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Project Report

Rocket launching

Mahidol University International Demonstration School

Physics

By

Attawit Jirabandansuk 5861009

Paphawarin Khwansri 5861094

Tanaporn Manoonsumrit 5861160

Tanyaton Panyadilok 5861162

Tatpicha Phokeeratikul 586163

To

Mrs. Tonsiengsom, Sorasaree

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Abstract

This experiment is about launching the rocket to the point in the distance
of 20 meters. It is the association of two subjects which are physics and
chemistry. We aimed to proof the law of physics and also the use of mass
relationship in chemistry to accomplish our goal. We created rocket by using the
water bottle then wrap it with the tape. We design the launcher which is the
setting to launch our rocket to the place. To make it work, we have to measure
the volume of vinegar and baking soda which is the most important part
because it will indicate the distance of the rocket, it will explodes after the
reaction. We have to measure the weight of the rocket and then design the wings
that can be blown easily by the wind. After this, we make our launcher and also
design the track to release our rocket which is the important part because we
have to calculate the angle and how to add more pressure to make it farther, this
was improved throughout the trial. According to the experiment, we can make it
to the point 3.5 out of 5 by using the exact amount of vinegar and the same
rocket, the factor that could help us complete our goal are the wind and the
location of rocket. We also found the errors during the experiment which are the
cork as we use the wine cork and the chemicals is leak out, human errors which
when we set down the rocket in the wrong position, and the wind which are
different in each times and also the wings in which sometime are loose and not
strong enough. We would like to recommend to use the close system which we
can control the wind which could help the result be more accurate.

Objective
To understand and measurement the reaction with a correct ratio of
baking soda and vinegar that the rocket will be result in the target launch.
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Introduction

Our project is to launch the rocket to the point by stay twenty metres far
away. This project is associated with two subject which are Physics and
Chemistry. The experiment is deal with physic laws which are Newton’s laws of
motion, linear motion, projectile, momentum and energy. It also join together
with the chemistry as it link to the mass relationship. In this case, the chemical
that we use are baking soda (​sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar (acetic acid),
​ aking soda is solid but vinegar is liquid so,
which use to launch the rocket. B
baking soda and vinegar are different state of matter. ​We create rocket by using
a two liters water bottle for rocket and Pvc Pipes for launcher. Sodium
bicarbonate and acetic acid is the reactants and one of the products in the
reaction creates carbon dioxide. This could make our rocket make it to the
point. ​Vinegar is acetic acid (C​2​H​4​O​2​) and water. Acetic acid is made of 2 carbon
atoms, 4 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. Baking soda is sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO​3​). Sodium bicarbonate is made of 1 sodium ion, 1
hydrogen atom, 1 carbon atom, and 3 oxygen atoms.

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 = CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O.

Acetic Acid + Baking soda = Sodium Acetate + Carbon dioxize + Water

The carbon dioxide cause the solution as the bubbles. The bubbles are
heavier than the air, so the carbon dioxide collects at the surface of the
container or overflows it. ​We create rocket by using a two liters water bottle for
rocket and Pvc Pipes for launcher. Sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid is the
reactants and one of the products in the reaction creates carbon dioxide. This
could make our rocket make it to the point.
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Material
• Baking soda
• Vinegar
• PVC Piepe
• PVC pipe cutter
• Transparent tape
• Coloring Spray
• Hard paper
• Bottle
• Flute Board
• Weighing Scale
• Tissue
• Spoon
• Safety goggles
• Lab coat
• Rubber stopper
• Measuring cylinder
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Method
1. First of all, we measure the amount of Vinegar and Baking soda that we
need and look for the equation.
2. Then, we find the molar weight of baking soda and vinegar and make its
ratio equal to 1:1
3. We design the launcher for our rocket and brainstorm how to make it
work.
4. We bought supplies and then start to form the launcher by using pipes,
pipe connectors and tape.
5. After finished with launcher, we start to design and create the rocket.
6. Do the experiment.
a. Weight the baking soda on the tissue
b. Rap the tissue to make sure that it will not fall out
c. Rap the tissue with rubber stopper
d. Weight vinegar and pour into the rocket(bottle)
e. Enter rubber stopper to the lid of the rocket can set it upside down
f. Shake the bottle and let it fly

Result
In the result, of our group we used 300 mL 0f vinegar and 21.00 grams of
baking soda. We used the angle of 45 degree and that we get launch the rocket
in the target of 23 metres. It usually takes only 20 metres but because of our
rocket is heavy plus the amount of chemicals that have to suit with the rocket, so
we have to move back the launcher. At last,we hit the target at point 3.5 out of 5.
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Data table

Accuracy Rocket (g) Vinegar (ml) Baking soda (g) Angle

0 171.01 g 300 ml 21.02 g 45
0 171.01 g 300 ml 21 g 45
0 171.01 g 300 ml 21.84 g 45
0 171.01 g 300 ml 21.12 g 45
0 171.01 g 300 ml 21.17 g 45
0 171.01 g 300 ml 21.04 g 45
0 171.01 g 300 ml 21.3 g 45
2 171.01 g 300 ml 21.9 g 45
3 171.01 g 300 ml 21.0 g 45
0 171.01 g 300 ml 21.32 g 45
3 171.01 g 300 ml 21.54 g 45
0 171.01 g 300 ml 21.02 g 45

According to the data, it takes us around 4 time to accomplish our goals.

We use the exact same amount of volume of vinegar and baking soda every time
but the last time that we can made it to the point, is because of the position
where we set down our launcher and the wind is different in each times.
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Discussion

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 = CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O.

Acetic Acid + Baking soda = Sodium Acetate + Carbon dioxize + Water

​Acetic acid (CH3COOH), also called ethanoic acid, the most important of
the ​carboxylic acids​. The s​ olution​ of acetic ​acid​ produced by f​ ermentation​ and
oxidation of natural ​carbohydrates​ is called ​vinegar​. ​ Although it is classified as
a ​weak acid​, concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and can attack the skin.
​ onosodium​ salt of ​carbonic acid​ with
Sodium Bicarbonate is the m
alkalinizing and electrolyte replacement properties. Upon dissociation, sodium
bicarbonate forms ​sodium​ and b
​ icarbonate​ ions. Ion formation increases
plasma ​bicarbonate​ and buffers excess ​hydrogen​ ion concentration, resulting in
raised blood pH.​ Limiting reagent is vinegar that is 0.24 g/mol. and excess
reagent is baking soda that is 0.25 g/mol. T
​ he wind, the cork that we use, the
position of rocket, rocket’s weight and especially the human errors.
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Calculation
Vinegar
Molar mass of vinegar - ( ​CH3COOH)
C=12 H=1 O=16
12+(1*3)+12+(16*2)+1 = 60 gram

​ H3COOH
100 ml of vinega have 5gram of C
5/60 = 0.083 mole/ 100ml
300 ml = 0.83*3
=0.25 mole/300ml
Baking soda
Molar mass of Baking soda - ( ​NaHCO3)
Na=23 H=1 C=12 O=16
23+1+12+(16*3) = 84 gram
21/84 = 0.25 mole
Molar mass of vinegar = ​0.25 mole/300ml.
Malar mass of baking soda = 0.25 mole/ 21g.

The ratio is equal already (0.25:0.25 = 1:1).

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Conclusion
In conclusion, the rate of baking soda and vinegar are 21g :300mL, which
can leads the rocket about 30 meters.The appropriate volume of the rocket is
171g including the decorations. However, our rocket didn’t hit the target because
the way we put the launcher and the wind, so the rocket sometimes hit the
target but not in the middle, and sometimes farther and nearer than the target.
Our rocket is quite big and heavy, so we need more chemical the react but the
problem is the rocket was too far, so we need to put our launcher farther than
other groups.

Suggestion
From the experiment, we launched many times. We had many error
during the experiment which are wind, cork that we used, position of rocket,
rocket’s weight and especially the human errors. At first, our rocket can not
launch to the point because the cork and our rocket was too heavy. We also have
to recalculate the chemical because it is too low which not suit with the weight
of rocket. The volume of chemicals should be appropriate with the rocket’s
weight. Also ​the wind was not stable, we recommended to do the experiment in
the close system. We will also improve the human errors as sometime we set
down the rocket in the wrong position.
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References

● Wayne. (2560, February 27). Baking Soda and Vinegar Reaction and Demonstrations.
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http://www.apple-cider-vinegar-benefits.com/baking-soda-and-vinegar.html
● C. (2560, February 27). Baking soda. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from
http://www.chemicalformula.org/baking-soda
● S. (2013, July 4). Spectacle Science: Exploring Homemade Rockets. Retrieved February
15, 2017, from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-homemade-rockets/
● T. (2012, July 31). Linear motion. Retrieved February 16, 2017, from
https://global.britannica.com/science/linear-motion
● H. (n.d.). Potential Energy. Retrieved February 16, 2017, from
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/PotentialEnergy/
● H. (n.d.). Work-Energy Principle. Retrieved February 16, 2017, from
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/work.html
● "Definition and Mathematics of Work." The Physics Classroom(n.d). Retrieved
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http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Definition-and-Mathematic
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