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-
°p-∂p. sbmtcm-s_-bm-hpam-bn-´p-ff Hcp bp≤w HgnsI
A_o-bm-hns‚ `c-W-Ønse as‰√m Imcy-ßfpw Zn\-hy-
Øm-¥-Øn¬ hn´p If™ncn°p-∂p.
13:4˛12 bp≤-Øn\p apºp≈ Xs‚ {]kw-KØ - n¬, Zmho-
Zn\pw Ahs‚ k¥-Xn°pw cmPyw \¬In-bXp ssZh-am-
sW∂v A_o- b mhv sbmtcm- s _- b m- a ns\ Hm¿∏n®p.
ZmhoZy hwi-tØmSp a’-cn®v sbmtcm-s_-bmw, \oN-
∑mcpw \nkm-c-∑m-cp-amb Hcp kwLsØ H∂n®p Iq´n
at\m-_-e-an√mØ \n -lm-b-\mb scl-s_-bm-hn-t\mSp
t]mcm- S p- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. IqSmsX ssk\y _lpXzw
sIm≠pw s]m≥ Imf-Ip-´n-aq-ehpw hnPbw t\Sm-sa∂v
bn{km-tb¬ hnNm-cn-®p. ssZhoIm-[n-Im-c-an-√msX a\p-
jy\p {]th-in-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ I]S ]u-tcm-lnXzw
bn{km-tb-en¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ AXn\p
hncp-≤-ambn, blp-Zm-tehy ]utcmln-XzsØ apdpsI
]nSn®p;\n¿±njvS coXn-bn¬ Ct∏mgpw btlm-hbv°
ip{iqj sNbvXp t]mcp-∂p. blqZm ssk\y-Øns‚ Xe-
h≥ btlm-h-bm-bn-cp∂p; IqSmsX Ahs‚ ]ptcm-ln-X-
∑m¿ bn{km-tb-en\p t\sc [z\n∏nt°-≠-Xn\v Iml-f-
hp-ambn Ah-tcmSp IqsS-bp-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v btlm-h-
bmb ssZh-tØmSp t]mcm-Sp-∂Xp hSs° cmPysØ
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw t`mj-Ø-am-bn-cp-∂p.
13:13˛18 A_o-bm-hns‚ hm°p-Iƒ {i≤n-°msX
sbmtcm-s_bmw Hcp ]Xn-bn-cn∏p kwL-Sn-∏n®p. B ]Xn-
bn-cn∏v blqZtbmSSp-Øt- ∏mƒ, P\w btlm-ht- bmSp \ne-
hn-f-°p-Ibpw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ Imlfw DuXp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. blq-Zbv°p hen-sbmcp hnPbw \¬In-sIm≠v
btlmh Ah¿°p-Ø-c-a-cp-fn. bn{km-tb-en¬ A©p
e£w t{ijv T tbm≤m- ° ƒ lX- ∑ m- c mbn hoWp
ssZhsØ hn´p ]n≥am-dn-t∏m-b-Xn\p sImSp-t°≠nh∂
kw{`-a-P-\-I-amb Hcp hne!
13:19˛22 bn{kmtb-ens\ ]p¿Æ-ambn tXm¬∏n-°p-hm≥
km[n-®n-s√-¶n-epw, A_o-bmhv ]nt∂bpw `q{]-tZ-i-߃
]nSn-®-S-°n. ]n¬°m-eØv btlm-h-bm¬ _m[n-°-s∏´
sbmtcm-s_-bm-ans‚ \jvSw iq\y-am-Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂m¬ A_obmhv i‡\pw kay- ≤ n- b p- f - f - h - \ p-
ambnXo¿∂p.
455
C. Bkm cmPmhv (A. 14˛16)
14:1,2 Bkmsb Ipdn®pw Xs‚ \mev]-Øn-sbm∂p
h¿jsØ `c-WsØ Ipdn-®p-apff kw£n]vX hnh-cWw
ASpØ aq∂-≤ym-b-߃ \¬Ip-∂p. Cu A≤y-b-ß-tfm-
sSm∏w 1cmPm-°-∑m¿ 15:9˛24 hmIy-ßfpw hmbn-t°-≠-
Xp-≠v. Ign™ A≤ym-bsØ Cu A≤ym-b-hp-ambn
_‘n-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]me-amWv H∂m-asØ hmIyw.
F{_mb ss__n-fn¬ 14-˛mw A≤ymbw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv
c≠m-asØ hmIy-tØm-sS-bm-Wv.
14:3˛8 Bkm-bpsS kam-[m-\] - c
- a
- mb `c-WØ
- ns‚ Dd-
hnSw btlm-h-tbm-Sp≈ Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øns‚ at\m-`m-
h-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS ]e ]m]-ßfpw
Ah≥ Dt]-£n-°p-Ib - pw, btlm-hsb At\z-jn-°p-hm≥
P\-tØmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs‚ cmPyØp
\n∂pw hn{K-lm-cm-[\ XpS®p \o°p-∂-Xn¬ XojvWX
ImWn-®p-sIm≠v Ah≥ AXn-\p≈ am¿§w sXfn®p (15).
Cu hn{i-aI - m-eØv Bkm ]´-Wß - ƒ ]WnXv Dd-∏n-°bpw
hen-sbmcp ssk\ysØ kzcq-]n-°bpw sNbvXp.
14:9˛15 ]Øp-e£w Bfp-Ifpw ap∂qdp cY-ß-fp-a-S-
ßp∂ Iqiy-ssk-\y-Øm¬ blq-Z-bpsS kam-[m\w
ewLn-°s - ∏-´p. F¶nepw btlm-hb
- n-ep≈ B{i-bØ
- m¬
blq-Z-bpsS sNdnb ssk\yw hnP-bn-®p. i{Xp-°sf
Jfin-X-ambn ]mbn-®p-I-f-™p.
11-˛mw hmIy-Ønse Bkm-bpsS {]m¿∞-\ Npcp-°hpw
F∂m¬ a¿Ω {][m-\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. bp≤-Øn¬ hmIvNm-
Xp-cy-Øn-\p≈ ka-ba - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p, ]t£ {]m¿∞n-°p∂
hy‡n Bkm-sb-t∏mse ssZh-hp-ambn icn-bmb _‘w
]pe¿Øp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, \ncm-ib - psS A\p-`h
- Ø
- n¬ \n∂pw
DS-se-SpØ {]m¿∞\Iƒ hfsc ^e-{]-Z-am-Wv. Ah≥
kam-[m-\t- ØmsS btlm-hsb ]n≥]-‰n-bn-cp-∂X - p-sIm-≠v,
bp≤-Øn¬ ssZhw Ahs\ Icp-Xn-s°m-≈p-sa∂v Ah-
\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. blqZm ]´-W-amb amtc-i-bn¬ XpS-
ßnb bp≤w Ah-km-\n-®Xv s^en-kvXy-bnse sKcm-cn\p
Np‰p-ap≈ ]´-W-ß-fn-em-bn-cp-∂p. At\-I¿ sIm√-s∏-´p,
Ah¿ \mev°m-en-I-fpsS IqSm-c-ß-sf- B{I-an-®v, A\-
h[n sIm≈ km[-\-ßfpw arK-ß-fp-ambn sbcp-i-te-an-
te°p aS-ßn-t∏m-Ibpw sNbvXp.
15:1˛6 AXn-am-{X-amb B Ak-a-Xz-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈
hnP-b-Øn¬ Bkmbpw Xs‚ Bfp-Ifpw kt¥m-jn-®p-
√-kn®p Ah¿ sbcp-i-te-an-te°p aS-ßp∂ Ah-k-c-
Øn¬, Ah¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp ]mTw btlm-h-bpsS
]°-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. BZy-ambn Ak-cymhv Ahsc Hm¿∏n-
®-Xv, Ah¿ btlm-hsb At\z-jn®XpsIm≠v Ah≥
Ah-tcmSp IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p, F∂m¬ Ah¿ Ahs\
Dt]-£n-®m¬ Ah≥ Ah-scbpw Dt]-£n-°pw. bn{km-
tb¬ Xß-fpsS ssZhsØ At\I XhW Dt]-£n-
s®-∂Xp Ncn{Xw sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. XXv^e- a
- mbn Ah¿°p
kam-[m-\-an-√m-Xm-Ibpw Ah¿ i{Xp-°-fm¬ \nc-¥cw
]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ P\w btlm-
hsb At\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ, Ah≥ £an-°p-hm\pw ]p\-cp-
456 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 15,16,17
≤-cn-°p-hm\pw Ft∏mgpw Xøm-dp-≈h
- \
- m-sW∂v Ah¿ a\-
 n-em-°n.
15:7 CXp-hsc Bkm btlm-hsb At\z-jn-®-X-p-
t]mse B \√ {]hrØn XpS-cp-hm≥ Ak-cymhv Ahs\
t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®p. Cu Ncn{X hnh-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂p-
sIm≠v 7˛-mw hmIyw Hm¿Øp-h-bv°p-hm≥ tbmKy-amb
H∂m-Wv. ""F∂m¬ \n߃ ss[cy-am-bn-cn-∏o≥, \nß-fpsS
ssIIƒ Xf¿∂p-t]m-I-cp-Xv, \nß-fpsS {]hr-Øn°p
{]Xn-^ew D≠mIpw''! C∂sØ hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈
_‘-Øn¬ AXn\p kam-\-amb hmIyw 1sIm-cn. 15:58
BWv.
15:8˛15 HmtZ-Zns‚ aI-\mb Ak-cym-hn-s\-bm-bn-
cn°mw ""HmtZZv'' (hm. 8) F∂p kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
(N.K.J.V am¿Pn≥ t\m°p-I). AXoh Xmev]-cy-tØm-Sp-
Iq-Sn-bmWv {]hm-N-Is‚ hm°p-I-tfm-Sv cmPmhv {]Xn-I-cn-
®-Xv. Xs‚ kz¥-tZ-iamb blq-Z-bn¬ \n∂p am{X-a-√,
Xm≥ bp≤-Øn¬ ]nSn® F{^bow ]´-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-
t]mepw IqSp-X¬ hn{K-lß - sf D∑q-e\w sNbvXp-sIm≠v
(14:3 ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I). Xs‚ \ho-IcW ]≤-Xn-
Iƒ Ah≥ DS-\Sn h¿≤n-∏n-®p. Ah≥ bmK-]oTw Be-
b-Øn¬ ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°bpw bmK-ß-fm¬ AXp hnip-
≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah≥ sbcp-i-te-an¬ Hcp
hnip-≤-k-`m-tbmKw hnfn-®p-Iq-´n, Iqiy-cp-am-bp≈ bp≤-
Øn¬ e`n® sIm≈-bpsS Hcp `mKw bmK-]o-T-Øn¬
btlm-hbv°p bmKw A¿∏n-°-bpw, btlm-hsb At\z-
jn-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v P\-ß-sf-s°m≠v Hcp \nbaw sNøn-
°bpw sNbvXp. `n∂m-`n-{]m-b-°m¿°v Ah≥ bmsXm-c-
h-k-chpw tijn-∏n-®n-√. \nbaw A\p-k-cn-°m-Ø-h¿ ac-
W-in£ A\p-`-hn-t°Ww (hm.13).
15:16˛19 Bkm cmPmhv Xs‚ hey-Ω-bmb (A-hs‚
kz¥w AΩ-b-√) (16) ab-J-sbbpw cm⁄n ÿm\-Øp-
\n∂p \o°n-°-f-Ibpw. Ah-fpsS tæ— hn{Klw \in-∏n-
®p If-Ibpw sNbvXp. 17-˛mw hmIy-Øns‚ hymJym-\-
Øn\p 14:3˛8 hmIy- ß - f psS Ipdn∏v t\m°p- I .
kºØpIsfm-s°bpw kzbw ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-ØmsX
Ah Be-b-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂p. Ak-cymhv apJm-¥ncw
btlmh hmKvZØw sNbvX-Xp-t]mse Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-
Iƒs°m- s °bpw {]Xn- ^ ew \ev I - s ∏- ´ p, Ahs‚
ImeØv tZiØv kam-[m-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
16:1 Bk-bpsS ac-W-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-\m-fp-I-fn¬,17
bn{km-tb¬ cmPm-hmb _sbim Bk-bpsS ASp-°¬
hc-Øp-t]m-°n\p Xs‚ P\sØ kΩ-Xn-°m-sX-hÆw
sbcp-i-te-an\p A[nIw Zqc-Ø-√msX cmasb ]Wn-Xp-d-
∏n-®p-sIm≠v Ahsc XS-bp-hm≥ {ian-®p.
16-:2˛6 apºv Iqiy¿ B{I-an-®t- ∏mƒ sNbvXX
- p-t]mse,
btlm-h-bpsS `pP-Øn¬ B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-cw,
Bkm a\p-jy-cpsS klmbw tXSn. s_≥l-Z-Zns‚
klmbw Iqen°p hmßp- h m- \ mbn btlm- h - b psS
kºØv Ah≥ Ah\p sImSp-Ø-b-®p. Acmw cmPmhv
hS-°p-\n∂v bn{km-tb-ens\ B{I-an-®-Xp-sIm-≠v, Xs‚
hSt° AXn¿ kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xn\v cma-bn¬\n∂pw
ssk\ysØ ]n≥h-en-°m≥ _sbim \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-
bn. {]Xy-£-Øn¬ Bkm-bpsS ]≤Xn hnP-bn-®p-sh-
¶nepw AXp ssZh-Øn\p A\n-jvS-am-bn.
16:7˛10 btlm- h - b psS Zrjv S n- b n¬ A¥y- ^ ew
AXns‚ apJm-¥n-csØ Hcn-°epw \oXo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√.
AXp-sIm≠v Z¿i-I\ - mb l\m-\nsb Ah≥ Bkm-bpsS
ASp-°-te-°-b-®p. t`mjØw {]h¿Øn-®-Xn\v l\m\n
ss[cy-k-taXw cmPm-hns\ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øn. Iqiy-cpsS
Iøn¬ \n∂pw btlmh Ahs\ hnSp-hn-®n-√tbm? Bcn-
eqsS X\n°p {]hr-Øn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v Nn¥n-®p-
sIm≠v btlmh a\p-jysc \nc-¥-cw t\m°n sIm≠n-cn-
°-bm-bn-cp-∂nt√? PU-{]-Im-ca
- p≈ t]mcm´w Bkm Xnc-
s™-Sp-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠v, A∂p apX¬ Ah\p bp≤߃
D≠m-Ipw. apºp Xm≥ sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xp-t]m-se, btlm-h-
bpsS hm°p tIƒ°p-hm≥ Iq´m-°msX (15:8) Ct∏mƒ
l\m-\nsb Ah≥ XS-hn-em-°n.
16:11˛14 btlmh- b psS lnX- Ø n\p hncp- ≤ - a mbn
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xp Bkm Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v
Imense Zo\- Ø m¬ btlmh Ahs\ ]oUn- ∏ n- ® p.
F∂m¬ At∏mgpw A\p-X-]n®p btlm-h-bn-¶-te°p
aSßn hcp-hm≥ Ah≥ Iq´m-°nbn√. AXn-\p-]-Icw
Ah≥ sshZy≥amcn¬ B{i-bn-®p. Npcpßnb-Im-ew-
sIm≠p acn-°bpw sNbvXp. sshZy-∑m¿ F∂p ]d-
™m¬ C{µ-Pm-e-°m-cm-sW∂pw AYhm `qX-ßsf
sIm≠v NnIn’ sNøp-∂-h-cm-sW-∂p-amWv Nne¿ Nn¥n-
°p-∂-Xv.
Bkm-bpsS Zmcp-W-amb A¥y-sam-gn-®m¬, blq-Z-
bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ \√ cmPm-°-∑m-cn¬ Hcp-h-\m-bn-cp∂p
Bkm (15:17). Ahs‚ ac-W-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ P\-
߃ hf-sc-tbsd hne-]n-®p. 14-˛mw hmIy-Ønse F{Xbpw
hen-sbmcp Zl\w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv, Xs‚ ih-i-cocw
Zln-∏n-®-Xn-s\-b√ adn®v [q]-h¿§w IØn-®-Xn-s\-bm-Wv.
D. cmPm-hmb sbtlm-im-^mØv (A. 17˛20)
17:1˛5 Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ ac-W-tijw sbtlm-im-
^mØv Ccp-]-Øn-b-©p-h¿jw blqZm `cn®p (20:31).
cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep-≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬
ÿew II Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-Øn¬ X\n-°mbn \o°n-h-®n-´p-
≠v. (A. 17˛20). 17-˛mw A≤ym-b-Ønse hnj-b-߃°p
kam-\-amb hnh-c-W-߃ I cmPm-°-∑m-cn¬ ImWp-∂n-√.
knwlm-k-\-ÿ-\m-°-s∏´ btlm-im-^mØv bn{km-
tb-en-s\-Xnsc Xs‚ cmPyw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ah-≥ Xs‚
cmPyw Dd-∏p≈-Xm-°n-Øo¿Øp. F∂m¬ Xs‚ hnP-b-I-
c-am-b `c-W-Øns‚ cl-kyw, Ah≥ ZmhoZp sNbvX-Xp-
t]mse btlm-hsb ]n≥]-‰n-sb-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. cmPm-°-
∑m-cpsS kz`m-h-co-Xn-Iƒ Af-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-
Øn¬ ÿnc-ambn Zmho-Zns\ am\-Zfi - a
- m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv
DtZz-K-P-\-I-am-Wv. Ahs‚ amXrI ]n≥Xp-S¿∂-h¿ A`n-
hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-Ibpw A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Aßs\ sNøm-Ø-h¿ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. sbtlm-im^m-
Øns‚ Iogn¬ tZiw kzÿX A\p-`-hn-®p. Ahs‚
 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 17,18
i{Xp-°ƒ Ah\p I∏w-sIm≠p hcp-hm-\n-S-bmbn (hm.
10-˛12).
17:6˛9 btlm-im-^m-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-
\-Øn\p apJyÿm\w Iev]n-®n-cp-∂p. AXnse [¿tΩm-
]-tZ-i-߃ ]n≥ ]‰p-∂-Xn¬ Ah≥ XojvW-X-bp-≈-h-
\m-bn-cp-∂p, AX-\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ahs‚ lrZbw
ss[cy-s∏-´p. {]`p-°∑- m¿, tehy¿, ]ptcm-ln-X∑
- m¿ F∂n-
h-cS- ß
- n-b Hcp {]tXyI ZuXy-kw-LsØ tZi-Øp-S\ - ofw
Ab-®v, btlm-h-bpsS hgn-I-fn¬ \S-∏m≥ P\-ßsf D]-
tZ-in-®p-sIm-≠v, AXv Xs‚ cmPysØ \nb-a-am°n
Xo¿Øp; Aßs\ Bh¿Ø\w 6:6 se ssZhnI Iev]\
Xm≥ A\p-k-cn-®p.
17:10˛19 btlm-h-bpsS A\p-{K-l-Øm¬ btlm-im-
^mØv ta¬°p-ta¬ {]_-e-\mbn Xo¿∂p, Ahs‚
ssk\yw F{X t{ijvTa - m-bn-cp-∂p. tIhew 1,80,000 t]sc
sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Adp-]Xp h¿j-߃°p-apºp scl-
s_bmw Bcw-`n-®X - v. F∂m¬ Ct∏m-ƒ Dd-∏p≈ ]´Wß-
fn¬ ]m¿Øn-cp-∂-hsc IqSmsX blq-Z-bpsS ssk\y-
_ew 1,160,000 Bbn-cn-°p-∂p. Ch-cn¬ At\-I¿ bn{km-
b-tb-en¬ \n∂pw h∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂psh∂Xn¬ kwi-b-an-
√. ImcWw ssZhw blq-Z-tbm-sSm-∏-am-sW∂v Ah¿ a\-
 n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. 18-˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ \mw ImWp-∂-
Xp-t]m-se, btlm-im-^mØv Xs‚ ssk\y-_ew hnth-
I-]q¿∆w D]tbmKn-®n-√-sb-∂Xp \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-am-bn-t∏m-
bn.
18:1 Cu kabw hsc bn{km-tbepw blq-Zbpw ]c-
kv]cw _≤-i-{Xp-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ btlm-im-^m-
Øns‚ aI≥ Blm-_ns‚ aIsf hnhmlw sNøp-Ibpw
(21:5,6) Aßs\ Ccp cmPy-ßfpw XΩn¬ Hcp kJy-X-
bp-≠m-Ibpw sNbvXp.
18:2˛7 bn{km-tb-ens‚ Nne `q{]-tZ-i-߃ ssIh-i-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂ (1-cm-Pm. 22:3,4 ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-
I). Acm-aysc B{I-an-°p-∂-Xn¬ btlm-im-^m-Øns‚
klmbw Blm_v Bh-iy-s∏-´p. Blm-_ns\ klm-
bn-°m-sa∂v sbtlm-im-^mØv DS-\Sn hm°p sImSp-Øp.
F¶nepw BZyw btlm-h-tbm-Sp Acp-f-∏mSp tNmZn-°-
W-sa∂v Xm≥ \n¿t±-in-®p. AX-\p-kc - n®v Blm_v {]hm-
N-I-∑msc hcp-Øn. Ah-sc-√m-hcpw sFIy-I-WvtT\
hnPbw {]h-Nn®p F¶nepw Ah-sbm∂pw hniz-k-\o-b-a-
√m-bvI-bm¬, Hc-f-hp-hsc Bflob hnth-N\w {]m]n-®n-
cp∂ sbtlm-im-^mØv ""btlm-h-bpsS Hcp {]hm-N-
Is\'' At\z-jn-®p. AhnsS k∂n-ln-Xc - m-bn-cp∂ \m\qdp
{]hm-N-I-∑m¿ btlm-h-bp-ambn bmsXmcp kw_-‘-hp-
an-√m-Ø-hcmbn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
bYm¿∞ {]hm-NI - \pw Xs‚ {]hm-NI - ∑- mcpw XΩn-ep≈
hyXymkw Blm-_p-t]mepw a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
∂mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv. btlm-h-bpsS Acp-f-∏mSv Ah-tcm-
S-dn-bn® aoJm-bmhv F∂ a\p-jys\ Blm-_n\p CjvS-
an-√m-bn-cp-∂p, ImcWw Ah≥ cmPm-hns\ Ipdn®p tZmjw
am{Xta {]h-Nn-®n-cp-∂p-≈p.
18:8˛11 aoJm-bm-hns\ AhnsS lmP-cm-°nb ka-b-
457
Øv, knsZ-°n-bm-hv, Acm-ay¿ tXmev]n°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-ß-
s\-sb∂v \mS-Io-b-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p (H-
cp-]s£ Xm≥ [cn® c≠p sImºp-Iƒ B blqZ cmPm-
°-∑mscbmbn-cn°pw kqNn-∏n-®-Xv). Cu ka-bØv cmPm-
hns‚ a‰p {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw sFIyIWvtT-\ Xß-fpsS
kΩ-X-`mhw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. Un. F¬. aqVnbpsS A`n-
{]m-bØ
- n¬.
Blm-_n\v Xt‚-Xmb [¿tΩm-]-tZ-i-I-∑mcpw {]hm-
N-I-∑mcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cmcpw Xs∂ A{X Zp¿hr-
Ø-cm-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]t£ X\n-°-\p-Iq-e-amb D]-tZiw
\evIp-∂-hsc Ah≥ Is≠Øpw (18).
18:12,13 hnPb kw_-‘a - mb {]h-N\
- Ø
- n¬, a‰p {]hm-
N-I∑ - msc A\p-Iq-en-°p-hm≥ cmPm-hns‚ `rXy-∑m¿ aoJm-
bm-hns\ \n¿_-‘n-®p. F∂m¬ btlm-h-bpsS Acp-f-
∏mSv am{Xta Xm\-dn-bn-°-bp-≈p-sh∂v aoJm-bmhv hm°p
]d-™p. F√m hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw F√m D]-tZ-i-I-∑m-
cp-sSbpw BZ¿i-h-N-\-am-bn-cn-t°Ww Cu 13-˛mw hmIyw.
""btlm-h-bm-W, Fs‚ ssZhw Acp-fn-s®-øp∂Xp Xt∂
Rm≥ {]kvXm-hn°pw''.
18:14˛17 BZyw a‰p {]hm-N-I-∑msc A\p-I-cn-°p-∂-
Xmbn Xm≥ \Sn-®p. F∂m¬ Xm≥ Kuc-h-I-c-ambn ]d-
™X-s√∂v s]s´∂v shfn-s∏-´p. kXyw kwkm-cn-°m≥
Blm_v BW-bn´p Bh-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, bn{km-tb-en\p
hcp-hm-\n-cn-°p∂ tXm¬hnsb Ipdn®pw Blm-_ns‚ ac-
WsØ Ipdn®pw Xm≥ ]d-™p.
18:18˛22 Blm-_ns‚ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ sX‰mb hnh-c-
߃ \¬Ip-hm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw aoJm-bmhp hnh-cn-®p.
Blm-_ns‚ ZpjvSX \nanØw btlmh Ab® Hcp
t`mjvIns‚ Bflm-hns‚ A[o-\-X-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah-
¿. Gen-bmhv apºv {]h-Nn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-t]mse (1-cm-P.
21:19˛24) Blm_v Ct∏mƒ in£ hn[n-°-s∏´ Hcm-fm-
Wv. amXyp sl≥{Sn-bpsS A`n-{]mbw t\m°p-I.
ssZhoI A\p-hmZw IqSm-sX-b√ ]nimNv a\pjysc
NXn-°p-∂-Xv, Aß-s\-t]mepw ssZhw Xs‚ Dt±-iyw
\nd-th-‰p-I-bm-Wv. Aßs\ Cu bp≤-Øn\p ]pd-s∏-Sp-
∂-Xnse A]-I-SsØ Ipdn®p am{X-a-√, AXn\p ]pd-s∏-
Sp-hm≥ Xs∂ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-hsc hniz-kn-°p-∂-
Xn-ep≈ B]-Øn-s\-°p-dn®pw aoJm-bmhv Blm-_n\v \√
Xm°oXp \evIn (19).
18:23˛26 Xs‚ kXy-k-‘-X-bpsS t]cn¬ aoJm-b-
hn\v IjvSw A\p-`h- n-t°-≠n-h∂ - p. knsZ-°n-bmhv Ahs‚
sNIn-´-Ø-Sn-®p, Blm_v Hcp-]t£ Ahs\ sIm√p-
hm≥ A{K- l n- ® p- s Im- ≠ p- X s∂ Ah\p A∏hpw
sh≈hpw am{Xw sImSp-Øp-sIm≠v, Ahs\ Imcm-Kr-
l-Øn-e-S-®p Xm≥ kwkm-cn-®Xv kXy-am-sW∂v btlmh
sXfn-bn-°p-sa∂v aoJm-bmhv Ah-cn-cp-h-tcmSpw ]d-™p.,
knsZ-°n-bm-hn\v HSp-hn¬ F¥p kw`-hn-®p-sh∂v Xncp-h-
N-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂n-√, F∂m¬ btlm-h-bpsS Acp-f-∏m-
S-\p-k-cn®v Blm_v B bp≤-Øn¬ sIm√-s∏-´p-sh∂v
\ap-°-dn-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
458 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 18,19,20
18:27˛29 {]hm-N-Is‚ hm°p-Iƒ Blm-_ns\ i‡n-
bmbn kzm[o-\n-®p-sh-∂X
- n\p kwi-ba- n-√. ImcWw ssZho-
I-in-£m-hn-[n-bn¬ \n∂pw c£-s]-Sp-hm≥ B{K-ln-®p-sIm-
≠mWv Ah≥ Xs∂-Øm≥ thjw amdp-hm≥ {ian-®-Xv.
Xm≥ (B-lm-_v) Hcp ]S-bm-fn-bpsS thjw [cn-°p-
tºmƒ sbtlm-im-^mØv cmP-hkv{Xw [cn-°p-hm≥ Xm≥
\n¿t±-in-®p.
18:30˛34 F∂m¬ btlmh Acp-fn-s®-bvX-Xp-t]me
kw`-hn-®p. Ahn-ip≤ kJysØ Ipdn-®p≈ Hcp A\p-`-
h-]m-Tt- ØmsS (2-sIm-cn. 6:14) Acm-ay-cn¬ \n∂pw sbtlm-
im-^mØv hnSp-hn-°-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ Blm_v c£-s]-´n-
√. ImgvN-bn¬, bZr-—bm hn√p-Ip-e-®Xv Blm-_ns‚
Ih-N-Øn\pw ]X-°-Øn\pw CS-bn-te°v ssZhw Xncn-
®p-hn´p; Aßs\ kqcy≥ AkvX-an-°p∂ ka-bØv
Ah≥ acn-®p-t]m-bn.
19:1˛5 l\m-\n-bpsS aI-\mb tblq Z¿i-I≥ ˛ {]hm-
N-I≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p ˛ Blm-_p-am-bp≈ Xs‚ Iq´p-
sI-´ns\ Ipdn®p sbtlm-im-^m-Øns\ imkn-®-t∏mƒ
Ah≥ A\p-X-]n-®p.
hn{K-lm-cm-[n-bmb Blm-_p-am-bp≈ Xs‚ _‘w
Xs‚ {]P-I-fpsSbnS-bn¬ Xs∂-°p-dn-®p≈ tami-amb
Hcp \nZ¿i-\-Øn\p Imc-W-am-bn. AXp-sIm≠v P\sØ
btlm-hb - n-¶t- e°p Xncn®p hcp-tØ-≠X - n\v Ah≥ cmPy-
Øp-S-\ofw k©-cn-®p. tamssiI \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v (B-
h. 16:18˛20) Hcp \ymbm-[n] k{º-Zmbw Ah≥ \S-∏n-em-
°n. apºv tZi-Øp-S-\ofw D]-tZjvSm-°-∑msc hn\y-kn-
®-Xpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Cu {]hr-Øn-Iƒ (17:7˛9) Xncp-h-N-\-
tØm-Sp≈ btlm-im-^m-Øns‚ henb BZ-c-hns\
ImWn-°p-∂p. {]P-I-tfm-Sp≈ Xs‚ Xmev]-cy-sØbpw
btlm- h - b psS {]Xn- c m- P - \ mbn hniz- k v X - X - t bmsS
{]h¿Øn-°p-hm-\p≈ Xs‚ B{K-l-tØbpw {]Z¿in-∏n-
°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Cu {]hr-Øn-Iƒ.
19:6˛11 cmPm-hns‚ DXvt_m-[-\-߃ \ymb-{]-am-W-
Øn¬\n∂pw FSp-Øn-´p-≈-h-bm-bn-cp∂p (hm. 10). ssZh-
Øns‚ P\-Øn\p at[y \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cmbn h¿Øn-°p-
∂-h-cn¬ btlm-h-bpsS bYm¿∞ Iev]-\-Iƒ {]m_-ey-
Øn¬ hcp-Øn. ssZhoI DS-º-Sn-bp≈ P\-Øn\pw at[y
\ymb-]m-e\w \S-Øp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠pw, X߃ sNøp-∂-
sX√mw ssZhw t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - n-\m-epw, \ymbm-
[n-]-∑m¿ btlm-hsb `b-s∏´p kq£n®p {]h¿Øn-t°-
≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. k¶o¿Æ-amb hnj-bß - ƒ ssIImcyw
sNø-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cp∂ sbcp-i-te-ans‚ Xe-ÿm-\-\-K-cn-
bnepw Ah≥ \ymbm-[n-]-∑msc \nb-an-®p. alm-]p-tcm-
ln-X-\mb Aa-cymhv Bbn-cp∂p aX-]-c-amb hnj-b-ß-ƒ
ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. blqZm tKm{X-Øns‚ Xe-
h-\m-bn-cp∂ sk_-Zym-hn-\m-bn-cp∂p cmP-Iob Imcy-ß-
fpsS Npa-X-e. tehy¿ DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cmbn tkh-\-a-\p-
jvTn-®p.
20:1˛6 hen-sbmcp P\-k-aqlw Nmhp-I-S-en-\-°sc
\n∂p blq-Zbv°p t\sc bp≤ {]Jym-]\w \SØn (2-
˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ ""Acmw'' F∂-Xn\p ]Icw "GtZmw'
F∂mWv Nne F{_mb Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ ImWp-
∂-Xv) (20). sbtlmim^mØv \ymb-ambpw ]cn-{`-an®p
t]mbn. Ah≥ Hcp D]-hmkw {]kn-≤-s∏-SpØn P\sØ
Be- b - Ø n¬ Iq´n- h - c pØn, Ah¿ btlm- h - t bmSp
{]m¿∞n-®p. II Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-ß-fnse ""cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS
{]m¿∞-\I''fn¬ aq∂m-a-tØ-Xm-bn-cp∂p CXv. (6-˛mw
A≤ym-b-Ønse item-tams‚ {]m¿∞-\bpw 14:11se
Bkm-bpsS {]m¿∞-\bpw t\m°p-I).
20:7˛13 blq-Z-∑m¿ Xs‚ hmKvZØ P\-am-sW-∂p≈
Imcyw sbtlm-im-^mØv btlm-hsb Hm¿∏n-®p. btlm-
im-^mØv {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Bebw btlmh
{]m¿∞\ tI´v DØ-c-a-cp-fm-sa∂v hmKvZØw sNbvX
ÿe-amb hnip-≤-a-µn-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ bn{km-tb¬
IcpW ImWn-®-P\w Ct∏m-ƒ bn{km-tb-ens\ \in-∏n®v
Ah-fpsS tZiw ssIh-i-am-°p-hm≥ h∂n-cn-°-bm-Wv.
btlm-im-^mØv adp-]-Sn-°mbn ImØp-sIm≠v kI-e
blq-Zy¿°p-sam∏w btlm-h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ \n∂p.
20:14˛17 At∏mƒ tZisØ {Kkn-®n-cp∂ `bsØ
C√mbva sNbvXp-sIm≠v btlm-h-bpsS Bflmhv bl-
ko-tb¬ apJm-¥ncw kwkm-cn-®p. bp≤w ssZh-Øn-t‚-
Xs{X; AXp-sIm≠v ASp-Ø-Zn-hkw {]`m-X-Øn¬ ]pd-
s∏´p btlmh X߃°p-th≠n sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv P\w
I≠m¬ am{Xw aXn.
20:18˛21 hnizm-k-Øm¬ P\w Xß-fpsS hnP-b-Øn¬,
AXp kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºp-X-s∂, kt¥m-jn-®p. ]nt‰-
∂mƒ AXn-Im-e-Øp-Xs∂ P\w btlmh X߃°p-
th≠n sNbvXXp ImWp-hm≥ Fgp-t∂-‰p. kwKo-X-°m¿
\bn® ]mX-bn-eqsS Hcp D’-h-Øn\p t]mIp∂ {]Xo-
Xn-tbmsS Ah¿ bp≤-°-f-Øn-te°p ]pd-s∏-´p.
20:22˛30 Xs‚ P\-Øns‚ hnizm-k-Øn-t‚-Xmb ]m´p-
tI´ P\w i{Xp-°sf Xmdp-am-dm-°n. Ah≥ sshcn-Isf
Cf-°n-hn-´-Xp-sIm≠v Ah¿ At\ym\yw t]mcm-Sn acn-®p.
blqZm P\w FØn-b-t∏mƒ, sIm≈ tiJ-cn-°pI F∂
H‰-°m-cyw am{Xta Ah-cpsS apºn¬ Ah-ti-jn-®n-cp-∂p-
≈p.-A-Xn-\p-aq∂p Znhkw th≠n-h-∂p. AXy-[n-I-ambn
BÀm-Zt- ØmsS Ah¿ btlm-hsb kvXpXn-®p, ]mt´msS
sbcp-i-te-an-te°p aS-ßn-t∏m-bn. Np‰p-ap≈ tZi-߃
AXp {i≤n-®p. ssZh-Øns‚ `oXn Ah-cpsS ta¬ h∂p.
Aßs\ blqZm kzÿX A\p-`-hn-®p.
20:31˛34 Iogv\S- ∏
- \
- p-kc
- n-®v, sbtlm-im-^m-Øn-s‚bpw
`c-W-kw-_-‘-amb Hcp kw£n-]vX-hn-h-cWw ChnsS
\evI-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. hf-sc-b-[nIw {]b-Xv\-߃ sNbvsX-
¶n-epw, hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ X\n°p Ign-
™n-√. F¶nepw samØ-Øn¬ IW-°m-°p-tºmƒ Xm≥
s]mXpsh \√ `c-W-amWv ImgvN-h-®-Xv. \∑-sN-øp-hm≥
Xmev]-cy-s∏´ Xm≥ ]q¿Æ-ambpw XnI-™-h-\m-bn-cp-∂n-
s√-¶nepw km[m-cW \ne-bn¬ btlm-hbv°p {]km-Z-am-
bp-≈Xp Xm≥ sNbvXp.
20:35˛37 Zpjv{]-hr-Øn-°m-c\
- mb bn{km-tb¬ cmPmhv
Al-kym-hp-am-bp≈ sbtlm-im-^m-Øns‚ kJyX
 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 20,21,22
kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp ]n≥Ipdn-∏m-Wn-Xv. X¿io-in-te°v
bm{X-bv°p≈ I∏-ep-Iƒ Ftkym≥ tKs_-cn¬h®v
Ah¿ D≠m-°n, F∂m¬ Fen-tb-k¿ F∂ {]hm-N-I≥
ap≥Iq´n ]d™ {]Imcw ssZhw B ]≤Xn DS®p If-
™p.
sbtlm-im-^mØv acn-°p-tºmƒ Ah\p Adp-]Xp
hb- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-t\mSp IqsS Iq´p-`-cWw \S-Øn-
bn-cp∂ Xs‚ aI-\mb sbtlmcmw blq-Z-bn¬ Ah\p
]Icw cmPm-hmbn (21:1).
E. cmPm-hmb sbtlmcmw (A. 21)
21:1˛3 sbtlm-cm-ans‚ `c-W-tØmsS Bcw-`n-°p∂
IIZn\-hr-Øm-¥ß- f
- n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øs
- ∏-´n-cn-°p∂ Ncn{Xw
F√m-hn-[-Ønepw A[x-]-Xn®v HSp-hn¬ sImSpw Zpcn-X-
Ønepw {]hm-k-Ønepw Ah-km-\n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
sbtlm-cm-ans‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cmbn c≠p Ak-cym-
hp-am-sc-°p-dn®v 2˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. NKJV ¬
Ahbv°v hyXy-kvXa - mb A£-ch
- n-\ym-ka
- mWv \evIn-bn-
´p-≈-Xv.
21:4-˛6 Zmho-Zns‚ hgn-Iƒ°p ]Icw bn{km-tb¬
cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS am¿§-amWv blq-Z-bpsS Bdm-asØ
cmPmhv Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv. Hcp c‡-]m-X-I\pw hn{K-lm-
cm-[n-bp-am-bn-cp∂p sbtlm-cmw. knwlm-k\w Dd-∏m-°p-
hm≥ th≠n Ah≥ kz¥ ktlm-Zc - ∑
- m-sc-sb-√m-hs- cbpw
\njv°c - pWw sIm∂p-If- ™- p. A{X {Iqc-ambn {]h¿Øn-
°p-hm≥ sbtlm-cm-ans\ t{]cn-∏n-®Xv Zp¿kzm-[o-\-am-bn-
cp-∂p-sh-∂X - n¬ bmsXmcp kwi-bhpw Xncp-hN - \w \Ωn¬
Ah-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂n√! Blm-_ns‚ ]p{Xn-bn-bm-cp∂p
Ahs‚ `mcy (hm.6). apºv sbtlm-im-^m-Øm-bn-cp∂p
Ccp-cm-Py-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu hnhm-l-_‘w {Iao-I-
cn-®-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v bn{km-tb-ens\ \in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-
cp∂ AtX Zpjv°¿Ωw Ct∏mƒ blq-Zsb _m[n-®n-cn-
°-bm-Wv. ssZh-P-\-Øn-\p-ta¬ in£m-hn[n hcp-Øp-hm-
\p≈ kmØms‚ Ic-ßf - nse Hcm-bp-[a- m-bn-cp∂p Blm-
_ns‚ aI-fmb AY-eym.
21:7 F∂m¬ ZmhoZy \nbaw A\p-kva-cn-®p-sIm-≠v,
btlmh Blm-_n-t\mSpw bn{km-tb-en-t\mSpw CS-s]´
coXn-bn¬ A{X ITn-\-ambn sbtlm-cm-an-t\mSpw sblq-
Z-tbmSpw s]cp-am-dn-bn√ (H-cp-Zo-]w) F∂p-h-®m¬ cmPm-
hm-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ Hcp A\-¥-cm-h-Imin F∂¿∞-am-Wn-
hn-sS-bp-≈X
- )v . F¶nepw Xs‚ Ahn-ip≤ kJyX \nanØw
blqZm IjvSX A\p-`hnt°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
21:8˛15 sbtlm-im-^m-Øns‚ \mfp-I-fn¬ blq-Zsb
`b-s∏-´n-cp∂ GtZm-ay¿ (17:10) Ct∏mƒ Ah-tcmSp a’-
cn-®p. blq-Z-bnse Hcp ]´-W-amb en_v\bpw Ah-tcmSp
a’-cn-®p. sbtlmcmw Xs‚ P\sØ ho≠pw ho≠pw
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-te°p \bn-®p-sIm≠v Imcy-߃ IqSp-
X¬ hj-fm-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. cmPm-hn-\p≈ Hcp Fgp-Øn¬
AS-ßn-bn-cp∂ Gen-bm-hns‚ {]h-N-\-Øn-\p-t]m-epw,
Xs‚ Zpjv{]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Xs∂ ]n≥Xn-cn-∏n-°p-
459
hm≥ Ign-™n-√. bn{km-tb-ense {]hm-NI - s‚ i‡-amb
ip{iq-j-Isf Ipdn®v sbtlmcmw Xo¿®-bmbpw tI´n-cn-
°-Ww. F∂m¬ Blm_v Bbn-cp-∂X - p-t]mse AXns\
BZ-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah\pw Iq´m-°n-bn-√.
sbtlm- i m- ^ m- Ø ns‚ `c- W - I m- e Øv Ft∏mtgm
BWv Gen-bmhv kz¿§-Øn-te°v FSp-°-s∏-´Xv (2-cm-Pm.
2:11). sbtlmcmw GI-tZiw A©p-h¿j-°mew Xs‚
]nXm-hmb sbtlm-im-^m-Øn-t\m-sSm∏w Iq´p-`-cWw \S-
Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v, Cu ktµiw Ab® ka-bØv
Gen-bmhv Poh-t\msS D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. As√-¶n¬
ssZhoI \n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw Genbm {]hm-N-I-\m¬ Fgp-
X-s∏´ Cu IØv, AXns‚ DNn-X-amb ka-bØv FØn-
°p-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm≠v Geo-im-bp-sS ]°¬
G¬∏n-®-Xm-hmw.
21:16,17 Xs‚ Cf-b-a-I-\mb sbtlm-hm-lmkv (km-
[m-c-W-bmbn Al-kymhv F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p) HgnsI
Xs‚ IpSpw-_-Øn-ep≈ kI-e-scbpw cmP-[m-\n-bn-se
kIe hkvXp-h-I-Ifpw s^en-kvXycpw Ad-_n-Ifpw
tN¿∂v A]-l-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn. Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚
IpSpw-_sØ apgp-h≥ Xm≥ sIm∂-Xp-sIm≠v Xs‚ Ip‰-
Øn-\p≈ X° in£-bmbn CXp ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.
21:18˛20 sbtlm-cm-an\p IpS-en¬ s]mdp-°mØ Hcp
hym[n-_m-[n-®n´v AXn-th-Z\
- t- bmsS B ITn\ hym[n-bm¬
Ah≥ acn-®p. Bcnepw ZpJw Ah-ti-jn-∏n-°msX Ah≥
Cu Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an-®p. Pohn-X-Øn¬ a‰p
cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS hgn-I-fn¬ Ah≥ \S-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-
sIm≠v ac-W-Øn¬ Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsS cmP-Iob I√-d-bn¬
Ah≥ AS°w sNø-s∏-´n-√.
F. cmPm-hmb Al-kym-hv (22:1˛9)
Blm_pKr-l-hp-am-bp≈ kJyX \nan-Ø-ap-≠mb
ImgvN-∏mSv Ct∏mƒ aq∂mw Xe-ap-d-hsc FØn. sbtlm-
cm-ans‚ ac-W-tijw Al-kymhv (21:17˛se sbtlm-hm-
lmkpw 6˛-mw hmIy-Ønse Ak-cymhpw Xm≥ Xs∂-bm-
Wv) cmPm-hm-bn. At∏mƒ Ah\v Ccp-]-Øn-c≠p(21)
(NKJV am¿Pn≥) hb- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
H{an-bpsS Hcp ]u{Xn-bm-bn-cp∂ Ahs‚ AΩ AY-
eym, Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns‚ ac-W-tijw blq-Z-bp-sS-ta¬
Xs‚ hn\m-i-I-c-amb kzm[o\w XpS¿∂p. Xs‚ aIs‚
""\mi-Øn-\mbn'' ZpjvSX {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ X°-hÆw
Ahs‚ apJy Btem-N-\-°m-cØn Ah-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Zmho-Zn\v Hcp ]p{Xs\ Ah-ti-jn-∏n-
t°-≠-Xn-\v, Al-kymhv am{Xw sIm√-s∏-SmsX tijn-
®p. (hm. 1). F∂m¬ Xs‚ ]nXm- h ns‚ ]m]- ß ƒ
Bh¿Øn-®psIm≠v Ah\pw \µn-sI-´h - \
- m-sW∂v sXfn-
bn-®p. Acm-ay¿s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ bp≤-Øn¬ Ah≥ sbtlm-
cm-an-t\mSp (tbm-cmw) IqsS tN¿∂p. tblqhpw Ahs‚
Bfp-Ifpw Al-kymhv ia-cy-bn¬ Hfn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp I≠v
Ahs\ sIm∂p If- ™ p. ssZh- h - g n- I - f n¬ \S∂
sbtlm-im-^m-Øns‚ ]u{X-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v cmP-
`r-Xy-∑m¿ Ah\v am\y-amb Hc-S°w \evIn. (2-cm-Pm. 9:28).
460 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 22,23,24
cmPy-`-cWw Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ {]m]vX-cmb a°ƒ Al-
kym-hn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
G. AY-eym-cm-⁄n-bpsS ]nSn-s®-Sp-°¬
(22:10˛23:21)
22:10˛12 Xs‚ `¿Øm-hn-s\bpw Ct∏mƒ aI-s\bpw
\jv-S-s∏´ AYeym Xs‚ sIm®p-a-Is\ sIm∂p-sIm≠v
knwlm-k\w ]nSn-®S- °- n. cmP-Ip-Spw-_sØ \njv°c - pWw
h[n-®X - ns‚ ]n∂nse AZr-iy-\mb t{]c-Ii - ‡n kmØm-
\m-bn-cp-∂p. apºpw Xm≥ AXn\p {ian-®n-´p-≠v. C\nbpw
{ian-°p-Ibpw sNøpw, F∂-Xp-t]mse Ct∏mƒ anin-
sslI hwim-hen hnt—-Zn-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ ]cn-{i-an-°p-I-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ BXy-¥n-Ia - mbn I¿Øm-hmb tbip-
{In-kvXp-h-cp∂ hwim-hen kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Dev].
3:!5se hmKvZØw Dd-∏p-\-evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Xs‚
A\-¥n-c-h-\mb tbmhm-ins\ Hfn-∏n-°p-hm≥ btlmh
sbtlm-i-_-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ tXm∂n-∏n-®p. Xs‚
`¿Øm- h mb sbtlm- b mZ ]ptcm- l n- X - \ m- b n- c n- ° p∂
ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Ahƒ Ahs\ Hfn-∏n-®p. Bdp-h¿jw
AhnsS Ahs\ ]cn-]m-en-®p.
Cu kw`-h-ßsf Ipdn®pw Cu ka-bØv bn{km-tb-
en¬ \S-°p∂ Imcy-ßsf Ipdn-®p-ap≈ IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-
߃ II cmPm-°-∑m¿ 8˛11 A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂p.
23:1--˛7 cmPyw ]nSn-®S- °
- nb AYeym Zmho-Zns‚ knwlm-
k-\-Øn-en-cn-°p-tºmƒ tbmhm-in\p {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-
∂-Xp-hsc btlm-bmZ Ah-kcw ImØn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ggmw-h¿jw Ah≥ {]`p-°-∑m-scbpw
tehy-scbpw hnfn-®p-Iq-´n. AY-eym-bpsS Itø-‰-Øn\p
hntcm-[-ambn KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øn. cmPy-Øp-S-\ofw
hm¿Ø-sb-Øn-®-X-\p-k-cn-®v, At\-I¿ Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚
knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ tbmhm-ins\ Ccp-Øp-hm≥ Xmev]-cy-
s∏-´p-sIm≠v Ah-\p-ambn kJyX sNbvXp. ""P\-sam-
s°bpw btlm-hb - psS {]amWw kq£n-°Ww'' F∂p≈
6˛mw hmIy-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-`mKw sIm≠¿∞-am-°p-∂-
Xv, Be-b-Øn¬ {]th-i\w \ntj-[n-®n-cn-°p∂ \nbaw
Ah¿ ImØp-kq-£n-°Ww F∂t{X (hmIyw 69 t\m°p-
I). tehy-tcbpw {]`p-°-∑m-scbpw Ah-c-h-cpsS Npa-X-e-
Iƒ `c-ta-ev]n-®n-®p, Aßs\ Hcp i∫-Øp-Zn-hkw hn[n
\n¿Æm-bI Znh-k-am-bn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.
23:8˛11 ]pXnb Iqdp-Iƒ Be-bØ - n-te°p hcp-tºmƒ,
]g-b-Iq-dp-Isf hn´-b-®n-cp-∂n√; Aßs\ kwi-b-Øn-\n-
S-\-evImsX henb Hcp Iq´w P\sØ Iq´n-h-cp-Øp-hm≥
btlm-bm-Zbv°p Ign-™n-cp-∂p. Be-b-Øn¬ kq£n-®n-
cp∂ Zmho-Zns‚ Bbp-[-߃ P\-Øn\p \evIn, Ahsc
k÷-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ Hcp-°ßsf√mw ]q¿Øn-
bm-b-t∏mƒ, Ggp-h-b p {]mb-ap≈ tbmhm-ins\ Be-
b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂pw ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂p, Ahs\
Inco-S-a-Wn-bn-®p. tamsi-bpsS hN-\-a-\p-k-cn®v (B-h.
17:18˛20) \ymb-{]-am-WØ
- ns‚ Hcp ]Xn∏v (km-£y-]p-kvX-
Iw) Ahs‚ Iøn¬ \evIn-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. s]´-IØ - n¬
kq£n-®n-cp∂ (]p-d. 25:21; 2Zn-\. 5:10) \ymb-{]-am-WØ
- ns‚
{]Ya ]Xn-∏m-bn-cp∂p AsX-∂mWv Nne¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂-
Xv.
23:12˛15 Be-bØ - nse Bc-hm-ct- Lm-jß - ƒ tI´v P\-
Øn- s ‚- b - S p- ° ¬ At\z- j - W - Ø n- s \- Ø nb AYeym
cm⁄n, apsºt∂m acn-®p-t]m-sb∂p Ahƒ Nn¥n-®n-
cp∂ Hcp inip FXn-cmfn Ct∏mƒ cmP-In-co-S-a-Wn™p
\nev°p-∂Xp am{Xta BZyw I≠p-≈p. F∂m¬ AXn-
s\-°m-fp-]cn P\w H‰-s°-´mbn Ahs‚ ]n∂n-ep-s≠∂p
a\- n-em-°n-b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ sR´n-t∏m-bn. Ah-fpsS
t{Zmlm- t cm- ] Ww Bcpw sNhn- s °m- ≠ n- √ , ImcWw
_em¬°m-tcW A[n-Imcw ssI°-em-°n-bXv tbmhm-
i√ adn®v Ah-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Ahsf sIm∂p-I-f-bp-hm≥
sbtlm-bmZ Iev]n-®p. ]t£ Be-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ h®-
cp-sX∂v Ah≥ ]d-™p. Aßs\ IpXn-c-hm-Xn¬°-
te°p Ahsf sIm≠p- t ]m- b n, blq- Z - b n¬ Ahƒ
sNbvX {Iqc-Ir-Xy-߃ kw_-‘n®v Ahn-sS-h®v Ahsf
sIm∂p-I-f-™p.
23:16˛19 AY-eymsb ]pd-Øm-°nb DS≥Xs∂ \ho-
I-cW {]hr-Øn-Iƒ Bcw-`n-®p. btlm-bm-Zbpw P\-hpw,
X߃ btlm-hb - v°p-≈h
- s
- c∂p ssZh-k∂ - n-[n-bn¬ Hcp
DS-ºSn sNbvXp. Ah-cpsS {]Xn-⁄m-_-≤X shfn-s∏-
Sp-Øp-hm≥ th≠n _mens‚ t£{Xw CSn--®p-I-f-™v,
_mens‚ ]ptcm-ln-X-\mb a∞ms\ Ah¿ sIm∂p-I-f-
™p. ]ptcm-ln-X≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Be-bhpw ssZho-
I-ip-{iq-jbpw kw_-‘n®v btlm-bmZ kq£va-t_m-[-
ap-≈-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. tamsibpw ZmhoZpw Iev]n® {]Imcw
Be-b-Ønse ip{iq-j-Iƒ ]p\x-{I-ao-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv
Xm≥ BZyw sNbvX Imcy-ß-fn-sem-∂v. tehy-scbpw
]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-scbpw Xß-fp-tS-Xmb tPmen-Iƒ `c-ta-
ev]n-®p. Be-b-Ønse hnip≤n Hcn-°epw \n m-c-Im-cy-
ambn IW-°m-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√. BNm-c] - c
- a
- mbn h√ hnt[-
\bpw Aip-≤-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-h¿ AIØp {]th-in-°m-Xn-
cn-∏m≥ hmXn¬ Imh¬°msc Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.
btlm-h-bpsS Be-b-Øn¬ \n∂p-thWw \ho-I-cWw
Bcw-`n-∏m≥ F∂p btlm-bmZ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p.
23:20,21 Ah¿ tbmhm-ins\ cm-P-[m-\n-bn-te°p
sIm≠p-h-∂p. tbmhm-ins‚ Iogn¬, Poh-\-{]-Xo-£-
tbmsS apt∂m-´p-t\m-°nb P\w Zmho-Zns‚ ]p{X-∑m-cn¬
Hcp-h≥ Hcn-°¬IqSn blq-Zm-knw-lm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp-∂-
Xn¬ IrXm¿∞-cm-bn.
H. cmPm-hmb tbmhmiv (A. 24)
24:1˛3 cmPm-hm-b-t∏mƒ tbmhm-in\v Ggp-h-b p
am{Xta {]mb-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. Ah≥ \mev]-Xp-h¿jw
blqZm `cn-®p. btlm-bmZ ]ptcm-ln-X≥ Pohn-®n-cp∂
Ime-tØmfw tbmhmiv btlm-hbv°v {]km-Z-am-bp-≈Xp
sNbvXp. tbmhm-ins‚ c≠p `mcy-am-sc-t]mepw Xnc-s™-
SpØp \evIn-bXv hfsc kzm[o-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Cu
ssZhoI ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp∂p.
24:4˛14 Be-b-Øns‚ ]p\xÿm-]-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n,
bn{km-tb-en¬ \ns∂m-s°bpw ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn ^≠p
 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 24,25
tiJ-cn-∏m≥ tbmhmiv tehy-tcmSp Iev]n-®p. F∂m¬
tehy¿ _≤-s∏´p Imcy-߃ sNøm-bvI-bm¬, sbtlm-
bm-Z-tbm-sSm∏w cmPmhv A£-a-\mbn Xo¿∂p. HSp-hn¬
Be-b-Øn\p apºn¬ Hcp {]tXyI s]´-Iw ÿm]n®p
P\-߃ Xß-fpsS "Be-b-\n-IpXn' (22) AhnsS sIm≠p-
h∂p \nt£-]n-°p-hm≥ I¬∏n-°-s∏-´p. ]n∂oSv AsX-
Sp-Øv, the sNbvXp A‰-Ip‰w Xo¿Øp ssZhm-ebw bYm-
ÿm- \ - Ø m°n Dd- ∏ n® ]Wn- ° m¿°p hnX- c Ww
sNbvXp(23).
24:15˛19 Zo¿L-ta-dn-bXpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-ab Hcp Pohn-X-
Øn\p tijw sbtlm-bmZ acn-®t- ∏mƒ cmPm-°∑ - m-tcmSp
IqsS Ah\v AS°w \evIn Ahs\ am\n®p. cmP-Ip-
Spw-_-Øn¬ s]SmØ Hcp-h\v e`n-°p∂ Akm-[m-c-W-
amb Hcp BZ-c-hm-bn-cp∂p AXv. F∂m¬ ssZho-I-am-b
B kzm[o\w \jvS-s∏´ tbmhm-iv, D]-tZ-i-߃°p
th≠n hn{K-lm-cm-[n-Isf B{i-bn-°p-I-bpw, Xs‚ cmP-
Xz-Øn\p AXp tZmj-ambn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahs\
Xm°oXp sNøp-∂-Xn-\m-bn, btlmh {]hm-N-I-∑msc
Ah-s‚-b-Sp-°¬ Ab-®p, F∂m¬ A\p-X-]n-°p-∂-Xn\p
]Icw B blqZm cmPmhv btlm-h-tbmSp a’-cn-°p-I-
bmWv sNbvX-Xv.
24:20-˛27 ssZhoI ap∂-dn-bn∏v P\sØ Adn-bn®
skJ-cym-hns\ Is√-dn™p sIm√p-hm≥ cmPmhp Iev]n-
®p. skJ-cym-hns‚ (24) ]nXm-hmb (A-Yhm ]nXm-a-l≥)
sbtlm-bmZ X\n°p sNbvX Zb tbmhmiv Hm¿Øn-√.
ac-Wm-k-∂-\mb skJ-cym-hns‚ {]m¿∞-\-bpsS adp-]-
Sn-bm-bn-´m-bn-cn°mw Hcp-]t£ btlmh Acm-an¬ \n∂pw
Hcp sNdnb ssk\ysØ blq-Zbv°p t\tc Ab®v
Ahsc sIm≈-b-Sn-°bpw blqZm {]`p-°-∑m-scbpw `c-
Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-sfbpw sIm∂p-I-f-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. tbmhm-
in\v Zpcm-temN\ ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øh - ¿ sIm√-s∏-´p. Kpcp-
X-c-ambn apdn-th‰ tbmhm-iv, Xs‚ kz¥ `rXy-∑m-cm¬
sIm√-s∏-´p. Ah\p apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ZpjvS\- mb sbtlm-
cm-an-s\-t∏mse blq-Zm-cm-Pm-°-∑m¿s°m∏w Ah\pw
AS°w \ntj-[n-°-s∏-´p.
tbmhmiv Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-\m-fp-I-fn¬
btlm-hsb Dt]-£n-®X - p-sIm≠v apºv Xm≥ sNbvX \√
Imcy-ß-sf√mw hy¿∞-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Ah≥ Bebw
]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bp-I-bpw, AXnse k÷o-I-c-W-ß-sfm-
s°bpw ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°bpw sNbvXXv tIhew Acm-ay-
\mb lkm-tb-en\v AXnse kºsØm-s°bpw ssIam-
dp-hm≥ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p (2-cm-Pm. 12:17,18). Bcw`w \√
\ne-bn-em-Ip-∂Xv A`n-e-j-Wo-b-am-Wv. F∂m¬ \∂mbn
Ahkm-\n-∏n-°W - s- a-∂Xv AXn-t\-°m-tfsd {][m-\a - m-W.v
Bfp-Iƒ Xß-fpsS {]b-Xv\-Øn¬ {ItaW aßn-t∏m-Ip-
hm-\p≈ km[yX a\- n-em-°n-s°m≠v As∏m-kX v e
- \ - mb
tbml-∂m≥ \ap°p ap∂-dn-bn∏p \evIp-I-bm-Wv. ""Rß-
fpsS {]b-Xv\-^ew If-bmsX ]q¿Æ {]Xn-^ew {]m]n-
t°-≠-Xn\v kq£n-®p-sImƒhn≥'' (2-tbm-l. 8).
tbmhm-ins‚ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®pw `c-W-sØ-°p-dn-
®p-ap≈ IqSp-X¬ hni-Zmw-i-߃ 2 cmPm-°-∑m¿ 12-˛mw
461
A≤ymbw \evIp∂p (A-hnsS sbtlm-hmiv F∂ t]cn-
emWv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv). B A≤ym-b-Øns‚ hymJym-
\w t\m°p-I.
I. cmPm-hmb Aa-kymhv (A. 25)
25:1˛10 Xs‚ knwlm-k\w ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw
Xs‚ A∏s‚ LmX-I-tcmSv \ymb-{]-am-W-a-\p-k-cn®v
s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNbvX-tijw Aa-kymhv hntZ-i-Im-cy-
ß-fn-te°v Xs‚ {i≤ Xncn-®p. sbtlm-cm-ans‚ `c-W-
Im-eØv GtZm-ay¿ blq-Z-tbmSp a’-cn-®n-cp∂p (21:10).
F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Ahsc Xs‚ `c-W-Øn≥ Iogn¬
sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ Hcp-]t£ Aa-kymhv Xmev]-cy-s∏-´n-cp-
∂n-cn-°-Ww. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ah≥ bn{km-tb-en¬
\n∂p Iqen-∏-´m-fsØ hnebv°p hmßn-b-Xv. F∂m¬
Hcp ssZh-]p-cp-js‚ ap∂-dn-bn∏v A\p-k-cn®v Ah≥
bn{km-tb-eysc `h-\-ß-fn-te°v aS-°n-b-b-®p. ]S-°q-´-
Øn\p Ah≥ CXn-t\m-SIw \evIn-°-gn-™n-cp∂ ]Ww
\jvSa - m-Ip-∂Xp kw_-‘n®v Ah≥ hymIp-es- ∏-s´-¶nepw
Xs‚ hy¿∞-amb \nt£-]-Øns‚ Ipdhp Xo¿°m≥
AXn- t \- ° mƒ A[nIw \ev I p- h m≥ btlm- h bv ° p
Ignbpw F∂ ssZh-]p-cp-js‚ hmKvZm\w Ah≥ kzoI-
cn-®p.
25:11˛13 Aa-kymhpw Ahs‚ Bfp-Ifpw tN¿∂v ]Xn-
\m-bncw GtZm-aysc sIm√p-Ibpw ]Xn-\m-bncw t]sc,
]n∂oSv Ingp°mw Xq°mb Hcp ]md-ap-I-fn¬\n∂pw
Xmtg°p X≈n-bn´p sIm√p-hm≥ th≠n am{Xw ASn-a-I-
fm°n ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ibpw sNbvXp. Akm-[m-cW
{IqcX \nanØw Ip‰-°m-cm- b
- n-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww Ah¿-, As√-
¶n¬ Hcp-]s£ A°m-eØv AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ Hcp
bp≤-Im-e-X{¥w Aa-kymhv \S-∏n-em-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n-cn-
°-Ww. Aa-kymhv F{^-bo-an-te°p aS-°n-b-b® Iqen-
∏-´mfw tIm]n-jvT-cmbn blqZm ]´-W-߃ B{I-an-®p,
aqhm-bncw t]sc sIm∂p, hf-sc sIm≈-bn-´p.
25:14˛21 Aa-kym-hv, GtZm-an¬ \n∂pw Xm≥ sIm≠p-
h∂ hn{K-l-ßsf Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ
kz¥-P-\sØ c£n-∏m≥ Ign-bp∂ tZh-∑m¿°v Fs∂
c£n-∏m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v Nn¥n-®-Xn\v Hcp {]hm-N-I≥
Ahs\ imkn-®p, F∂m¬ Aa-kymhv Hcp `oj-Wn-bm¬
{]hm-N-Is\ XS- -s∏-Sp-Øn, Hcp-]t£ Aa-kym-hns‚
]nXm-hn-s\-Xn-cmbn {]h-Nn-®-Xp-sIm≠v (24:20˛22) Xs‚
Poh≥ \jvSs - ∏´ skJ-cym-hns\ Ipdn-®p≈ Hcp ]tcm£
kqN-\-bm-bn-cn°mw B `oj-Wn. B {]hm-N-I≥ ^e-
Øn¬ C{]-Imcw ]d-™p-sIm≠v, cmPm-hns‚ ap∂-dn-bn-
∏n-t\mSp {]Xn-I-cn-®p, ""GXm-bmepw Rm≥ in£n-°-s∏-
Sp-hm≥ t]mIp-∂n-√, {]XypX Fs‚ D]-tZiw \ncm-I-cn-
®-Xp-sIm≠v \obmWv \in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ t]mIp-∂Xv''
Aa-kymhv ssZh-Im-tem-N\ {i≤n-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-cw,
Xs‚ DtZym-K-ÿ-tcmSp Btem-N\ tNmZn-®p. {]hm-N-
Is‚ ap∂-dn-bn∏p hI-h-bv°msX t`mj-Ø-ambn bn{km-
tb¬ cmPm-hmb tbmhm-in-t\mSp Ah≥ bp≤w sNbvXp.
25:22˛28 blqZm tXmev]n-°-s∏-´p. Ah-am-\n-X-cmbn
462 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 26,27,28
Xo¿∂p, Aa-kym-hns‚ i‡n £bn-®p-t]m-bn. sbcp-
itew B{I-an-°s- ∏-´p, Bebw sIm≈-bS- n-°s
- ∏-´p, Aa-
kym-hns‚ {]P-Iƒ Ah-s\-Xnsc Iq´p-sI-´p-≠m-°n. HSp-
hn¬ Ah≥ sbcp-itew hn´p HmSnt∏m-bn. emJo-in¬
h®v sIm√-s∏´ Ahs\ bcp-i-te-an-te°p sIm≠p-h-
∂p, AhnsS AS-°n.
J. D o-bm-cm-Pmhv (A. 26)
26:1˛5 D o-bm-hns‚ hnP-b-Im-cWw A≤ym-b-Øns‚
BZy- ` m- K - Ø p- X s∂ sImSp- Ø n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Ah≥
ssZhsØ At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw btlm-hbv°p {]km-Z-am-
bp-≈Xp sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah\p _p≤n-bp-]-tZ-in-
®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cp∂ ssZho-Im-tem-N-\-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p
skJ-cymhv ({]-hm-N-I-\mb skJ-cym-h√ CXv).
26:6˛15 D o-bmhv Xm≥ sNbvX {]hr-Øn-I-fn-sem-
s°bpw A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-´p. Ah≥ s^en-kvXy-tcmSpw
AtΩm-\y-tcmSpw hnP-bI - c- a- mbn bp≤w sNbvXp. Aßs\
blq-Z-bpsS ssk\y-_ew h¿≤n-∏n-®p. t{ijvT hn`m-K-
sØ-s°m≠v Ah-s\mcp ssk\yw cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
AXns\ k÷-am-°p-∂X - n-\p-th≠n i‡-amb Hcp Bbp-
[-\n¿Ωm-W-im-ebpw Ah≥ ]Wn-Xp. Ah≥ ]´-W-߃
]Wn- b p- I - b pw, AXp- I q- S msX Irjn hnI- k - \ sØ
t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°bpw sNbvXp (hm. 10). 15-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬
]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂ ""b{¥-߃'' Hcp-Xcw Ihn-Wn-bm-bn-cn-
°mw.
26:16˛23 F∂m¬ D o-bmhv Al-¶m-c-Øn¬ \nK-fn-
®p. Ah≥ btlm-h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ [q]w Im´p-hm≥
th≠n Be-b-Øn¬ {]th-in-®p. AXv ]ptcm-ln-X-
∑m¿°pam{Xw A[n-Im-c-s∏´ Imcy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Akcym
]ptcm-ln-X\pw Ah-t\m-Sp-IqsS ss[cy-im-en-I-fm-bn,
btlm-h-bpsS F¨]Xp ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw cmPm-hns‚
]n∂mse AIØp sN∂p. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS imk\
D o-bmsh tIm]n-∏n-®p, ]t£ Ah\v Fs¥-¶nepw
sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xn\p apºp IpjvT-Øm¬ btlmh
Ahs\ _m[n-®p. C\n Hcn-°epw X\n°p aSßn hcp-
hm≥ Ign-bmØ Be-b-Øn¬\n∂pw Ahs\ £W-
Øn¬ _≤-s∏´p ]pd-Øm-°n. A∂p-ap-X¬ Xms\mcp
IpjvT-tcm-Kn-bm-bn, Ahs‚ aI-\mb tbmYmw B Ah-
k-c-Øn¬ Ah\p ]Icw `cWw \S-Øn. tijn-°p∂
Imew D n-bmhv Hcp {]tXy-I-im-e-bn¬ ]m¿Øp. Hcp
IpjvT-tcm-Kn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v D o-bm-hns\ cmPm-°-
∑m-cpsS I√-d-I-fn¬ AS°w sNbvXn-√. ]Icw cmPm-°-
∑m-cpsS I√-d-Iƒ°p kao-]-ap≈ hb-en¬ Ahs\ ad-
hp-sN-bvXp.
K. cmPm-hmb tbmYmw (A. 27)
27:1˛4 Xs‚ ]nXm-hmb D o-bm-hn-s\-t∏mse tbmYmw
kzÿX A\p-`-hn®p. AXp-sIm≠v Xs‚ Xe-ÿm-\-\-
K-cnbpw Np‰p-]m-Sp≈ ]´-W-ßfpw ]Wn-Xp-d-∏n-°p-hm≥
Ah\p Ign-™p. D o-bm-hns‚ ]m]w HgnsI _m°n-
sb√m hnj-b-Ønepw Xm≥ ]nXm-hns‚ amXrI ]n≥]-
‰n. F¶nepw ]qPm-Kn-cn-Iƒ Xm≥ \o°w sNbvXn-√,
IqSmsX kaq-l]
- c
- n-jv°¿Ømhv F∂ \ne-bn¬ tbmYmw
A[nIw Imcy-ß-sfm∂pw sNbvXn-√. P\w hj-fXzw
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xp XS-bp-hm≥ Aev]-amb Imcy-߃
am{Xta X\n°p sNøp-hm≥ km[n-®p-≈p.
27:5˛9 apºv D o-bmhv AtΩm-\ysc tXmev]n-®n-cp∂p
(26:8). Hcp-]t£ D o-bm-hns‚ acWw I∏w sImSp-°p-
∂Xp ]n≥h-en-°p-hm≥ Ahsc t{]cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°mw.
tbmYmw Ah-tcmSp bp≤w sNbvXp Ahsc tXmev]n-
°p-Ibpw, Aßs\ ho≠pw I∏w sImSp-°p-hm≥ Ah¿
_m[y-ÿc - m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tbmYmw Xs‚ {]hr-
Øn-I-fn-sem-s°bpw ssZh-tØmSp Btem-N\ tNmZn-®n-
cp-∂p-sh∂ hkvXp-X-bn-emWv Ahs‚ _ew IpSn-sIm-
≠n-cp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ ]nXm-°-∑m-sc-t∏mse \n{Z {]m]n®
tbmYm-ans\ Ah¿ Zmho-Zns‚ \K-c-Øn¬ AS-°n,
Ahs‚ aI-\mb Blm_v blq-Z-bpsS ASp-Ø cmPm-
hm-bn.
L. Blmkv cmPmhv (A. 28)
28:1˛4 Blm-kns‚ ]q¿Æ Ncn{Xw a\- n-em-°p-hm≥
2 cmPm-°-∑m-¿ 16-˛mw A≤ym-bhpw sbi-ømhv 7˛mw
A≤ym-bhpw hmbn-°-Ww. ]Xn-\m-dp-h¿jw sbcp-i-te-
an¬ `cWw \S-Ønb Ah≥, blqZ I≠n-´p-≈X - n¬ ht®-
‰hpw ZpjvS-\mb cmPm-hm-bn-cp-∂p.
cmPm-hmbn Xo¿∂ Blmkv kabw ]mgm-°msX
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn¬ apgpIn, Zmho-Zns‚ amXrI ]n≥Xp-S-
cp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw Ah≥ bn{km-tb-ense Zpjv{]-hr-Øn-
°m-cmb cmPm-°∑ - msc amXr-Ib
- m-°n. sbcp-it- e-an\p ]pd-
Øp≈ s_≥-˛-lnt∂mw Xmgvhc-bnse shdp-°-Ø°
BNm-c-{I-a-amb inip-_en Ah≥ ]p\¿Po-hn-∏n-®p. CXv
Hcp `mK-am-bn-cn-°p∂ tamse°v tZhs‚ Bcm-[\ item-
tams‚ Imew hsc \ne-hn-en-√m-bn-cp∂p (1-cm-Pm.11:7)
F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ F√m-hn[ hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bpw tæ—-X-
Ifpw hn]p- e - a mb \ne- b n¬ \S- Ø p- I bpw AXns\
t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-t]m-∂p.
28:5˛8 AXp apJm-¥ncw btlmh \nc-h[n i{Xp-°sf
blq-Zbv°p t\sc Fgp-t∂-ev]n-®p. Acmw cmPm-hmb
scko\pw bn{km-tb¬ cmPm-hmb s]°lpw sbcp-i-
te-an\p hntcm-[-ambn Fgp-t∂‰ kJy-I-£n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-
sh∂v sbi-ømhv ]d-bp-∂p. Xe-ÿm\ \Kcw Itø-dp-
∂-Xn¬ Ah¿ hnP-bn-®n√ F¶n-epw, blq-Z-bn¬ hf-sc-
b-[nIw \mi-\-jvS-߃ Ah¿ hcp-Øn. bn{km-tb-ey¿
Hcp e£-Øn-cp-]-Xn-\m-bncwt]sc Htc Znh-k-Øn¬
kwl-cn-°bpw c≠p-e£w t]sc ASn-a-I-fm°n ]nSn-®p-
sIm≠p t]mIbpw sNbvXp. D∂X Ipe-Pm-X-∑m-cmb
At\-I¿ Cu ka-bØv sIm√-s∏-´p. scko≥, s]°lv
F∂o cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬ `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-tºm-
gm-bn-cp∂p I\y-Im-Pm-X\
- mb CΩm-\p-th-en-s\-°p-dn-®p≈
hmKvZØw bn{km-tb¬ Krl-Øn\p Ah≥ apJm-¥ncw
ssZh-Ir-]-bm¬ \evI-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv (sb-i. 7:14).
28:9˛15 blq-Z-bn¬ \n∂pw ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-h∂ Xß-
fpsS ktlm-Z-c-∑msc ASn-a-I-fm-°p-hm≥ bn{km-tb¬
 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 28,29,30
Xmev]c - y-s∏-´p, AXv tami-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-WØ - n¬ hne-
°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]t£ btlm-h-bpsS D{K-tIm]w blq-Z-
bpsS ta¬ Ccn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Aßs\ sNø-cp-sX∂v
ap∂-dn-bn∏p \evIp-hm≥ ssZhw Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ Ah-
cp-sS-b-Sp-°¬ Ab-®p. ssZhnI in£m-hn-[n-bpsS D]-I-
cWw bn{km-tb-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xp t\cm-Wv, ]t£ Ah-
cpsS {IqcX AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. hnth-I-im-en-I-
fmb F{^-boay Xe-h∑ - m-cn¬ Nne¿ HmtZZv {]hm-NI
- s‚
hm°p sNhn-s°m-≈p-Ibpw _≤-∑m-cpsS hnSp-X¬ Dd-
∏m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ sIm≈-bnse hkv{X-
߃ Ahsc [cn-∏n®v Hcp°n Ah¿°pth≠ `£-W-
]m-\o-b-߃ sImSpØv kztZ-i-tØ°v Ahsc aS-°n-b-
b-®p.
28:16˛27 B ImeØp Blmkv cmPmhv Xs‚
]nXmhp Iog- S - ° n- b n- c p∂ tZi- ß - f mb GtZmw,
s^enkv X y F∂n- h - b n¬ _p≤n- a p- ´ p- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p.
F∂m¬ Xs‚ at\m sshj-ay-Øn¬ btlm-hb - n-¶t- e°p
Xncn- b p- ∂ - X n\p ]I- c w, Ah≥ Aiq¿ cmPm- h mb
Xn¬KØv ]n≥t\-k-cns‚ klmbw tXSn. Ah≥ Be-
b- Ø n- s ebpw cmP- [ m- \ n- b n- s ebpw s]m∂v FSpØp
sImSpØv Aiq-cysc Iqen-°p-hm-ßn. A\-¥cw Aiq¿
cmPmhv Acmw B{I-an®v Ahn-SpsØ cmPm-hmb sckos\
sZtΩ- t i- ° n¬h®v sIm∂p- I - f ™p (2- c m- P . 16:9).
Xn¬KØv ]n≥t\-sk-cns\ ImWp-hm≥ ZtΩ-ti-°n-te-
°p-t]mb Blm-kn\v Acmay tZh-∑m-cn¬ t{]aw P\n®p
(2-cm-Pm. 16:8˛10). Aiq¿ Blm-kns\ ]‰n®v Ahs‚
ta¬ `mcn® I∏w Npa-Øn-b-Xp-sIm-≠v, Aiq¿ cmPm-hp-
am-bp≈ Ahs‚ kJyX Nne-hp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
sXfn-bn-°-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ Acmay tZh-∑m-cp-am-bp≈
Ahs‚ Iq´p-sI´v hn\m-i-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v sXfn-bn-
°-s∏-´p. ImcWw AXn-\m¬ btlm-hb - psS tIm]w Pzen-
®p. hf-sc i‡-amb \ne-bn¬ Blmkv cmPmhv tZiØv
ÿm]n® hn{K-lm-cm-[\ - , A{X \√-h\ - m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw
Ahs‚ aI-\mb lnkvIn-bm-hn\p D∑q-e\w sNøp-hm≥
km[n-®p. Blmkv acn-®-t∏mƒ Ahs\ cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS
I√-d-I-fn¬ AS°w sNbvXn√ (26). 19-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬
Blm-kns\ bn{km-tb¬ cmPm-sh∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p,
Nne Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ blqZm cmPm-°-∑msc C{]-Imcw
kwt_m-[\ sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p (2-Zn-\. 21:2t\m°pI).
M. lnkv°nbm cmPmhv (A. 29-˛32)
29:1˛11 lnkv°o-bm-hns‚ `c-Wt- Øm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬
thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ ]e A≤ym-b-߃ th¿Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-
∂p. 2 cmPm-°-∑m-cn¬ aq∂v A≤ym-b-ßfpw (18-˛20, sbi-
øm-hns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \mev A≤ym-b-ßfpw (36-˛39),
ChnsS\mev A≤ym-b-ßfpw Ah-\p-th≠n A\p-h-Zn-®n-
´p-≠v. 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ {][m-\-am-bpw Ahs‚ aX-]-
c-amb CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ, II cmPm-°-∑m-
cn¬ Ahs‚ cmjv{So-bhpw hntZ-in-b-hp-amb t\´-ß-sf-
°p-dn-®mWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. btlm-h-tbm-Sp≈
Ahs‚ `‡nbpw {it≤-b-amb Ahs‚ kz`mh khn-
ti-j-X-Ifpw Ccp ]pkvX-I-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-
∂p.
463
aX-t\-Xm-°∑ - m-tcm-Sv tN¿∂v lnkv°o-bmhv Xs‚ \ho-
I-cW {]hr-Øn-Iƒ Bcw-`n®p Ah≥ tehy-scbpw ]ptcm-
ln-X-∑m-scbpw hnfn®v Ah-tcmSp Xß-sf-Øs∂ ip≤o-
I-cn-°p-hm-\pw Bebw ip≤o-I-cn-°p-hm\pw Bh-iy-s∏-
´p. Xß-fpsS ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS Ahn-iz-kvXX \nanØw
btlm-hb - psS D{K-tIm]w tZi-Øn-t∑epw P\-Øn-t∑epw
h∂v CXn-t\m-SIw Ah-cn¬ At\-I-¿ sIm√-s∏-Sp-I-bpw
At\-I¿ {]hm-kn-I-fm-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-I-gn-™p.
ssZh-ap-ºmsI t\tcmsS \S-∏m≥ cmPmhv Xmev]-cy-s∏-
´p. A{]-Imcw sNøp-hm≥ Ah≥ tehy-tcmSpw ]ptcm-
ln-X-∑m-tcmSpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
29:12˛24 12-˛14 hmIy-ß-fn¬ t]cp-]-d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂
tehy¿, cmPm-hns‚ Iev]\ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Xß-
fp-sS ktlm-Z-c-∑msc \S-Øn. afi]w ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-
Xn\v (hm. 18) F´p Znh- k - s a- S p- Ø p. AXp- t ]mse,
Bebw am{Xw ip≤o-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n\p F´p-Zn-hk
- s
- a-SpØp
(hm. 17). Be-bØ - nse ip{iq-jI - ƒ°m-bp≈ ]m{X-߃
Ah¿ {Iao-I-cn-®p-h-®p, F∂n´v HSp-hn-em-bn, cmPm-hns‚
Iev]\ - {- ]-Imcw F√m Imcy-ßf - pw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v
Ahs\ Adn- b n- ® p. A\- ¥ - c w, cmPy- Ø n- \ p- t h≠n
lnkv°o-bmhv Hcp ]m]-bmKw A¿∏n-®p. ]m]-bm-K-Øn-
s‚bpw tlma-bm-K-Øn-s‚bpw c‡w bmK-]oTw ip≤o-
I-cn-∏m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®p.
29:25˛36 Zmho-Zns‚ ImeØv \nb-an-®m-°nb {]Imcw
]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw tehycpw X߃°m-bp≈ ÿm\Øv
\ne-bp-d∏- n-®p, tlma-bm-Kß- ƒ A¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ka-
bØv hnip≤ D]-Ic - W
- ß- ƒ hmbn-®p-sIm≠v Ah¿ ]m´p-
Iƒ ]mSn, Bcm-[-\-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØ Ghcpw tehy-tcmSp
IqsS Xe-Ip-\n®p hµn-®p, IqSmsX \√ a\- p-≈-h-scm-
s°bpw tlma-bm-Kß - fpw kvtXm{X-bm-Kß- fpw A¿∏n®p
arK-ßsf sIm∂p tXmep-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬, tehy¿ ]ptcm-
ln-X-∑msc klm-bn-°-Ø-°-hÆw A[n-I-am-bn-cp∂p
kzta-[m-Zm-\-߃, Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿
Xß-sf-Øs∂ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°mXn-cp∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv
tehy¿ klm-bn-t°-≠n-h-∂-Xv. BI-kvan-I-am-bp≈ Cu
DW¿∆n¬ P\-߃ AXy-[nIw BÀm-Zn-®p. ImcWw
blq-Z-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ \s√mcp `mhn-bpsS {]Xym-
im-kv^p-cWw AXv Ah-cn¬ Df-hm-°n. F∂m¬ CXv
lnkv°o-bm-hns‚ \ho-I-c-W-Øns‚ XpS°w am{X-am-bn-
cp-∂p.
30:1˛5 lnkv°o-bm-hns‚ s]k-lm-s]-cp-∂mƒ ]p\x-
ÿm-]-\-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv 30-˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ apgp-h≥
hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cmPyw hn`-Pn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p
apºpsXm´p CtX-hsc AXp-t]mse AXp \S-Ø-s∏-´n-
´n√ (2-Zn-\. 8:13).
BZy-amkw cmPmhv Bebw hnip-≤o-I-cn®v AXnse
ip{iq-j-Iƒ ]p\x-ÿm-]n-®p. c≠mw-amkw s]klm
s]cp-∂m-fpw, ]pfn-∏n-√mØ A∏-Øns‚ s]cp-∂mfpw BN-
cn-∏m-\p≈ Hcp-°-߃ Ah≥ sNbvXp kwJy. 9:11 A\p-
k-cn®v Hcp-h≥ ih-Øm¬ Aip-≤-\m-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm Hcp
bm{X-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ hnZq-c-X-bn-em-bn-cn-°tbm
sNøp-tºm-gmWv c≠mw amkw s]kl BN-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
464 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 30,31,32
lnkvIo-bm-hns‚ hnj-b-Øn¬ bYm-k-abw AXm-bXv
H∂mw amk-Øn¬ s]kl A\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ Ign-
bmsXbncp-∂-Xns‚ ImcWw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ th≠p-∂-
{Xbpw t]¿ Xß-sf-Øs∂ hnip-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂-
XmWv (hm. 3). AXv Hcp tZio-tbm-’-h-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬
P\sØ apgph≥ AXn-te°v £Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-
∂p, AXp-sIm≠v blq-Z-bnepw bn{k-tb-enepw DS-\ofw
ZqX-∑msc Ab-®p, sbcp-i-te-an¬ IqSn-h-cp-hm≥ P\-
tØmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. Cu ka-bØv bn{km-tb¬ Aiq-
cns‚ Hcp `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p, Ah¿ P\-Øn-¬ At\-Isc
ASn-aI
- f
- m°n ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw Aiq-
cns‚ FXn¿∏p-Iq-SmsX tijn-°p∂ bn{km-tb-ens\
£Wn-°p-hm≥ lnkv°o-bm-hn\p Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
30:6˛12 btlm-h-bn-¶-te°v Xncn-bp-hm≥ Xßsf
DXvt_m-[n-∏n® hm¿Øm-hm-lI- ∑- m¿ bn{km-tb-ey¿ an°-
hcpw \nµn-®p. F¶nepw sNdn-sbm-cp-Iq´w A\p-X-]n®v
s]k-l-bn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-hm≥ lnkv°o-bm-hns‚ hmgvN-
bpsS BZy kwh-’-c-amb BC. 716-715¬ (2-Zn-\. 29:3)
sbcp-i-te-an-te°p bm{X Xncn-®p.
30:13˛15 P\-Øns‚ XojvW-X-I≠v tehycpw ]ptcm-
ln-X∑
- mcpw e÷n-®p-t]m-bn, AXn-\m¬ Xß-fpsS I¿Ø-
hy-߃ IqSp-X¬ Kuc-h-I-c-ambn IW-°m-°pIbpw sN-
bvXp. PmXob amen-\y-߃ \o°n Ah¿ ]´-WsØ
ip≤o-I-cn-®p, hn{K-lm-cm-[-\m-kw-_-‘-amb F√m Ah-
in-jvS-ßfpw Ah¿ Int{Zm≥ tXm´n-se-dn™p If-™p.
30:16˛27 BNm-c]
- c- a- mbn Aip-≤c
- m-bn-cp-∂h
- sc tehy¿
klm-bn-®p. P\-Øns‚ {Ia-t°-Sp-Iƒ I≠n-s√∂p \Sn-
®v, Ah-cpsS lrZ-ba - t- \m-`mhw kzoI-cn®v Ah-tcmSp £an-
t°-W-sa∂v lnkv°o-bmhv btlm-h-tbmSp {]m¿∞n-®p.
btlmh A{]-Imcw sNbvXp. ]nt∂bpw Ggp-Zn-hkw IqSn
D’hw BN-cn-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-°-Ø-°-hÆw ]pfn-
∏n-√mØ A∏-Øns‚ s]cp-∂mƒ A{X-am{Xw P\-Øn\p
kt¥m-j-am-bn-cp-∂p. \o´-s∏´ Cu D’-hm-N-c-W-Øn-
\p≈ arK-ßsf cmPmhpw {]`p-°-∑mcpw tN¿∂p \evIn.
Aßs\ sbcp-i-te-an¬ alm-k-t¥mjw D≠m-bn. k¿∆-
k-`bpw A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-´p. bn{km-tb-ens‚ kph¿Æ-
Im-eL- ´- Ø
- n¬ Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂X - p-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp∂p
kwK-Xn-Iƒ. Aßs\ Hcn-°¬ IqSn btlm-hb - psS ]ptcm-
lnX∑mcpsS {]m¿∞\ kz¿§-Øn¬ tI´p.
31:1 31-˛mw A≤ym-b-Øns‚ {]mcw-`-hm-Iyw, AXn\p
apºsØ A≤ym-bØ - nse Ah-km-\h - m-Iy-hp-ambn _‘-
s∏-´p-≈X - m-Wv. bn{km-tb-en¬\n-∂pw h∂-h¿ sbcp-itew
hn´-t∏mƒ, blq-Z, s_\ym-an≥, F{^-bow, a\-s» F∂n-
hn- S - ß - f n- s e hn{K- l - ß fpw hn{K- l - _ - e n- ] o- T - ß fpw
kºq¿Æ-ambn \in-∏n®p If-™n´mWv Xß-fpsS `h-\-
ß-fn-te°v Ah¿ aS-ßn-t∏m-b-Xv.
31:2˛10 A\-¥cw lnkv°o-bmhv tehy-scbpw ]ptcm-
ln- X - ∑ m- s cbpw Xß- f psS Iqd- \ p- k - c n®v ip{iq- i -
Iƒ°mbn \nb-an-®-tijw Zimwiw aptJ\ Ah¿°p≈
Hmlcn kuI-cy-s∏-Sp-Øn. P\-߃ hfsc HuZm-cy-]q¿∆w
{]Xn-I-cn-®-Xp-sIm≠v Xn∂p Xr]vX-cmbn hfsc tijn-
∏n-°p-hm≥ am{Xw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
31:11˛19 an®w hcp∂ km[-\-ß-ƒ kq£n-°p-hm≥
Be-b-Øns‚ ]m¿iz-ß-fn¬ {]tXyI apdn-I-fp-≠mbn-cp-
∂p. AXn\p ta¬t\m´w hln-°p-hm≥ {]m]vXc - mb Bfp-
I-sfbpw \nb-an-®m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cp-sS- t]cp-Iƒ
t]mepw {]tXyIw FSpØp ]d-b-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. ssZh-\m-a-
Øn-\p-th≠n {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hmtcm hy‡n-sbbpw
ssZhw {i≤n-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-WXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
Zimwiw sImSp-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘-amb \nbaw (]-
Øn-sem-∂)v ]pXnb \nb-aØ
- n¬ Iev]n-°s
- ∏-´n-´n-s√-¶nepw
hyh-ÿm-\p-kr-X-amb Hcp Hmlcn sImSp-°p-∂Xp ]Tn-
∏n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.
31:20,21 lnkvIn-bm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ {]iwkm hN-\-
ß-tfmSp IqSn-bmWv 31-˛-mw A≤ymbw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-
Xv. Ah≥ ssZh-Øn-\p-th≠n sNbvXs - Xm-s°bpw ]q¿Æ
lrZ-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p sNbvX-Xv. Ah≥ A`n-
hr-≤n-s∏-´-Xn¬ bmsXm-c-Xn-i-b-hp-an-√.!
32:1˛8 hSt° tKm{X-ßsf ASn-a-I-fm°n ]nSn-®p-sIm-
≠pt]mbti-jw, (2-cm-Pm- 17) Ct∏mƒ AXp-t]mse blq-
Z-tbbpw sNøp-sa∂v Biq¿ `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-
cn-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. sk≥tl-cn-_n\v apºv I∏w sImSp-Øp-
sIm-≠n-cp∂ lnkv°o-bmhv (2-cm-Pm. 18:13˛16) AXp-t]mse
Xs‚ cmP-Xzhpw Ct∏mƒ Aiq-cn\v ASn-b-dhp hbv°p-
hm≥ kΩ¿±w sNep-Ø-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
sk≥tl-co_v blq-Zsb B{I-an-®-t∏mƒ lnkv°o-
bmhv {]Xn-Ic - n-®X
- n-{]-Im-ca
- m-W.v ]´-WØ
- n-\v shfn-bn-ep≈
Pe-hn-X-cWw Xm≥ hntO-Zn®p sbcp-i-te-ans‚ aXn¬
A‰-Ip-‰∏ - Wn Xo¿Øv ]p\¿\n¿Ωn®p; Bbp-[ß - ƒ \evIn
]S- \ m- b - I - ∑ msc k÷o- I - c n- ® v , IqSm- s X, Biq¿
ssk\ysØ `b-s∏-SmsX btlm-h-bn-¶-te°v t\m°p-
hm≥ P\sØ t{]m’m- l n- ∏ n- ® p. Pn. Iymºv s _¬
tam¿K≥ Fgp-Xp-∂Xv:
i‡-amb Hcp i{Xp-ssk\yw Cu {]tXyI Ah-k-c-
Øn¬ cmPysØ B{I-an-°pI F∂Xv Xs‚ Zmks‚
hniz-kvX-X-bv°p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ hnNn-{X-amb Hcp adp-
]-Sn-bmbn ImW-s∏-t´-°mw. Cu hnh-c-W-Øn¬ ImW-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ hni-Zo-I-c-W-߃ Cu Ncn-
{X-tØmSp≈ _‘-Øn¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. 2cm-Pm-°-∑m¿
18:7˛16 ¬ AXp sImSp- Ø n- ´ p- ≠ v . Xs‚ ]nXm- h mb
Blmkv Npa- ° m- s a- t ∂- ‰ n- c p∂ Biq- c ns‚ \pIw
lnkv°o-bmhv Zqsc-sb-dn-™p-If - ™
- p-sh∂v B `mK-Øp-
\n∂v \ap°p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≠.v At∏m-gmWv
sk≥tl-co_v blqZm B{I-an-®-Xv. Hcp _e-lo-\-\n-an-
j-Øn¬, Ahs\ hne-bv°p-hm-ßp-hm≥ th≠n, Ahs‚
`c-W-Øn\p Iogvs∏-´p-sIm≠v lnkv°o-bmhv Ah\v
`mcn® I∏w sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ \ncp-]m-[n-I-amb
Hcp Iog-S-߬ Ct∏mƒ sk≥tl-co_v Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xp-
sIm-≠v, AXns‚ A\-¥-c-^-e-߃ Ah≥ B{K-ln®
{]Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xs‚ Xs∂ Nm©-ey-Øns‚ ^e-
am-bp-≠mb Cu sshj-ay-L-´-Øn¬, Ahs‚ hnizm-
 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 32,33
khpw ss[cyhpw ]pXp-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. i{Xp
ssk\ysØ Iog-S-°p-hm-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Ah≥ [rX-
K-Xn-bn¬ kzoI-cn-®p. Pe-hn-X-cWw \n¿Ø-em-°n. tIm´-
Iƒ sI´n Dd-∏p-≈-Xm-°n. Xs‚ ssk\ysØ bp≤-Øn-
\m-sbm-cp-°n, Ah-km-\-ambn ""Ah-tcmSp IqsS-bp-≈-h-
cnepw hen-sbm-cp-h≥ \tΩmSp IqsS-bp≠v'' F∂v P\-
Øn\p Dd∏pw \evIn (27).
32:9˛19 emJoiv \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬
Aiq¿ cmPmhv lnkv°o-bm-hn-s\bpw P\-sØbpw ]cn-
l-kn®v Xm≥ CXn-t\m-SIw Iog-S-°nb tZh-∑m-sc-°mƒ
i‡-\√ btlmh F∂p kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v lnkv°o-
bm-hns‚ hm°p tIƒ°msX Iog-S-ßp-∂-XmWv _p≤n-
]- c - s a∂p P\- t ØmSp \n¿t±- i n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p.
lnkv°o-bm-hns‚ \ho-I-c-W-ßsf Ipdn®v Aiq-cy¿
t]mepw tI´n-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv 12-˛mw hmIyw kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv. F∂m¬ lnkv°obm cmPm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ P\-Øns‚
Iqdv , btlm- h - b psS i‡n Cu c≠p Imcy- ß - ƒ
sk≥tl-co-_n\p hniz-kv\o-b-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
32:2-0˛23 sk≥ tlco_n btlm-hsb \nµn-®-ti-jw,
lnkv°o-bmhpw sbi-ømhpw btlm-ht- bmSp \ne-hn-fn®p
{]m¿∞n-®p. At∏mƒ btlmh Hcp ZqXs\ Ab-®p,
Ah≥ Aiq¿ ssk\ysØ tOZn-®p-I-f™p. A]-am-\n-
X-\mb sk≥tl-co_v kz`-h-\-Øn-te°p aS-ßn-t∏m-bn,
]n∂oSv Xs‚ tZhs‚ t£{X-Øn¬ h®v kz]p-{X-∑m-
cm¬ sIm√-s∏-´p.
32:24˛26 lnkv°o-bm-hns‚ tcmKhpw hnSp-Xepw
sk≥tl-cn-_ns‚ D]-tcm-[-Øn\p apºm-bn-cp∂p \S-∂-
sX∂v tXm∂p-∂p. Xs‚ tcmK-Øn¬ Xm≥ btlm-h-
tbmSp \ne-hn-fn-®t- ∏mƒ btlmh Ahs‚ Bbp p \o´n-
s°m-Sp-Øp. kqcy≥ Hcp ]Sn ]pd-tIm´p Cd-ßnb Hcp
AS-bm-ft- Øm-sS-bmWv AXp Dd-∏m-°n-bX
- v. btlm-hb
- psS
Cu Zbbv°p X°-hÆw Xm≥ {]Xn-I-cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-
sIm-≠v, btlmh Ah-t\mSp tIm]n-®p. F∂m¬ Ah≥
Xs∂-Øm≥ XmgvØn-b-Xp-sIm-≠v, Xs‚ ac-Ww-hsc B
in£m-hn[n blq-Z-bpsS ta¬ h∂n-√.
32:27˛30 Xs‚ [\hpw am\hpw IqSm-sX, Int{Zm≥
Xmgvhc-bnse Hcp Dd-hn¬\n∂pw sh≈w sbcp-i-te-an-
\p-≈nse Hcp Ir{Xna XSm-I-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-
Xn\v Xm≥ D≠m-°nb Iev]m-Ønbpw {]tXyIw {]Xn-]m-
Zn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. (Cu \o¿]m-Øn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ IqSp-X¬
hni-Zo-I-c-W-߃°v 2 cmPm-°-∑m¿ 20:20 ImWp-I).
32:31 _mt_- e n¬ \n∂p h∂ ZqX- ∑ m¿ ssZhw
lnkv°o-bm-hn\p \evInb kz¿§ob AXn-i-b-߃
\nanØw KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øn. Ah≥ tPymXn¿tKmfß-
fmb kqcy-s\bpw \£-{X-ß-sfbpw Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂-Xp-
sIm-≠v, Cu Imcy-Øn¬ Ah¿°p {]tXyI Xmev]-cy-ap-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cmPmhv hnth-I-iq-\y-\mbn Ahsc Xs‚
kº-sØm-s°bpw ImWn-®p. AXv kz¥-am-°m-\p≈
B{Klw AXv Ah-\n¬ P\n-∏n-®p. s]s´∂v Xs∂ \nd-
th-‰-s∏-Sp-hm≥ t]mIp∂ Hcm-{K-l-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
32:32,33 lnkv°o-bm-hns‚ a‰p≈ hrØm-¥-߃
465
sbi-øm-hns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. sbl-
kv°n-bmhv acn-®-t∏mƒ Ahs\ kI-e-hn[ _lp-am-\-
ß-tfmSpw IqsS AS°w sNbvXp. Ahs‚ aI-\mb a\-
s» Ah\p ]Icw cmPm-hm-bn.
N. cmPm-hmb a\s» (33:1˛20)
33:1˛11 ssZh-`-‡n-bp≈ Hcp ]nXmhv a\-s»-bv°p≠m-
bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Xs∂bpw blq-Z-bnse G‰hpw ZpjvS-`-
cWw a\-s»-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Imew,
AXm-bXv 55 h¿jw Ah≥ `cWw \S-Øn. a\-s»-bpsS
]m]-ß-fpsS ]´nIbpw hfsc ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
Xs‚ hn{K-l-߃sIm≠v Ah≥ ssZh-Øns‚ \K-chpw
Be-bhpw Aip-≤-am-°n. IqSmsX s_≥-˛-lnt∂mw
Xmgvhc-bn¬ inip-°sf tamse-°n\v A·n-{]-thiw sNøn-
°p∂ {]hr-Ønbpw Ah≥ ]p\-ÿm-]n-®p. sIme-]m-XIw
ÿncw ioe-am-°nb Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah≥. (2-cm-
Pm. 21:16). Ah≥ Zn\wtXmdpw h[-in-£b - v°p≈ Iev]\
sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv tPmko-^kv ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xv.
{]hm-NI - \- mb sbi-øm-hns\ Ah≥ Cu¿®-hmƒsIm≠v
c≠mbn Adp-Øp-sIm-∂p-sh-∂mWv ]mc-ºcyw ]d-bp-∂Xv
(F-{_m. 11:37 ˛se ""Cu¿®-hm-fm¬ Adp-°-s∏´p''sh∂
{]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ Cu ]mc-ºcyw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p-≠m-hmw).
a\s» btlm-h-bpsS hm°p-tI´v Xs‚ ZpjvSX hn´p-Xn-
cn-bp-hm≥ Iq´m-°m-™-Xp-sIm≠v Ahs\ Xs∂ Aiq-
cns‚ A[o-\X - b
- n-em-bn-cp∂ _mt_-en-te°p ]nSn-®p-sIm-
≠p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ btlmh Aiq¿ cmPm-hns\ DW¿Øn.
33:12˛20 a\-s»-bpsS A\p-Xm-]-sØ-°p-dn®v II Zn\-
hr-Øm¥w am{Xta {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≈p (18-˛mw hmIy-
Ønse kqN-\, Imt\m-\n-I-amb cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-
IsØ Ipdn-®p-≈-Xm-Wv). F√m-hn[ \nµy-hn-{K-l-ß-
sfbpw h¿j-ß-fmbn tkhn®p h∂n-cp∂ a\s» HSp-
hn¬, btlmh Xs∂ ssZh-sa∂p a\- n-em°n am\-km-
¥-c-s∏-´p. btlm-h-tbm-Sp≈ hniz-kvX-X-bn¬ P\sØ
aS-°n-h-cp-Øp-hm≥ X∂m-em-hXp sNbvXp-sIm-≠v, Xs‚
cmPy-Øp-\n∂v hn{K-lm-cm-[\ XpS-®p-am-‰n. 17-˛mw hmIy-
Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ ]qPm-Kn-cn-Iƒ, sbcp-i-te-an¬
\n∂p Zqsc-bp≈ ÿe-ß-fn¬ btlm-hbv°p bmKw Ign-
°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂h
- b
- m-Wv. \ymb-{]-am-W{- ]-Imcw
hne-°-s∏´ Imcy-am-bn-cp∂p AXv, ]t£ GXp hn[-am-
bmepw A∂v AXv \S-Øn-t∏m-∂p.
O. cmPm-hmb Btam≥ (33:21˛25)
a\-s»-bpsS ac-W-tijw Ahs‚ aI≥ Xs‚ \ho-
I-c-W-߃ ]n≥Xp-S¿∂n-√. adn®v Ahs‚ apºn-esØ
]m]-ßf - mWv Ah≥ ]n≥]-‰n-bX
- .v bph-cm-Pm-hmb Btam\v
c≠p-h¿jw am{Xta cmPyw `cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p-≈p. A\-
¥cw Ahs‚ `rXy-∑m¿ Xs‚ Ac-a-\-bn¬ h®p-Xs∂
Ahs\ sIm∂p-I-f-™p. F∂m¬ tZi-Ønse P\w
Btams‚ LmX-I-∑msc sIm∂n´v Ahs‚ aI-\mb
tbmio-bm-hns\ Ah\p ]Icw cmPm-hm-°n.
P. cmPm-hmb tbmio-bmhv (A. 34,35)
34:1˛7 a\s» \K-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw \o°n-°-f™
466 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 34,35
kar-≤-amb Fkv{Utem¨ Xmgvhc
(33:15) hn{K-lm-cm-[\m]c-amb _en-]o-T-߃ Btam\pw
Ahs‚ Bfp-Ifpw tN¿∂v aS-°n-s°m≠p h∂n-cp-∂p.
Xs‚ hmgvN-bpsS F´mw B≠n¬, Xs‚ bu∆-\-Øn¬
Xs∂, tbmio- b mhv Xs‚ ]nXm- h mb Zmho- Z ns‚
ssZhsØ At\z-jn®p XpS-ßn. \mep-h¿j-߃ Ign-
™-t∏mƒ Ah≥ Xs‚ \ho-I-cW {]hr-Øn-Iƒ Bcw-
`n-®p. hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p≈ kIe km[-
\-ß-fpw Ah≥ ]q¿Æ-ambn \in-∏n-®p. Ahsb IØn®p
If-I-tbm, CSn-®p-s]m-Sn-bm-°tbm sNbvXp. Aßs\
AtX sX‰p-Iƒ ho≠pw Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√∂v
tbmio-bmhv Dd∏p hcp-Øn. bn{km-tb-en¬ FØm-hp∂
CS-ß-fn-se√mw Ah≥ Xs‚ \ho-I-cW {]hr-Øn-Iƒ
hym]n-∏n-®p.
34:8˛18 X\n°p apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ henb \ho-I-c-W-
°m-sc-t∏mse Be-b-Øns‚ A‰-Ip-‰-∏W -- n-Iƒ Xo¿°p-
∂-Xn-te°v Ah≥ Xs‚ {i≤-Xn-cn-®p. XXv^-e-ambn
\ymb-{]-am-W-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ Hcp ]Xn∏v Is≠-Øp-I-
bpw, AXp cmPm-hns‚ apºmsI hmbn®p tIƒ∏n-°-
bpw sNbv Xp. bYm¿∞ hnizm-k-Øns‚ sNdptXm
heptXm Bb GsXmcp DW¿∆n-epw ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚
D]-tZ-i-kw-_-‘-amb Hcp Is≠-ج Dƒs∏-´n-´p-≠v. 16-
˛mw \q‰m-≠nse G‰hpw henb \ho-I-c-Whpw AXn¬
\n∂pw Hgn-hm-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√.
34:19˛28 AXnse Xm°o-Xp-Iƒ Kuc-h-am-sb-SpØ
tbmio-bmhv Icp-W-bv°p≈ Ah-kcw tijn-°p-∂pthm
F∂-dn-bp-hm≥ Ah≥ lp¬Zm {]hm-N-In-bpsSbSp-°¬
Bfp-Isf Ab-®p. F∂m¬ ssZh-tIm]w blq-Z-bpsS
ta¬ hcpw F∂Xv ÿnco-Ic - n-°p-∂X
- m-bn-cp∂p Ah-fpsS
hm°p-Iƒ. F¶nepw tbmio-bmhv btlm-h-bpsS hN\w
hniz-kn®v Xs∂-Øm≥ XmgvØp-Ibpw Ahs‚ lrZbw
Aen-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-sIm≠v blq-Z-bpsS A\¿∞w
Ah≥ ImtW-≠n-h-cn-I-bn-√.
34:29˛32 in£m-hn[n hcp-sa-∂Xp Xo¿®-bmWv F∂v
tbmio-bm-hn\p Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂n´pw Ah≥ P\sØ
Iq´n-hc- pØn btlm-hb - psS apºmsI Hcp \nbaw sNbvXp.
btlm-hb -- psS hN\w Ah≥ P\-Øn\p apºmsI Ah-
X-cn-∏n-®-Xp-sIm≠v Xß-fpsS Ahÿ F{X ]cn-Xm-]-I-
c-sa-∂pw. A\p-Xm-]Ø - ns‚ Bh-iy-IX F{X-am-{X-sa∂pw
Ah¿°p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p.
34:33 i‡-amb t\XrXzw \nan-Øw, Xs‚ Poh-Im-e-
sØm-s°bpw btlm-h-tbm-Sp≈ Bflm¿∞X h¿≤n-
∏n-°p-hm≥ X\n°p Ign-™p. 2cm-P-. 23:4˛20 hmIy-ß-
fn¬ 33-˛mw hmIy-Øns‚ D≈-S°w IqSp-X¬ hni-Z-amb
\ne-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. cmPyw ip≤o-I-cn-°-p-∂Xp
kw_-‘-amb tbmio-bm-hns‚ BZy-{i-at-- Ø-°mƒ \nb-
a-]p-kvXIw Is≠Øn btlm-h-bp-ambn \nbaw sNbvX-
Xn\p tij-ap≈ \ho-I-c-W-߃ IqSp-X¬ kºq¿Æ-am-
bn-cp-∂p.
35:1˛6 X\n°p apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ lnkv°o-bm-hn-s\-
t∏mse ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-scbpw tehy-scbpw Xm¥m-ß-
fpsS ip{iq-j-Iƒ°mbn tbmio-bmhv ss[cy-s∏-Sp-Øn.,
hnip-≤-s]-´Iw Be-b-Øn¬ XncnsI hbv°p-hm-\pw,
Iqdns‚ {Ia-a-\p-k-cn®v Xß-sf-Øs∂ {Iao-I-cn-°p-hm-
\pw, Be-b-Øn¬ Xm¥m-߃°p≈ ÿm\w DZm-Ø-am-
°p-hm-\pw, s]klm BN-c-W-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬
Xß-sf-Øs∂ ip≤o-I-cn®p Hcp-ßp-hm\pw Ah≥ Ah-
tcmSp Iev ] n- ® p. s]´Iw Be- b - Ø n¬ \n∂p am‰n
Ct∏mƒ XncnsI sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®p ]e A`n-
{]m-b-ß-fp-≠v. s]´Iw Aip-≤-am-°-s∏-SmsX kwc-£n-
°p-hm≥ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ Hcp ÿe-Øp-\n∂pw as‰m-cn-S-
tØ°v AXp tXmfn¬ Npa-∂p-sIm≠p t]mbn-cn-°mw.
a\-s»tbm AXp-t]mse hn{K-lm-cm-[n-bmb at‰-sX-¶nepw
cmPmthm AXv AhnsS \n∂pw \o°p-hm≥ Iev]n-®n-cp-
∂n-cn-°mw. As√-¶n¬ tbmio-bm-hp-Xs∂ Bebw ]p\x-
 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 35,36
ÿm-]n-°p-∂X - n-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ AXv as‰-hn-sS-s°-
¶nepw am‰n-b-Xm-hmw.
35:7˛19 Aiq-cy¿\n-anØw tZiw Zcn-{Zm-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-
cp-∂-Xn-\m¬, D’-h-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb arK-ß-fn¬ Gdnb
]¶pw \evIn-bXv tbmio-bm-hm-bn-cp-∂p, IqSmsX {]`p-
°-∑mcpw ]ptcm-ln-X∑ - mcpw Xß-fm¬ Ign-bp-∂Xp \evIn
s]k-lmbv°pw ]pfn-∏n-√mØ A∏-Øns‚ s]cp-∂m-fn-
\p-ap≈ tassiI \nb-a-߃ enJn-X-ß-fm¬ ]n≥Xp-S-c-
s∏-´n-cp-∂p. kvtXm{X-Ko-Xß
- ƒ Be-]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
Ah-kc - Ø
- n¬ iap-th¬ {]hm-NI- s‚ Imew apX¬ CtX-
hsc BN-cn-®n-´n-√mØ Xc-Øn¬ {it≤-b-amb Hcp
s]klm cmPmhpw P\-ßfpw tN¿∂v BN-cn-®p. AXv
G‰hpw heptXm As√-¶n¬ hfsc hn]p-e-amb \ne-bn-
ep-≈tXm Bbn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw btlm-hbv°p hf-sc-b-
[nIw {]km-Za - m-bp≈ H∂m-bn-cp∂p AXv. Hcp-]t£ Bcm-
[-\-bpsS KpW-hn-tijw sIm≠m-hmw. hen-btXmXn¬
Beb ]p\x-ÿm-]\w \S∂ AtX h¿jw Xs∂-bm-bn-
cp∂p Cu s]kl BN-c-Whpw \S-∂Xv (hm. 19, 34:8
ambn Xmcflyw sNøp-I).
35:20˛24 tbmio- b m- h ns‚ ASpØ ]Xn- a q∂p
h¿jsØ `c-W-sØ-°p-dn®v H∂pw Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂n-√.
Ah\p ap∏-Øn-sbm≥]Xp hb- p-≈-t∏mƒ, an{kbow
cmPm-hmb s\tJm-tbmSp bp≤wsNøp-hm≥ ]pd-s∏-´p.
an{k-boay ssk\yw At∏mƒ _mt_-en-s\-Xnsc bp≤w
sNøp-hm≥ ]pd-s∏-´p. an{k-boay ssk\yw At∏mƒ
_mt_-en-s\w-Xnsc bp≤w sNøp-hm≥ Aiq-cns‚ Hmcw
tN¿∂v \oßp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p (2-cm-Pm. 23:29). s\tJm-bpsS
\o°-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ btlm-h-bpsS Ic-ap-s≠∂p k¶-
ev]n-°p-hm≥ t]mepw tbmio-bm-hn\p Ign-™n-√. Xs∂-
bp-a√ B ^d-thms‚ hm°p-Iƒ icn-bm-tWm-sb∂v
btlm-h-tbmSp Acp-f-∏mSp tNmZn-∏m≥ Ah≥ Xp\n-™-
Xp-an-√. Xm≥ thjw amdn-bmWv bp≤w sNbvX-sX-¶nepw
]S-bn¬sh®v sIm√-s∏´p (28). Ahs‚ \jvS-Øn¬ P\w
hf-sc-b-[nIw hne]n®p. tbmio-bmhv t]mb-tXmsS
ssZhoI tIm]w Bk-∂-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v btlm-h-bpsS
hm°v hniz-kn-®-h¿°v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp∂p (34:22˛28).
Cu kw`- h - ß - t fm- S p≈ _‘- Ø n¬ tPm¨
ssh‰vtIm-Uns‚ A`n-{]mbw t\m°p-I.
]g-b-\n-ba Ncn-{X-Ønse hnNn-{X-ß-fmb kw`h D]-
Jym-\-ß-fn-sem∂v ChnsS kw`-hn-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv. an{k-bo-
anse PmXob cmPm-hmb s\tJm c≠m-a≥, ""ssZhw
Ft∂mSp _≤-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Iev]n-®n-cn-°p∂p'' AXp-sIm≠v
ssZhn-I-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ CS-s]-´m¬ ssZhw Ahs\ \in-∏n-
°p-sa∂v tbmio-bm-hns\ Adn-bn®p (2-Zn-\. 35:21). Hcp
{]Nm-cWw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw AØ-c-samcp
{]kvXmhw \mw DS-\Sn X≈n-°-f-bp-tºmƒ Zn\-hr-Øm-
¥-°m-cs‚ AXp kw_-‘n-®p≈ hni-Zo-I-cWw AXm-
bn-cp-∂n-√. ""s\tJm ]d™ ssZh-h-N-\-ßsf tbmio-
bmhp tI´n√'' F∂mWv Xm≥ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v. AXn-
t\-°m-fp-]c- n, tbmio-bmhp sIm√-s∏-´X- p-sIm≠v s\tJm-
bpsS hm°p- I ƒ hniz- k n- ° - s ∏- S p- I bpw sNbv X p.
467
F¥mWv AXv A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv? A\p-k-c-W-t°Sp
\nanØw tbmio-bm-hns‚ c£ \jvSa - mtbm? C√, Ah≥
kam-[m-\-tØmsS acn-°pw (2-Zn-\. 34:28) F∂p lp¬Zm
]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Aßs\ Hcn-°epw kw`-hn-
®n-´n-√. ^d-thm≥ s\tJm btlm-h-bpsS Hcp {]hm-N-
I≥ Bbn-cp-∂pthm? A√, ImcWw Xß-fpsS lrZ-b-
Øn\p cq]m-¥c - a
- p-≠m-ImsX Xs∂ ]e Ah-kc - ß
- f
- nepw
ssZhw PmXob cmPm-°∑ - m-tcmSv t\cn´p kwkm-cn-®n-´p≠v
(D-ev]. 12:17˛20; 20:3˛7-t\m-°p-I). {^mØn\p t\sc bp≤
Iuiew {]tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ an{k-boay ssk\y-sØ-°p-
dn®v ssZhw B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ am{Xta
Aiq¿ ssk\y-sØ-t∏mse AXn-s\bpw s\_p-J-Zvt\-
k-cn\p \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. _mt_¬
blq-Zsb Iog-S°n in£n®p \∂m-°p-sa-∂p≈ ssZhoI
ap∂-dn-bn∏v Aßs\ \nd-th-‰-s∏Spw F∂n-ßs\ \ap°v
AXv D]-kw-l-cn°mw (bn-c. 25:8˛11 t\m°p-I) (29).
35:25-˛27 tbmio-bm-hns‚ ac-W-Øn¬ bnc-aymhv hne-
]n-®p. {]hm-kØ - n-\p-ti-jhpw kwKo-X° - m¿ Ah-s\ Ipdn-
t®m¿Øp. tbmio-bmhv btlm-h-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-W-a-\p-
k-cn®v Pohn-®p. B Hscm‰ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ a\p-jy-\m-
bn-cp∂p Ah≥. btlm-hb - psS hN-\Ø- n¬ Ahs‚ hniz-
kvXX Ft∂-°p-am-bn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. bnc.
22:16 ¬ \mw hmbn-°p-∂p, ""Ah≥ Ffn-b-h\pw Zcn-{Z\pw
\ymbw ]men-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp, A∂p Ah\p \∂m-bn-cp∂p,
CX-√tbm Fs∂ AdnI F∂p-≈-Xv? F∂p btlm-h-
bpsS Acp-f-∏m-Sv. tbmio-bm-hv ssZhsØ Adn-™Xv
Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS sXfn-bn®p ImWn-®p. Ah≥
t\csØ Xs∂ AXm-bXv Xs‚ bu∆-\-Øn¬ Xs∂
btlm- h sb At\z- j n®p XpSßn (34:3). A\- ¥ cw
X\n°p e`n® shfn-®-Øn¬ {i≤m-]q¿∆w Ah≥ \S-
∂p. ""Ah-s\-t∏mse ]q¿Æ lrZ-b-tØm-Spw, ]q¿Æ-a-\-
t mSpw ]q¿Æ-i-‡n-tbmSpw IqsS tamsi-bpsS \ymb-
{]-amW {]Im-cs - am-s°bpw btlm-hb - n-¶t- e°p Xncn™
Hcp cmPmhv apºp-´m-bn-´n-√. ]nºp Hcp-Ø≥ Fgp-t∂-‰n-´p-
an√'' (2-cm-Pm-. 23:25).
Q. cmPm-hmb btlm-hm-lmkv (36:1˛3)
]e L´-ß-fn-em-bmWv blqZm {]hm-k-Øn-em-°-s∏-
´-Xv. BC. 605 ¬ s\_p-J-Zvt\-k¿ sbcp-i-te-an-te-°p-
h∂v btlm-bm-°o-ans\ B{in-X-\m-°n. Zm\n-tb¬
Dƒs∏sS At\-Isc ASn-a-I-fm°n _mt_-en-te°v
sIm≠p-t]mbn (2cm-Pm.24:1). B.C. 597 ¬s\_p-J-tZ-t\-
k¿ ho≠pw sbcp-itew B{I-an®v sbtlm-bm-°o-ans\
\mSp-I-S-Øn. sbl-kvt°¬ Dƒs∏sS ho≠pw At\-
Isc ASn-a-I-fm°n ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn (2-cm-Pm. 24:10).
Ah-km-\-ambn B.C. 586 ¬ s\_p-J-Zvt\-k¿ Bebw
\in-∏n-°bpw tZisØ Ffnb P\-ß-sfm-gnsI _m°n-
sb-√m-h-scbpw ASn-a-I-fm°n ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ibpw
sNbvXp (2-cm-Pm. 25:1˛10).
tIhew aq∂p-amkw sbtlm-hm-lmkv `cWw \SØn,
A\-¥cw an{kbow cmPmhv Ahs\ ÿm\ {`jvS-\m-°p-
I-bpw, `mcn® I∏w sImSp-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-
468 2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-߃ 36
\mbn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. bmsXmcp hn[-Ønepw Ah≥
tbmio-bm-hn-s\-t∏m-se-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√, Hcp Zpjv{]-hr-Øn-
°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p Ah≥. (2-cm-Pm. 23:31˛34-ambn Xmc-Xayw
sNøp-I). an{k-bo-an-te°p ]nSn®p sIm≠p-t]mb Ah≥,
AhnsS h®p acn-®p.
R. cmPm-hmb btlm-bm°ow (36:4˛8)
Feym°ow F∂pw hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ sbtlm-bm-°ow,
sbtlm-hm-lm-kns‚ aqØ ktlm-Zc - \
- m-bn-cp-∂p. s\tJm-
bmWv Ahs\ knwlm-k-\-ÿ-\m-°n-b-Xv. ZpjvS-X-
sIm≠v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ahs‚ ]Xn-
s\m∂p h¿jsØ `c-Ww. _n.-kn. 605 ¬ Bebw
sIm≈-b-Sn® s\_p-J-Zvt\-k-dn-\m¬ Ah≥ Ah-km-\n-
®p. sbtlm-bm-°o-ans\ _mt_-en-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-
Ip-hm≥ s\_p-J-Zvt\-k¿ B{K-ln-®p-sh-¶nepw \S-∂n-
√. Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-Ønepw AXns‚ ImcWw tcJ-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-´n-√. bnc-aymhp {]h-Nn-®-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ (bn-c.
22:19; 36:30), sbcp-i-te-an-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒXs∂ Ah≥
\oN-ambn am\-t°-tSmsS acn-®p-sh∂p am{Xta \ap-°-dn-
bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂p-≈p.
S. cmPm-hmb sbtlm-bm-Jo≥ (36:9,10).
cmPm-hm-b-t∏mƒ btlm-bm-Jo\v ]Xn-s\-´ph-b v
(NKJV am¿Pn≥ (30) {]mbap≠m-bn-cp-∂p. aq∂p-am-khpw
]Øp Znh-k-hpw- am{Xw `cn® Ah≥ sbcp-itew ]cn-
Xy-Pn®v tijn® ap∏-Øn-tb-gp-h¿jw _mt_-ense Imcm-
Kr-l-Øn¬ Ign-™p. s\_p-J-Zvt\-k-dns‚ ac-W-tijw
Ah≥ tamNn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw am\y-amb Hcp ]Z-hn-bn-
te°v ]n¬°m-eØv Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp (2-cm-
Pm. 25:27˛30).
T. knsZ-°nbm cmPmhv (36:11˛19)
a∞-\ym-hv F∂p adp-t]-cp≈ knsZ-°n-bmhv tbmin-
bm-hns‚ as‰mcp aI-\m-bn-cp-∂p. btlmbmJo≥ _m_n-
tem-\y-tcmSv Ahn-iz-kvXX ImWn-®t- ∏mƒ, Ah¿ Ah\p
]Icw knsZ-°n-bm-hn\p Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. Ah≥ btlm-
hbv°p A\n-jvS-am-bp-≈Xp sNøp-Ibpw, bnc-aym-{]-hm-
N-Is‚ apºn¬ Xs∂-Øm≥ XmgvØp-hm-≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. IqSmsX s\_p-J-Zvt\-k-cn-t\mSv
kXyw-sNbvX DS-ºSn Xm≥ ewLn-°bpw Ah-t\mSv a’-
cn°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 18 amkw \ne-\n∂ `bm-\-I-amb
Hcp D]-tcm-[-Øn-eqsS sbcp-itew IS-∂p-t]m-bn. _n.-
kn. 586 ¬ I¬Z-b¿ (_m-_n-tem-\y¿) ]´Ww ]nSn-s®-
Sp-Øt- ∏mƒ Ah¿ AXpw Be-bhpw \in-∏n-®p. tZisØ
Ffn-b-P\w HgnsI _m°n-sb-√m-h-scbpw Ah-≥ ASn-a-
I-fm°n ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn.
IV. _m_n-tem\y ASn-aØw (36:20,21)
490 kwh-’-c-am-bn´v blqZm P\w i∫Øp BN-cn-
®n-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Fgp-]Xp h¿j-tØ°v Xß-
fpsS tZiw \n¿_-‘nX i∫Øv BN-cn-°pw. Fgp-]Xp
h¿jsØ {]hmkw IW-°p-Iq-´p∂ hnhn[ coXn-I-sf-
°p-dn®v F{km ]pkvX-I-hym-Jym-\-Øns‚ BapJ-Øn¬
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp t\m°p-I.
V. ]m¿kn-cm-Pm-hmb tImsc-ins‚ hnfw-
_cw (36:22,23)
blq-Zm-P\w {]hm-k-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ taZy-
]m¿ky _mt_¬ Iog-S-°n. {]hmkw XpSßn Fgp]Xp
h¿jw ]n∂n-´t- ∏mƒ ]m¿kn-cm-Pm-hmb tImsciv blqZm
P\sØ Xß-fpsS kztZ-i-tØ°p aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-hm≥
A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp hnfw-_cw {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn.
]g-b\ - n-ba ]pkvXI - ß
- f- psS F{_mb {Ia-a\ - p-kc - n®v
Zn\-hr-Øm-¥-]p-kvX-I-߃ G‰hpw HSp-hn-em-bmWv hcp-
∂Xv F∂Xp {it≤-b-amb Hcp hnj-b-am-Wv. Hcp ""im]-
h-N\- Ø
- m¬'' (a-em-Jn. 4:6) Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂X- n-\p-]I
- cw
blqZm thZ-]p-kvXIw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ t{]m’m-l-P-\-
Ihpw amXr-Im-\p-km-ch - p-amb Ipdn-t∏mSp IqSn-bmWv Ah-
km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
]m¿kn-cm-Pm-hmb tImsciv C{]-Imcw Iev]n-°p-∂p.
kz¿§-Ønse ssZh-amb btlmh `qan-bnse kIe cmPy-
ß-sfbpw F\n°p X∂n-cn-°p∂p. blq-Z-bnse sbcp-i-
te- a n¬ Ah\p Hcp Bebw ]Wn- b p- h m≥ Ah≥
Ft∂mSp Iev]n-®p-an-cn-°p-∂p. \nßfn¬ Ahs‚ P\-am-
bn´p Bsc- ¶ nepw Ds≠- ¶ n¬, Ahs‚ ssZh- a mb
btlmh Ah-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS Ccn-°s´; Ah≥ bm{X ]pd-
s∏-Ss´!.
ENDNOTES
1(2;3-10) How much did Solomon pay Hiram? First
Kings. refers to a personal gift given to Hiram’s house-
hold while verse 10 refers to the supplies given to
Hiram’s workmen who were cutting lumber for
Solomon.
2(2:11-16) Who was Huram’s mother? Second
Chronicles 2:14 say she was a Danite while 1 Kings
says she was a widow from the tribe of Naphtali.
The answer is that she was a Danite whose first
husband was from the tribe of Naphtali; hence she
was a widow of Naphtali. Her second husband was
man of Tyre.
3(2:17,18) How many overseers were there on
the temple project: 3,600 (2:18) or 3,300 (1 Kgs. 5:16)?
There are two other important passages to consider
in resolving this problem. Second Chronicles 8:10 says

that Solomon had 250 officers who ruled over the
work. Add this numbers to the 3,600 overseers(2:18),
and you get 3,850.First Kings 9:23 numbers Solomon’s
officers at 550.Add this number to the 3,300 overseers
mentioned in 1 Kings5:16 and you get 3,850. The
total number of officers and overseers is therefore
the same in both books; the proportion is just
enumerated differently. The term “officers” refers to
industrial personnel (i.e., superintendants or foremen.)
4(3:1-4) Was the proch 120 cubits high(3:4) or 30
cubits (1Kgs. 6.2) high? Some say this is a copyist’s
error. Other, like Josephus, Maintain that 120 cubits
refers to s kind of turret.
5(3:14-17) Were the pillars in front of the temple
thirty-five cubits tall (3:15) or eighteen cubits (1Kgs.
7:15;Jer. 52:21 )? Notice that 1 Kings specifically
refers to the height of one pillar, while the margin of
verse 15 says the pillars were thirty-five cubits long
(i.e., together). In other words, thirty-five cubits was
the total length of the pillars, which were probably
cast in one piece and then cut in two. This would
make the two pillars eighteen cubits each (to the
nearest cubit).
6(4:1-22) The measurements give for the Laver
in 4:2 are sometimes used to show that the Bible
contains error. If the diameter was ten cubits (180"),
the circumference would be 180 times pi(π=3.14),
or 565.49 inches, instead of thirty cubits (540"). The
difficulty I solved by nothing that the Laver was a
handbreadth think (4"). Verse 2 gives the outside
diameter and the inside circumference . The inside
diameter would have been 180 minus two
handbreadths (8"). Or 172 inches. Multiplying 172
times pi(3.14), we get 540.36 inches, which to the
nearest inch equals the thirty cubits of the text.
How much water did the laver hold-2,000 bathes
(1Kgs.7:26), or 3,000 baths (4:5)? The answer-both.
Two thousand baths was probably what is sea held
normally, but its brimful capacity was 3,00baths.
7(7:11-16) J. Barton Payne, “II Chronicles,” The
Wycliffe Bible Commentary. P.397
8(8:7-10)How many officers were in Solomon’s
administration-250 (8:10)or 550 (1Kgs.9:23)? See
Endnotes on 2 Chron. 2:17,18.
9(8:17,18) Did Solomon receive 450 talents of gold
from Ophir (8:18), or 420 (Kgs. 9:28)? The Hebrew
numbers 2 and 5 could very easily be confused by
later copyists. Some suggest that the thirty-tlent
469
difference went to pay for supplies and Wages for
the trip.
10(9:13-28) The name Tarshish is used in a generic
sense for areas connected with the refining of metals
.In the OT it is used for a distant country rich in
mentals. “Most scholars identify the name with
Tartessus, a city in SW Spain,…. Rich in silver,
copper, and lead” (The Revell Bible Dictionary, p.
1136). “Theships of Tarshish” may bhave simply
referred refined metals, not necessarily doing business
with Spain.
11(9:13-28) Did Solomon have 4,000 stalls for his
horses (v. 25), or 40,000(1Kgs.4:26)? The NASB
margin points out that 1 Kings 4:26 reads 4,000 in one
ancient manuscript. Since there were only 12,000
horsemen, the very high figure in 1 Kings may well
be a copyist’s error.
12(10:12-19) George Williams, The Student’s
Commentary on the Holy Scriptures., p.246.
13(12:9-12) Gold is widely recognized by Bible
students as symbolic symbolic of deity, and bronze
(KJV, brass) as symbolic of judgment.
14(13:1-3) Abijah’s mother, Michaiah, was the
daughter of Uriel (13:2). But 2 Chronicles 11:20 says
She was Maachah the daughter of Absalom. The
Jewish historian Flavius Josephus tells us that Uriel
was Absalom. The Jewish historian Flavius Josephus
tells us that Uriel was Absalom’s son-in-law ad the
father of Michaiah or Maachah (two names for the
same person). This makes Michaiah the daughter of
Absalom. (The Heberw word for daughter can also
mean granddaughter.)
15 (14:3-8) Second Chronicles 14:3 and 14:5 state
that Asa removed the high places, but 15:17 says that
he did not. Which is right? Both statements are true.
Some high places were dedicate true. Some high
places were dedicated to Jehovah(eg,1Kings.3:2).
Some Scholars think that Asa destroyed only the
idolatrous shrines . Keil believes that the second text
merely implies that the king did not succeed in carrying
his reforms out thoroughly. Rawlinson suggests that
the above texts refer to different times; Asa in the
early part of his reign, putting down idolatry with a
strong hand, but in his later years, when his character
had deteriorated, allowing idol-workship to creep in
again.See John Haley, Alleged Discrepancies of the
Bible, p.323.
470
16(15:16-19) The Hebrew world for mother can
mean grandmother in some contexts as here.
17(16:1) According to 1 Kings 15:33, Baasha, the
third king of the northern tribes, died in Asa’s tewenty-
seventh year. But 2 Chronicles 15:19 and 16:1 speak
of war between Baasha and Asa in Asa’s thirty-sixth
year. Thiele, an expert in the Chronology of the
Hebrew kings, maintains that Judah’s history and not
Asa’s sole reign is meant here. The thirty-fifth year
of Judah’s kingdom, dating from Rehoboam’s
rebellion, would have been the fifteenth year of Asa’s
personal reign. This explanation is not without
problems,too detailed to go into here. Many simply
suggest that a copyist’s error is the cause of the
discrepancy.
18(18-11) D.L.Moody, Notes from My Bible,p.59.
19(18:18-22) Matthew Henry, “1 Kings,” Mattew
Henry’s Commentary on the whole Bible, II:703.
20(20:1-6)In Hebrew the word for Syria looks
much like the spelling of Edom. A copist’s error would
be easy to make here.
21(22:1-9) The Masoretic Text of 2 Chronicles 22:2
says that Ahaziah was forty-two years old when he
began to reign. However, 2 Kings 8:26 says he was
twenty-two. This younger age seems likely because
his father was only forty when he died. “Forty-two
years old” is a almost certainly a copyist’s error.
22(24:4-14) Was the chest for the collection of
the money placed out-side the gate (24:8), or was it
located beside the altar (2 Kgs 12:9)? Some
commentators think there were two chests, one outside
and one beside the altar. Others Think that there was
only one box but that it was moved.
23(24:4-14) Second Kings 12:13 says that no temple
vessels were made out of the money collected, but 2
Chronicles 24:14 says that vessels were made with
the surplus. Second Kings refers to what went to the
workmen for repairing the house, while chronicles
refers to what was done with the surplus afterward.
24(24:20-27)In 24:20 Zechariah is said to be the
son of Jehoiada. However, our Lord referred to him
as the son of Berechiah (matt.23:25). Adifferent
Zechariah, the author of the book by that name, is
also said to be the son of berechiah (Zech.1:1, 7).
Aprobable explanation is as follows: The Zechariah
mentioned in 2 Chronicles 24 was the grandson of
Jehoiada and the son can also mean grandson. The
Zechariah who wrote the book that bears his name
was also the book that bears his name were common
in OT times.
25(28:1-4) If Ahaz was thirty –six years old when
he died (28:1), that would make him only eleven when
Hezekiah was born (29;1)., Or according to another
reconstruction of the data, fifteen. Some think that
Ahaz could possibly father a child at eleven; he
certainly could at fifteen. Others suggest that a
copyist’s error may be involved. The simple fact is
that we do not have enough information to solve the
problem of Ahaz’s Chronology.
26(28:16-27) Second Kings 16:20 says that Ahaz
was buried with his fathers while 2 Chronicles 28:27
says he was not buried in the tombs of the kings.
Both statements are true. He rested with his fathers
and was buried with them (i.e. in the city of
Terusalem). Although not in the actual royal tombs.
27(32:1-8) G. Campbell Morgan, Searchlight from
the World, p.127.
28(35:20-24) Did Josiah die in Jerusalem (35:24),
or in Megiddo (2Kgs. 23:29)? He was mortally
wounded n the battle at Megiddo, and Kings the battle
at Megiddo, and kings speaks of him as dying there
because that is where he received his death wound.
Chronicles more specifically states he actually died
in Jerusalem. Today we might say a person died in an
automobile accident eve though he actually died in a
hospital a little later. What we mean is that the
accident was the cause of death even if it was not
the location of the person’s last breath.
29(35:20-24) Johan C. Whitcomb Jr. Solomon to
the Exile, p.141.
30 (36:9,10) Verse 9 says jehoiachin was eight
years old when he became King while 2 Kings 24:8
says he was eighteen, Doubtless Verse 9 Contains a
copyist’s error, because Jehoiachin had wives when
he surrendered to the Babylonians, only a few months
after his ascesion to the throne (2Kgs 24:15). Some
Herbrew manuscriptus and the Septuagint and Syriac
versions also read eighteen.
 471

NOTES