Collect Gas Lab Report

Members
Omsap Kongamornpinyo (Aom)
Nakreetipe Sudhisanronakorn (Tanoy)
Pattranith Pattanaanunsuk (Ploy)
Milin Tanasarnsopon (Milly)
Phu-fah Nontamongkoltorn (Fah)

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in order to measure the amount of gas by using the
baking soda, and Acetic acid (vinegar). As the result, the mixture of baking soda, and Acetic
acid produced carbon dioxide. After that, the carbon dioxide was collected. We are
observing the relationship between the amount of mole, volume, and pressure in the reaction
by using the water displacement method.

Objective
The objective of this experiment is to collect the carbon dioxide from the mixture of
weak acid and weak base by using the water displacement method, and to identify how
much carbon dioxide produced in different concentration of the baking soda.

Introduction
This experiment includes various chemicals which are Acetic, NaHCO3, and others in
order to collect carbon dioxide gas from the mixture between acetic acid and baking soda.
The technique used within this experiment is called vapor pressure. Talking about vapor
pressure, it is the process of evaporation in a closed container and the process will proceed
when there are enough amount of gas molecules to replace the molecules of water.
Baking soda or Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) is a n alkaline compound that,
when combined with an acid such as vinegar, lemon juice, butter milk, or yogurt, will produce
carbon dioxide gas. Baking soda will also produce gas upon decomposition caused by heat
as well. Moreover, no acid is necessary for this reaction to take place, but only exposure to
temperatures above 80 degrees Celsius or 176 degrees Fahrenheit. However, there are
other advantages of baking soda which are absorb erroneous odors, a favored c leaner
because of its granular texture, which aids scrubbing and its alkaline pH which can dissolve
some deposits and build-up.
Acetic Acid is a synthetic carboxylic acid with antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Moreover, Acetic acid is one of the most common carboxylic acids. It is one of significant
chemical reagent and industrial chemical which is used in various kinds of industrial
factories such as the production of plastic soft drink bottles, photographic film, and polyvinyl
acetate for wood glue, or synthetic of fibres and fabrics. However, in daily life, people often
used acetic acid as a cleaning agent as well. Furthermore, acetic acid also plays the
important role to the organisms by involving into metabolism process.

Chemical Equation: CH3COOH + NaHCO3 = CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

Materials

Baking soda
acetic acid
volume metric flask

Tubing

Cylinder
Filtering flask

Beaker

Weighing paper
Dropper
Electronic balance Clay

Procedure

1. Prepare baking soda solution (3 concentration solution 100 mL each)

2. Receive 10 % acetic acid form TA

3. Set an apparatus
4. Add 20 mL acetic acid to 20 mL of the first baking soda solution. Quickly close the cap

5. Measure volume of gas for each sample

6. Repeat step 2-4 for sample 2 and 3

Result

Concentration NaHCO3 Gas Produce (mL) Pressure CO2

(Molarity) Moles Grams / of 20 mL of baking
100 mL solution soda solution

0.25 M 0.025 moles 2.1g 10 ml 6.01 Atm

0.5 M 0.05 moles 4.2g 80 ml 12.03 Atm

0.8 M 0.08 moles 6.72g 420 ml 19.24 Atm

Analyze and Calculation

Calculation
The result was calculated by using the method that we have learn from the past few
weeks, start by picking the molarity, then change it to moles by using M = moles/L. After that
we change moles to grams by using moles = mass/mw, because we need this in the lab
process to get the amount of baking soda. Lastly, we have use the Ideal gas to calculate the
pressure that we got from the gas that we collect in the water displacement process using
the equation PV=nRT. Some of the change that we needed to do is we need to change the
volume from 0.1L to 0.02L because we mixed only 20 mL of each of the substance, and we
also needed to change the moles because we have change the volume of the solutions.
This is our calculation
Discussion of calculation

The experiment above relates to Avogadro's law of which volume is directly

proportional to the amount of mole at constant temperature and pressure. From the
experiment, gas of the reaction acquired more space when the sample has greater amount
of moles. The sample that contain 0.8 moles has a volume of 0.08 mole produce 420 ml gas.
On the other hand, a sample with 0.025 moles and 0.05 moles procedure 10 ml and ml of
gas, respectively. Therefore we can see that when the amount of moles of reactant in the
reaction is increase, the volume of gas produced from produce is increased.

Discussion
In the result of this experiment. The experiment have been through many problems,
unexpected event, and some errors. The point of this experiment is to measure the carbon
dioxide from the reaction of Acetic acid and baking soda with difference concentration. We
were expected that the carbon dioxide that cause the pressure in the cylinder will be low in
pressure. However, in reality, there are many factor that causes the solution to produced a
lot more pressure than expected.
First of all, when the compound started to mixed to form a solution, it will produced
CO2, as refer to this chemical reaction NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(l) CO2(g) + H2O(l) +
Na+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq). The amount of pressure of dry gas that produced at 25C is
depend on the concentration of the baking soda(NaHCO3) that was used. The moles and
grams also related on the concentration. The result is the 0.8M will be 0.08 moles and 6.72
grams and will produced 38.49Atm. In the other hand, 0.5M were chosen and changed to
0.05 moles with 4.2 grams and produced 24.06 Atm. Lastly, 0.25M changed to 0.025 moles
with 2.1 grams and produced 12.02 Atm.
On one hand, errors during the lab, at the start we have looking forward to be faster
than the others groups, but our groups didnt realize that we should follow the step that we
was given. We started with getting the acetic acid first, that isnt a real error yet. As we have
done through some of the step, we forget which one is our Acetic acid, and which one is our
water. We have find our ways out by sniffing at the mouth of the beaker, but this would get
worst if we work with the dangerous chemical. So, next time, we would label the beaker first
before we do something else. Moreover, we almost forget which beaker comes from which
concentration, this error might leads us to the end of the experiment because of our small
mistake.
In the process of making the solution, the baking soda was clumped down the
bottom, we almost forget one of the step which is shaking the baking soda with water to
make the solution. This error waste some of our time. We need to shake and dissolve the
solid concentration of baking soda first, and then continue to the next step. We will improve
this errors next time by concentrate more on what we are doing and read the instruction
carefully.
Even though, we follow all the instruction, and miss some of them, some of the error
were made accidentally or by nature of the substance. The last step that we need to do is
the water displacement, we need to use this process to calculate, and observe how much
gas we got. For instance, the last concentration that we tested is the 0.8M one of our error
and unexpected mistake is, we thought that the water would be enough for the last
concentration to be filled with gas but it doesnt come out like that, the dry gas used more
volume than that we thought, so it drain all the water until the almost end of the large beaker,
so we need to estimate how much the gas were produced. After that we want to make sure
that the amount of gas that we got were correct, so we tried to test it again by doing the
same method, but something had happen the gas didnt produced from what we have mixed.
The first thing that comes to my mind is the gas leak out after we mixed it with each other.
So, we perform the experiment again, and it doesnt produced gas again. We think that there
was many factor to answer this confusion, our first assumption is the gas might leak out
when we plug something to the hole, the second assumption something might evaporate to
the air already, the tried and last assumption that we made is it is the nature of the
substance or compound, or it didnt mixed completely.
Lastly, this project might improve some of our skills, some of the mistake we made
this time will be improve in the next time. We will learn from the errors and mistake that we
made. We would follow all the instruction and the step of what should go first.

Conclusion
As a result from the experiment, when the amount of mole in concentration increase,
the volume of gas increase as well as the pressure. The same amount of moles but the
highest concentration of baking soda will cause highest concentration of CO2. Therefore, as
the volume of the water has gone down, the blank part of the cylinder, the volume of CO2
has replaced that part in cylinder this process is called water displacement.
 Reference

Collecting Gas Over Water Lab. (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2017, from
http://makenzeschemistrylabs.weebly.com/collecting-gas-over-water-lab.html