Science 8 Notes

Unit 2: Topic 2- Microscopes and Cells

A World Too Small to See

How do you enlarge something too small to be seen with the

unaided eye?
_______________________ an object makes it appear larger. The human
eye can only see objects that are larger than ________mm.
Early Microscopes
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
He was a Dutch scientist who had a hobby of making magnifying
lenses. By shaping lenses, he was able to make the first
______________________. These objects magnified objects up to 300 times
(300x).
Using early microscopes, he studied ____________, pond water, and
tooth _____________. He was the first person to observe single-celled
organisms and nicknamed them _____________________.
Robert Hooke
He was an English scientist that experimented with his own
microscopes. When he looked at _______________ cells under a
microscope, he saw that there were tiny compartments that
reminded him of honeycomb. He described the little boxes as
cellulae..or.______________!
Cells in all Living Things
German scientists Schleiden and Schwann combined their
observations and made the hypothesis that all organisms are made
from cells. They thought that all the ______________ of living things
were carried out by individual cells as well.

The Cell Theory

Rudolf Virchow combined his ideas with Schleiden and Schwann

and they all formed what is the modern day __________ ________________:

1) All ____________ things are composed of cells

2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all
_________________________

Microscopes Today

Improvements in technology and design led to the development of

__________________________ light microscopes. Compound light
microscopes have ________ lenses, which give it a high magnification
power.

The best light microscopes can magnify an object up to ____________x.

In order to see structures inside of cells, scientists have to use

_____________________ microscopes, which use beams of electrons
instead of light. The electrons are bounced off of the object, then
enlarged to form an image on a screen.
A Valuable Tool

In 1938, the first practical electron microscope was developed by

two Canadians: James Hillier and Albert Prebus. To test it, they
looked at the edge of a _____________ blade. Under a light microscope,
it appeared smooth. Under their electron microscope, it looked like a
_______________ mountain range!

This electron microscope could ________________ up to 7000x! Todays

electron microscopes can magnify up to 2,000,000x!